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12 MAKING PREHISTORIC MUSIC by JOANNE SHEEHY HOOVER Research Indicates That the Anasazi Played an Amazing Variety of Instruments, and That Music Played An AA Win 04-05 pg C1-12 11/18/04 1:49 PM Page C1 THE CONSERVANCY TURNS 25 • PREHISTORIC MUSIC • A PASSPORT TO THE PAST americanamerican archaeologyarchaeologyWINTER 2004-05 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 8 No. 4 AA TaleTale ofof ConflictConflict InIn TexasTexas 4444>> $3.95 75752527425274 91765 91765 AA Win 04-05 pg C1-12 11/17/04 1:27 PM Page C2 archaeological tours led by noted scholars superb itineraries, unsurpassed service For the past 30 years, Archaeological Tours has been arranging specialized tours for a discriminating clientele. Our tours feature distinguished scholars who stress the historical, anthropological and archaeological aspects of the areas visited. We offer a unique opportunity for tour participants to see and understand historically important and culturally significant areas of the world. Professor John Henderson in Tikal MAYA SUPERPOWERS SILK ROAD OF CHINA CYPRUS, CRETE & SANTORINI This tour examines the ferocious political struggles This exotic tour traces the fabled Silk Road from Xian to This popular tour examines the maritime civilizations between the Maya superpowers in the Late Classical Kashgar and includes remote Kuqa, famed for the Kizil linking pre- and ancient Greek and Roman cultures with period. At the heart of these struggles was a bitter Thousand Buddha Caves, Ürümqi, and the fascinating the East. After a seven-day tour of Cyprus and a five- antagonism between Tikal in Guatemala and Calakmul Sunday bazaar at Kashgar. We will explore the caravan day exploration of Minoan Crete, we sail to Santorini to in Mexico. New roads will allow us to visit these ancient oasis of Turfan, Dunhuang’s spectacular grottoes of visit Thera and the excavations at Akrotiri. The tour ends cities, as well as Lamanai, the large archaeological sculpture and murals, the Ta’er Tibetan monastery, in Athens, from which we visit the fascinating ancient project at Caracol in Belize, Copan and Edzna and Buddhist caves at Binglingsi, the extraordinary cities Mycenae and Tiryns. Kohunlich in Mexico. The tour also provides opportunities archaeological sites around Xian and Lanzhou’s to experience the still-pristine tropical forest in the Maya excellent museum, ending in Beijing. MAY 22 – JUNE 9, 2005 19 DAYS Led by Prof. Robert Stieglitz, Rutgers University Biosphere Reserves. Our adventure ends in Campeche, a MAY 4 – 25, 2005 22 DAYS UNESCO World Heritage Site. Led by Prof. James Millward, Georgetown University SICILY & SOUTHERN ITALY MARCH 5 – 21, 2005 17 DAYS Touring includes the Byzantine and Norman monuments Led by Prof. Jeffrey Blomster, George Washington U. CHINA’S SACRED LANDSCAPES of Palermo, the Roman Villa in Casale, unique for its 37 with an Optional Yangtze River Cruise NOVEMBER 11 – 27, 2005 rooms floored with exquisite mosaics, Phoenician Motya Led by Prof. John Henderson, Cornell University This very special new tour brings us into the China of and classical Segesta, Selinunte, Agrigento and past ages, its walled cities, vibrant temples and Siracusa — plus, on the mainland, Paestum, Pompeii, GREAT MUSEUMS: Byzantine to Baroque mountain scenery.Visiting three regions, each distinct in Herculaneum and the incredible "Bronzes of Riace." As we travel from Assisi to Venice, this spectacular tour character and landscape, touring includes the ancient MAY 28 – JUNE 13, 2005 17 DAYS temples of Wutaishan and Datong, the Buddhist grottoes will offer a unique opportunity to trace the development Led by Dr. Robert Bianchi, Archaeologist of art and history out of antiquity toward modernity in at Yungang and Tianlongshan, as well as Mount Tai in both the Eastern and Western Christian worlds.The tour Shandong, which offers China’s most sacred peaks and IRELAND begins with four days in Assisi, including a day trip to the enduring shrines to Confucius. Lastly, Hangzhou, long Our new tour explores Ireland’s fascinating prehistoric medieval Cortona. It then continues to Arezzo, Padua a premier spot of beauty, offers us rolling hills, waterways and early Christian sites. Our touring will span thousands and Ravenna, where we will see churches adorned with and peaceful temples and pagodas. The tour ends with of years as we study Neolithic and Bronze Age Shanghai’s exceptional new museum. some of the richest mosaics in Europe. Our tour ends monuments and artifacts, Celtic defensive systems and with three glorious days in Venice. Throughout we will MAY 15 – JUNE 4, 2005 21 DAYS stone forts. Some of the tour highlights include prehistoric experience the sources of visual inspiration for a Led by Prof. Robert Thorp, Washington University Newgrange and Knowth, the dramatic dry-stone fort, Dun Aenghus, on the Aran Island of Inishmore, the Ring of thousand years of art while sampling the food and drink TUNISIA that have enhanced the Italian world since it was the Kerry, fascinating Ogham Stones, the enigmatic carved center of the Roman Republic and Empire. Based in Tunis for four days, we will spend a day at figures on White Island and the museums in Dublin and Phoenician Carthage, and visit Roman Dougga, Thuburbo Belfast. Traditional music and dance performances and MARCH 2 – 13, 2005 12 DAYS Majus and the unique underground Numidian capital at special lectures by local archaeologists and historians will Led by Prof. Ori Z. Soltes, Georgetown University Bulla Regia. We will tour one of the largest Roman sites in enhance this exciting tour. Tunisia at Sbeitla, the Islamic monuments in Kairouan and ANCIENT EGYPT JUNE 30 – JULY 16, 2004 17 DAYS Tunisia’s major Byzantine sites. We will spend two days Specially Designed for Grandparents and Their Led by Dr. Mattanyah Zohar, Hebrew University Grandchildren exploring oases in the Sahara Desert plus Berber troglodyte villages and exotic bazaars. PERU While traveling to the major sites with our scholar, grandparents will be sharing the irreplaceable MAY 20 – JUNE 5, 2005 17 DAYS Our in-depth tour studies the vast Inca Empire that once experience of discovery with their grandchildren. Led by Prof. Pedar Foss, DePauw University reached from Chile to Colombia. Touring begins with Highlights of the tour include a five-day Nile cruise, the Lima’s museums and includes visits to the Moche tombs EASTERN TURKEY of Sipan, Trujillo, the adobe city of Chan Chan and other Great Pyramids and Sphinx, the Egyptian Museum, Remote and unspoiled Eastern Turkey is one of the most coastal sites, plus a flight over the Nazca Lines. Additional Cairo’s Islamic monuments and bazaars, camel rides interesting areas of the country. Our tour features Antakya highlights include Caral, a newly excavated city believed and many other exciting events. Our fun-filled days will (Antioch), Harran, Nemrut Dag, the Armenian and to be 5,000 years old, a four-day visit to Cuzco and the also include special events shared with English- Urartian sites around Lake Van, the Armenian churches of sacred Urubamba Valley and two days at Machu Picchu. speaking Egyptian children and their grandparents. Ani, the Black Sea coast and the Hittite sites of Altintepe, AUGUST 5 – 21, 2005 17 DAYS Karatepe, Alaca Höyük and Hattusa — ending in Ankara. MARCH 9 – 20, 2005 12 DAYS Led by Prof. Daniel H. Sandweiss, University of Maine Led by Prof. Lanny Bell, Brown University MAY 29 – JUNE 17, 2005 20 DAYS ADDITIONAL TOURS MALTA, SARDINIA & CORSICA Led by Dr. Mattanyah Zohar, Hebrew University Libya, Egypt, Japan, Ethiopia, Maritime Turkey, Jordan, This unusual tour will explore the ancient civilizations ETRUSCAN ITALY Mali, Prehistoric Caves of Spain & France...and more. of these three islands. Tour highlights include immense Examining the art and culture of the Etruscan people, we megalithic temples on Malta, Sardinia’s unique will visit the great Etruscan collections in Rome, Florence nuraghes, and the mysterious cult sites on Corsica, as and Bologna and explore the medieval hill towns of well as the ancient remains of the Phoenicians, Perugia, Cortona and Orvieto. Our touring will encompass Romans, Greeks and Crusader knights. The islands’ Etruscan necropolises and cities, including Volterra, wild and beautiful settings and their wonderful cuisines Marzabotto, Chiusi, Sovana, Cerveteri and Tarquinia. will enhance our touring of these archaeological sites. Throughout our tour we will dine on regional specialties MAY 4 – 21, 2005 18 DAYS and enjoy the tranquil settings of these fascinating sites. Led by Dr. Mattanyah Zohar, Hebrew University JUNE 11 – 25, 2005 15 DAYS Led by Prof. Larissa Bonfante, New York University AA Win 04-05 pg C1-12 11/17/04 2:29 PM Page 1 american archaeology a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 8 No. 4 winter 2004-05 COVER FEATURE 20 LIFE UNDER SIEGE BY ELAINE ROBBINS The difficult tale of near constant conflict is being told by the investigation of an 18th-century Spanish presidio in Texas. 12 MAKING PREHISTORIC MUSIC BY JOANNE SHEEHY HOOVER Research indicates that the Anasazi played an amazing variety of instruments, and that music played an important role in their culture. VICKI MARIE SINGER 27 CELEBRATING 25 YEARS OF PRESERVATION BY KATHLEEN BRYANT The Archaeological Conservancy has saved numerous sites since its modest beginnings. 33 RESISTING REMOVAL BY CLIFF TERRY The federal government removed many Native Americans from their lands in the early 19th century. But some Native Americans resisted removal. Archaeologist Mark Schurr is discovering how they did it. 39 A PASSPORT TO THE PAST BY SUSAN G. HAUSER Throughout the country, volunteers are taking part in archaeological investigations as a result of the Forest CHARLOTTE HILL COBB Service’s Passport in Time program. 2 Lay of the Land 44 new acquisition A SITE WITH UNUSUAL POTTERY 3 Letters By preserving the Cary site, the Conservancy will allow 5 Events researchers the opportunity to examine its curious ceramics. In the News 45 new acquisition 7 GALISTEO BASIN SITES DONATED TO THE CONSERVANCY Books Banned at NPS Stores • DNA Northern New Mexico sites may have been part of an extensive From 65,000-Year-Old Hair prehistoric network.
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