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Global Landfill Site- Old Bridge Township Middlesex County, New Jersey

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Global Landfill Site- Old Bridge Township Middlesex County, New Jersey Cultural Resource Investigation Phase IA Report Global Landfill Site- Old Bridge Township Middlesex County, New Jersey Prepared For: TJRS Consultants. Inc. Mv/de Centre II Mack Centre Drive Paramus, New Jersej' Prepared by: Jay R. Cohen, Principal Investigator Carolyn A. Pierce, Co-Principal Investigator EnviroPlan Associate, Inc. P.O. Box 3470 Manchester Road Poughkeepsie, NY 12603 February 1994 Global Landfill Site PhaselA Cultural Resource Investigation Page l TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 3 II. PROJECT SETTING ........................... 5 III. PREHISTORIC OVERVIEW ........ ..8 IV. HISTORIC OVERVIEW ...... 11 V. SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT .......... 13 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............ .............................. .. .19 VII. REFERENCES CITED ............... 20 RESUMES OF KEY PERSONNEL .................................................. APPENDIX A Global Landfill Site Phase JA Cultural Resource Investigation Page 2 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Project location; USGS South Amboy, NJ-NY, Quadrangle...................... 4 2. Site Plan ............................................................. 6 3. Map of the Settled Portions of East Jersey, ca. 1682 -------- -------- —.......... 12 4. 1850 Otley and Keily; Map of Middlesex County, N.J. ........ 15 5. 1861 F.H. Walling; Map of Middlesex County, N.J. ......................................... 16 6. 1876 Everts & Stewart; Map of Middlesex Co. Madison Township ................................................................................................-.VI Global Landfill Site Phase LA Cultural Resource Investigation I. INTRODUCTION EnviroPlan Associates, Inc. (EnviroPlan), conducted a Phase IA cultural resource investigation in conjunction with the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the Global Landfill site. The landfill site is located in the Township of Old Bridge, with a small northern section of the landfill site within the Borough of Sayreville, Middlesex County, New Jersey (Figure 1). The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the differential sensitivity of the Global Landfill area for the presence of cultural resources, as outlined in the January 1988 CERCLA/SARA Environmental Review Manual. This work was conducted under contract to URS Consultants, Inc., Paramus, New Jersey who is performing the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the Global Landfill site for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy (NJDEPE). The project site served as a sanitary landfill from 1968 until 1984. In June of 1988, the Global Landfill site was proposed for inclusion on the USEPA National Priorities List, and in March of 1989, the landfill site was officially placed on the list (URS 1992). The Phase IA cultural resource investigation at the Global Landfill project area was conducted under the supervision of Jay R. Cohen, Principal Investigator, and Ms. Carolyn A. Pierce Co-Principal Investigator. Background research for the project was conducted by Joseph Galezia and Jay Cohen. Lorraine Zeller assisted with the field investigations. Field personnel for this project have completed the Health and Safety Training at Hazardous Materials Sites consistent with the standards set forth under 29 CFR 1910.120 (e)(3). The cultural resource investigations conducted by EnviroPlan conform to the instructions and intents set forth in Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966; and the amended Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties (36 CFR 800). The Archaeologists performing these investigations meet or exceed the minimum qualifications set forth in 36 CFR 66. Neither the Phase IA background research nor the field walkover of the proposed impacted areas identified or located any culturally important prehistoric or historic resources. This report summarizes the results of the current investigations; environmental information; a synthesis of prehistoric and historic cultural developments; a sensitivity assessment; and conclusions and recommendations. SOURCE: DATE: USGS SOUTH AMBOY, NJ-NY 7:5 MIN. SERIES QUADRANGLE Feb-94 Figure 1 PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY: EnviroPlan Associates, Inc. NOT APPLICABLE SITE LOCATION MAP ONE OF NOTES: THE GLOBAL LANDFILL SITE Chazen TOWNSHIP OF OLD BRIDGE North COMPANIES MIDDLESEX CO., NEW JERSEY Global Landfill Site Phase IA Cultural Resource Investigation Page5 II. PROJECT SETTING The Global Landfill site is situated along a tidal marsh within the Cheesequake drainage basin approximately three-quarters of a mile southeast of the intersection of Ernston Road and Route 9 (Figure 1). The study area includes the 58-acre Global landfill, as well as the surrounding surface waters, wetlands, and nearby residential areas. Additionally, there is a 6.5 acre extension, located along the northwest slope of the main fill area (Figure 2). The landfill site is bordered to the northeast, southwest and southeast by wetlands. The actual landfill itself consists of a 51-acre mounded fill area that rises to over 100 feet above the surrounding wetlands. Along the northern portion of the project area, the topography rises up in elevation to a hilly area 50 feet above sea level, forming the base of the western escarpment along the Cheesequake drainage basin. An active 42-inch natural gas transmission pipeline, with a 75 foot right-of-way is located along the northwest slope of the Global landfill. A sandy soil of an unknown thickness covers the landfill mound. Vegetation on the landfill mound consists of tall grasses; which have eroded in places, forming gullies and exposing waste material across the filled areas. Melvins Creek, which flows in a northeasterly direction, transverses the northeast portion of the project area. Melvins Creek in turn flows into Cheesequake Creek, which lies approximately 900 feet to the south of the landfill site. Cheesequake Creek drains into the Raritan Bay approximately 1.5 miles northeast of the landfill site. The Global Landfill site is located on the Inner Coastal Plain Physiographic Province of New Jersey. This area is generally characterized by nearly level topography and gradual changes in elevation. Surficial deposits of the Inner Coastal Plain consist primarily of varied sands, gravels and clays (Wolfe 1977). The bedrock geology underlying the Coastal Plain sediments consist of Precambrian and lower Paleozoic rock. The depth to bedrock throughout the New Jersey Coastal Plain ranges from several feet in the northwest portion of the state to thousands of feet along the ocean USGS 1984). The soil survey of Middlesex County (SCS 1987) has mapped the immediate vicinity of the Global Landfill as underlain by Sulfaquents and Sulfihemists (SU), Psamments (PW), and Evesboro sand (EvD). Sulfaquents and Sulfihemists. frequently flooded (SU). This soil unit consists of level, very poorly drained mineral (Sulfaquents) or organic (Sulfihemists) sediments in tidal marsh areas that are subject to flooding. They occur in tidal flats adjacent to bays and tidal streams. Generally, Sulfaquents have a surface layer of mucky silt loam over a sandy substratum. Sulfihemists are mucky soils that range in thickness from 18 to 60 inches or more but are typically about 24 inches over a sandy substratum. Global Landfill Site Phase IA Cultured Resource Investigation Paamments. waste substratum (PW). This unit consists of excessively drained to well drained sediments that for the most part have been used to cover landfill. The material is generally 2 to 4 feet thick and covers layers of soil and household trash. Evesboro sand. 10-15 percent slopes (EvD). This soil unit is moderately steep and excessively drained. The soil is formed in acid coarse textured Coastal Plain sediments containing small amounts of silt and clay. The soil occurs on upland slopes that are concave and convex. Global Landfill Site Phase IA Cultural Resource Investigation III. PREHISTORIC OVERVIEW This section presents a brief and general overview of the prehistoric cultural sequence in the project region. The prehistoric occupation of the northeast is divided into three sequential cultural periods: Paleoindian, Archaic, and the Woodland. These occupations begin at approximately 10,000 B.C. and conclude in A.D. 1600 when Native Americans came into contact with Euroamerican or were trading for Euromerican goods with other Native American groups. Each of these cultural periods is characterized by essentially different cultural/ecological adaptations employed by Native American populations. Paleoindian Period (10,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.) The earliest occupants of the region, the Paleoindians, are thought to have entered the region by following major drainages from the south and west as the Wisconsinan ice sheet retreated and the vast meltwater lakes subsided. As modern drainage patterns began to establish themselves, pioneer plant communities of park-tundra character gradually spread into the newly ice-free land. Park-tundra is described as a cool grassland habitat with isolated stands of spruce and other minor species. This habitat supported populations of large megafauna (e.g„ mastodon, mammoth, giant beaver, bison) that soon became extinct and others (e.g., caribou, elk, moose, and musk ox) that now dwell in environments far to the north. The people of the Paleoindian period have been characterized as small groups of nomadic hunters who are believed to have subsisted by hunting these late Pleistocene megafauna.
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