Diseases Affecting Finfish
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WHELKS Scientific Names: Busycon Canaliculatum Busycon Carica
Colloquial Nicknames: Channeled Whelk Knobbed Whelk WHELKS Scientific names: Busycon canaliculatum Busycon carica Field Markings: The shell of open with their strong muscular foot. As both species is yellow-red or soon as the valves open, even the tiniest orange inside and pale gray amount, the whelk wedges in the sharp edge outside. of its shell, inserts the proboscis and Size: Channeled whelk grows up devours the soft body of the clam. to 8 inches long; knobbed whelk Mating occurs by way of internal grows up to 9 inches long and 4.5 inches wide fertilization; sexes are separate. The egg casing of the whelk is a Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms long strand of yellowish, parchment-like disks, resembling a Seasonal Appearance: Year-round necklace - its unique shape is sculpted by the whelk’s foot. Egg cases can be two to three feet long and have 70 to 100 capsules, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND each of which can hold 20 to 100 eggs. Newly hatched channeled BEHAVIORS whelks escape from small holes at the top of each egg case with Whelks are large snails with massive shells. The two most their shells already on. Egg cases are sometimes found along common species in Narragansett Bay are the knobbed whelk the Bay shoreline, washed up with the high tide debris. and the channeled whelk. The knobbed whelk is the largest marine snail in the Bay. It Relationship to People is pear-shaped with a flared outer lip and knobs on the shoulder Both channeled and knobbed whelks scavenge and hunt for of its shell. -
Pathogens Table 2006
Important pathogens and parasites of molluscs Genetic and Pathology Laboratory Pathogen or parasite Host species Host impact Geographical distribution Infection period Diagnostic Cycle Species Group Denmark, Netherland, Incubation period : 3-4 month Ostrea edulis, O. Parasite of oyster haemocytes Throughout the year France, Ireland, Great Britain in infected area. Histology, Bonamia ostreae Protozoan Conchaphila, O. Angasi, O. (=>all the tissues can be invaded). (with a peak in Direct (except Scotland), Italy, tissue imprint, PCR, ISH, Puelchana, Tiostrea chilensis Oyster mortality September) Spain and USA electron microscopy Parasite of oyster haemocytes Throughout the year Histology, tissue imprint, Ostrea angasi, Ostrea Australia, New Zéland, Bonamia exitiosa Protozoan (=>all the tissues can be invaded). (with a peak during PCR, ISH, electron Unknown chilensis, Ostrea edulis Tasmania, Spain (in 2007) Oyster mortality Australian autumn) microscopy Parasites present in connective Histology, tissue imprint, Haplosporidium tissue (mantle, gonads, digestive Protozoan Crassostrea virginica USA, Canada Spring-summer PCR, ISH, electron Unknown costale gland) but not in digestive tubule microscopy epithelia. Mortality in May-June Parasites present in gills, connective tissue. Sporulation only Histology, tissue imprint, Unknown but Haplosporidium Crassostrea virginica, USA, Canada, Japan, Korea, Summer (May until Protozoan in the epithelium of digestive gland smear, PCR, HIS, electron intermediate host is nelsoni Crassostrea gigas France October) in C. virginica, Mortalities in C. microscopy suspected virginica. No mortality in C. gigas Parasite present in connective Haplosporidium Protozoan O. edulis, O. angasi tissue. Sometimes, mortality can France, Netherland, Spain Histology, tissue imprint Unknown armoricanum be observed Ostrea edulis , Tiostrea Spring-summer Histology, tissue imprint, ISH, Intermediate host: Extracellular parasite of the Marteilia refringens Protozoan chilensis, O. -
Determination of the Abundance and Population Structure of Buccinum Undatum in North Wales
Determination of the Abundance and Population Structure of Buccinum undatum in North Wales Zara Turtle Marine Environmental Protection MSc Redacted version September 2014 School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Bangor University Bangor Gwynedd Wales LL57 2DG Declaration This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being currently submitted for any degree. This dissertation is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the M.Sc. in Marine Environmental Protection. The dissertation is the result of my own independent work / investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references and a bibliography is appended. I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be made available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed: Date: 12/09/2014 i Determination of the Abundance and Population Structure of Buccinum undatum in North Wales Zara Turtle Abstract A mark-recapture study and fisheries data analysis for the common whelk, Buccinum undatum, was undertaken for catches on a commercial fishing vessel operating from The fishing location, north Wales, from June-July 2014. Laboratory experiments were conducted on B.undatum to investigate tag retention rates and behavioural responses after being exposed to a number of treatments. Thick rubber bands were found to have a 100 % tag retention rate after four months. Riddling, tagging and air exposure do not affect the behavioural responses of B.undatum. The mark-recapture study was used to estimate population size and movement. 4007 whelks were tagged with thick rubber bands over three tagging events. -
Structure of Protistan Parasites Found in Bivalve Molluscs
W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Books and Book Chapters Virginia Institute of Marine Science 1988 Structure of Protistan Parasites Found in Bivalve Molluscs Frank O. Perkins Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Parasitology Commons American Fisheries Society Special Publication 18:93- 111 , 1988 CC> Copyrighl by !he American Fisheries Sociely 1988 PARASITE MORPHOLOGY, STRATEGY, AND EVOLUTION Structure of Protistan Parasites Found in Bivalve Molluscs 1 FRANK 0. PERKINS Virginia In stitute of Marine Science. School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA Abstral'I.-The literature on the structure of protists parasitizing bivalve molluscs is reviewed, and previously unpubli shed observations of species of class Perkinsea, phylum Haplosporidia, and class Paramyxea are presented. Descriptions are given of the flagellar apparatus of Perkin.His marinus zoospores, the ultrastructure of Perkinsus sp. from the Baltic macoma Maconw balthica, and the development of haplosporosome-like bodies in Haplosporidium nelsoni. The possible origin of stem cells of Marreilia sydneyi from the inner two sporoplasms is discussed. New research efforts are suggested which could help elucidate the phylogenetic interrelationships and taxonomic positions of the various taxa and help in efforts to better understand life cycles of selected species. Studies of the structure of protistan parasites terization of the parasite species, to elucidation of found in bivalve moll uscs have been fruitful to the many parasite life cycles, and to knowledge of morphologist interested in comparative morphol- parasite metabolism. The latter, especially, is ogy, evolu tion, and taxonomy. -
Shellfish Reefs at Risk
SHELLFISH REEFS AT RISK A Global Analysis of Problems and Solutions Michael W. Beck, Robert D. Brumbaugh, Laura Airoldi, Alvar Carranza, Loren D. Coen, Christine Crawford, Omar Defeo, Graham J. Edgar, Boze Hancock, Matthew Kay, Hunter Lenihan, Mark W. Luckenbach, Caitlyn L. Toropova, Guofan Zhang CONTENTS Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ 1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 10 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Condition of Oyster Reefs Globally Across Bays and Ecoregions ............ 14 Regional Summaries of the Condition of Shellfish Reefs ............................ 15 Overview of Threats and Causes of Decline ................................................................ 28 Recommendations for Conservation, Restoration and Management ................ 30 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 36 References ............................................................................................................................. -
Optimization of in Vitro Fertilization Using Cryopreserved Sperm of Crassostrea Angulata and Establishment of a Cryopreservation Protocol for Chamelea Gallina
Ana Luísa Lopes Santos Optimization of in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved sperm of Crassostrea angulata and establishment of a cryopreservation protocol for Chamelea gallina UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIA 2018 Ana Luísa Lopes Santos Optimization of in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved sperm of Crassostrea angulata and establishment of a cryopreservation protocol for Chamelea gallina Thesis for Master Degree in Aquaculture and Fisheries Specialization Aquaculture Thesis supervision by: Professora Doutora Elsa Cabrita, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve Dra Catarina Anjos, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIA 2018 ii “Declaro ser a autora deste trabalho, que é original e inédito. Autores e trabalhos consultados estão devidamente citados no texto e constam da listagem de referências incluída.” ________________________________________________ Ana Luísa Lopes Santos Copyright © “A Universidade do Algarve tem o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicitar este trabalho através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, de o divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor.” iii Eles não sabem, nem sonham, que o sonho comanda a vida, que sempre que um homem sonha o mundo pula e avança como bola colorida entre as mãos de uma criança.” António Gedeão iv This work was supported by VENUS Project (0139_VENUS_5_E) “Estudio Integral de los bancos naturales de moluscos bivalvos en el Golfo de Cádiz para su gestión sostenible y la conservación de sus hábitats asociados”. -
Universidade Do Algarve Biology and Hatchery Production of Chamelea
Universidade do Algarve Biology and hatchery production of Chamelea gallina, Spisula solida and Venerupis corrugata, to support restocking and stock enhancement programs Sandra Maria Duarte Joaquim Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente (Especialidade em Tecnologia de Aquacultura) Trabalho efetuado sob a orientação de: Professor Doutor Luís Manuel Zambujal Chícharo Doutor Miguel José Baptista Gaspar 2013 Universidade do Algarve Biology and hatchery production of Chamelea gallina, Spisula solida and Venerupis corrugata, to support restocking and stock enhancement programs Sandra Maria Duarte Joaquim Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente (Especialidade em Tecnologia de Aquacultura) Trabalho efetuado sob a orientação de: Professor Doutor Luís Manuel Zambujal Chícharo Doutor Miguel José Baptista Gaspar 2013 “Declaro que sou a autora deste trabalho, que é original e inédito. Autores e trabalhos consultados estão devidamente citados no texto e constam da listagem de referências incluída.” “Copyright” A Universidade do Algarve tem o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicitar este trabalho através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, de o divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. i We should take care not to make the intellect our god; it has, of course, powerful muscles, but no personality. Albert Einstein To Íris, Duarte and Vitor. iii Acknowledgements ____________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements PhD research often appears a solitary undertaking. -
Shells Shells Are the Remains of a Group of Animals Called Molluscs
Inspire - Educate – Showcase Shells Shells are the remains of a group of animals called molluscs. Bivalves Molluscs are soft-bodied animals inhabiting marine, land and Bivalves are molluscs made up of two shells joined by a hinge with freshwater habitats. The shells we commonly come across on the interlocking teeth. The shells are usually held together by a tough beach belong to one of two groups of molluscs, either gastropods ligament. These creatures also have a set of two tubes which which have one shell, or bivalves which have two shells. The material sometimes stick out from shell allowing the animal to breathe and making up the shell is secreted by special glands of the animal living feed. within it. Some commonly known bivalves include clams, cockles, mussels, scallops and oysters. Can you think of any others? Oysters and mussels attach themselves to solid objects such as jetty pylons or rocks on the sea floor and filter feed by taking Gastropod = One Shell Bivalve = Two Shells water into one tube and removing the tiny particles of plankton from the water. In contrast, scallops and cockles are moving Particular shell shapes have been adapted to suit the habitat and bivalves and can either swim through the conditions in which the animals live, helping them to survive. The water or pull themselves through the sand wedge shape of a cockle shell allows them to easily burrow into the with their muscular, soft bodies. sand. Ribs, folds and frills on many molluscs help to strengthen the shell and provide extra protection from predators. -
Ambient Concentrations of Selected Organochlorines in Estuaries
Ambient concentrations of selected organochlorines in estuaries Organochlorines Programme Ministry for the Environment June 1999 Authors Sue Scobie Simon J Buckland Howard K Ellis Ray T Salter Organochlorines in New Zealand: Ambient concentrations of selected organochlorines in estuaries Published by Ministry for the Environment PO Box 10-362 Wellington ISBN 0 478 09036 6 First published November 1998 Revised June 1999 Printed on elemental chlorine free 50% recycled paper Foreword People around the world are concerned about organochlorine contaminants in the environment. Research has established that even the most remote regions of the world are affected by these persistent chemicals. Organochlorines, as gases or attached to dust, are transported vast distances by air and ocean currents – they have been found even in polar regions. Organochlorines are stored in body fat and accumulate through the food chain. Even a low concentration of emission to the environment can contribute in the long term to significant risks to the health of animals, including birds, marine mammals and humans. The contaminants of concern include dioxins (by-products of combustion and of some industrial processes), PCBs, and a number of chlorinated pesticides (for example, DDT and dieldrin). These chemicals have not been used in New Zealand for many years. But a number of industrial sites are contaminated, and dioxins continue to be released in small but significant quantities. In view of the international concern, the Government decided that we needed better information on the New Zealand situation. The Ministry for the Environment was asked to establish an Organochlorines Programme to carry out research, assess the data, and to consider management issues such as clean up targets and emission control standards. -
Shellfish Size at Maturity Review
Shellfish Size at Maturity Review Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 American hard-shelled clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Crawfish (Palinurus spp.) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Edible/brown crab (Cancer pagurus) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Grooved carpetshell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Lobster (Homarus gammarus) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) -
Age, Growth, Size at Sexual Maturity and Reproductive Biology of Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus Canaliculatus, in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic
Age, Growth, Size at Sexual Maturity and Reproductive Biology of Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic October 2015 Robert A. Fisher Virginia Institute of Marine Science Virginia Sea Grant-Affiliated Extension (In cooperation with Bernie’s Conchs) Robert A. Fisher Marine Advisory Services Virginia Institute of Marine Science P.O. Box 1346 Gloucester Point, VA 23062 804/684-7168 [email protected] www.vims.edu/adv VIMS Marine Resource Report No. 2015-15 VSG-15-09 Additional copies of this publication are available from: Virginia Sea Grant Communications Virginia Institute of Marine Science P.O. Box 1346 Gloucester Point, VA 23062 804/684-7167 [email protected] Cover Photo: Robert Fisher, VIMS MAS This work is affiliated with the Virginia Sea Grant Program, by NOAA Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, under Grant No. NA10OAR4170085. The views expressed herein do not necessar- ily reflect the views of any of those organizations. Age, Growth, Size at Sexual Maturity and Reproductive Biology of Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Final Report for the Virginia Fishery Resource Grant Program Project 2009-12 Abstract The channeled whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, was habitats, though mixing is observed inshore along shallow sampled from three in-shore commercially harvested waters of continental shelf. Channeled whelks are the resource areas in the US Mid-Atlantic: off Ocean City, focus of commercial fisheries throughout their range (Davis Maryland (OC); Eastern Shore of Virginia (ES); and and Sisson 1988, DiCosimo 1988, Bruce 2006, Fisher and Virginia Beach, Virginia (VB). -
Freshwater Mussels "Do You Mean Muscles?" Actually, We're Talking About Little Animals That Live in the St
Our Mighty River Keepers Freshwater Mussels "Do you mean muscles?" Actually, we're talking about little animals that live in the St. Lawrence River called "freshwater mussels." "Oh, like zebra mussels?" Exactly! Zebra mussels are a non-native and invasive type of freshwater mussel that you may have already heard about. Zebra mussels are from faraway lakes and rivers in Europe and Asia; they travelled here in the ballast of cargo ships. When non-native: not those ships came into the St. Lawrence River, they dumped the originally belonging in a zebra mussels into the water without realizing it. Since then, particular place the zebra mussels have essentially taken over the river. invasive: tending to The freshwater mussels which are indigenous, or native, to the spread harmfully St. Lawrence River, are struggling to keep up with the growing number of invasive zebra mussels. But we'll talk more about ballast: heavy material that, later. (like stones, lead, or even water) placed in the bottom of a ship to For now, let's take a closer look at what it improve its stability means to be a freshwater mussel... indigenous: originally belonging in a particular place How big is a zebra mussel? 1 "What is a mussel?" Let's classify it to find out! We use taxonomy (the study of naming and classifying groups of organisms based on their characteristics) as a way to organize all the organisms of our world inside our minds. Grouping mussels with organisms that are similar can help us answer the question "What KKingdom:ingdom: AAnimalianimalia is a mussel?" Start at the top of our flow chart with the big group called the Kingdom: Animalia (the Latin way to say "animals").