August Krogh's Publications
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Determination of D003 by Capillary Gas Chromatography
Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quím.; vol. 51. (no.2): 325-368. Año. 2020. e-ISSN: 2221-2442. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REWIEW THE FAMOUS FINNISH CHEMIST JOHAN GADOLIN (1760-1852) IN THE LITERATURE BETWEEN THE 19TH AND 21TH CENTURIES El famoso químico finlandés Johan Gadolin (1760-1852) en la literatura entre los siglos XIX y XXI Aleksander Sztejnberga,* a,* Professor Emeritus, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland [email protected] Recibido: 19 de octubre de 2020. Aceptado: 10 de diciembre de 2020. ABSTRACT Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), considered the father of Finnish chemistry, was one of the leading chemists of the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. His life and scientific achievements were described in the literature published between the 19th and 21st centuries. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Gadolin and his research activities, in particular some of his research results, as well as his selected publications. In addition, the names of authors of biographical notes or biographies about Gadolin, published in 1839-2017 are presented. Keywords: J. Gadolin; Analytical chemistry; Yttrium; Chemical elements; Finnland & Sverige – XVIII-XIX centuries RESUMEN Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), considerado el padre de la química finlandesa, fue uno de los principales químicos de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y la primera mitad del XIX. Su vida y sus logros científicos fueron descritos en la literatura publicada entre los siglos XIX y XXI. El propósito de este artículo es familiarizar a los lectores con los acontecimientos importantes en la vida de Gadolin y sus actividades de investigación, en particular algunos de sus resultados de investigación, así como sus publicaciones seleccionadas. -
August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh
August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh LIVES IN SCIENCE Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, Dr. Odont, Dr. phil. Professor Emeritus and Aqjunct Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Florida SPRINGER NEW YORK 1995 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin lbadan Copyright © 1995 by the American Physiological Society Originally published by American Physiological Society in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil. August and Marie Krogh : lives in science by Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4614-7530-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7530-9 1. Krogh, August, 1874-1949. 2. Krogh, Marie, 1874-1943. 3. Physiologists-Denmark-Biography. I. Title. QP26.K76S35 1995 591.1'092-dc20 [B] 94-20655 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface When my father August Krogh died in 1949, 1 was with him in Den mark. My stay in Denmark was prolonged for another two months due to a concussion 1 sustained in an automobile accident, which occurred shortly after his death. -
DMJ.1936.2.1.A02.Young.Pdf (3.644Mb)
DALHOUSIE MEDICAL JOURNAL 5 A Memorable Conference THE HARVARD TERCENTENARY 1636 - 1936 E. GORDON YOUNG, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S.C. OMEONE has said that the most valuable and rarest thing in the world S is a new idea. It is the verdict or the intellectual world of science, of art and of music that progress centres largely about the thoughts ex pressed by the few great minds of the centuries. The work of the scientists of the world has been likened to a great canvas, the subject of which has been chosen by the few and the first bold lines inserted, but the great mass of colour and detail has been supplied by the many faithful apprentices. It was most fitting that the oldest and greatest of American Universities should celebrate its three hundredth birthday in an intellec tual feast and that it should invite to its table as leaders of conversation the greatest minds of the world in those subjects which were proposed for discussion. Harvard.!J.as a magnificent record of intellectual tolerance and its hospitality was open to individuals of all nationalities and all re- ligious and political creeds. To Cambridge thus in the early days of September, 1936, there came, by invitation, a group of about two thousand five hundred American and Canadian scholars to participate in a memorable series of symposia led by a special group of sixty-seven eminent scientists and men of letters from fifteen different countries. These included no fewer than eleven men who had the greatest single distinction in the realms of science and of letters, the Nobel Prize. -
The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Heart: a Historical Review Heart: First Published As 10.1136/Hrt.76.3 Suppl 3.7 on 1 November 1996
Heart (Supplement 3) 1996;76:7-12 7 The renin-angiotensin system and the heart: a historical review Heart: first published as 10.1136/hrt.76.3_Suppl_3.7 on 1 November 1996. Downloaded from Stephen J Cleland, John L Reid Early observations on a possible link effect but was in fact an enzyme. The names between the kidney and the "hypertensin""l and "angiotonin"12 were given cardiovascular system to the pressor substance formed from the renin In 1836 an English clinician Richard Bright substrate by the enzymatic action of renin. observed that patients dying with contracted Subsequently, it was agreed that the term kidneys often had a hard, full pulse and cardiac "angiotensin" would be used to describe this hypertrophy.' In 1889 Brown-Sequard, the substance. During this period the potential for "father" of endocrinology, showed that injec- pathological effects of renin was recognised. tions of extracts from guinea pig testicles were Winternitz described necrotising arteriolar able to produce systemic effects of vigour and lesions in animals which had undergone renal the perception of rejuvenation.2 On this back- artery ligation and also in nephrectomised ani- ground, in 1896 the Finnish physiologist mals which had been given kidney extracts.'3 Robert Tigerstedt and his student Per Finally, the relevance of renal control of blood Bergman began to explore the possibility that pressure in man was described by Young who, kidney extracts from rabbits may have some in 1936, cured a case of malignant hyperten- systemic effects on the cardiovascular system. sion by removing an ischaemic kidney.'4 In 1898 their classic paper was published showing that intravenous injection of these renal extracts exerted a pressor effect. -
100858 AVANCES 26 5Indd
avances en Diabetología Av Diabetol. 2010;26:373-82 Historical perspective From pancreatic extracts to artificial pancreas: history, science and controversies about the discovery of the pancreatic antidiabetic hormone V: The controversy. Who discovered insulin? A. de Leiva-Pérez1, E. Brugués-Brugués1,2, A. de Leiva-Hidalgo1,2,3,4 1Fundación DIABEM. 2Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición e Instituto de Investigación. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. 3Centro de Historia de la Ciencia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 4CIBER-BBN-ISCIII The Nobel Prize controversy were provided by two members of the objection was to making an award on “he- The 1923 Nobel Award Nobel Committee: John Sjöqvist, Profes- resy evidence” from unknown persons or of Physiology or Medicine sor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Hans on statements in the two appraisals, like In April 1923, a total of 57 nominations Christian Jacobaeus, Professor of Internal “it is beyond doubt”, or comments as with merits were reviewed by the Nobel Medicine. Sjökvist arrived to the same ”things that are thought as very possible”; Committee. The examiners concluded conclusion as A. Krogh: the prize should the Assembly should take only verifi able that the discovery of insulin was of funda- be divided between Banting and Macleod. facts. The Committee reconsidered and mental importance. The archives of the Professor Göran Liljstrand was the Secre- reconfirmed its previous recommenda- Karolinska Institute depict that Macleod tary of the Nobel Committee from 1918 to tion. August Krogh was identifi ed as the and Banting were nominated for the fi rst 1960. He was a great friend of August source of the “heresy evidence”; he time in 1923: Banting by G.W. -
Finnish Neuroscience from Past to Present
Received: 2 January 2020 | Revised: 24 January 2020 | Accepted: 28 January 2020 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14693 EDITORIAL Finnish neuroscience from past to present 1 | INTRODUCTION University of Technology (the present Aalto University) was established in 1849. Further multidisciplinary universities Finland is a small Nordic country (population 5.5 million) with faculties of medicine or natural sciences were founded that enjoys a richness and diversity of research activities in- in Turku 1918 and 1920, Tampere 1925, Jyväskylä 1934, cluding those in the neurosciences. In this article, we will Oulu 1958, and Kuopio 1966 (now the University of Eastern briefly review the history of neuroscience in Finland from Finland). its origins such as the studies into the anatomy, pathology During its first century of activity, most of the profes- and physiology of the nervous system—which were recog- sors of medicine in the Royal Academy of Turku had earned nized with the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or their doctorates at the leading Dutch universities. Although Medicine—to later discoveries in clinical, molecular and their teachers included such men as Sylvius and Boerhaave, translational neurosciences and pharmacology. The innova- they did not show any particular interest in neuroscience. tive original research of Finnish investigators on weak mag- Even the extensive thesis “De apoplexia” (1771) written by netic fields in the human brain has led to the development of Johan Haartman (1725–1787), a pupil of Linnaeus, was a advanced imaging techniques. Another area associated with mere compilation of current knowledge. The papers of Evert many recent breakthroughs has been human genetics and the J. -
(Pro)Renin Receptor Ameliorates the Kidney Damage in the Non-Clipped Kidney of Goldblatt Hypertension
Hypertension Research (2011) 34, 289–291 & 2011 The Japanese Society of Hypertension All rights reserved 0916-9636/11 $32.00 www.nature.com/hr COMMENTARY Chronic blockade of the (pro)renin receptor ameliorates the kidney damage in the non-clipped kidney of Goldblatt hypertension Hideyasu Kiyomoto and Kumiko Moriwaki Hypertension Research (2011) 34, 289–291; doi:10.1038/hr.2010.253; published online 23 December 2010 enin was discovered by Robert Tigerstedt tor blockers have been utilized for not only through extracellular signal-regulated kinase R in 1898; since then, the serial enzymes hypertension, but also diabetes nephropathy, (ERK)1/2 stimulation, (pro)renin receptors and peptides involved in the renin-angioten- metabolic syndrome and heart failure in the upregulate inflammatory mediators, such as sin system (RAS) have been discovered and last decade.2 The initial enzymatic action of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1b and tumor investigated in numerous studies. Accumu- the RAS is the conversion of angiotensinogen necrosis factor-a.5–7 Non-proteolytic activa- lated evidence indicates that the RAS has a (ATG) to angiotensin I (AngI) by renin. The tion of prorenin involves a conformational crucial role in regulating the homeostasis of plasma concentration of AngI is only change that results in the unfolding of the circulation and in maintaining blood pressure approximately twice that of AngII, even prosegment without any cleavage. Although through vasoconstriction of the vasculature when the RAS is activated. Surprisingly, the this reversible open conformation has only and the reabsorption of salt and water in the concentration of ATG is approximately 5000- been achieved in vitro under low pH or kidneys. -
Balcomk41251.Pdf (558.9Kb)
Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr. -
Sjögren Catalogue
Post 1 av 3649 Författare Berzelius, Jacob, 1779-1848. TITEL Jac. Berzelius : själfbiografiska anteckningar. PUBLICERAD Stockholm : Kgl vetensk.akad., 1979. PLATSKOD D5:11. Post 2 av 3649 Författare Ericsson, John, 1803-1889. TITEL Contributions to the centennial exhibition / by John Ericsson. PUBLICERAD Stockholm : The Royal Swedish academy of engineering sciences ?[?Ingenjörsvetenskapsakad.?]?, [1976] (Stockholm : Brolin) PLATSKOD Y5:26. PLATSKOD Y5:26. Post 3 av 3649 TITEL Arkiv för botanik / utgivet av Kungl. Svenska vetenskapsakademien. PUBLICERAD Sammanfattad utgivningstid: Stockholm : Norstedt, 1903- 1974 (Stockholm : Kungl. boktr.) PUBLICERAD Uppsala ; Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 1905-1914. PUBLICERAD Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 1915-1959, 1967-1974. PUBLICERAD Stockholm : Norstedt, 1903-1904. Post 4 av 3649 TITEL Årbok. PUBLICERAD Oslo : Universitetsforlaget, 1891-1970. PLATSKOD N5:41-54 & U1:34-105. Post 5 av 3649 Författare Green, George. TITEL An essay on the application of mathematical analysis to the theories of electricity and magnetism. PUBLICERAD Göteborg : S. Ekelöf : Wezäta, 1958 ; ?(?Göteborg : Wezäta.Melin?)? PLATSKOD C3:23. Post 6 av 3649 TITEL Tables annuelles de constantes et données numériques de chimie, de de physique, de biologie et de technologie : Jahrestabellen chemischer, physikalischer, biologischer und technologischer Konstanten und Zahlenwerte. PUBLICERAD Paris : Gauthiers-Villars, 1912-1935. PLATSKOD C5:44. Post 7 av 3649 TITEL Sverige : geografisk, topografisk, statistisk beskrifning / under medverkan av flera författare ; utgifven af Karl Ahlenius ... PUBLICERAD Stockholm : Wahlström & Widstrand, 1908-1924. PLATSKOD X6:29. Post 8 av 3649 Författare Swedenborg, Emanuel, 1688-1772. TITEL Mineralriket : om järnet och de i Europa vanligast vedertagna järnframställningssätten. PUBLICERAD Stockholm, 1923. PLATSKOD Öppen hylla mellan fönstren. Post 9 av 3649 Författare Küster, Friedrich Wilhelm Albert, 1861-1917. -
1548 the Role of the A-Bomb in The
#1548 The role of the A-bomb in the Abomination of Desolation – Pig Abominations, part 13, The Third Temples of Pig Abominations: Niels Bohr was the product of a Christian- Jewish marriage for the purpose of prophetically reflecting the Third Temple marriage of the Christian New Israel (the Body of Americans) with the Jewish new Israel (the Body of Israelis) Niels Bohr had a Christian father and a Jewish mother. Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 7, 1885. His father, Christian Bohr, was a devout Lutheran and was a professor of physiology at the University of Copenhagen. His mother, Ellen Adler Bohr, came from a wealthy Jewish family prominent in Danish banking and parliamentary circles. His brother was Harald Bohr, a mathematician and Olympic soccer player who played on the Danish national team. Key Understanding: Niels Bohr and the Christian-Jewish Christian Bohr marriage. Niels Bohr was the product of a Christian-Jewish marriage for the purpose of prophetically reflecting the Third Temple marriage of the Christian New Israel (the Body of Americans) with the Jewish new Israel (the Body of Israelis), a marriage that Niels Bohr prophetically was tied thoroughly to atomic bombs/nuclear weapons. Matthew 24:15 (KJV) When ye therefore shall see THE ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION [in conjunction with the Third Temple being constructed through the joining together of the Man o’ War ‘Living Stones’ Christian New Israel (the Body of Americans as the Third Temple) and (with) the Man o’ War ‘Living Stones’ Jewish new Israel (the Body -
Krogh's Principle for Musculoskeletal Physiology and Pathology
Journal of Musculoskeletal J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2018; 18(3):284-291 and Neuronal Interactions Perspective Article Krogh’s principle for musculoskeletal physiology and pathology Seth W. Donahue Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, USA Abstract August Krogh was a comparative physiologist who used frogs, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and horses in his research that led to his Nobel Prize on muscle physiology. His idea to choose the most relevant organism to study problems in physiology has become known as Krogh’s principle. Indeed, many important discoveries in physiology have been made using naturally occurring animal models. However, the majority of research today utilizes laboratory mouse and rat models to study problems in physiology. This paper discusses how Krogh’s principle can be invoked in musculoskeletal research as a complementary approach to using standard laboratory rodent models for solving problems in musculoskeletal physiology. This approach may increase our ability to treat musculoskeletal diseases clinically. For example, it has been noted that progress in osteogenesis imperfecta research has been limited by the absence of a naturally occurring animal model. Several examples of naturally occurring animal models are discussed including osteoarthritis and osteosarcoma in dogs, resistance to disuse induced bone and skeletal muscle loss in mammalian hibernators, and bone phenotypic plasticity in fish lacking osteocytes. Many musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) occur naturally in companion animals, which may provide clues on etiology and progression of musculoskeletal diseases and accelerate the development of pharmaceutical therapies for humans. Keywords: Animal Models, Comparative Physiology, Companion Animals, Evolutionary Physiology, Musculoskeletal August Krogh: his research and his principle plant, insect, amphibian, bird, mammal) to study problems in physiology. -
Banting and Best: the Extraordinary Discovery of Insulin
106 Rev Port Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2017;12(1):106-115 Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo www.spedmjournal.com Artigo de Revisão Banting and Best: The Extraordinary Discovery of Insulin Luís Cardosoa,b, Dírcea Rodriguesa,b, Leonor Gomesa,b, Francisco Carrilhoa a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal b Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal INFORMAÇÃO SOBRE O ARTIGO ABSTRACT Historial do artigo: Diabetes was a feared disease that most certainly led to death before insulin discovery. During the first Recebido a XX de XXXX de 201X two decades of the 20th century, several researchers tested pancreatic extracts, but most of them caused Aceite a XX de XXXX de 201X Online a 30 de junho de 2017 toxic reactions impeding human use. On May 1921, Banting, a young surgeon, and Best, a master’s student, started testing the hypothesis that, by ligating the pancreatic ducts to induce atrophy of the exocrine pancreas and minimizing the effect of digestive enzymes, it would be possible to isolate the Keywords: internal secretion of the pancreas. The research took place at the Department of Physiology of the Diabetes Mellitus University of Toronto under supervision of the notorious physiologist John MacLeod. Banting and Insulin/history Best felt several difficulties depancreatising dogs and a couple of weeks after the experiments had Pancreatic Extracts/history begun most of the dogs initially allocated to the project had succumbed to perioperative complications. When they had depancreatised dogs available, they moved to the next phase of the project and prepared pancreatic extracts from ligated atrophied pancreas.