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Archaeological Survey of Southwest Block and Selected Roads and Firebreaks at Camp Maxey, Lamar County, Texas

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Volume 1999 Article 9 1999 Archaeological Survey of Southwest Block and Selected Roads and Firebreaks at Camp Maxey, Lamar County, Texas David L. Nickels [email protected] Lee C. Nordt Center for Archaeological Research Timothy K. Perttula Heritage Research Center, Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] C. Britt Bousman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, [email protected] Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Kristi Miller Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Center for Archaeological Research Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Nickels, David L.; Nordt, Lee C.; Perttula, Timothy K.; Bousman, C. Britt; and Miller, Kristi (1999) "Archaeological Survey of Southwest Block and Selected Roads and Firebreaks at Camp Maxey, Lamar County, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 1999, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.1999.1.9 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1999/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Archaeological Survey of Southwest Block and Selected Roads and Firebreaks at Camp Maxey, Lamar County, Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1999/iss1/9 Archaeological Survey of Southwest Block and Selected Roads and Firebreaks at Camp Maxey, Lamar County, Texas David L. Nickels, Lee C. Nordt, Timothy K. Perttula, C. Britt Bousman, and Kristi Miller Robert J. Hard and C. Britt Bousman Principal Investigators Texas Antiquities Permit No. 2009 ©copyright 1999 Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio Archaeological Survey Report, No. 290 The following information is provided in accordance with the General Rules of Practice and Procedure, Chapter 41.11 (Investigative Reports), Texas Antiquities Committee: 1. Type of investigation: Survey 2. Project name: Camp Maxey 3. County: Lamar 4. Principal investigators: Robert J. Hard and C. Britt Bousman 5. Name and location of sponsoring agency: Texas Army National Guard 6. Texas Antiquities Permit No.: 2009 7. Published by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 N. Loop 1604 W., San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658, 1999 A list of publications offered by the Center for Archaeological Research is available. Call (210) 458-4378; write to the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 N. Loop 1604 W., San Antonio, Texas 78249-0658; e-mail to [email protected]; or visit CARs web site at http://www.csbs.utsa.edu/research/car/index.htm. Abstract In June, July, and September 1998, The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an archaeological survey of approximately 1,000 acres for the Texas Army National Guard (TXARNG) on Camp Maxey, a TXARNG training facility in north-central Lamar County, Texas, under Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Antiquities Code of Texas. The TXARNG had identified the 1,000-acre area for possible impact associated with the construction of firebreaks, road improvements, and subsequent military training with tracked and wheeled vehicles. Thirty archaeological sites were found and documented. Twenty-three sites contained a prehistoric component only, five sites contained a historic component only, and two sites contained both a prehistoric and historic component. Based on the results of the pedestrian survey and limited shovel testing, CAR recommends that the following sites are insignificant and therefore ineligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places or for designation as State Archaeological Landmarks: 41LR149, 41LR150, 41LR151, 41LR169, 41LR171, 41LR172, 41LR173, 41LR174, 41LR176, 41LR178, and 41LR179. CAR recommends that because the significance of the following sites is unknown, the TXARNG either avoid further impact to them, or conduct test excavations to determine their significance: 41LR152, 41LR153, 41LR154, 41LR155, 41LR156, 41LR157, 41LR158, 41LR159, 41LR160, 41LR161, 41LR162, 41LR163, 41LR164, 41LR165, 41LR166, 41LR167, 41LR168, 41LR175, and 41LR177. i Contents Abstract.................................................................................................................................................. i Figures ................................................................................................................................................. iv Tables .................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction by David L. Nickels ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: The Project Area by David L. Nickels ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Chapter 3: Fluvial Geomorphology and Geoarchaeology of Visor Creek by Lee C. Nordt and C. Britt Bousman ............................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 4: Previous Archaeological Research and Historic Context by Timothy K. Perttula ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 5: Background and Research Design for Prehistoric Sites by Timothy K. Perttula ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 6: Background and Research Design for Historic Sites by David L. Nickels ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 7: Methods by David L. Nickels ........................................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 8: Prehistoric Sites and Isolated Finds by David L. Nickels and Timothy K. Perttula ................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 9: Analysis of the Prehistoric Data by Timothy K. Perttula ...................................................................................................................................... 80 Chapter 10: Historic Sites and Isolated Finds by David L. Nickels and Kristi Miller ............................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 11: Analysis of the Historic Data by David L. Nickels ........................................................................................................................................... 93 Chapter 12: Summary and Recommendations by Timothy K. Perttula and David L. Nickels ................................................................................................... 98 References Cited ................................................................................................................................. 99 Appendix A: Artifact Data Table ...................................................................................................... 112 Appendix B: Soil Stratigraphic Descriptions ................................................................................... 116 ii Figures 1-1. Camp Maxey project area, north-central Lamar County.............................................................................. 2 2-1. Various researchers contrasting views on the episodic changes in Texas paleoclimate ............................. 7 3-1. Geomorphic surfaces in southwestern Camp Maxey ................................................................................. 11 3-2. Backhoe trench profiles.............................................................................................................................. 13 6-1. Land ownership in the Camp Maxey area in 1878 .................................................................................... 30 6-2. Rail lines in Lamar County ........................................................................................................................ 31 7-1. Shovel tests and backhoe trenches in alluvium and other areas of high probability for archaeological sites in Area 1 .................................................................................................................. 35 8-1. Archaeological
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