2

SUN MON TUE WED THU HI SAT 13 ------SANTA FE: "Tosce," Present- ed by Santa Fe Opera. Cur- THE tain time 8:30 p.m. 13 -----. ALBUQUERQUE, U. N. M.· Coach's Clinic, Johnson Gymnasium. SUN-~ 13 - - - - -. ALBUQUERQUE, A qua tic o Association State M e e t, Sandia Base. 14 - - ..... TAOS: Exhibition, Reynolds DIAL Gallery, Prints by Doel Reed. Reception, 2:00 to A CALENDAR OF NEW MEXICO EVENTS FOR 6,00 p.m. 14 - - •• -. SANTA FE: Reception open- AUGUST ing the 47th Fiesta Show of Art, State Art Museum, 3:30 1 to 31 • -. NEW MEXICO Builirog lish- 5 to ~ •• RATON: Horse Racing at la to 5:30 p.m. ing season. tyY"Io.U' Mesa Park, week-ends only, ~. _ .• -. ZIA PUEBLO: 1 to 31 • - - ROSWELL: Exhibitions, Ros- Friday, Saturday and Sun- Annual Fiesta well Museum and Art Cen- day. Post time 1:00 p.m. and Indian Green Corn Dance. ter, Selection of Paintings 6 _. - _. -. SANTA FE: "Marriage of from the Museum's Perma- Figaro," Presented by Santa ~d16 ESPANOLA, P u y eel I I I nent Collection; Paintings, Fe Opera. Curtain time 8:30 Dwelling Indian Ceremon- Prints, and Sculptures from p.m. ial dances. the Museum's Southwest- ern Collection; Drawings 6 -'. - - - -. ALBUQUERQUE, "Beggar's 17 - ~. - -. SANTA FE: liT csce.' Present- from the Peter Moran Col- Opera," written by John ed by Santa Fe Opera. Cur- lection; Temperas, Water Gay. Summer Stu den t tain time 8:30 p.m. Choir, U.N.M., * Student Un- Colors and Drawings from 19 ------SANTA FE, "The Gondo- the Peter Hurd Collection; ion Building. P.M. liers," Presented by Santa Paintings and Jade from the 6 ------ALBUQUERQUE, light Op- Fe Opera. Curtain time 8:30 Witter Bynner Chinese Col- era Workshop, U. N. M., * p.m. lection. Student nUion Building, 1to 10··. SANTA FE: Art Exhibition, 7,30 p.rn. ~ 21._ SANTA FE: Annual Santa at State Art Museum, 6 ------ALBUQUERQUE, New Mex- Fe Horse Show, Rodeo One Man Exhibitions by ico Synchronized SWimming Grounds, Friday 8:00 e.m. Rodrick Mead, Foster Jewel, Championship, Albuqeur- to 10:00 p.m., Saturday Eleanor de Ghize and Hel- que Country Club, The Duke B,OO e.m. to 10,00 p.rn., muth Naumer. City Aquatic Association. Sunday 8:00 e.m. to 5:00 ~ p.m. 2 • - - - - -. JEMEZ PUEBLO, Old Pecos 7 - - .. _. - SANTA FE: Recital, Santa Fe Indian Dance, annual event. Chamber Music Society, St. 20 SANTA FE: "Tosce," Present- P3 .~.-_.- SANTA FE: "Tosce" Present- Francis Auditorium 4:00 ed by Santa Fe Opera. Cur- ed by Santa Fe Opera. Cur- p.m. tain time 8:30 p.m. (last tain time 8:30 p.rn. Performance and End of 7-12.14 ALBUQUERQUE, Play, "The Season). 3 ------. ALBUQUERQUE, Teachers Poor of New York," Rodey Education Professional So- Theatre, on U.N.M, * Cam- 21 SANTA FE: Concert, Santa ciety meeting, U.N.M. * Stu- pus, Curtain time 8:30 p.m. Fe Chamber Music Society, 1 / dent Union Building. B to 12 - - UNIVERSITY PARK, 36th St. Francis Auditorium, 4:00 /' 4 • - - - - -. SANTO DOMINGO PUEBLO, _/ p.rn. to 5:00 p.m. Indian Fiesta and Corn Annual gathering of State Dance. / 4-H Clubs. L?2 -~-_.. DEADLINE: Applications to hunt Elk, Antelope and Big- S • ~. - - - - SANTA FE: "Tasca" Present- 00 ---~--TAOS: Picuris Pueblo, An- / nual Fiesta. horn Sheep must be in. ed by Santa Fe Opera. Cur. State Department of Game tain time 8:30 p.m. 0 0 to 13 -. ARTESIA, Annual Rodeo all and Fish, Santa Fe. 5 and 6 _. HOBBS: Miss New Mexico day events. 24 HOBBS: Business - Industry Pageant. 10 • -. - -. SANTA FE: "Marriage of Education Day. to 7 - -. LINCOLN: "The last Escape Figaro," Presented by Santa of Billy the Kid Pageant:' Fe Opera. Curtain time 8:30 GALLUP: The Fort Wingate Pageant starts at 8:00 p.m. p.m. Centennial Celebration with on 5, 6, and 7. Outdoor 1 to 14 _. GALLUP: Inter-Tribal Indian parades, pageants, street Bar-B-Que for the Public Ceremonial, Parade each bazaars, fireworks, and All Day Saturday and Sun- morning 10 e.m. Sports and centennial ball. (See Article day, 6 and 7. (See Article Athletics in the afternoon on Page 33.) on Page 7.) 2: 15 p.rn. Indian dances ~to 30 _. LAS VEGAS: New Mexico thru 7·· LAS VEGAS: Teddy Roose- 8: 15 p.m. (See article on Police and Sheriff's Posse velt Rough Riders and Cow. Page lB.) / Convention. boys Reunion. SANTA CLARA PUEBLO, An- _ 78"··-- .. ISLETA PUEBLO, Annual 00 28 •• RUIDOSO: Horse Racing at nual Fiesta, venous Indian f/ San Augustin Fiesta and In- L/ Ruidoso Downs, week-ends dances all day. dian Ceremonial Dances. only, Friday, Saturday and 12 - - •. - - SANTA FE: "Marriage of 30 and 31 CLAYTON, Sunday. Post time 1:00 Figaro:' Presented by Santa Union County Fair. p.m. (See Article on Page Fe Opera. Curtain time 8:30 12.) p.m. UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO

2 NEW ME Xleo • AUG U ST, 10 6 0 • • • • • • • ABOUT THE • NEW MEXICO • • AUTHORS ... MAGAZINE • • PUBLISHED MONTHLY BYTHEDEPARTMENTOF DEVELOPMENT • Edward S. (better known as Ike) • Merry is the secretary-manager of the EDITORIAL. OFFICES, THE CAPITOL BUILDING, SANTA FE, N. M. • Inter-Tribal Ceremonial Association in • Gallup. Ike took over his job in that ca- J. WALTER FLYNN • I:DITOR pacity in 1954 after • working on a news- • paper there. Orig- ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR: Vern Rogln. CIRCULATION MANAGER: e.rl DeBord. EDITORIAL ASSO- • inally from Ogdens- CIATE; fremont Kvtnewsky. ACCOUNTANT: J. Antonio Chevu, CASHIER: el". Torbert. OffiCE • burg. New York, Ike MANAGER: Mery Flulkn., Plyn •• PERSONNEL: Josi. MontOYI, Juli.tt. C d. BICI, Tom .. V.I.rd., says he has been • MERRY C.rm.n Roybll. Thome. E. Gird., Simoni D.lVi., M.I. M.. s. SALES REPRESENTATIVES: Cherles everything in a news- • paper from a sweeper in the composing KISsell, Linde Petty. • room to the business manager and ed- • itor of a fair-sized daily in Burlington, JOHN BURROUGHS FRED W. PHELPS Vt. Ike is a devoted worker for the In- GOVERNOR DIRECTOR, DI!~'T 01'" Dl!!:VI[LOPMltNT • dians and is largely responsible for the • continuing success of • the Ceremonial. Ton y Hillerman, • the editor of the New • Mexican in Santa Fe, CONTENTS delves into the history VOL. 38 • AUGUST' 960 NO.8 of Zozobra-the giant • puppet whose burning • signals the beginning HILLERMAN • of the four-day fiesta on Labor Day Trip of the Month ...... Betty Woods I • weekend in Santa Fe. Newspaper work • has taken up most of Sundial . 2 his life and this ar- • ticle is his first at- • tempt at magazine Cantonment Burgwin and Captain Burgwin ...... Joel Ross writing . • Laird Savage has • spent most of his Billy the Kid...... Pageant 7 • adult Ilfefn the field SAVAGE • of co ill m u nications. Dale Robertson - Horse Lover. . Frieda Bryan Hyatt 12 and public relations. He has served as a • foreign correspondent and spent much • of his time in free lance writing for Tularosa Marks a Century . ... Emily Kalled Lovell 16 • magazines, radio, • newspapers and tele- vision. He produced The Great American Show .. . Edward S. Merry 18 • and directed docu- • mentary and feature Meet Dr. Frankenstein Shuster .. _ • motion pictures both Tony Hillerman 24 in the United States • and abroad. He start- • ed his career as a cub LOVELL Fort Wingate . . Laird Savage 33 • reporter on metropolitan newspapers. • He now lives in Gallup where he is Art and Artists Ina Sizer Cassidy 35 working on a novel about Navajo In- • dians. • Emily Kalled Lovell makes her home Nacio "Herb" Brown ._._ ._--..... Ben Bowen 40 • in Alamogordo (Continued on page 34) • • NEW MEXICO MAGAZINE, with which has been Incorpora-ted the neme of Sun Trails Magazine b • co V E R 5 TOR Y: Visitors at the published monthly by the publishing divIsion, Department of Development. Plece of publication, 404 Fort Wingate, and Gallup Ceremonials Fourth Street, N.W., Albuquerque, N. M. Subscriptions and change. of .dd,e" should be sent to New • Mexico Magazine, The Capitol, Santa Fe, N. M. Editorial lind general officesl The Capitol, Santa Fe, will find a fascinating formation of bril- N. M. YUcca 2-2624. Mtlil renewals thirty days before expiration date. Five weeks notice required for • liantly-colored sandstone known as Red change of address. Send old address label from cover of recent copy direct to us, not to your post Rocks. Photographer George C. Hight office. Subscription rates: 35c COPYi $3.50 year. Second dass postage paid at Albuquerque, N. M., • and at additional mailing offices. Copyright 1960 by Publishing Division, Department of Development, finds tourists on horseback exploring the State of New Mexico. Manuscripts and Art Material will be cerefully considered but will be received • unusual attractions. only with the understanding ther the Publisher end Editors will not be responsible for loss or injury. • BA eKe 0 V E R: Kit Carson's Cave, Send stamped, self-addressed envelope with unsocilited menuscripts end art material to Editorial offices. • in cliff near Wingate Ordnance Depot. • • • • • • If Will Shuster ever sat through the original "Frankenstein and the Monster" movie he'd probably suspect that Hollywood had stolen his auto- biography. 0 Way back in 1926 Shuster created his own monster. He was promptly captured by it. This summer, 34 years later, the white-haired Santa Fe artist is making his third attempt to escape. But fellow Santa Feans won't believe it until they see what happens on the wild Friday night be- fore Labor Day which opens the fun side of their Ancient City'S ancient Fiesta. D Shuster's monster is Zozobra, the Gloomy One, or better known in Santa Fe as "Old Man Gloom," the world's largest animated puppet, which he has been building all these 34 years. His disfigured nose is half the size of a full-grown man, his head measures nine feet from cleft chin to widow's peak, he is 40-feet tall from toes to topknot and he tips the scale in the vicinity of 1500 pounds. 0 Every summer for most of Shuster's adult life, this monster has required a month or more of hard labor on the part of his creator. "Multiply a month by the 33 years I've been stuck with him and you get 33 months," says Shuster. "That's almost three years out of my life and it doesn't include the time spent on the preliminaries - and, if I can't pass him off on somebody else this year - it will be 34 months shot." In the last five or six years the Santa Fe Kiwanis Club has been very active in building and putting on the show of Zozobra. Shuster says that some of the main problems have been taken over by the Kiwanis, but to assure that he be on hand for the event - and the work that goes into making the mon- ster - they made him an honorary Kiwanian. D Whether or not Shuster finds satisfactory foster parents for his beast, (Continued on Page 27)

MEET DR. FRANKENSTEIN SHUSTER

BY TONY HILLERMAN

24 •

, r The late Errol Flynn) swashbuckling movie hero) in Santa Fe for a premiere of the "Santa Fe Trait;' was given the honor of igniting the bonfire that reduced a Zozobra-Like figure to ashes.

,.HOTO BY WYATT C ...... IS

IV!ten Zozobra is in the throes of his death As Sana Fe bollej instructor Jacques Cartier scene, his giant eyeballs roll, his ears flap in the breeze performs a ritual dance) Zozobra's followers known as mill groans issue from his mouth. Glooms parade before the execution fire is lighted.

26 NEW ME X I C,O • AUG U S T, 19 6 0 •

DR, FRANKENSTEIN SHUSTEH

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 24

Santa Fe has no doubt that Zozobra will be back again this fall. On the Friday afternoon before the Labor Day weekend he will rise again on the hillside overlooking Fort Marcy Park, using a Public Service Company of New Mexico power line pole for a backbone. That night, the gigantic puppet will be both guest of honor and victim at one of the largest and loudest celebra- tions in the West. With his ponderous arms waving, thunderous loudspeaker groans issuing from his wag- ging jaws and pumpkin-sized eyeballs rolling evilly, Zozobra will go up once again in a towering column of flames. Overhead salvos of aerial bombs will be exploding, massed batteries of roman candles will be shooting their stars, horns of thousands of parked au- tos will be adding to the din and Mariache bands up from Mexico to join in Fiesta will be competing in vain with the uproar. A visitor from the Lone Star State once remarked after witnessing the bedlam, that he hadn't "seen or heard anything like it since the Texas City disaster." Behind the smoke, fireworks and flame a small ar- my of volunteers will be toiling at the task of properly executing Old Man Gloom. Zozobra's puppet strings are sturdy ropes. It takes a squad of men dashing back and forth at the end of them to produce an awe- inspiring wave of the giant's arm, to drop his jaw or

roll an eyeball. Other crews man rhe battery of fire- PHOTO ALLA'" L. HORVATH works mortars, the loudspeaker, and carryon the cos- Zozobra bursts into flames! Fireworks explode.' tumed ritual which has become a traditional part of Hundreds of cal' horns are sounded, and Old ]\fan the burning. Directing this well organized melee Gloom is dead! Four days of Fiesta are undenuay, stands Shusrer, engrossed with the job of seeing that the monster he has spent a month to build is promptly reduced to ashes for the edification of the crowd. From backstage, the scene reminds one of a frantic band of Lilliputians besetting a highly-inflammable Gulliver. Strang-e as it seems, Shuster has to rely on reports from the' audience on the apoearance from a distance of the spectacle he created. He has always been ram- redding the production [rom his position "front stave." "But this vear," he says, "J hope I can sit out in Fort Marcy and see for myself how he looks from a distance, After all these years it's about time I got to watch the show from that vantage point." Shuster's friends-and that includes a remarkably large percentage of Santa Fe's 34,000 citizens-will tell you that he was trapped into the gruelling annual task of monster building- strictly through his own fault. Shuster's Zozobras carne in many models-especially in the earlier years-but whether they were bald with sagging jowls or featured ferocious jutting features un- der black fright wigs they were always just the thing to capture Santa Fe's lively imagination. Almost be- fore Shuster and the Fiesta Council knew what was happening, Zozobra had become a Santa Fe t~adition. The "City Different" suddenly found that It could no more have Fiesta de Santa Fe without Zozobra than Boston could celebrate Patriot's Day without fife ~nd drum. Nor, it seemed, could there be ZOlobra WIth- out Shuster. Twice in years gone by the white-thatch: At least thirty days arc required to construct ed artist attempted to abandon his unsightly creature, Shuster's giant puppet which will be consumed by [ire But it didn't work out. "Each time I felt discouraged in less than t!LiTty minutes, about the way they treated (Continued on Page 28)

NEW M E X leo AUG U S T, 1 9 G 0 27 ,

I

For thirty-four years Zozobra has taken on many different forms and shapes. The giant puppet grew each year until

CON TIN U E D FRO M PAGE 27 my baby:' Shuster explained. "Once, they gave him a head made day £ling featuring comic parades and general fun out of a cardboard cutout fastened to the top of a pole and foolishness. All of this has now evolved into the with some fire wood stacked around its base." hysterical pageant and the pet parade, but the whole The idea for Zozobra started, Shuster recalls, back theme of gaiety prevails instead of staid and often in the middle 1920's. A group of Santa Fe's younger dull and historical fe-enactments. "Somebody had bloods including several from the city's rambunctious been down to Mex ico and had seen a parade there new art colony. felt that the Fiesta Santa Feans had where they carried a figure of Judas and beat it with been celebrating for the past 214 years could be a colored whips, and later burned it. We had our Ju- trifle more lively. das--carried in the parade on a li-tter. And from that "We arranged to hold a street dance on the Plaza the idea developed to build an effigy to be burned at hut the people in charge weren't too enthusiastic about Fiesta." The first Zozobra arose in what was then a the idea:' Shuster remembered. "The band played vacant lot behind the fire station-a likely spot in 'Custer's Last Stand,' or something about as bad most view of the incendiary nature of the project. It was of the evening and nobody was very happy about it." a modest beginning. with a crew of five handling the And so an event known as "EI Pasa Tiempo" came "execution" and the audience consisting of the part~c- into being. Shuster recalled the rebellious ones held ipanrs themselves and the few idly curious who will the first one in October after the 1926 Flesta_a one- collect to see anything burn. "Gustave Baumann (an- other prominent Santa Fe artist) made the first head,"

28 NEW MEXICO AUG U S T, 1 9 6 0 IP------

, \

I - ;

abUlit [our years ago iohcn it rcnrhcd its jJfCSC1'Il height of forty feet.SI . IUwtt are SiX. represent{/tives {rum )'ear~' I)(/slo

Fe and his place of execution moved from the obscur- Shuster recalled. "He made it out of a cardboard car- ity of the firehouse lot to Fort Marrv Park. "we still ton and it was far too small for the body. I decided were. burning him tied ~o the stake 'but now we got that next year we would have to put in some work on the Idea of .the .

~ E \\' ill F. X leo • A U Or U s T, ] 0 0 0 29 DR, FRANKENSTEIN SHUSTER CONTINUED FROM PAGE 29

"the year we dropped him." those Indians put on was the most wonderful thing "We always put a snatch block at the bottom of the you ever saw-and it was strictly right off the cuff pole and a block and tackle at the top but this year without any plans or rehearsing." they left off the snatch block. The pole broke and Shuster thumbed through a stack of mementoes dumped all forty feet of him right on the ground, and from Zozobra's past on his studio desk. "Here's a pho- of course it was Friday afternoon, just a few hours tograph I always liked," he said, displaying a glossy before show time." print. The photograph was a closeup of the late Zozobra underwent major surgery for a broken Errol Flynn, swashbuckling hero of motion pictures, arm and various abrasions, a new pole was quickly about to light a fire that would consume one of the erected, a'od the show went on as scheduled. giant puppets made by Shuster. "It was not an actual In all the years since 1926, the show has always 'Zozobra,''' Shuster explained. "They were having gone on, although there was a time or two when it the premier of 'The Santa Fe Trail' here, and many almost didn't. of the stars were here for the event, including Flynn. "Once, and I'll never forget it, when the time came So we built a sort of 'second-cousin' to Zozobra to to touch him off nobody had a match. We had to send celebrate the event." out into the crowd to get something ~o light him The photograph shows Flynn holding the match with," Shuster said. "But, as usual it went off alright." at extreme arm's length - his face contorted with "And then there was the time when we had a t err 0 r and distaste. governmental dignitary "Probably he was afraid up from Mexico to pre- of getting scorched," side over the ceremo- Shuster explained. nies. He was supposed Shuster then returned to make a speech and to his favorite subject- then ceremoniously light his recurrent dream of the powder train to foisting off on someone start the burning of 20- else the job of building zobra. But one of the Santa Fe's traditional "Glooms," the attend. monster and producing ants for the execution, the spectacle of his Rot a Ii ttle careless wi th burning. his torch and set the "I think I'm going to thing off prematurely," get away with it this Shuster said. "I always year. Alex .Jordan has suspected that it W;:IS no been heading the Ki- accident." he aclcled. "A wanis Club committee lot of the Glooms had which helps in the pro- been belting the bottle duction and is a real a little." Even that year good Zozobra hand. So the show went off satis- is George Roy. They factorily, although the can do it." Roy has serv- 1\1e xi can official was ed with Shuster for sev- cheated of his moment eral years as co-director of glory. of the production. Jacques Cartier, Santa After 33 years, all Fe' ballet instructor and Santa Fe knows there well-known performer, Will Shuster is not really the Frankenstein-maker type as has to be a Zozobra. If depicted in the photagraph on page 25. Mike James, the plays an important role vou don't burn Old in the execution of Zo- photographer, talked him into posing for the awesome Man Gloom the aspens zebra. Each year he per- picture, as well as having him pose as he really is above. might not turn their au- forms a dance and su- A genial, smiling artist, he has captured the hearts Of tumn yellow on the pervises the little Santa Feans with his willingness to lend a helping hand mountains and winter Glooms in a "ritualistic" and his seemingly endless vitality. FACING PAGE: His would sur ely bring performance preceding "baby"-Zozobra, or Old Man Gloam_is a yearly terror gloom and doom. And the burning. at the Fiesta in Santa Fe, as he rules over the country- Santa Feans will bet And then there was side until his execution by fire signalling the end of that when Zozobra be- the year when the dan- sadness and four days of [un-makino and lively gaiety. gins taking his massive cers didn't show up. The shape in the National preliminary dancing-a ritual involving a platoon of Guard Armory garage, "Shus" will be there at least as a very interested heavily-costumed Glooms paying homage to Zozobra spectator. was to have been handled that year by a troop per- forming in a Fiesta pageant. And when ZOlobra meets his fearsome demise fill- "But they backed out due to the fire hazard," ing another crop of Santa Fe children with deli~ious Shuster recalled, without apparent bitterness. "Luck- terror and their parents with an unexplainable glee, the odds are good that Shuster will be backstage again, ily the Pueblo Indians were in town for a dancing mlssmg another show. competition of their own. I went over to their en- campment with an interpreter, and found the Gover- Santa Fe ... and Fiesta ... will continue in the nor of the Picuris Pueblo and told him we had decided future as in the past, and there will be Zozobras v.but to give him the honor of lighting the fire. The show Will Shuster will always be a part of the celebration. Big as it is, it's his baby. ENb

30 x e w MEXICO A lJ GUS T. 1 9 6 0