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EMILIO LIMA DO NASCIMENTO.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ APLICAÇÃO DE MODELO DE COLABORAÇÃO APOIADA POR TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO PARA PROJETOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL NA PREFEITURA DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS EMÍLIO LIMA DO NASCIMENTO CURITIBA 2012 EMÍLIO LIMA DO NASCIMENTO APLICAÇÃO DE MODELO DE COLABORAÇÃO APOIADA POR TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO PARA PROJETOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL NA PREFEITURA DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS Projeto de Dissertação apresentado ao Curso de Pós‐ Graduação em Construção Civil, Área de Concentração em Gerenciamento, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Construção Civil. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sergio Scheer Co‐Orientador: Profª. Drª. Maria do Carmo Duarte Freitas CURITIBA 2012 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO EMÍLIO LIMA DO NASCIMENTO APLICAÇÃO DE MODELO DE COLABORAÇÃO APOIADA POR TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO PARA PROJETOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL NA PREFEITURA DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS Projeto de Dissertação aprovado como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Construção Civil pelo Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Construção Civil, Universidade Federal do Paraná, pela seguinte banca examinadora: Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Scheer Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Construção Civil Co‐Orientador: Profa. Dra. Maria do Carmo Duarte Freitas Programa de Pós‐graduação em Engenharia de Produção Prof. Dr. Newton Corrêa de Castilho Junior Departamento de Ciências e Gestão da Informação Curitiba, 2012 RESUMO O desenvolvimento de um empreendimento de Construção Civil torna‐se complexo devido à quantidade de participantes com interesses individuais e com diferentes formas de expressão e interpretação de informações. A abordagem da Colaboração auxilia a definição de objetivos comuns e o comprometimento entre as partes, e a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) atua como estrutura de suporte para os relacionamentos, devido a suas características de apoio à comunicação, representações gráficas e desenvolvimento de projetos. Essa dissertação tem por objetivo aplicar um modelo de Colaboração apoiada por TI no Processo de Projeto de Construção, relacionando os motivos que levam as partes a colaborar, a estrutura necessária e os aspectos da TI que podem servir de suporte. O método usado é a Modelagem, que é composta de uma pesquisa teórica, para definição do constructo adaptado inicial, e um estudo de campo para validação prática, que, para esta pesquisa, foi realizada junto aos Departamentos da Prefeitura Municipal de São José dos Pinhais. Os resultados obtidos apresentam oportunidades de reflexão quanto à gestão colaborativa de projetos públicos e confirmam que aspectos organizacionais e comportamentais são relevantes para entender melhorias geradas por uso de TI por equipes de projeto. ABSTRACT The development of Civil Construction projects became complex because of the amount of participants with individual interests and different ways of information expression and interpretation. The Collaboration approach helps the definition of common goals and the commitment between the parties, and the Information Technology (IT) acts like support structure for that relationships, because of IT features to strength communication, graphic representation and design development. This dissertation has the goal to apply an IT‐ supported Collaboration Model for the Construction Design Process, relating the reasons to parties’ collaboration, the structure needed and the IT aspects for support. The method used is the Modeling, which consists of a theoretical research, for the initial framework adaptation, and a field study for practical validation, which, for this work, was realized in the Departments of São José dos Pinhais city council. The results show opportunities to reflect about collaborative management of public projects and confirm that organizational and comportamental issues are relevant to understand improves generated by TI usage by project teams. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES FIGURA 1 – Modelos de Colaboração ....................................................................................... 17 FIGURA 2 ‐ Método para construção de modelos .................................................................... 73 FIGURA 3 – Exemplo de Mapa de Colaboração........................................................................ 81 FIGURA 4 – Diagrama de Atividades ......................................................................................... 82 FIGURA 5 – Modelo de Colaboração Interorganizacional Apoiada na TI ................................. 85 FIGURA 6 – Atores e abrangência da colaboração no processo de projeto estudado ............ 91 FIGURA 7 – Processo de Desenvolvimento de Projetos do DPROJ .......................................... 92 FIGURA 8 – Ilustrativo dos focos de cada dimensão e de cada ambiente analisado ............. 134 LISTA DE QUADROS QUADRO 1 – Dissertações relacionadas no PPGECC ................................................................ 11 QUADRO 2 ‐ Definições de trabalho ......................................................................................... 18 QUADRO 3 – Etapas de desenvolvimento de um empreendimento de construção civil ........ 20 QUADRO 4 – Evidências de Motivação de acordo com a revisão de literatura ....................... 36 QUADRO 5 – Evidências de Condicionantes de acordo com a revisão de literatura ............... 44 QUADRO 6 ‐ Conceitos de Apoio da TI de acordo com a revisão de literatura ....................... 70 QUADRO 7 – Atividades para a definição do Modelo .............................................................. 77 QUADRO 8 – Instrumento de organização das evidências teóricas para o modelo inicial. ..... 78 QUADRO 9 – Guia da pesquisa teórica ..................................................................................... 79 QUADRO 10 – Exemplo do formulário para identificação de relacionamentos. ..................... 80 QUADRO 11 – Modelo de Colaboração Interorganizacional Apoiada na TI. ........................... 84 QUADRO 12 – Fatores Motivadores do Modelo‐Adaptado ..................................................... 86 QUADRO 13 – Fatores Condicionantes do Modelo‐Adaptado ................................................. 87 QUADRO 14 – Fatores de Apoio da TI do Modelo‐Adaptado .................................................. 88 QUADRO 15 – Projetos e documentos gerados por cada Divisão ........................................... 94 QUADRO 16 – Ferramentas e tipo de informação usada nas Divisões .................................. 104 QUADRO 17 ‐ Evidências dos casos estudados para os Fatores Motivadores do Modelo .... 125 QUADRO 18 ‐ Evidências dos casos estudados para os Fatores Condicionantes do Modelo 125 QUADRO 19 ‐ Evidências dos casos estudados para o Apoio da Tecnologia de Informação no Modelo.................................................................................................................................... 126 QUADRO 20 – Conceitos verificados na Pesquisa de Campo ................................................. 136 SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO ......................................................................................................... 8 1.1. PROBLEMA DE PESQUISA .......................................................................................... 8 1.2. PRESSUPOSTO DA PESQUISA ..................................................................................... 9 1.3. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.1. Objetivo Geral ....................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Objetivos Específicos ............................................................................................ 9 1.4. JUSTIFICATIVA ............................................................................................................ 9 1.4.1. Econômica ............................................................................................................. 9 1.4.2. Tecnológica ......................................................................................................... 10 1.4.3. Relação com o Programa de Pós‐Graduação ..................................................... 11 1.5. ESTRUTURA DA DISSERTAÇÃO ................................................................................ 12 2. COLABORAÇÃO .................................................................................................... 13 2.1. DEFINIÇÃO E EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA ....................................................................... 14 2.2. OPORTUNIDADES DE COLABORAÇÃO NA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL .............................. 19 2.3. COLABORAÇÃO NA GESTÃO DO PROCESSO DE PROJETO ....................................... 23 2.3.1. Processo Sequencial ........................................................................................... 24 2.3.2. Projeto para a Produção ..................................................................................... 25 2.3.3. Coordenação do Processo de Projeto ................................................................ 26 2.3.4. Engenharia Simultânea ....................................................................................... 26 2.3.5. Integrated Project Delivery ................................................................................. 27 2.3.6. Evidências de Colaboração em Projeto .............................................................. 28 2.4. MOTIVADORES PARA A COLABORAÇÃO ................................................................
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