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A Biface, Anyone? We’Ll Never Know What Purpose the Clovis Knapper Had in Mind for This Magnificent Preform When He Buried It in Colorado 13,000 Years Ago

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A Biface, Anyone? We’Ll Never Know What Purpose the Clovis Knapper Had in Mind for This Magnificent Preform When He Buried It in Colorado 13,000 Years Ago Volume 22, Number 2 ■ April, 2007 Center for the Study of the First Americans Department of Anthropology Texas A&M University 4352 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-4352 www.centerfirstamericans.com A biface, anyone? We’ll never know what purpose the Clovis knapper had in mind for this magnificent preform when he buried it in Colorado 13,000 years ago. He may have cached it at a location his party routinely visited on hunting trips as a ready supply of toolstone for refurbishing their toolkits. Or it may have been simply too wonderful to use, and so he buried it as a ceremonial offering. Whatever his motive, he buried it so that no one could find it. And no one did, until J. David Kilby, a doctoral candidate at the University of New Mexico. Kilby has studied more than 20 Clovis caches in the West and as far north as Minnesota. Our story on the conclusions he has reached begins on page 13. J. DAVID KILBY he Center for the Study of the First Americans fosters research and public T interest in the Peopling of the Americas. The Center, an integral part of the Department of Anthropology at Texas A&M University, promotes interdisciplinary scholarly dialogue among physical, geological, biological and social scientists. The Mammoth Trumpet, news magazine of the Center, seeks to involve you in the peopling of the Americas by reporting on developments in all pertinent areas of knowledge. Volume 22, Number 2 Center for the Study of the First Americans Department of Anthropology April, 2007 Texas A&M University, 4352 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4352 ISSN 8755-6898 World Wide Web site www.centerfirstamericans.com and http://anthropology.tamu.edu Pleistocene Human Colonization of Beringia 4 A successful partnership in a Pennsylvania Clovis dig An avocational archaeologist teams up with graduate students A Workshop That Really Worked ! at “a textbook Clovis site.” LTHOUGH SCIENTISTS generally Human Colonization of Arctic and Subarc- 8 Recognition long overdue at understand climate and environ- tic Siberia and Beringia, held last Novem- a classic California site mental change during the Last Gla- ber 17–19 at Texas A&M University. Re- The scientist who first dug at Borax Lake discovered a sister Acial Maximum (LGM), the complex dynam- searchers from around the world met to culture of Clovis. His achievement ics of human dispersal across eastern Sibe- discuss key issues concerning population wasn’t recognized in his lifetime. ria, Alaska, and portions of the Yukon and movements throughout Beringia at the end Now the site is a National Northwest Territories—collectively known of the Pleistocene and their implications for Historic Landmark. as Beringia—have eluded precise defini- the settlement of the Americas. Hosted by 13 What Clovis knappers buried tion. A big step in clarifying the picture was the Center for the Study of the First Ameri- Investigating their caches has made at an intensive workshop, Pleistocene cans, the workshop reviewed the current told J. David Kilby a lot about how Clovis people made use of the land and its resources. 18 Extinct human ancestral line found in British Columbia Finally, proof that early Americans were more genetically diverse than is evident from today’s known populations—thanks to help from a local tribe. 16 Remembering Richard Morlan state of knowledge, outlined research priorities, and identified avenues for new research. Sponsored by the International Quaternary Association (INQUA) and the National Science Foundation, the Workshop participants take time out for a group photo in front of workshop was organized by Ted the Sterling Evans Library on the Texas A&M University campus. CHARLOTTE D. PEVNY Goebel, a member of the TAMU fac- 2 Volume 22 ■ Number 2 ulty and Associate Director of CSFA, to cess of Paleolithic settlement.” Accord- reya, Vaughn Bryant, and David “foster international and interdisciplinary ingly the workshop agenda allotted six Carlson. Graduate students from the research on the spread of modern human hours for participants to work in special- Department of Anthropology Jessi populations into northernmost Siberia topic groups, then present their individual Halligan, Tom Jennings, Josh Keene, and Beringia during the late Pleis- findings to all the attendees. Charlotte Pevny, Tim Riley, and tocene—40,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Among the non-presenters who at- Ashley Smallwood shuttled attendees to With this objective in mind, scientists tended the workshop were scientists ac- and from the workshop, to dinner, and on engaged in researching human coloniza- tive in peopling of the Americas research a field trip to visit Buttermilk Creek, a tion above 55° N latitude assembled to including Alan Bryan, Ruth Gruhn, Clovis-age site. participate in the “think tank.” The 23 Andy Hemmings, David Madsen, and presenters from across the continental Dennis Stanford. Also attending were Setting the geographical stage U.S. and Alaska, Russia, France, and TAMU faculty members Sheela Ath- Following a welcome from Ben Crouch, Canada represent 16 different academic institutions, federal agencies, and private firms. Their papers focused on the known paleoenvironmental data from Beringia including reconstructed late-Pleistocene geography, geomorphology, climate, and vegetation, the distribution of archaeo- logical sites, and technological variability. An interdisciplinary and interna- tional event The Mammoth Trumpet (ISSN 8755-6898) is published quarterly by the Center for This remarkable 3-day workshop was in- the Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, tended, says Goebel, to “initiate interna- College Station, TX 77843-4352. Phone (979) 845-4046; fax (979) 845-4070; e-mail tional dialog between various Quaternary [email protected]. Periodical postage paid at College Station, TX 77843-4352 and at specialists—not just archaeologists, but additional mailing offices. also geomorphologists, paleobotantists, POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: and paleontologists.” So that Russian- and Mammoth Trumpet English-speaking researchers could ex- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University 4352 TAMU change ideas effectively, four or five pre- College Station, TX 77843-4352 sentations were given consecutively, followed by a 20-minute discussion period Copyright © 2007 Center for the Study of the First Americans. Permission is hereby given to any non-profit or educational organization or institution to reproduce without where everyone could pose questions and cost any materials from the Mammoth Trumpet so long as they are then distributed at make comments. no more than actual cost. The Center further requests that notification of reproduction Russian archaeologists also had the of materials under these conditions be sent to the Center. Address correspondence to the opportunity to examine firsthand late- editor of Mammoth Trumpet, 2122 Scout Road, Lenoir, NC 28645. Pleistocene materials from the continen- Michael R. Waters Director and General Editor tal U.S.: bifaces, overshot flakes, e-mail: [email protected] wedge-shaped cores, blades, and expedi- Ted Goebel Associate Director and Editor, Current Research in ent tools from the Gault and Buttermilk the Pleistocene Creek sites; casts of Clovis, Goshen, and e-mail: [email protected] Folsom projectile points; casts of numer- James M. Chandler Editor, Mammoth Trumpet ous forms of ivory points, as well as a e-mail: [email protected] bone wrench and ivory atlatl hooks, cour- Laurie Lind Office Manager tesy of Andy Hemmings (Texas Archeo- C & C Wordsmiths Layout and Design logical Research Laboratory, University World Wide Web site http://centerfirstamericans.com of Texas); and casts of artifacts from The Center for the Study of the First Americans is a non-profit organization. Sub- Beringian sites, courtesy of Dennis scription to the Mammoth Trumpet is by membership in the Center. Stanford (Smithsonian Institution). Taking stock of our current base of Mammoth Trumpet, Statement of Our Policy knowledge was only half the mission. An Many years may pass between the time an important discovery is made and the acceptance of research equally important objective of the work- results by the scientific community. To facilitate communication among all parties interested in staying shop was to plot a course through un- abreast of breaking news in First Americans studies, the Mammoth Trumpet, a science news magazine, provides a forum for reporting and discussing new and potentially controversial information important known waters; in Goebel’s words, to to understanding the peopling of the Americas. We encourage submission of articles to the Managing propose new research “that will lead to Editor and letters to the Editor. Views published in the Mammoth Trumpet are the views of recovery of a comprehensive Paleolithic contributors, and do not reflect the views of the editor or Center personnel. record and an understanding of the pro- –Michael R. Waters, Director April ■ 2007 3 Executive Associate Dean for the College of Liberal Arts, Mike Waters (left foreground) and Michael Waters, Direc- heads up a tour of the Butter- tor of CSFA, Gary Haynes milk Creek site. A “walk about” (University of Nevada, Reno), gave workshop participants an the current president of appreciation of the layout of INQUA’s Commission on the area while Waters summa- Palaeoecology and Human rized the 2006 excavation Evolution (PAHE), set the tone season and explained the for the workshop. His paper, stratigraphic sequence at the “INQUA’s Initiative to Explore site. Like Gault,
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