Mesostigmata) Inhabiting Agricultural and Other Plants in Arizona

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Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) Inhabiting Agricultural and Other Plants in Arizona

Item Type text; Book

Authors Tuttle, Donald M.; Muma, Martin H.

Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)

Download date 24/09/2021 18:17:46

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602133 Phytoseiidae (Acarina : Mesostigmata)

Inhabiting

Agricultural and Other Plants

in Arizona

Technical Bulletin 208

Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Arizona Tucson Phytoseiidae (Acarina : Mesostigmata)

Inhabiting Agricultural and Other Plants in Arizona

Donald M. Tuttle' and Martin H. Muma2

INTRODUCTION Chant (1961) showed that Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias -Henriot was capable Predatory mites of the family of controlling Tetranychus (Tetrany- Phytoseiidae inhabit a wide variety of chus) urticae Koch under greenhouse plants including many that are either conditions, and Bravenboer and Dosse important or potentially important to (1962) corroborated these findings agriculture in Arizona. Phytoseiids utilizing Tetranychus (Tetranychus) are also known to be associated with cinnabarinus (Boisduval) as the host. and to feed upon injurious plant feed- Hoyt (1969) found that GaZendromus ing mites of the families Tetranychi- occidentaZis (Nesbitt) limited infes- dae, Tenuipalpidae, and Eriophyidae. tations of Tetranychus (Armenychus) In view of these facts, the authors mcdanieli McGregor on apple trees in list, diagnose and discuss, the plant the Pacific Northwest but had little inhabiting phytoseiids of the state. effect on populations of AcuZus sch- Specific discussions include taxonomic Zechtendali (Nalepa), an alternate and systematic information, biological prey. Muma (1970) reported that a and ecological data, and facts and closely related species, Galendromus conjecture concerning their economic fioridanus (Muma), was capable of importance. natural control of Eotetranychus sex - maculatus (Riley) on Florida citrus Several biological and ecological trees. On the other hand, studies to studies have shown that mites of this evaluate the biological control poten- family are potentially important as tial of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten biotic factors in the natural or bio- produced variable results. Collyer logical control of injurious plant (1958), in insectary experiments de- feeding mites. McMurtry and Scriven termined that T. pyri was capable of in studies on Euseius hibisci (Chant) holding infestations of Panonychus (1964, 1965, 1966, 1966a and 1968) ulmi (Koch) on apple trees in check found this predator fed more readily under certain conditions. Conversely on some species of prey and reduced Chant (1959) reported that T. pyri infestations of Oligonychus (Oligony- was only partly effective in control- chus) punicae (Hirst). McMurtry and ling P. ulmi on apple trees. However, Scriven (1965, 1971) in similar stud- Dosse (1960) corroborated her findings ies found that TyphZodromaZus limoni- that T. pyri controlled P. ulmi on ap- eus (Garman and McGregor) was a larger, ple trees in the absence of insectici- more voracious, more effective predator des and acaricides; Collyer (1964a) than E. hibisci, and was also capable confirmed her earlier experiments that of reducing O. punicae populations. T. pyri controlled P. ulmi under orchard conditions. Herbert (1962) found 'Entomologist, University of Ariz- that T. pyri controlled over- wintering ona, Yuma Branch Station, Yuma, Arizona. populations of Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson3 on apple trees under 2Entomologist Emeritus, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agri- 3Bryobia arborea is a synonym of cultural Sciences, Gainesville, Florida. Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten).

October 1973 21/2M greenhouse conditions. None of these Although the phytoseiids recorded investigations on the biological control here are restricted primarily to those potential of T. pyri mentioned that Her- occupying niches on living agricultural bert (1959), Chant (1960), and Collyer plants, ecological or strata] confinement (1964) had recorded apple rust mites, A. of genera, subgenera, or species -groups schlechtendali and A. fockeui (Nalepa), is evident. Arizona species of Proprio- as alternate, optimal prey for this seiopsis Muma are, with a single excep- phytoseiid and that either absence or tion, found on low-growing perennial presence and abundance of such alternate herbs, annual herbs and grasses. The hosts may have caused for their variable exception is P. solens DeLeon, a member results. Such experimental differences of the arboreal dorsatus-group. It is show the need for carefully controlled probable that these Arizona records rep- intensive and extensive studies of Phy- resent only an upward migration from toseiid food habits prior to biological ground surface debris and leaf mold, the control evaluation studies. stratum normally occupied by the genus. The single known Sonoran species of Muma (1971) reviewed the literature Eharius Muma and Tuttle is found almost on the food habits of Phytoseildae and exclusively on plants of the mint family, summarized the findings at a generic Labiatae, and is most common on hore- level. Although his results should be hound, Marrubium (bourn.) L., and horse considered as preliminary, owing to the mint, Monarda L. Species of the genus often fragmentary, incomplete or incon- Neoseiulus Hughes are most commonly col- clusive data in his and previously lected from low- growing perennial and reported studies, it is evident that annual herbs and grasses with some spe- phytoseiids are not as general in their cies more abundant on grasses and others food habits as previously believed. on herbs. Some of these species are Species of the genus Macroseius Chant, unquestionably migrants from ground sur - Denmark and Baker are unquestionably face litter, their normal niche. Only obligate predators that utilize nema- the fallacis species -group of Neoseiulus todes as optimal food and anoetids as inhabits shrubs and trees. The genus adequate food. Those of the genus Metaseiulus Muma is seemingly confined Phytoscutus Muma are acarid predators. to various arborescent gymnosperms in It is probable that those of the genus high mountain elevations. Common Ari- Anthoseius DeLeon are pollenophagous. zona species of C,alendromus Muma, ap- Species of the genus Euseius Wainstein parently all in the subgenus Menaseius are unquestionably pollenophagous, and Wainstein, inhabit large forbs, shrubs facultative predators on a wide range and trees. Species of the genera Che- of insects and mites. Within the genus laseius Muma and Denmark, Arrenoseius Galendromus Muma, species of the typi- Wainstein, Typhlodromips DeLeon, Typhlo- cal subgenus are known to be obligate dromina Muma, and Berethria, new genus, predators utilizing tetranychids as are not sufficiently common to evaluate optimal food and eriophyids as adequate in Arizona ecologically. However, stu- or survival food, but food habits of dies in other areas have demonstrated species in the subgenus Menaseius that Chelaseius occupies the ground Wainstein are unknown at present. These surface stratum and that Typhlodromips and other findings recorded by Muma and Typhlodromina are arboreal. (1971) indicate that members of phytoseiid species -groups, subgenera and Since the primary objective of this genera, particularly those inhabiting presentation is to identify, delineate similar ecological niches, may also and biologically evaluate phytoseiids of have similar restricted food regimens. potential importance to agricultural

2 production in Arizona the distribution The mites recorded in this study of common species on important and were largely taken with mass -collecting potentially important agricultural techniques. Most specimens were taken crops in the state are presented in by beating identified plant materials Table 1. Galendromus flumenis (Chant) over a screened funnel to the bottom of is by far the most abundant species; which was attached a collecting jar furthermore it is found regularly filled with preservative. Some speci- throughout the state on a large number mens were obtained by field collection of agricultural and other plants. of identified plant material in paper Therefore, it should be subjected to a sacks for later processing over a modi- series of biological and ecological fied Tullgren apparatus (Haarlov 1957). studies to determine its potential as A few individuals were removed from a biological control factor. Although leaves in the laboratory. Collected much less common, other species could mites were mounted in a modified Hoyer's well be studied and evaluated, such as solution on standard microscope slides, Metaseiulus vaZidus (Chant) for its hardened for 48 to 72 hours on a slide potential in the control of pests on drier, and stored horizontally. pines; Metaseiulus nelson (Chant) for a similar potential on junipers; For identification, mites were Galendromus pomoides (Schuster and examined with a phase microscope at Pritchard) for its possible relation magnifications varying from 50x to to Arizona grass and pasture or nut 800x. Body length measurements were production; Galendromus mexicanus for made at 100x magnification and correc- a similar relation to Arizona forestry; ted to the nearest 0.01 mm.; special Neoseiulus setulus (Fox) and N. comita- structure measurements were made at tus DeLeon as possible predators of 800x. Full dorsal and ventral illus- grass, row crop and field crop pests, trations were made at 100x magnifica- and Eharius chergui (Athias -Henriot) to tion, special structure illustrations determine its functional relationship at 400x. to plants of the mint family. The systematics and terminology A knowledge of the species and used here are the same as those utili- populations of Arizona Phytoseiidae is, zed by Muma, Denmark and DeLeon (1970) of basic and paramount importance to and Huma and Johnston (in press). To the biological, ecological and control facilitate use of the keys and under- potential studies discussed above. It standing of the diagnoses and illustra- is also of extreme taxonomic and zoo- tions, the terminology of diagnostic geographic interest. The two new genera characters is summarized in Plate I. and 12 new species described and illus- To avoid needless repetition, the fam- trated herein significantly increase ily and genera are carefully diagnosed taxonomic information on the family. and discussed, and family and generic Furthermore, the included descriptions, characters are not repeated in speci- keys and records of phytoseiids found fic diagnoses and discussions. in the state greatly supplement and complement, for zoogeographers, the With the exception of types which data presented by Schuster and Pritchard are deposited in the United States (1963) for California; Zack (1969), Poe National Museum, Washington, D. C., and and Enns (1969) and Poe (1970) for Mis- some paratypes which are deposited in souri; Muma, Denmark and DeLeon (1971) the United States National Museum, in for Florida and Muma and Johnston (in the Museum of comparative Zoology, Har- press) for Ohio. Altogether 10 genera vard University, Cambridge, Massachu- and 38 species are now known to occur setts, and in the arthropod collections in the Sonoran Desert and adjacent of the Florida Department of Agriculture, mountains of Arizona. Division of Plant Industry, Entomology

3 Tabla 1. Distribution of common on phytoseiids important and potentially important agricultural crops in Arizona.

Species of Phytoseiida P. E. N. N. N. N. N. M. M. Area asetus G. G. C. Crop charqui comitatus gracllis setulus vallis zwoelferi validus nelsoni flumenis mexicanos pomwides

Alfalfa X X X X X X X Apple X Bermudagrass X X X Carrot X Irrigation Citrus X Cotton X X Fig X Peanut X X Sorghum X X X Sunflower* X

Number of specimens 55 44 33 29 19 4 52

Barley X X Brome X X Fingergrass X Fountaingrass .X X Low Galleta X X Desert Gramagresa X X X X Muhlygrass X X Ryegrass X X X X Three- awngrass X X Joint -fir X X

Number of specimens 3 49 17 82 58 19 147 4 10

Ash X Bluegrass X Bristlegrass X X Canarygrass X High Chicory* X Desert Gramagrass X X X X Muhlygrass X X Needlegrase X Paniçum X Squitrel- tailgrase X Three- awngraas X X X

Number of 2 54 17 specimens 47 24 98 3 14

Cypress X Pinyon- Horehound* X X Juniper Juniper X X Mint X X X Pine X

Number of specimens 81 16 1 22 47 79

Ash X Basswood X Maple X X X Mountain Oak X Pine X Sycamore X Walnut X Willow X X

Number of specimens 2 29 92 11 li

Total number of 55 86 147 69 specimens 174 78 69 29 47 468 18 39 *Potential crop plant Section, Gainesville, Florida, all of at the University of Arizona, Agricul- the specimens recorded in this study tural Experiment Station, Yuma Branch are deposited in the mite collections Station, Yuma, Arizona.

FAMILY PHYTOSEIIDAE

Mesostigmatid mites of the mono - pore protected by an anterior membrane gynaspid family Phytoseiidae are of the genital scutum, the genital scu- characterized by a two -tined palpai tum with one pair of lateral setae and apotele, complete chelate chelicerae, more or less truncate posteriorly, a undifferentiated hypostomal setae, a pair of spermathecae that open between smooth or indistinctly serrate epi- the coxae of legs III and IV, a quadrate, stome (tectum of some authors), a qua- elongate or pentagonal ventrianal scutum drate sternum with 2 to 5 pairs of lat- provided with 1 to 5 pairs of preanal eral setae and 1 to 3 pairs of lateral setae in addition to the para -anal and pores, an entire or transversely divi- postanal setae, 1 to 5 pairs of ventro- ded dorsal scutum provided with less lateral setae and a pair of caudal than 24 pairs of setae, 1 to 3 pairs setae. Males have cheliceral spermato- of sublateral setae, peritremes extend- dactyls, the genital pore protected by ing anteriorly from the mesolateral the anterior margin of the sternal scu- stigmata, a ventral anus, and cursorial tum, a shield -shaped ventrianal scutum type legs provided with pretarsi and provided with 3 to 6 pairs of preanal ambulacra. Females have the genital setae and one pair of caudal setae.

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES (2) AND GENERA (10) OF PHYTOSEIIDAE

FOUND IN ARIZONA (Females)

1. Four pairs of lateral setae well 2. Three pairs of dorsal setae; anterior to D3; 4 or 5 pairs of peritremal scutum with an ectal dorsal setae; discrete usually strip that extends posteriorly to well- sclerotized ventral scuta; leg IV exopodal scutum medium -sized phytoseiids (body Genus Proprioseiopsis Muma length 260p to 460p - mean 340p) 2a. Four or 5 pairs of dorsal setae; that feed on insects, mites and peritremal scutum without an ectal pollen in and on ground surface strip extending posteriorly to leg litter, stored products, and IV exopodal 3 plants scutum Subfamily Amblyseiinae 2 3. Five pairs of dorsal setae; ventrianal scutum massive, much wider la. Five pairs of lateral setae well than expanded genital scutum anterior to D3; 4 pairs of dorsal Genus setae; ventral scuta frequently Arrenoseius Wainstein weakly -sclerotized and obscure; 3a. Four pairs of dorsal setae; ven- small phytoseiids (body length trianal scutum normal, narrower or 200p to 430p - mean 3100 that only slightly wider than normal, feed on mites, pollen, and leaf truncate genital scutum 4 hairs on plants Subfamily Phytoseiinae 7

5 4. Sublateral setae on dorsal scutum; 1 Genus rleoseiulus Hughes

ventrianal scutum with 1 or 2 7. Sternum entire and with 3 pairs of pairs of preanal setae; peritreme setae; ventrianal scutum penta- short, not extending forward beyond gonal and with 4 pairs of preanal leg III; chelicerae essentially setae; spermathecae saccular with edentate U- shaped valve Genus Eharius, new genus Genus Berethria, new genus 4a. Sublateral setae not on dorsal scu- 7a. Sternum fragmented at posterior - tum; ventrianal scutum with 3 pairs ectal angles into an additional of preanal setae; peritreme long, pair of metasternal scuta which extending forward to or beyond leg may be adjacent to or separated I; chelicerae distinctly dentate-- - from sternum but sternum with 2 5 pairs of setae (exception T.

5. Chelicerae massive; leg I with gramina 8 erect tarsal seta; M3, Ll, L4 and 8. Eight pairs of lateral setae; 2 L8 elongate and whip -like pairs of sublateral setae --Genus Chelaseius Muma and Denmark Genus TyphZodromina Muma

5a. Chelicerae small to normal; leg I 8a. Nine pairs of lateral setae; 1 without erect tarsal seta; M3, Ll, pair of sublateral setae 9 L4 and L8 not elongate and whip- like 6 9. Ventrianal scutum vase- shaped with 3 pairs of preanal setae; species 6. Sternum as wide as or wider than found on montane gymnosperms long; macrosetae present on legs Metaseiulus Muma III and 11 and sometimes on leg t -- Genus TyphZodromips DeLeon 9a. Ventrianal scutum variable with 4 pairs of preanal setae; species 6a. Sternum longer than wide; macrose- ubiquitous GaZendromus Muma tae not present on legs III, II or

SUBFAMILY AMBLYSEIINAE MUMA

Amblyseiinae Muma, 1961:273; Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:225; Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:22.

Phytoseiinae Berlese, Chant, 1965:359 (in part).

Phytoseiidae with an undivided TYPE GENUS: Amblyseius Berlese, dorsal scutum, 2 to 5 pairs of dorsal 1915. setae, 1 to 3 pairs of median setae, 3 or 4 pairs of lateral setae well ante- DIAGNOSIS: Medium -sized phyto- rior to D3, normally 7 or 8 total; 1 to seiids, usually with undivided dorsal 3 pairs of sublateral setae on females; scutum, and 3 or 4, usually 4, pairs of

1 to 3 pairs of preanal ventrianal anterior lateral setae well anterior to setae; 3 to 5 pairs of ventrolateral D3. setae; and 1 to 3 macrosetae on leg IV. Males have fragmented or entire ventri- DISCUSSION: In this subfamily the anal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of ven- sternal scuta have 2 pairs of laterally trianal setae, and usually 2 pairs of located, distinctively reinforced pores. sublateral setae with both on the dorsal Since they are always present these pores scutum. have been omitted from the illustrations of species of this subfamily.

6 Dorsal scutal pores also have been (Numa) and P. gracilisetae (Muma). Sge largely omitted from Amblyseiinae illus- II and Sge III present on some species. trations. A few unusually large or All species have Sge IV, Sti IV, and St otherwise distinctive pores have been IV. indicated, but small or indistinct pores have been omitted purposely to avoid Males smaller than females but errors. Many, if not all, dorsal scu- otherwise similar. Spermatodactyl of tal setae on Amblyseiinae have associated usual form with foot terminal and heel pores, but they are indistinct or invisi- and lateral process obscure to dis- ble on certain specimens at presently tinct; the lateral process is frequen- obtainable magnifications. tly elongate. Ventrianal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of preanal setae and a pair of preanal pores. GENUS PROPRTOSETOPSTS MUMA TYPE SPECIES: Typhlodromus Proprioseiopsis Muma, 1961:277 (type (Amblyseius) terrestris Chant, 1959, by only); Muma and Denmark, 1968:231; designation (Muma 1961). Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:32. DISCUSSION: This genus includes Amblyseiulus Muma, 1961:278; DeLeon, 1966:83. at least 40 known species, most of which are readily grouped by sperma- Amblyseius Berlese, Schuster and thecal shape and dorsal setal length. Pritchard, 1963:255 (in part); Two unusual species are recognized: Chant, 1965:371 (in part). P. macrosetae (Muma) lacks the ectal peritremal scutal strip, has a unique

DIAGNOSIS: Females are characteri- spermatheca, and leg 1 is much longer zed by 3 pairs of dorsal setae, 3 pairs than usual and is provided with macro - of median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae; P. gracilisetae (Muma) has setae, some elongate and weakly plumose; elongate macrosetae on all legs and an 2 pairs of sublateral setae on the unusual poculiform spermatheca. interscutal membrane; 3 pairs of sternal setae; 3 pairs of preanal setae. Most species of Proprioseiopsis are found in ground surface litter or Dorsal scutum well -sclerotized and on grass, herbs, or vines; but the usually smooth except for indistinct lu- dorsatus- group, which includes 5 species nate areas on most species. Sternal with several Amblyseius -like characters, scutum as wide or wider than long with is arboreal. straight or concave posterior margin; most species have the sternum creased This genus is worldwide in distri- to reticulate. Ventrianal scutum bution. Nine species have been collected shield- shaped to pentagonal and creased on plants in Arizona. or reticulate with preanal pores. Peri- treme long, extending forward to or between vertical setae. Peritremal scu- Key to ProprNioseiopsie tum with an ectal strip that extends Muma found on plants in Arizona posteriorly to leg IV exopodal scutum. Chelicerae normal with the fixed fingers (Females) provided with 3 to 14 denticules and the movable fingers with 0 to 4 denticules, Spermathecae poculiform or saccu-

Leg formula usually 1423 with leg 1 lar; leg 1 without genual macro - slightly to distinctly longer but with- 'seta or erect tarsal seta------out macrosetae, except on P. macrosetae 2

7 la. Spermathecae broadly fundibuliform 7a. L3 at least half as long as L2;

with elongate atrium; leg 1 with spermathecae not strongly flared genual macroseta and erect tarsal internally 8 seta; preanal pores located behind 8. M2 and L5 elongate and much longer posterior preanal setae than L6 and L7 P. solens (DeLeon) P. circulus, new species 2. Spermathecae poculiform with short 8a. M2 and 15 elongate but subequal nodular atrium; legs II and III with L6 and L7 --P. rotundus (Muma) with genual macroseta clausae -group 3

2a. Spermathecae saccular with elon- Proprioseiopsis asetus (Chant) gate atrium; legs II and III with Plate II or without genual macroseta 5

3. L2 only slightly longer than L3; TyphZodromus (Amblyseius) asetus Chant, L4 short; M3 shorter than L8; dor- 1959:50. sal scutum creased laterally; pre - Amblyseiulus asetus, Muma, 1961:278. anal pores ellipitcal and variable in position P. asetus (Chant) Amblyseiulus putncmri, Muma, 1964:16 (misidentification). 3a. L2 2 to 3 times longer than L3; L4 long 4 Amblyseiulus asetus, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:243. 4. Dorsal scutum smooth or clear; metasternal scuta oblate Proprioseiopsis asetus, Muma, Denmark P. temperus Muma and Johnston and DeLeon, 1970:44. 4a. Dorsal scutum imbricate posterior- DIAGNOSIS: This pale brown, ly; metasternal scuta elongate--- - moderately- sclerotized species is dis- P. marrubiae, new species tinguished from other members of the 5. Dorsal setae, Ml and some lateral clausae -group by having the dorsal setae subequal in length; sperma- scutum slightly creased laterally, 14 thecae only slightly longer than short and only slightly longer than Ll, wide P. poculus, new species M3 distinctly shorter than L8, L3 slightly smaller than L2, elongate 5a. Dorsal setae and Ml much shorter slender metasternal scuta, the preanal- than any lateral setae; sperma- pores located between the posterior thecae 1 to 3 times longer than preanal setae, and the spermatodactyl wide rotundus -group 6 L- shaped with the lateral process near 6. L5 much longer than M2; preanal the heel. pores large, elliptical and adjacent P. exopodalis (Kennett) ARIZONA HABITATS: A common species from bermudagrass in southern Arizona 6a. L3 subequal with or only slightly and particularly in Yuma County seed longer than M2; preanal pores fields. It occurs throughout the year small, punctate and widely spaced and is probably more abundant in litter 7 than on the plants. Since several 7. L3 less than half as long as L2; specimens were collected from the stems spermathecae saccular but strongly and leaves it is possible that it could flared internally be a predator of Banks grass mite, P. fragariae (Kennett)

8 Oligonychus (Reckielia) pratensis ARIZONA HABITATS: This species (Banks). Several specimens were also has been taken from Festuca arizonica taken on alfalfa and evening primrose. Vasey, I,upinus kingii Wets., and Gnaphaliwn vrightii Gray in Apache DISCUSSION: The preanal pores on County above 5000 feet during July and Arizona specimens have a tendency to be August. It has also been found on elliptical in shape and variable in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermuda- position but otherwise the species grass) and Burnes crispus L. in Yuma appears to be conspecific with the spe- County from April through November. cies in Florida, Ohio and California. DISCUSSION: Too little is known Since Arizona records are primarily about P. circuZus at this time for an from bermudagrass and since the species evaluation of its biology, ecology or is known to inhabit ground surface lit- biological control potential. ter in other areas it will probably be found to be a common litter species in the state. Nothing is known otherwise Proprioseiopsis exopodalis (Kennett), about the ecology or biology of P. new combination asetus. Although it may be primarily a Plate iI predator of organic matter decomposers it is not improbable that it will be Amblyseius exopodalis Kennett, 1958: found to be a biological control agent Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:250. of agricultural pests on bermudagrass. Typhiodromus (AmbZyseius) exopodalis, Chant, 1959:90. Proprioseiopsis circulus, new species DIAGNOSIS: This species is Plate II readily distinguished from other Arizona species of the rotundus-group by having DIAGNOSIS: Although this species L2 distinctly longer than L3, L5 much is closely related to P. ovatus (Garman), longer than M2, and large distinct pre - P. rotundus (Muma), and P. cannaensis anal pores located between and just (Muma) it is easily distinguished by the behind the posterior preanal setae. It fine, elongate nearly subequal M2 and L5 seems to be closely related to P. which are distinctly longer than L6 and fragariae (Kennett) from which it can L7. When additional specimens become be segregated by its generally shorter available, measurements of spermathecae setae, proportionately narrow sperma- and spermatodactyls may also prove thecae and narrower genital and useful. ventrianal scuta. FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length excluding ARIZONA HABITATS: Nearly all chelicerae, 441u; width 315u. A species specimens were collected from plants at of the rotundus -group characterized in 4000 to 8000 feet from several areas of the key, diagnosis and figures 7 to 10 the state during February, July and on Plate II. August. The various plants included: Ambrosia psiiostachya DC., Bouteloua TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., from fescue, Festuca arizonica Vasey, Brickellia californica (Torr. & Gray) Gray, Big Lake, Arizona, August 4, 1966, by Corydalis aurea Wi11d., Cucurbita D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, foetidissima H. B. K., Cupressus D. C.

9 sempervirens L., Mentha spicata L., ARIZONA HABITATS: All collected ilepeta cataria L., Oenothera hookeri specimens are from curly -leaf dock, Torr. & Gray, Penstemon virgatus Gray, Rumex crispus L., during April at Yuma. Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC., Plantago lanceolata L., litter of Pinus DISCUSSION: This is apparently a ponderosa Lawson, Solidago altissima common litter form in California and L., Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray, and probably occurs in this stratum in Setaria maerostachya H. B. K. Arizona. Our records are not sufficient to evaluate biologically or ecologically. DISCUSSION: Arizona specimens of this species have larger, more elliptical pores than those on the species in Proprioseiopsis marrubiae, California but seem to be conspecific new species with material compared with the type. Plate III

Since this species is found abun- DIAGNOSIS: This species is easily dantly on grasses and herbs in both distinguished from other species of the California and Arizona and has been clausae -group by a combination of three commonly taken from ground surface lit- characters, L2 and L3 slender, L2 dis- ter in California it will probably also tinctly longer than L3, and posterior prove to be a litter form in Arizona. half of dorsal scutum imbricate. SI, It appears to be a montane species but S2, 16 and L7 are all in ventral posi- nothing is known about its biology and tion. It seems to be closely related ecology. It is sufficiently common to to P. temperellus Denmark and Muma and be worthy of biological control specu- P. temperus and but lation and investigation. Muma Johnston neither of these species have imbrication of the dorsal scutum. Proprioseiopsis fragariae (Kennett), FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding new combination chelicerae, 371p; width 231p. A species Plate III of the clausae -group characterized in the key, diagnosis and figures 23, 24 Amblyseius fragariae Kennett, 1958:475. and 26 on Plate III. Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) fragariae, TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype Chant, 1960:89. from horehound, Marrubium vulgare L., Amblyseiuslus fragariae, Muma, 1961:278. Sedona, Arizona, February 28, 1963, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, DIAGNOSIS: This species can be D. C. distinguished from the apparently closely related, P. exopodalis, by ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been generally longer setae, more massive collected from Marrubium vulgare L. (a genital and ventrianal scuta, propor- mint, horehound) at Sedona in February. tionately wider spermatheca, and longer A single specimen was taken on Cynodon lateral process on the spermatodactyl. dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermudagrass) at The same characters can be used to sepa- Tucson in August. rate it from P. rotundus except the latter species has a longer lateral process DISCUSSION: This species is not on the spermatodactyl and M2 and L5 sufficiently common to be evaluated nearly equal in length. biologically and ecologically.

10 Proprioseiopsis poculus, new species longer, more slender spermathecae, comparatively longer lateral process of Plate III the spermatodactyl, and proportionately longer L3 from the closely related P. DIAGNOSIS: This is the second known ovatus (Garman), P. cannaensis (huma) species of the tubulus -group of the genus. and P. circulus, new species. Compara- It is distinguished from P. tubulus (Muma) tive lengths of L2 and L3, and M2 and by the imbricate dorsal scutum except for L5 distinguish it from P. Zindquisti the hexagonal area, the short Ll, L4, M2, (Schuster and Pritchard), P. fragariae and L8, and the more heavily sclerotized (Kennett), and P. (Kennett). spermathecae. The generically important exopodalis ectal strip of the peritremal scutum is ARIZONA HABITATS: P. rotundus faint or absent on this species. occurs on low- growing plants, particularly grasses, from several areas of FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding Arizona from April through September. chelicerae, 360p; width 248p. A species It has been collected on Amorpha fruti- of the tubuaus -group characterized in the cosa L., Aristida adscensionis L., key, diagnosis and figures 28 to 31 on Ambrosia psilostachya DC., Boute loua Plate III. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Bromus arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins, Chenopo- TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype dium leptophyllun Nutt., from western yarrow, Achillea lanulosa Convolvulus arvensis L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Nutt., Greer, Arizona, July 23, 1965, by Pers., Gnaphalium wrightii Gray, Hyme- D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, nopappus Zugens Greene, Hystrix patula D. C. Moench, Lycurus phZeoides H.B.K., Monarda menthaefolia Graham, Plantago ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been taken Zanceolata L., ex sparrow next, ex from a few plants in northern Arizona sticky board during July and August including: Achil- traps, and Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Zea ZanuZosa Nutt., Alopercurus aequatis Hitchcock. Sobol., Houstonia wrightii Gray, Koeleria DISCUSSION: As stated by Muma cristata (L.) Pers., Potentilla hippiana (1964), this species may later prove to Lehm., and Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. be a synonym Don. of P. ovatus. On the other hand Muma and Denmark (1969) have demonstrated that P. rotundus and P. DISCUSSION: This species is not cannaensis are closely related sufficiently common to evaluate biologi- siblings and ovatus may be cally or ecologically. a third sibling as indicated by Muma and Johnston (in press).

This species was described Proprioseiopsis rotundus (Muma) from fescue in Oregon but is common in litter Plate IV in Florida. Although it is recorded here from grasses and low- growing herbs, it Amblyseiulus rotundus Muma, 1961:279. probably invades plants from the litter when food is Proprioseiopsis rotundus, Muma, Denmark scarce in the latter stra- and DeLeon, 1970:36. tum. It is therefore doubtful that it will prove to be of agricultural impor-. tance unless, of it is DIAGNOSIS: This species of the course, found to be a major predator of organisms ovatus -group is distinguished by the that reduce organic materials.

11 Proprioseiopsis solens (DeLeon) much longer than L4 and a much larger pore associated with M3. The lack of Plate IV dorsal scutal imbrication and the relative lengths of and L3, M3 and Amblyseiulus solens DeLeon, 1962:17; Muma, 12 L8, and leg IV macrosetae distinguish 1964:18. it from other species of the clausae- Proprioseiopsis solens, Muma, Denmark and group. DeLeon, 1970:49. ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were DIAGNOSIS: This species is distin- collected in northern Arizona during guished from P. dorsatus (Muma) of the June, July and August from Antennaria dorsatus-group by having the preanal arida E. Nels., Aristida adseensionis pores located behind the posterior pair L., Festuca arizonica Vasey, Helianthus of preanal setae, M3 only slightly longer annuus L., Potentilla hippiana Lehm. than one -half the length of L8, accessory It also occurred on Senecio longilobus pores on the peritremal and stigmatal Benth. at Portal in August. scuta, and a more heavily sclerotized dorsal scutum. It has not been compared DISCUSSION: This species was with P. elongatus (Garman). previously known only from the type collected in Ohio. ARIZONA HABITATS: The only record was from Galium wrightii Gray. it is not sufficiently common to evaluate biologically or ecologically. DISCUSSION: This species may later prove to be synonymous with P. elongatus.

In Florida and Ohio this species is GENUS CHELASEIUS MUMA AND DENMARK relatively common on a number of trees and shrubs and in the litter under these Chelaseius Muma and Denmark, 1968:232, plants. It was also taken in can traps Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:59. in Florida. Since it is not common in Arizona it is possible that the species DIAGNOSIS: Females of this genus is not well adapted to desert or moun- are characterized by 4 pairs of dorsal tain habitats. Food habits and other setae, 3 pairs of median setae, 8 pairs biological data are not available for the of lateral setae with some elongate and species. whip -like; 2 pairs of sublateral setae on the interscutal membrane; 3 pairs of sternal setae; 3 pairs of preanal ven- Proprioseiopsis temperus trianal setae. Muma and Johnston The dorsal scutum is lightly to Plate IV moderately sclerotized and smooth except for indistinct lunate areas. Sternal Proprioseiopsis temperus Muma and scutum smooth except for lateral creases Johnston, (in press). and wider than long. Ventrianal scutum pentagonal. Peritreme long, extending DIAGNOSIS: This species is closely forward to between vertical setae. Peri- related to P. temperellus (Denmark and tremal and stigmatal scuta indisting- Muma) in the clausae-group of the genus. uishable. Chelicerae very large in pro- It is distinguished from that species by portion to the body size; fixed finger having the preanal pores located behind with 2 to 4 denticules, and a basal the posterior preanal setae, 12 more piZus dentilis; movable finger with no than 3 times as long as L3, M3, and L8

12 denticules. Leg formula 1423; legs I, Amblyseiopsis floridanus Muma, 1955a:264. IIi with macroseta on genu, iI, and Amblyseius floridanus, Athias -Henriot, leg 1 with an erect seta on tarsus, 1958:33; Muma, Metz and Farrier, IV with Sge IV, Sti IV, and St and leg 1967:202. IV with Sge IV always longest. Typhiodromus (Amblyseius) floridanus, Males are smaller than females, Chant, 1959:85. with but similar. Spermatodactyl Amblyseius (Amblyseius) floridanus, heel, and terminal foot, obscure Muma, 1961:287, Muma, 1964:22. distinct lateral process; the tip of the toe is brightly lighted under CheZaseius floridanus, Muma and Denmark, phase microscopy. Ventrianal scutum 1968 :233; Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, with 3 pairs of preanal ventrianal 1970:59; Muma and Johnston (in setae and a pair of pores. Both press). pairs of sublateral setae on the dorsal scutum. DIAGNOSIS: This moderately - sclerotized, pale brown species resem- TYPE SPECIES: Amblyseiopsis bles C. vicinus (Muma) from which it floridanus Muma, 1955, by designation is distinguished by its large size, (Muma and Denmark )968). longer M3 and L8, shorter wider spermathecae and small spermadactyl toe. DISCUSSION: This genus presently Since no other species of the genus is contains 5 species C. floridanus known to occur in Arizona the generic

(Muma) , C. vicinus (Muma) , C. austreZ- characters should serve to identify it Zus (Athias -Henriot), C. schusterellus here. (Athias -Henriot), and an undescribed Species from forest litter in South ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were Carolina. CheZaseius is closely collected during August from Echino- related to Amblyseius Berlese from cereus triglochidiatus Engelm. in which it is readily distinguished by Yavapai County and at Portal on Gaura the large, sparsely dentate chelicerae, gracilis i400t. E. Stand]. and Senecio basal pilus dentilis, and terminal sp. foot of the spermatodactyl. DISCUSSION: Since this species This genus is worldwide in dis- is reportedly common in leaf mold and tribution. it is recorded from ground surface litter in Florida (Muma Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Cali- 1964 and 1968, and Muma, Denmark and fornia, and now Arizona in the United DeLeon 1970), and California (Schuster Pritchard Arizona States. Only 1 species is known from and 1963), the Arizona. records from plants unquestionably represent vertical movement of the All species have been collected species owing to population pressure or primarily from forest floor litter, food scarcity. Muma (1964) noted a so the food habits are unknown. How- similar movement in citrus groves. ever, the large chelicerae suggest Although its food habits are presently that members of the genus feed on unknown there can be no question that large or hard -bodied arthropods. it preys upon litter reducing organisms and may be ecologically important with the stratum. CheZaseius floridanus (Muma Plate V

13 GENUS EHARIUS, new genus TYPE SPECIES: Amblyseius chergui Athias -Henriot, 1960, by monotypy. Amblyseius, Athias- Henriot, 1960:239; Wainstein, 1962:14 Chant, 1965:371; DISCUSSION: This genus contains Athias -Henriot, 1966:223; Van der only one tiny, distinctive species. Merwe, 1968:109. (in part) Both Muma (1961) and Muma and Denmark (1968) overlooked this genus in their DIAGNOSIS: Females are character- generic treatments of the family. ized by 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 3 pairs of median setae; 7 pairs of lateral setae The type species of the genus, (seta normally associated with M3 absent) described from Algiers in North Africa, with only 18 weakly plumose; 2 pairs of is here recorded from the Sonoran des- sublateral setae on the dorsal scutum, 2 ert in Arizona, and from the Great Basin pairs of sternal setae (third'pair on as- Desert in Utah. sociated platelets); a variable inconsis- tent number (1, 2, or 3 paired or unpaired) Most of the specimens collected of preanal setae; 2 to 4 pairs of ventro- to date have been from the genera lateral setae (depending on number of se- Marrubium (Tourn.) L., and Monarda L. tae on ventrianal scutum); and a pair of of the mint family Labiatae. weakly plumose caudal setae.

Males and females both small and Eharius chergui (Athias -Henriot), eviphiid -like in appearance with the stri- new combination ate and indistinctly lunate dorsal scutum Plate V covering the dorsum and part of the venter; the clunal setae are located on the ven- Amblyseius chergui Athias- Henriot, tral surface. Female sternal scutum stri- 1960 :289; Athias- Henriot, 1966:223. ate, much longer than wide, and medially produced posteriorly. Female genital DIAGNOSIS: Since this is the only scutum striate, large (as wide or wider species in the genus it can be identi- than sternal and ventrianal scuta), and fied by the generic characters. How- somewhat enlarged posteriorly. Female ever, discrepancies between the above ventrianal scutum pentagonal but narrowed description and those of Mme. Athias - anteriorly and provided with a pair of Henriot should be elucidated. The preanal pores. Peritreme wide but short, striations of the dorsal scutum do not not extending anteriorly beyond the coxae extend beyond M3 on most specimens. of leg Ill. Peritremal and stigmata] Most specimens have SI and S2 on the scuta indistinguishable with 1 elliptical ventral extension of the dorsal scutum. and 2 punctate accessory pores. Female Lastly, the sternum is medially produ- metapodal scuta normal. Chelicerae small ced on all specimens we have seen. This and edentate except for 1 to 3 minute species is extremely difficult to mount apical denticules on fixed finger. Leg and observe so artifacts and errors are formula 4123 with legs very short and to be expected in description and illus- stocky; legs without macrosetae. tration. Males are smaller than, but similar ARIZONA HABITATS: A majority of to, females. Ventrianal scutum with 3 the specimens collected in Arizona are or 4 pairs of preanal setae and a pair of from species of the mint family found preanal pores. Sublateral setae on dor- in the pinyon pine -juniper life zone. sal scutum. Spermatodactyl with terminal These and other records were Artemisia foot, distinct heel and distinct lateral frigida Willd., Elymus canadensis L., process.

14 Fraxinus velutina var. glabra Rehder, than long, reticulate and excavated Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook.) Gray, posteriorly. Genital scutum creased ifarrubizvn vu large L., Mentha arvensis and greatly expanded posteriorly. Ven-

L. , ° onarda menthaefoiia Graham, and trianal scutum massive, reticulate,

Phoradendron coryae Tre 1 . shield- shaped and with a pair of pre - anal pores. Peritreme large and exten- It occurred most frequently on ding forward to verticals. Peritremal tlarrubium vulgare L. in northern scutum distinct from stigmata] scutum Arizona during July and August. and extending to leg IV exopodal scutum; accessory pore distinct and round. Che- DISCUSSION: North American repre- licerae normal in size and edentate or sentatives of this species were origin- finely serrate (Chant, 1960a, reported ally thought to be a new species but the fixed finger multidentate). Leg comparisons with paratype and topotype formula 4123; legs I, II, and III with- material from North Africa proved them out macrosetae, leg IV with St IV to be conspecific. distinct.

The unusual restriction of this Males distinctly smaller than genus to species of the mint family is females but otherwise similar. Sublat- an enigma. Predators are usually not eral setae on dorsal scutum. Ventri- host -plant specific. For this reason anal scutum with 3 pairs of preanal food habits, life cycle and life his- setae and a pair of preanal pores. tory studies on this mite may prove to Spermatodactyl of usual form with foot be of great scientific and economic sub -terminal and distinct heel, toe importance. The latter because members and lateral process. of the mint family are already produced agriculturally in some areas for their TYPE SPECIES: Typhlodromus essential oils and may be a potential (Amblyseius) palustris Chant (1960) by agricultural crop in Arizona. designation (Wainstein 1962).

DISCUSSION: This genus is presently known only by the type species. GENUS ARRF,NSSFIUS WAINSTEIN It was described from California and is here recorded from Arizona. Typhiodromus (Amblyseius), Chant, 1960:136. (in part) Most California records are from soil or soil surface litter with Amblyseius, Chant, 1965:371; Van der isola- Merwe, 1968:109. ted records from Prunus domesticus L., and moss. Our records from plants are Arrenoseius Wainstein, 1962:12. probably casual.

DIAGNOSIS: Females are characterized by 5 pairs of dorsal setae; 3 pairs Arrenoseius palustris (Chant) of median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae Plate V (most gradually increasing in length posteriorly), 2 pairs of sublateral setae on Typhiodromus (Amblyseius) palustris the interscutal membrane, 3 pairs of Chant, 1960:136. sternal setae, 3 pairs of ventrianal setae, 3 pairs of ventrolateral setae, Amblyseius palustris, Schuster and and a pair of caudal setae. Pritchard, 1963:237; Van der Merwe, 1968:114. Dorsal scutum well -sclerotized and faintly punctate. Sternal scutum wider Arrenoseius palustris, Wainstein, 1962:12.

15 DIAGNOSIS: Since this is the DIAGNOSIS: Females are charac-

only species of the genus, the generic terized by it pairs of dorsal setae, 3 characters serve to identify it. It pairs of median setae with M3 usually should be noted, however, that both stout and serrate or plumose, 8 pairs Chant (1960a) and Schuster and Pritchard of lateral setae with L8 usually lon- (1963) record the chelicerae as multi - ger than others and stout and serrate dentate; Arizona specimens are edentate or plumose, 2 pairs of sublateral se- or very finely serrate. Our specimens tae on the interscutal memberane, 3 exhibit the same variation in the number pairs of sternal setae, 3 pairs of of D5 as reported by Chant (1960). Also preanal, ventrianal setae. the dorsal scutum is faintly punctate. Chelicerae normal in size in ARIZONA HABITATS: A few. specimens proportion to the body. Fixed finger were collected during July and August of chelicerae usually with 8 or more in Apache County from Lupinus argenteus denticules, several of which lie proxi- Pursh., Polemonium foliosissimum Gray, mal to the pilus dentilis. Sternum as Potentilla fruticosa L., and Sidalcea wide as or wider than long and with a neomexicanus Gray. straight or concave posterior margin. Peritreme long, extending forward to DISCUSSION: Although Chant (1965) or between the vertical setae. Peri- and Van der Merwe (1968) did not believe tremal scutum almost indistinguishably that this species varied sufficiently fused with stigmata] scutum and leg IV from Amblyseius Berlese sensu Zato to exopodal scutum. Ventrianal scutum merit generic status, we believe that pentagonal to shield -shaped. Macrose- it does. A number of characters can be tae are usually present on the genu cited. This species lacks the erect and occasionally on the tibia of legs

tarsal I seta of AmbZyseius; it also I, II, and III; leg IV has Sge IV, Sti lacks macrosetae on legs II and III and IV, and St IV, with the latter usually Sge IV and Sti IV which are consistently longest. Additional elongate, thick- present on Amblyseius, sensu stricto. ened or otherwise modified setae occur furthermore Amblyseius has only 4 pairs on some species. Leg formula 1423 to of dorsal setae; the genital scutum not 1432. expanded posteriorly, a small pentagonal ventrianal scutum and undifferentiated Males are smaller than but simi- peritremal and stigmata] scuta. lar to females, except that the sub - lateral setae are on the dorsal scutum. This species is not sufficiently Ventrianal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of common in either Arizona or California, preanal setae. Spermatodactyl with either on plants or in soil surface typical terminal foot, distinct heel, litter, to warrant biological or and distinct to obscure lateral process. ecological evaluations. TYPE SPECIES: TyphZodromopsis simplicissimus DeLeon, 1959, by designation, DeLeon (1965). GENUS TYPHLODROMIPS DELEON DISCUSSION: This is a large genus Typhlodromopsis DeLeon, 1959a:133 (in represented by at least 50 known spe- part, not typical species). cies. TyphZodromips is most readily distinguished from Typhlodromips DeLeon, 1965:23; Muma, the closely related Neoseiulus Hughes by proportions of 1965:250; DeLeon, 1966:93. the

16 sternum, greater number of cheliceral generally shorter dorsal scutal setae. denticules, and prsence of macrosetae Also L2 and L3 are distinctly shorter on legs I, II, and III. It differs from than LI, and L4, M2 and L5 are short Typhlodromalus Muma in the form of the and leg IV macrosetae St IV are longest. sternal and ventrianal scuta and in the The poculiform spermathecae are also development of the spermatodactyl. distinctive.

There is some variation among the ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens col- species of this genus in peritremal, lected at McNary during July on Populus cheliceral, dorsal setal and leg setal tremuloides Michx. characters. It is also possible that further study will indicate either a DISCUSSION: Since only a few spe- complex of genera, or this genus will cimens of this species have been collec- have to be synonymized with Neoseiulus. ted in Arizona it cannot be evaluated biologically or ecologically. This genus is worldwide in distribution. Three species are recorded from Arizona. Typhlodromips ZateraZis, new species

Plate VI Key to Typhlodromips DIAGNOSIS: The DeLeon inhabiting plants in Arizona strong lateral setae with L2 and L3 only slightly smaller than LI and L4, the lack of 1. Spermathecal cervix poculiform - - --2 macrosetae on leg 1, the location of la. Spermathecal cervix elongate fundi- the preanal ventrianal pores behind buliform; Sti III and St Ill absent the posterior pair of preanal setae, Typhlo- the reduced cheliceral dentition, and dromips tornadus Muma and Johnston the poculiform spermatheca cervix with nodular atrium distinguish 2. Sti III and St III present; dorsal this species scutum distinctly imbricate from all other members of the genus Typhlo- except T. kennetti, from which it is distinguished dromips ZateraZis, new species in the key.

2a. Sti III and St III absent; dorsal FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, exclu- scutum weakly imbricate anteriorly ding chelicerae, 420p; width 308u. A Typhlodromips unique species characterized in the kennetti (Schuster and Pritchard)' key, diagnosis and figures 67 to 71 on Plate VI.

TyphZodromips kennetti (Schuster and TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype Pritchard), new combination was collected from a sedge, Carex simu- MacKenz., Plate VI lata McNary, Arizona, July 24, 1964, by D. M. Tuttle, and deposited in USNM, D. Amblyseius kennetti Schuster and Prit- the Washington, C. chard, 1963:265. ARIZONA HABITATS: This species was collected from Carex DIAGNOSIS: In addition to the cha- simulata MacKenz. at McNary during racters cited in the key above this spe- July. cies is distinguished from other species of the genus by the absence of dentition DISCUSSION: This species is not on the movable cheliceral finger and the sufficiently common to evaluate biologically or ecologically.

17 TUphlodromips tornadus that are subequal in length or in Munia and Johnston general slightly longer posteriorly; 2 pairs of sublateral setae on the Plate VI interscutal membrane; 3 pairs of sternal setae; 3 pairs of preanal T1phZodromips tornadus Munia and Johnston, ventrianal setae. in press.

Chelicerae small in proportion to DIAGNOSIS: Females of this species body size, fixed finger with 4 to 8 are distinguished by the presence of denticules. Sternal scutum as long as macrosetae on the genu of legs I, II and or longer than wide with a straight or III; by having M3 and L8 elongate, plu- concave posterior margin. Peritreme mose and subequal in size; by having the long, extending forward to level of LI preanal, ventrianal pores located behind or vertical setae. Peritremal scutum the widely -spaced posterior preanal indistinguishably fused with stigmata] setae; and by having fundibuliform inter- scutum, but sometimes separated from nally flared spermathecal crevices with the leg IV exopodal scutum by a faint indistinct atria. suture. Ventrianal scutum elongate pentagonal or shield-shaped to nearly Males have the same general facies quadrate. There are no distinguish- as females, 3 pairs of preanal ventri- able macrosetae on legs I, II, and anal setae and a subterminal spermato- III, but St IV is nearly always pre- dactyl with an obscure heel. sent and Sti IV and Sge IV are present on some species. ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were collected in Apache County during July Males are smaller than, but simi- and August from Artemi,sia bi0elovii Gray, lar to, females except that the sub - PopuZus tremuboides Michx., and Salix, lateral setae are on the dorsal scutum. exigua Nutt. Ventrianal scutum with 3 pairs of pre - anal setae. Spermatodactyl of usual DISCUSSION: Males are diagnosed type with a short broad shank, terminal here for the first time. heel or foot, and distinct to obscure lateral process. The males of some This species is uncommon and cannot species- groups have the dorsal scutal be evaluated biologically and ecologi- pore behind 1.4 greatly enlarged. cally. TYPE SPECIES: Neoseiulus harkeri Hughes, 1948, by designation.

GENUS NFOSEIUI1US HUGHES DISCUSSION: This genus, as recognized here, agrees in most repects with Neoseiuius Hughes, 1948:141; DeLeon, the interpretations of Athias -Henriot 1965 :23; Muma and Denmark, 1963 :235. (1957) and DeLeon (1965). Nesbitt T jphlodromus (Typhiodromop sis) DeLeon, (1951) and Chant (1959 and 1965) define 1959a:133 (in part). the genus differently, and their inter- pretation is not recognized here. Muma Cydnodromus Muma, 1961:290; Muma, (1967) and Muma and Denmark (1968) have 1967:273. discussed this problem. DIAGNOSIS: Females are characterized This genus is represented by sev- by 4 pairs of dorsal setae, 3 pairs of eral rather distinct species - groups. A median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae group of semi- arboreal species, including

18 N. fallacis (Garman), umbraticus la. Only St IV present or no macro - (Chant), and cucumeris (Oudemans) have setae; sternum distinctly longer 3 macrosetae on leg IV, sterna scarcely than wide 3 longer than wide and pentagonal ventri- 2. Dorsal setae nearly anal scuta. A group of palm and grass as long as lateral setae; spermathecal atrium inhabiting species, including N. paspa- minute often obscure iivorus (DeLeon) and mutuai (Denmark) N. f al iacis (Garman) have 1 macroseta on leg IV (St IV), sterna much longer than wide, and 2a. Dorsal setae distinctly smaller quadrate ventrianal scuta. than lateral setae; spermathecal atrium distinct and nodular One unique species, N. interfolius N. zweelferi (Dosse) (DeLeon), also has additional, thick- 3. M3 and L8 strongly serrate; sperm - ened, elongate setae on leg IV tibia atheca saccular -fundibuliform and tarsus. Sternum distinctly longer N. (Chant) than wide and a quadrate ventrianal desertus scutum. Another species, N. desertus 3a. M3 and L3 at most weakly plumose, (Chant), has no leg IV macrosetae, usually setiform; cervix variable strongly serrate M3 and L8, sternum not saccular- fundibuliform 4 only slightly longer than wide, and 4. Dorsal scutum smooth or largely elongate vase - shaped ventrianal scutum. so; most dorsal scutal setae subequal in Other species-groups are known length ( setuius group) 5 throughout the world, but they do not occur in Arizona. 4a. Dorsal scutum reticulate or largely so; most dorsal scutal setae This genus includes more than 40 progressively distinctly longer known species. Some live on trees and posteriorly 6 shrubs, others on vines and herbs, and 5 Spermathecal cervix tubular, still others in stored products or in atrium ground surface litter. Thirteen nodular to bifid; all dorsal scutal setae except L8 sub - species are found in Arizona. equal in size; L8 nearly twice length of other setae Nothing is known of the food habits of most species but studies by P. setulus (Fox) Huffaker and Kennett (1956) show that 5a. Spermathecal cervix poculiform; at least two species feed readily on atrium short wide and bifid; M3 plant infesting Tarsonemidae. On the and L8 both nearly twice length of other hand, species similar to the other subequal dorsal scutal setae generotype feed on seed -infesting, N. gracilis (Muma) fungivorous, saprophagous, or injuri- 6. Dorsal scutal reticulation ous insects and mites as indicated by elongate and slender in and Muma (1971). behind dorsal hexagonal area; sternum nearly twice as long as wide; ven- scutum quadrate Key to Neoseiuius Hughes infesting trianal (paspaiivorus- group) 7 Plants in Arizona (Females) 6a. Dorsal scutal reticulation short and wide in and behind dorsal hexagonal area; sternum not more than 1. Sge IV, Sti IV and St IV all pre- 11, times longer than wide; sent; sternum as or nearly as wide ventrianal scutum shield- shaped as long faiiacis -group 2 (comitatus group) 9

19 7. Spermatheca broadly fundibuliform DIAGNOSIS: This species is readi- with an elongate complex atrium; ly recognized by its elongate, slender, major metapodal scuta short and fundibuliform spermathecal cervix and sub -triangular N. distinct, ectally bifid spermathecal vallis (Schuster and Pritchard) atrium. No other southwestern species of the genus has these characters. with a 7a. Spermatheca poculiform Other distinguishing characters include nodular atrium; major metapodal the near lack of cheiiceral dentition scuta long and slender 3 and the crease -like reticulation of the

. Peritremes extending forward to dorsal scutum. vertical setae; accessory pore on stigmata] scutum large and cres- ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were centic; large species collected at Portal in August from ------P1. sporo2 plus, new species P1rthZenbergia longiligula Hitchcock and Pt, rigens (Bentham) Hitchcock. Ra. Peritremes extending forward to stigmatal L1; accessory pore on DISCUSSION: Although both Athias- scutum small and round; small Henriot (1961) and Schuster and Prit- species :J. mumai (Denmark) chard (1963) both report only St (V on 9. Spermathecal cervix poculiform; their specimens, Arizona specimens, stigmatal scutum entire 10 which otherwise appear conspecific, have small distinct Sge IV and Sti IV. Spermathecal cervix tubular or 9a. We have provisionally placed this slender fundibuliform; stigmatal species in the comitatus species-group scutum creased between stigma and of the genus but it may later be moved accessory pore 11 to the fallacis- group. 10. Dorsal setae elongate and slender, nearly as long as most elongate The species is not presently known lateral setae; preanal ventrianal to be common enough on plants in Ari- pores elliptical zona to evaluate biologically. It is N. failacoides, new species reportedly common in ground surface litter in California and may prove to 10a. Dorsal setae small to minute, much be a litter form in Arizona. smaller than most lateral setae; preanal ventrianal pores punctate If the species proves to be common N. comitatus (DeLeon) on muhly, Pluhlenbergia spp., important 11. Ll and L2 much longer than L3; leg forage grasses in Arizona, biological IV with 3 macrosetae and ecological studies should be con- N. aurescens (Athias -Henriot) ducted to determine its biological control potential. lla. L1, L2, L3 and 14 subequal or progressively longer from L1 to L4; leg IV with only St IV Neoseiulus comitatus (DeLeon N. montanus, new species Plate VII

Neose-iulus aurescens (Athias- Henriot) , Cydnodromus comitatus DeLeon, 1962:17. new combination Ambiyseius scyphus Schuster and Prit- Plate VII chard, 1963:274. New synonymy. Neoseiulus comitatus, Muma, Denmark Athias -Henriot, Amblyseius aurescens and DeLeon, 1970:108. 1961:441; Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:261.

20 DIAGNOSIS: This species is readily DISCUSSION: Although no specific distinguished from the closely related biological or ecological studies have N. californicus Schuster and Pritchard been conducted on this species, collec- and N. sporobolus, new species, by its tion records provide some information. larger size, widely- spaced, punctate, The species was described from Andropo- preanal, ventrianal pores, mul.tidentate gon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. in Florida; chelicerae (fixed finger with 4 to 6 California and Ohio records of scyphus denticules), and short, wide, poculiform are largely from grasses; and Arizona spermathecal cervix with a tiny, nodular records of the species are largely from atrium. These same characters, along grasses. It would seem that the species with the weakly plumose M3, L7 and L8, feeds on organisms found on a wide range distinguish it from other Arizona con- of grasses. Further, since the species geners. is common on these host plants in Ari- zona, it may well be a biotic control ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been col - factor on such organisms. Biological lected from a number of grasses in all and ecological studies should be con- but montane areas of Arizona throughout ducted on this mite. the year: Andropogon barbinodis Lag., Aristida pansa Woot. & Standl., Boute - ioua barbata Lag., Bouteloua curtipen- NeoseiuZus desertus (Chant), dula (Michx.) Torr., Bromus arizonicus new combination (Shear) Stebbins. Bromus tectorum L., Plate VII Cenchrus echinatus L., Chloris virgata Swartz, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Typhiodromus Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb., (Amblyseius) desertus Chant, 1957 :294; Chant (1960):76. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Elymus canadensis L., Hilaria rigida Amblyseius desertus, Schuster and (Thurb.) Bentham, Hordeum arizonicum Pritchard, 1963:257. Coyas, Muhlenbergia longiligula Hitchcock, Panicum obtusum Ii.B.K., DIAGNOSIS: The thickened, serrate Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Phalaris condition of M3 and L8, the elongate minor Retz., Setaria macrostachya N.B.K., saccular but tapered spermathecal cer- Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Sorghum vix, the slender (almost vase -shaped) vulgare Pers., Sporobolus contractus reticulate ventrianal scutum and the Hitchcock, and Stipa lettermanii Vasey. lack of St IV distinguish this species from all other members of the genus in It was also taken from the follow- Arizona and elsewhere in the world. ing herbaceous plants: Arachis hypogaea L., Coldenia palmeri Gray, Convolvulus ARIZONA HABITATS: Recorded only arvensis L., Erigeron canadensis L., from Salix exigua Nutt. at Prescott Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & Gray, during August. Helianthus annuus L., Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby, DISCUSSION: This is a unique Malva parviflora L., Medicago sativa species of Neoseiuius meriting a Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britton, special desertus species -group status. Pectis papposa Harv. & Gray, Polygonum argyrocoleon Stead., Potentilla hippiana It is apparently uncommon and Lehm., Rumex crispas L., Trianthema cannot be evaluated biologically and portulacastrum L., Tribulus terrestris ecologically. L., and Tjpha latifolia L.

21 Neoseiuius failacis (Garman) Neoseiuius faiiacoides, new species Plate VIiI Plate VIII

Iphidulus failacis Garman, 1948:13. DIAGNOIS: The elongate dorsal and median setae and Typhiodromus fallacis, Nesbitt, 1951:24. imbricate dorsal scutum seem to relate this species to the Anihijseius failacis, Athias -Henriot, failacis species -group of the genus but 1958:34; Chant and Mansell, the lack of Sge IV and Sti IV indicate 1971:707. a closer relationship with the comita- Typhiodromus (Amhiyscius) fallacis, tus group. It is distinguished by Chant, 1960:74. small (not tiny as in 7. comitatus) delicate poculiform spermathecae and rlrnhiyseius (Typhiodromopsis) fallacis, elongate but shorter and finer dorsal Muma, 1961:287. setae than on N. fallacis. N oseitaus failacis, Muma, Denmark and FEMALE DeLeon, 1970:100; Muma and Johns- HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding ton, in press. chelicerae, 350p; width 161p. A species of the comitatus -group characterized in DIAGNOSIS: A combination of char- the key, diagnosis and figures 96 99 acters is required to distinguish this to on Plate VIII. species from other members of the TYPE fallacis-group of the genus. The elon- LOCALITY: The female holotype from wild ryegrass, gate dorsal setae distinguish it from N. Fl-vus cana - densts L., ticNary, Arizona, July 24, umbraticus (Chant) . Elongate dorsal setae and mesally located preanal pores 1964, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USt1M, Washington, D. distinguish it from N. cucumeris (Oude- C. mans). Elongate dorsal setae, mesally ARIZONA located preanal pores and small nodular HABITATS: It has been found on El jtnus spermathecal atria distinguish it from canadenis L. at McHary in August. N. zwoelferi in Arizona.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Collected only DISCUSSION: This species is known only from from Mentha arvensis L. at Show Low the female sex and is during August. apparently uncommon in Arizona. Noth- ing is known about it bioiogically or DISCUSSION: This and other members ecologically. of the failacis -group of Neoseiuius are known to move freely from the sail sur- L7easeiutus face to herbs, vines, shrubs and trees. gracilis (Muma) Some biological and ecological studies Plate VIIi have been conducted on this mite, (Herbert 1959), (Schuster and Pritchard Cydnadromus graci l is Muma, 1969.:9; 1963), Burrell and McCormick 1964) and Huma, 1964:31. (Poe and Enns 1969) but results to date tlooreiUiUs araciiis, Muma, are probably inconclusive (Muma 1971). Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:104. Since the species is not common DIAGNOSIS: This species is either in Arizona or California it is readily distinguished questionable that it will be of econo- from other members of the setu'Zus group its mic importance to Arizona agriculture. by poculiform spermathecal cervix and short wide

22 bifid atrium. It seems to be separated from the closely related N. aurescens from N. mekenzei (Schuster and Pritchard) by the subterminal nodular atrium, the by the widely spaced ventrianal pores and subequal L1, L2, L3, and L4 and the the form of the metasternal scuta. presence of only St IV.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This is a common FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding species in most areas of Arizona where chelicerae, 350u; width 175u. A species it was collected throughout the year of the comitatus -group characterized in particularly on several grasses and the key, diagnosis and figures 106 to herbs including: Allionia incarnata L., 109 on Plate IX. Aristida adscensionis L., Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash, Boerhaavia sp., TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype Bouteloua barbata Lag., Bouteloua roth- from cinquefoil, Potentilla hippiana rockii Vasey, Brickellia californica Lehm., Flagstaff, Arizona, August 28, (Torr. & Gray) Vasey, Cynodon dact lon 1961, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, (L.) Pers., Erodium cicutarium (L.) Washington, D. C. L'lier., Gossypium hirsutum L., Hetero- theca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. S Rusby, ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were Hymenothrix wislizeni Gray, Lantana ca- collected from Potentilla hippiana Lehm. mara L., Medicago sativa L., Oxybaphus in August at Flagstaff and Alpine and comatus (Small) Weatherby, Potentilla Stipa Zettermani Vasey in July at Show rivaZis Nutt., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Low. Kuhn, Rumex crispus L., Solidago wrightii Gray, Sorghum vulgare Pers., Sphaeralcea DISCUSSION: This species is uncom- orcuttii Rose, Tilia americans L., and mon and cannot be evaluated. Tribuíus terrestris L. A specimen was also collected from an English sparrow in May at Yuma. Neoseiulus inumai (Denmark)

Plate IX DISCUSSION: N. gracilis is either closely related to or a senior synonym Cydnodromus mutuai Denmark, to N. mekenzei; the types should be com- 1965:91. pared to clarify the relationship. Neoseiulus mutuai, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:110; Muma and Johns- The relative abundance of the spe- ton in press. cies on grasses and herbs in the state indicate a need for biological and eco- DIAGNOSIS: The extremely elongate logical studies. Collection of two slender dorsal scutal reticulation bet - specimens from a coccinellid (Muma 1964) ween the dorsal setae, elongate sternal and one recorded here from a sparrow, scutum and quadrate ventrianal scutum indicates that the species may be dissem- distinguish this species from other inated by clinging to insects and birds. groups of Arizona Neoseiulus. It is readily separated from N. paspalivorus (DeLeon) by its longer St IV, from N. Neoseiulus montanus, new species vallis (Schuster and Pritchard) by its different spermatheca, and from N. Plate IX sporobolus n. sp. by its smaller size and longer peritremes. DIAGNOSIS: This species is readily distinguished from most species of the ARIZONA HABITATS: This comitatus -group by its slender fundibu- species occurred in southern Arizona during liform spermathecae. It may be separated

23 August, September, and October on the Rydb., Antennaria arida E. Nels., Arac- following grasses: Andropogon barbino- his hypogaea L., Aster foliaceus Lindl., dis Lag., Aristida adscensionis L., and Astragalus gilensis Greene, Atriplex Aristida pansa Woot. & Standl. semibaccata R. Br., Bouteloua barbata Lag., Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) DISCUSSION: Although this species Torr., Cirsium wheeZeri (Gray) Petrak, was originally described from a palm tree, Convolvulus arvensis L., CorydaZis Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc. aurea Willd., Cressa truxillensis It was recorded from several grasses in H.B.K., Cucurbita foetidissima H.B.K., Ohio, Muma and Johnston (in press) so the Cucurbita palmata Wats., Daucus carota type was probably an incidental collec- L., Ellisia nycteZea L., Elymus cana - tion. Its common occurrence on grasses densis L., Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels., in Arizona indicates that it may be an Equisetum aryens L., Eragrostis specta- important biological control agent of bilis (Pursh) Steud., Erigeron canadensis injurious mites or insects on range and L., Erigeron divergea Torr. 6 Gray, pasture grasses. Nothing is otherwise Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her., Euphorbia known about its biology or ecology. albomarginata Torr. & Gray, Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl., Heliotropium curassavicum L., Heterotheca subaxillaris NeoseiuZus setulus (Fox) (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby, Hordeum jubatum L., Houstonia wrightii Gray, Hystrix Plate IX patula Moench, Lupinus hillii Greene, Marah giZensis Greene, Medicago sativa Borinquolaelaps setuZus Fox, 1947:559. L., McZilotus aZbus Desc., Monarda Typhlodromus brevispinus Kennett, austromontana Epling., Oxybaphus comatus 1958:473. (Small) Weatherby, Panicum obtusum H.B.K., Plantago major L., Poa ratensis Amblyseius brevispinus, Schuster and L., PoZypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Pritchard, 1963:263. Potentilla crinita Gray, Potentilla hip - Amblyseius huffakeri Schuster and Prit- piana Lehm., Robinia pseudoacacia L., chard, 1963:271. Rumex acetosella L., Rumex crispus L., Setaria macrostachya H.B.K., Sida hede- Neoseiulus setulus, Muma and Johnston: racea (Dougl.) Torr., Solidago wrightii in press. Gray, Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC., Thalictrum fendleri Engelm., Tidestromia DIAGNOSIS: Distinguishing charac- lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl., Townsendia ters of this species include a nearly exscapa (Richards.) Porter, Tragopogon smooth dorsal scutum, subequal dorsal scu- pratensis L., Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) tal setae and a slender and indistinct but Hitchc., Trifolium hybridum L., Verbena elongate St IV. The other Arizona species bipinnatifida Nutt., Verbesina encelioides of the group, N. gracilis, does not have (Cav.) Benth. & Hook., Vicia pulchella tubular to fundibuliform spermatheca cer- H.B.K., and Vitis arizonica Engelm. vices. This species is closely related to N. marinellus (Muma) but the latter lacks DISCUSSION: The macrosetae. above cited synonymy was determined by an examination of the types of Borinquolaelaps ARIZONA HABITATS: The species ap- setulus Fox and Typhlodromus brevispinus pears to be common throughout Arizona from Kennett, and a comparison with author February to November and was collected identified California specimens of from many plants including: Aegilops cy- Amblyseius huffakeri Schuster and Zindrica Host., Alternanthera repens (L.) Kuntze, Ambrosia confertifZora (DC.)

24 Pritchard. Two factors apparently con- NeoseiuZus vallis (Schuster and tributed to this synonymy. The sperma- Pritchard), new combination thecae of Hoyer's mounted specimens Plate X luminesce brightly under phase contrast microscopy which obscures details. Amblyseius vailis Schuster and Prit- Later, however, the spermathecae, espe- chard, 1963:267. cially the atria, clear or darken and details are clearly visible. DIAGNOSIS: This species is readily distinguished from other species of the It is a common litter, grass and paspalivorus -group in Arizona by its herb species in Ohio (Muma and Johnston elongate complex spermathecal atrium, in press). Therefore it is probable long spermatodactyl toe and heel, and that Arizona populations will be found elongate M3. to exhibit the same characteristics. The species, when abundant, may be ARIZONA HABITATS: A common species important to the applied ecology of taken from many plants in irrigated and grass culture, and row and field crop low desert areas of the state from Feb- production in Arizona. ruary through October. The list includes: Ambrosia confertiflora (DC.) Rydb., Ambrosia psiZostachya DC., Arte- Neoseiulus sporobolus, new species misia frigida Wi1ld., Atriplex canescens Plate X (Pursh) Nutt., Baileya pleniradiata Harv. 6 Gray, Bouvardia glaberrima DIAGNOSIS: This species is a mem- Engelm., Chrysopsis foZiosa Nutt., Ely - ber of paspalivorus -group and in Arizona mus canadensis L., Erigeron divergens is related to N. inumai from which it is Torr. & Gray, Funastrum heterophyllum distinguished by the medially- located, ( Engelm.) Standl., Gaillardia pinnati- crescentic preanal pores and larger size. fida Torr., Gnaphalium wrightii Gray, It is readily separated from N. californi- Gutierrezia microcephaZa (DC.) Gray, cus (McGregor) by the shorter dorsal setae Gutierrezia Zucida Greene, Gutierrezia and comparatively shorter L2, L3 and M2. sp., Hilaria jamesii Torr. & Benth., Houstonia wrightii Gray, Lolium perenne FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding L., Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene, Medi- chelicerae, 403p; width 200u. A species cago sativa L., Oxybaphus comatus of the comitatus -group characterized in (Small) Weatherby, Penstemon parryi the key, diagnosis and figures 125 to 128 Gray, Perezia nana Gray, PZantago Ian- on Plate X. ceolata L., PZantago purshii Roem. & Schult., Potentilla crinita Gray, Rati- TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype bida columnaris (Sims) D. Don., Senico from drop -seed, Sporobolus wrightii Mumro, sp., Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray, Viguiera Portal, Arizona, August 30, 1969, by D. M. multiflora (Nutt.) Blake, Vitis arizoni- Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C. ca Engelm., and Zinnia pumila Gray.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This species was DISCUSSION: Our specimens exhibit collected at Portal during August from two forms; one with short setae and a Sporobolus wrightii Munro. spermatheca as illustrated in figure 132; the other with long setae and a sperma- DISCUSSION: The limited known col- theca as illustrated in figure 133. Cali- lections of this species prevent meaning- fornia specimens reportedly have longer ful biological and ecological evaluation. setae (Schuster and Pritchard 1963).

25 Since females and males are both Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc., common on low- growing herbs, including Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, alfalfa, grape and zinnia in Arizona, Plantago lanceolata L., Sitanion hys- biological and ecological studies trix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, and Sphaera- should be conducted to determine its Zcea ambigua Gray. possible biological control potential on agricultural crops. Its uncommon DISCUSSION: What are believed to occurrence in California is an enigma. be conspecific populations of this species in Europe, California, Ohio and Arizona exhibit variations worthy NeoseiuZus zwoelferi (Dosse) of note. European specimens have the dorsal setae as long as or longer than Plate X the lateral setae, M3 twice the length of L6 and L7 and Sge IV and Sti IV in- Typhiodromus zwolferi Dosse, 1957:301. distinct. California specimens have Typhiodromus (Amblyseius) zwoelferi, the dorsal setae subequal with or Chant, 1960:78. shorter than the lateral setae, M3 less than twice the length of L6 and L7, Sge Cydnodromus zwoelferi, Muma, 1961:290. IV usually distinct. Ohio specimens Amblyseius zwoelferi, Schuster and Prit- have the dorsal setae distinctly shor- chard, 1963:268; Athias -Henriot, ter than the lateral setae, M3 at least 1966:207. twice as long as L6 and L7 and Sge IV and Sti IV present but much less dis- NeoseiuZus zwoelferi, Muma and Johnston, tinct than St IV. Arizona and Cali- in press. fornia specimens have Li, L2, L3 and L4 nearly subequal whereas L2 and L3 DIAGNOSIS: The slender neck -like are distinctly shorter than Li and L4 development of the spermathecal cervix on European and Ohio specimens. mesad of the elongate- nodular atrium distinguishes this species from all This species has been found in other members of the fallacis species - ground surface litter and on the group. Other diagnostic characters leaves of herbs, shrubs and trees in include the dorsal setae distinctly Europe, California and Ohio. It prob- shorter than the lateral setae and M3 ably also occurs in ground surface more than twice as long as L6 and L7. litter in Arizona as well as on the As is usual for the fallacis- group, Sti recorded plants. IV is sometimes distinct and sometimes not. Dosse (1957) reported that N. zwoelferi fed and developed on Tetra - ARIZONA HABITATS: N. zwoelferi has nychus (Tetranychus) urticae Koch, been collected from February through Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and Czenspin- August in northern Arizona on Aegilops skia Zordi Nesbitt with a life cycle cylindrica Host., Aretostaphyloe pungens of 8 to 9 days at 25 -26° C. Since H.B.K., Artemisia frigida Willd., Carex the species is relatively common in hystricina Muhl., Cichorium intybus L., Arizona further biological and eco- Equisetum arvense L., Juncus interior logical studies are needed to deter- Wieg., Medicago sativa L., Melilotus mine its biological control potential. indicus (L.) All., Mentha arvensis L., Moldavica parvifTora (Nutt.) Britt.,

26 SUBFAMILY PHYTOSEIINAE BERLESE

Phytoseiinae Berlese, 1916:11; Muma, 1961:292.

Phytoseiidae with an undivided Leg formula 4123 and 4132; peri- dorsal scutum, 3 to 4 pairs of dorsal tremes extend to verticals; peritremal setae, 1 to 3 pairs of median setae, 8 and stigmatal scuta indistinguishably to 11 pairs of lateral setae with 5 or fused and extending along leg iV exopo- more well anterior to D3, 1 or 2 pairs dai scutum; spermathecae with saccular of sublateral setae on females, ventri- or fundibuliform cervices and an undif- anal scutum with 1 to 4 pairs of preanal ferentiated atria; chelicerae small to setae; 1 to 3 pairs of ventrolateral normal in size in proportion to the setae; and no to 3 macrosetae on leg IV. body; movable cheliceral finger with no Males have an entire shield -shaped ven- or I denticule and fixed cheliceral trianal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of finger with 2 to 4 denticules. ventrianai setae and usually 2 pairs of sublateral setae located on the dorsal Males are similar to females but scutum. smaller. The spermatodactyl has the foot terminal and lateral process dis- TYPE GENUS: Phytoseius Ribaga, tinct. The ventrianal scutum has 4 or 1904, by indication (Berlese 1916). more pairs of preanal setae.

DIAGNOSIS: Small phytoseiids with TYPE SPECIES: Iphidulus conspicuus an undivided dorsal scutum and 5 pairs Garman, 1948, by designation (Muma 1961). of anterior lateral setae well anterior to D3. DISCUSSION: This genus lacks lateral setae in the positions normally oc- DISCUSSION: in the illustrations cupied by L7 and L8. Muma and Denmark of species of this subfamily the omis- (1969) indicated 3 species-groups in this sion of sternal and dorsal scutal pores genus based on the shape of the sternal does not infer pore absence; see dis- and ventrianai scuta, and on the develop- cussion under Amblyseiinae. ment of M2 and Lg. The two species presently known to occur in Arizona represent two of these groups, the pini -group and GENUS TYPHLODROMINA MUMA the adjacentis- group. Unquestionably species of the conspicua-group will also Typhiodromina Muma, 1961:297; Muma and be found since they are known to occur in Denmark, 1969:406. California, Mexico and Missouri.

DIAGNOSIS: Females are characterized by a smooth to reticulated dorsal Key to Typhiodromia scutum with 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 2 Muma inhabiting pairs of median setae; 8 pairs of lat- plants in Arizona eral setae; 2 pairs of sublateral setae; (Females) 2 pairs of sternal setae, 2 pairs of metasternal setae; 4 pairs of preanal 1. Spermathecae elongate fundibul,iform; setae, and a pair of preanal pores on L1 and L2 subequal; L7 tiny the ventrianal scutum; 2 pairs of ven- T. pini (Chant) trolateral setae and a pair of caudal la. Spermathecae short fundibuliform to setae; no or 1 macroseta on basitarsus pocular; LI distinctly longer than of leg IV, St IV; legs i, il and IIi without macrosetae. L2; L7 nearly as long as M2 T. gramina, new species

27 Typhiodromina gramina, new species Typhiodromina pini, Muma, 1961:297; Muma and Denmark, 1969:407. Plate XI Typhioseiopsis citri, Schuster and Prit- DIAGNOSIS: In addition to the char- chard, 1963:210. (in part) acters cited in the key this species exhibits the following diagnostic charac- DIAGNOSIS: The typical species is ters: M2 and L8 indistinctly plumose but readily distinguished from most members not greatly enlarged; L8 two and one -half of the pini -group by the tiny M2; two times as long as L7; leg IV with Sge IV, pairs of ventrolateral setae, and the Sti IV, and St IV. Other characters are slender elongate St IV. It is separated shown in the figures. from T. gramina by the form of the spermathecae. FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 396p; width 235u. A species ARIZONA HABITATS: This appears to of the adjacentis -group characterized in be a montane species. Specimens were the key, diagnosis and figures 140 to 143 collected from Cupressus arizonica on Plate Xl. Greene, Juniperus deppeana Steud., and Pinus ponderosa Lawson at Flagstaff, TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype McNary, Portal, and Pinetop during July from six -weeks three-awngrass, Aristida and August. adscensionis L., McNary, Arizona, July 22, 1965, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, DISCUSSION: We do not agree with Washington, D. C. the synonymies proposed by Chant (1960) and Schuster and Pritchard (1963). It ARIZONA HABITATS: Of the few speci- is possible that T. citri (Garman and mens collected all have been associated McGregor) and T. pacificus are synonyms with grasses except one from Thermopsis but T. pini is distinct. T. arceutobia pinetorum Greene collected at McNary in (Kennett) may be a synonym of T. pini June. The records from grasses at Flag- but we have not seen the type of the staff, Show Low, McNary, and Portal from former species. June through September include: Aristida adscensionis L., Muhienbergia emersleyi This species is uncommon in Arizona Vasey, M. puicherrima Scribn., and Stipa so cannot be evaluated biologically and lettermani Vasey. ecologically.

DISCUSSION: This species is only provisionally placed in the adjacentis- GENUS METASEIULUS MUMA group since it does not have M2 and L8 distinctly enlarged. Metaseiuius Muma, 1961:295; Gonzalez and Schuster, 1962:19 (in part); Schu- It is not a common species so can- ster and Pritchard, 1963:214 (in not be evaluated biologically and eco- part); Muma, 1963:41; Van der Merwe, logically. 1968:62 (in part).

DIAGNOSIS: Females are characterized Typhiodromina pini (Chant) by a strongly reticulated dorsal scutum; 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 2 pairs Plate XI of median setae; 9 pairs of lateral setae; i pair of sublateral setae; 2 pairs of sternal se- Typhiodromus pini Chant, 1955 :501. tae; 2 pairs of metasternal setae; 3 pairs Typhiodromus ( Typhiodromus) pini Chant, of preanal ventrianal setae; 1 pair of 1960:53. ventrolateral setae; a pair of caudal

28 setae; and no or 1 macroseta on leg IV, Key to MetaseiuZus Muma St IV. found in Arizona

Leg formula 4123; peritremes extend 1. Dorsal scutal setae long; macro - forward to verticals; peritremal and stig- seta St IV long; spermathecae matal scuta distinct from leg IV exopodal wide; specimens primarily from scutum; spermatheca with fundibuliform pines M. validus (Chant) cervix and undifferentiated atrium; che- la. Dorsal scutal setae short; macro - licerae small in proportion to body size; seta St IV short; spermathecae movable cheliceral finger with no or 1 narrow; specimens primarily from denticule and fixed cheliceral finger junipers M. nelson (Chant) with 2 or 3 denticules.

Males are similar to females but MetaseiuZus nelsoni (Chant) smaller with the sublateral setae on the dorsal scutum; 5 pairs of sternal setae; Plate XI and 3 pairs of preanal setae. The spermatodactyl has the foot terminal with a Typhiodromus (Typhiodromus) nelsoni distinct heel and lateral process. Chant, 1960:56. MetaseiuZus neZsoni, Muma, 1961:295; TYPE SPECIES: Typhiodromus validus Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:217. Chant, 1957, by designation (Muma 1961). DIAGNOSIS: The key characters DISCUSSION: This genus lacks setae readily identify and distinguish this in the position normally occupied by L8, species from Al. validus. Chant (1960) the ventrianal scuta are decidedly vase - also cited 3 tiny ventrolateral plate- shaped and both of the known species are lets and no macroseta as diagnostic but found predominately on evergreen trees our specimens exhibit 4 to 5 platelets at high altitudes. and a short but distinct St IV. Gonzalez and Schuster (1962), Schu- ARIZONA HABITATS: All specimens ster and Pritchard (1963) and Van der found in Arizona occurred on Juniperus Merwe (1968) considered this genus to be from April through September at Camp a senior synonym of GaZendromus Muma. Verde, Flagstaff, McNary, Pinedale, This synonymy was discussed and rejected Portal, Show Low, and Tucson. The by Muma (1963). Our examination of Ari- species included: J. communie L., J. zona material substantiates this rejec- deppeana Steud., and J. monospermes tion: the number of preanal ventrianal (Englm.) Sarg. setae and ventrolateral setae is very constant which is not the case in GaZen- DISCUSSION: The number of spe- dromus; the ventrianal scuta are strongly cimens on junipers at or above 6000 vase -shaped which is a variable in Galen - feet may prove the species to be com- dromus; and this genus is so consistently mon enough to merit study. collected on junipers, pines, and pos- sibly on firs and other evergreen trees The ventrolateral platelets on that collections on other plants must be females are very difficult to distin- incidental whereas Galendromus is found guish, evaluate and count. primarily on deciduous trees and shrubs.

29 MetaseiuZus validus (Chant) DIAGNOSIS: Females are characterized by a reticulated dorsal scutum with Plate XII 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 2 pairs of median setae; 9 pairs of simple or plumose Typhiodromus validus Chant, 1957:290. lateral setae; 1 pair of anterior sub - Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) validus, lateral setae; 2 pairs of sternal setae;

Chant, 1960:56. 4 pairs of preanal, ventrianal setae; 1 or 2 pairs of ventrolateral setae and a Metaseiulus validus, Muma, 1961:295; pair of caudal setae; no or 1 macroseta Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:217. on leg IV, St IV; legs I, II and III TyphZodromus ( MetaseiuZus) validus, without macrosetae or modified setae. Van der Merwe, 1968:62. Leg formula 1423 or 4123; peritreme DIAGNOSIS: The key characters variable in length from a point between identify and distinguish this species L3 and L4 to the verticals with peritre- from M. nelsoni. Chant (1960) and Schu- mal and stigmata] scuta indistinguishably ster and Pritchard (1963) also cited 5 fused; spermatheca with a tubular, sac - tiny ventrolateral platelets and a dis- cular, pocular, fundifuliform or vesi- tinct macroseta as diagnostic but our cular cervix and a nodular or undiffer- specimens exhibit 4 to 7 platelets and entiated atrium; chelicerae normal in only a comparatively longer St IV than proportion to the body size; movable neZsoni. cheliceral finger with no to 1 denticule

and fixed cheliceral finger with 1 to 3 ARIZONA HABITATS: Most of the denticules. specimens were collected from Pinus at McNary, Portal, Prescott, Sedona, and Males are similar to the females, Show Low during July and August on P. but smaller with the sublateral setae edulis Engelm., P. flexilis James, P. on the dorsal scutum; 5 pairs of ster- monophylla Torr. 6 Frem., and P. pon- nal setae and 4 to 5 pairs of preanal derosa Lawson. ventrianal setae. Spermatodactyl with foot terminal and heel and lateral pro- DISCUSSION: As stated for M. cess distinct. nelsoni the ventrolateral platelets are very difficult to distinguish, evaluate TYPE SPECIES: Typhiodromus fiori- and count and therefore cannot be con- danus Muma, 1955, by designation (Muma sidered to be diagnostically valuable. 1961).

This species is common on Pinus spp. DISCUSSION: This genus was erected It may well be an important biological by Muma (1961) and revised by Muma control agent of some injurious insect or (1963). It is represented over a wide mite on these evergreens. Biological and geographical area from Mexico to Canada ecological studies should be conducted. on trees, shrubs and vines. It also has been recorded from Chile and Puerto Rico. Although all of the sub -genera GENUS GALENDROMUS MUMA have not been recorded from Arizona they are distinguished in the following key. Galendromus Muma, 1961:298; Muma, 1963:16. Cursoriseius, new subgenus, is known only from Chile and is represented by MetaseiuZus, Schuster and Gonzalez, Cursoriseius brevieoZlis (Gonzalez and 1962:19; Schuster and Pritchard, Schuster). Only the sub -genera Menaseius 1963:214.

30 Wainstein and Mugidromus, new subgenus, Galendromus (Menaseius) Wainstein, have been found in the state. Muma, 1963:27, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:138, Muma and Johns- ton, in press. KEY TO KNOWN SUBGENERA OF DIAGNOSIS: GALENDROMVS MUMA Females of this subgenus have most of the dorsal and lateral (Females) setae simple. Dorsal setae are shorter than the distance to the succeeding se- 1. Most dorsal, median and lateral setae. Anterior dorsal scutal pores dis- tae plumose and subequal in length, tinct with reticulation radiating from though progressively longer poste- pores. Ventrianal scuta pentagonal, riorly; spermathecae tubular; tree, but slightly constricted near middle of shrub and vine species length. Most species have leg IV, St Galendromus Muma IV, macroseta present. Spermatheca with fundibuliform cervix and a highly la. At least half of the dorsal and me- refractive valve at atrium. dian setae setiform and distinctly smaller than the lateral setae; Spermatodactyl with typical shank, spermathecae variable 2 foot, heel, lateral process, and toe; 2. Vertical setae setiform; most lat- both heel and lateral process distinct; eral setae setiform and only sli- foot terminal. ghtly longer than dorsal setae; spermathecae fundibuliform or TYPE SPECIES: Seius pomi Parrott, pocular 3 by designation (Wainstein 1962 and Muma

1963) . 2a. Vertical setae plumose; most lateral setae plumose, serrate or other- DISCUSSION: Four of wise modified and much longer than the 12 known species of the subgenus occur in at least half of the dorsal setae; Ari- zona. spermathecae tubular or saccular - -4 3. Spermathecae fundibuliform; tree and shrub species Key to Species of the Subgenus Menaseius Wainstein Menaseius found in Arizona 3a. Spermathecae pocular; soil and lit- (Females) ter species Cursoriseius, new subgenus 1. Ventrianal scutum with a pair of preanal ventrianal 4. Spermathecae tubular; herb and tree pores; 2 pairs of ventrolateral species---- Mugidromus, new subgenus setae 2 Ventrianal 4a. Spermathecae saccular; tree and la. scutum without preanal ventrianal 1 shrub species Leonodromus Muma pores; pair of ventrolateral setae G. (M.) flumenis (Chant) Subgenus Menaseius Wainstein 2. Most dorsal scutal setae short and setiform; L8 more than half as Menaseius Wainstein, 1962:21. long as M2 and L9; only 19 plumose Lamiaseius Wainstein, 1962:21. G. (M.) deleoni, new species

31 2a. Most dorsal scutal setae setiform DISCUSSION: Since it is uncommon, but thickened; L8 only one -fifth to this species cannot be evaluated bio- one -third as long as M2 and L9; M2 logically or ecologically. and L9 both plumose 3

3. L2 and L3 short and subequal; L8 Galendromus (Menaseius) flumenis only one -fifth as long as M2 and (Chant) less than the distance to L9; ventrianal pores round to elliptical Plate XII G. (M.) mexicanus Muma Typhlodromus (TyphZodromus) flumenis 3a. L3 distinctly longer than L2; L8 Chant, 1957:290; Chant, 1970:57. one -third as long as M2 and equal to or longer than the distance to Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) mcgregori 19; ventrianal pores punctate Chant, 1960:57. New synonymy. G. 6V.) Galendromus flumenis, Muma, 1961:298. pomoides (Schuster and Pritchard) Galendromus mcgregori, Muma, 1961:298. Metaseiulus mcgregori, Schuster and Galendromus (Menaseius) deleoni, Pritchard, 1963:223. new species MetaseiuZús flumenis, Schuster and Plate XII Pritchard, 1963:225

DIAGNOSIS: This species is closely Galendromus (Menaseius) mcgregori, related to G. (M.) juniperi (DeLeon). In pluma, 1963:33; Huma, Denmark and fact, it keys out to that species in Muma DeLeon, 1970:138. (1963) but has L8 more than half as long Galendromus (Menaseius) flumenis, Muma, as M2 and L9 and has a distinct pair of 1963:34. punctate preanal ventrianal pores which are diagnostic. It is distinguished from DIAGNOSIS: This highly variable the other sibling of this species -group species is most readily recognized in by the possession of 2 pairs of ventro- Arizona by the cited key characters. lateral setae and preanal ventrianal Muma (1963) M2 more pores. cited than half as long as to longer than the distance to L8, and one pair of ventrolateral FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding setae as diagnostic characters of the two chelicerae, 326u; width 203u. A species synonyms. The ornamentation of the scu- of the juniperi -group characterized in tum which is indistinctly to distinctly the key, diagnosis and figures 162 to 165 reticulate and ridged, and overlaid with on Plate XII. a punctate stippling is also a reliable supporting character. TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from vervain, Verbena bracteata Lag. & ARIZONA HABITATS: Galendromus flu - Rodr., McNary, Arizona, July 24, 1964, menis has been collected from Acacia by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Wash- constricta Benth., Acer negundo L., Al- ington, D. C. hagi camelorum Fishch., Ambrosia ambro- sioides (Cay.), Ambrosia dumosa (Gray), ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been col- Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.), Antennaria lected from Verbena bracteata Lag. & marginata Greene, Arbutus arizonicus Rodr. at McNary in July. (Gray) Sarg., Arctostaphylos pungens

32 H.B.K., Aristida adscensionis L., Artemi- Quercus agrifolia Noe, Quercus ajoensis sia frigida Willd., Artemisia filifolia C. H. Muller, Quercus alba L., Quercus Torr., Aster tanacetifolius H.B.K., Atri- arizonica Sarg., Quercus emoryi Torr., plex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Baccharis Quercus grisea Liebm., Quercus hypoleu- glutinosa Pers., Baccharis sarothroides coides Camus, Quercus turbinella Greene, Gray, Baileya multiradiata Harv. & Gray, Rhamnus betulaefolia Greene, Rhus micro- Baileya pauciradiata Harv. & Gray, Brick- phylla Engelm., Rhus trilobata Nutt., cilia californica (Torr. & Gray) Gray, Salix gooddingii Ball, Senecio douglasii CeZtis reticulata Torr., Cercidium micro - jamesii (T. & G.) Edinger, Senecio phyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnston, Cerci- longilobus Benth., Simmondsia chinensis dium floridum Benth., Cercocarpus brevi- (Link) Schneid., Sphaeralcea orcuttii florus Gray, Chilopsis Zinearis (Cay.) Rose, Stachys palustris L., Tamarix Sweet, Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat) pentandra Pall., Thuja occidentalis L., Hensl., Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., and Vitis arizonica Engelm. Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa (Torr.) Swing., Coldenia patmeri Gray, Condalia DISCUSSION: This is by far the lycioides (Gray) Weberb., Cupressus ari- most abundant phytoseiid on plants in zonicus Greene, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Arizona. It is found statewide, at all Pers., Dalea parryi Torr. & Gray, Ence- elevations, during all seasons, on many Zia frutescens Gray, Ephedra fasciculata different trees, shrubs and herbs. It A. Nels., Ephedra trifurca Torr., Erio- is highly variable in characters normal- gonum jamesii Benth., Fallugia paradoxa ly utilized for species separation but (D. Don) Endl., Ficus carica L., Flou - there seem to be no constant morpholog- rensia cernua DC., Gaura gracilis Woot. ical, geographical or biological charac- & Standi., Gnaphalum wrightii Gray, ters for utilization in population seg- Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & regation. In fact, Chant (in corres- Rusby, Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) pondence cited by Muma 1963) believed DC., Helianthus annuus L., Helianthus his two species, synonymized above, to quinquenervus (Hook.) Gray, Heterotheca be synonyms. Our examination of over subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby, 900 specimens indicates that the speci- Hymenoclea pentalepis Rydb., Hymenoth- fic distinguishing characters cited by rix wislizeni Gray, Hymenoxys richardsoni Muma (1963) and Schuster and Pritchard (Hook.) Cockerell, Juglans major (Torr.) (1963) are invalid. Heller, Juniperus communie L., Juniperus occidentalis Hook., Lantana camara L., Since the species is so abundant on Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville, Lycium both agricultural and non -agricultural pallidum Miers., Lycium sp., Malus syZ- plants it must be considered to be a po- vestris Mill., Marah gilensis Greene, tential biological control agent for Medicago sativa L., Mentzelia pumila coincidental occurring phytophagous in- (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray, Morus microphylla sects and mites. Biological and ecolog- Buckl., Nama hispidum Gray, Oenothera ical studies should be conducted on a speciosa Nutt., Olneya tesota Gray, Opu- number of different host plants with a ntia Zeptocaulis DC., Parthenocissus number of different prospective food quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenium hosts. incanum H.B.K., Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Physalis wrightii Gray, Pinus spp., Very little is presently known PZatanus wrightii Wats., Pluchea sericea about the biology and ecology of the (Nutt.) Coville, Potentilla hi piano species: Lee and Davis (1968) reported Lehm., Prosopis Juliflora (Sw.) DC., Pro - it to be the second most common phyto- sopis pubescens Benth., Prunus virens seiid on apple trees in Utah but stated rufula (Woot. & Stand].) Sarg., Punica that it tended to remain on the bark. granatum L., Pyracantha coccinea Roem.,

33 Galendromus (Menaseius) mexicanus Muma plumose or serrate and L8 and L2 nearly equal in length. This species in Ari- Plate XIII zona also tends to have more slender lateral setae than on mexicanus. Galendromus (Menaseius) mexicanus Muma, those This species is related 1963:32. also closely to G. (M.) ruralis DeLeon but the weakly plumose M2 punctate preanal pores and DIAGNOSIS: This species is closely slender lateral setae are diagnostic. related to G. (M.) pomoides (Schuster and Pritchard) from which it may be distin- ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were guished by the cited key characters and taken at Portal and Prescott during Au- the fact that M2 is distinctly serrate and gust and September from the following L8 is less than half as long as L2 on this plants: Acer negundo L., Bouteloua species. Arizona specimens tend to have curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Brickellia most of the lateral setae and M2 distinct- californica (Torr. & Gray) Gray, Bromus ly heavier than those on the type. sp., Cercocarpus montanus Raf., Festuca arizonica Vasey, Geranium richardsonii ARIZONA HABITATS: This species has Fisch. & Trautv., Humulus americanus been collected at Flagstaff, McNary, Por- Nutt., Muhlenbergia puleherrima Scribn., tal, Prescott, and Sedona from February Potentilla thurberi Gray, Robinia neo- through September from Acer negundo L., mexicana Gray, Rosa neomexicanus Cock- Anemone tuberosa Rydb., Bouteloua curti- erel], SaZix gooddingii Ball, and Vitis pendula ( Michx.) Torr., Fraxinus velutina arizonica Engelm. Torr., Hymenoxys richardsoni (Hook.) Cockerel], Ipomoea hirsutula Jacq., Morus DISCUSSION: The biology and eco- microphylla Buckl., Penstemon virgatus logy of this common Arizona species Gray, Platanus wrightii Wats., Prunus should be investigated. Schuster and virens (Woot. & Stand].) Shreve, Quercus Pritchard (1963) recorded arizonica Sarg., Quercus hypoleucoides the species feeding on eriophyids and tetranychids Camus, Rhus trilobata Nutt., SaZix Zaevi- in California. gata Bebb., Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray, and Tridens puichellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc. Subgenus Mugidromus, new subgenus DISCUSSION: The common occurrence of this species on certain herbs, shrubs DIAGNOSIS: Females of this subge- and trees in the montane areas of the nus have the vertical setae plumose, state is worthy of biological and eco- half of the dorsal and median setae logical attention. small and setiform and shorter than the distance to the succeeding setae (D3 and D4 on the two known species are plumose), GaZendromus (Menaseius) pomoides and most of the lateral setae plumose, (Schuster and Pritchard), serrate or otherwise modified and dis- new combination tinctly longer than the setiform dorsal Plate XIII and median setae. The ventrianal scuta are elongate -pentagonal to vase-shaped. Metaseiulus pomoides Schuster and Prit- Spermathecal cervices are tubulo- saccular chard, 1963: with refactive but differentiated atria. Leg IV without macrosetae. DIAGNOSIS: The cited key characters distinguish this species from the closely Spermatodactyls typical with foot related G. (M.) mexicanus. Valid support- terminal and shank, foot, heel, lateral ing characters include M2 non or weakly process, and toe all distinct.

34 TYPE SPECIES: GaZendromus (Mugidro- ARIZONA HABITATS: Galendromus mus) reticulus, new species. reticulus was collected from Baccharis glutinosa Pers. during October at Marana DISCUSSION: This subgenus presently and Hymenoclea salsola Torr. and Gray includes only the 2 Arizona species des- during July at Oracle. cribed below. However, Metaseiulus pin - natus Schuster and Pritchard may belong DISCUSSION: This herb inhabiting here rather than in Leonodromus Muma with species is not sufficiently common to G. (L.) carinulatus (DeLeon) as suggested merit biological and ecological inves- by Schuster and Pritchard (1963). tigation.

Key to Species of the Subgenus Galendromus (Mugidromus) serratus, new species Mugidromus Found in Arizona Plate XIV (Females) DIAGNOSIS: The cited key charac- 1. All dorsal setae short; preanal ven- ters distinguish this species from G. trianal pores punctate (M.) reticulus. Other diagnostic cha- G. (M.) reticulus, new species racters for this species include the la. D3 and D4 elongate; preanal ventri- overlapping or imbricate dorsal scutal anal pores round reticulation, L8 less than a length G. (M.) serratus, new species from L9, and the shorter but line -like metapodal scuta.

GaZendromus (Mugidromus) reticulus, FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, exclud- new species ing chelicerae, 350p; width 182p. This distinctive species is characterized in Plate XIII the key, diagnosis and figures 185 to 188 on Plate XIV. DIAGNOSIS: The cited key characters adequately differentiate this species TYPE LOCALITY: The female holo- from G. (M.) serratus. Other diagnostic type from one -seed juniper, Juniperus characters for this species include the monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg., Tucson, very strong net -like dorsal scutal reticu- Arizona, April 7, 1968, by D. M. Tut- lations which under phase light reflect on tle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C. the ventral scuta, L8 at least 2 lengths from L9, and long slender line -like meta - ARIZONA HABITATS: This species podal scuta. was found in April at Tucson, on Juni- perus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. and FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding Quercus emoryi Torr. chelicerae, 434p; width 210p. This strongly reticulate species is character- DISCUSSION: This rare, tree - ized in the key, diagnosis and figures inhabiting species cannot be evaluated 180 to 183 on Plate XIII. biologically and ecologically. TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from seepwillow, Baceharis glutinosa GENUS BERETHRIA, NEW GENUS Pers., Marana, Arizona, October 27, 1967, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washing- DIAGNOSIS: Females are character- ton, D. C. ized by a distinctly reticulated dorsal

35 scutum with 4 pairs of dorsal setae, 2 Berethria arizonica, new species pairs of median setae, 9 pairs of lateral Plate XIV setae, 2 pairs of sublateral setae, 3 pairs of sternal setae, 4 pairs of pre - DIAGNOSIS: Since this is the only anal ventrianal setae, 2 pairs of ventro- known species of the genus the generic lateral setae, 1 pair of caudal setae and characters are adequate for identifica- 1 macroseta, St IV. L8 is associated tion. Other diagnostic characters may with L9, not M2 as in TyphZodromus Scheu- include the small, punctate preanal ven- ten. There are 2 small pores on dorsal trianal pores located between and behind scutum, 1 behind L3 and 1 between L7 and the posterior pair of preanal ventrianal M2. Leg formula 4123. Peritreme extends setae and the elongate principal and forward to verticals; peritremal scutum triangular secondary metapodal scuta. partially separated from stigmatal scutum by a weak suture; secondary stigmatal FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding pore small and slot -like. Spermathecae chelicerae, 371p; width 228p. The spe- obscure but with distinct U- shaped valve, cies is characterized in the key, dia- apparently in the cervix. Chelicerae gnosis and figures 189 to 192 on Plate normal in proportion to body size; mov- XIV. able finger with 1 denticule; fixed finger with 3 denticules. TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from arizona white oak, Quercus Males are unknown. arizonica Sarg., Portal, Arizona, August 28, 1964, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the TYPE SPECIES: Berethria arizonica, USNM, Washington, D. C. new species.

ARIZONA HABITATS: It is known DISCUSSION: Although this genus is only from Quercus arizonica Sarg. at erected for the Arizona species described Portal during August. below it is possible that TyphZodromus corticis Herbert also belongs here. Our DISCUSSION: This species is known single specimen has all of the tarsal only from the type. claws buried in the pretarsi.

36 LITERATURE CITED

Athias- Henriot, C. 1957. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae (Acarina: Gamasina) d'Algérie,

I Genres Blattisocius Keegan, Iphiseius Berlese, AmbZyseius Berlese, Phytoseius Ribaga, Phytoseiulus Evans. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. de l'Afrique du Nord 48:319 -352.

Athias -Henriot, C. 1958. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae (Acarina: Gamasina) d'Algérie, II Phytoseiidae: clé des genres Amblyseius Berlese (suite) et SeiuZus Berlese. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. de l'Afrique du Nord 49:23-43.

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40 Diagnostic Characters of Phytoseiidae

(Plate I)

Six upper figures subfamily Amblyseiinae; six lower figures subfamily Phytoseiinae.

ap - apotele ms - metasternal Scutum

at - atrium p - peritreme

cl - clunal setae pd - pilus dentilis

cs - caudal setae pas - preanal setae

cx - cervix pp - preanal pore

D1 -D4 dorsal setae ps - peritremal scutum

do - denticule (teeth) S1 -S2 - sublateral setae

ds - dorsal scutum s - stigma (stigmata)

exs - exopodal scutum of leg IV Sge IV - genual macroseta of leg IV

ff - fixed finger sh - shank

ft - foot sp - secondary pore (accessory)

gs - genital scutum ss - stigmata] scutum

h - heel St IV - basitarsal macroseta of leg IV

L1 -L9 - lateral setae Sti IV - tibial macroseta of leg IV

1p - lateral process sts - sternal scutum

Ml -M3 - median setae t - toe

ma - major duct v - vertical setae

mf - movable finger vas - ventrianal scutum

mi - minor duct vs - ventrolateral setae

mp - metapodal scuta

41 MI 03 S2 2 sgelV s M3 stiIV ss L6 Sp L 7 stIV exs cI- L ,_--Pd _od n mf

42 Plate II

Proprioseiopsis asetus (Chant): 16 fig. 1, dorsal view; fig. 2, ventral structures; fig. 3, metasternal scutum; fig. 4, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 5, spermatheca; 15 fig. 6, spermatodactyl.

Proprioseiopsis circulus, new species: Fig. 7, dorsal view; fig. 8, ventral structures; fig. 9, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 10, spermatheca; fig. 11, sperma- Ó todactyl.

Proprioseiopsis exopodalis (Ken- nett): fig. 12, dorsal view; fig. 13, ventral structures; fig. 14, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 15, spermatheca; fig. 16, spermatodactyl; fig. 17, ventrianal scutum.

43 26

Plate III

Proprioseiopsis fragariae (Ken- nett): fig. 18, dorsal view; fig. 19, ventral structures; fig. 20, posterior 31 32 peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 21, spermatheca; fig. 22, sperma-

todactyl.

Proprioseiopsis marrubiae, new species: fig. 23, dorsal view; fig. 24, ventral structures; fig. 25, chelicerae (paratype); fig. 26, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 27, spermatheca ( paratype).

Proprioseiopsis poculus, new species: fig. 28, dorsal view; fig. 29, ventral structures; fig. 30, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 31, spermatheca; fig. 32, spermatodactyl.

44 Plate IV

Proprioseiopsis rotundus (Muma): fig. 33, dorsal view; fig. 34, ventral structures; fig. 35, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 36, spermatheca; fig. 37, spermatodactyl.

Proprioseiopsis solens (DeLeon): fig. 38, dorsal view; fig. 39, ventral structures; fig. 40, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 41, spermatheca; fig. 42 spermatodactyl.

Proprioseiopsis temperus Muma and Johnston: fig. 42a, dorsal view; fig. 43, ventral structures; fig. 44, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 45, spermatheca; fig. 46 spermatodactyl.

45 S5

56a 54

Plate V

Chelaseius fioridanus (Muma): 62 fig. 47, dorsal view; fig. 48, ventral structures; fig. 49, chelicerae; fig. 50, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 51, spermatheca; fig. 52, spermatodactyl; fig. 53, ventrianal scutum.

Eharius, new genus, chergui (Athias -Henriot): fig. 54, dorsal view; fig. 55, ventral structures; fig. 56, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 56a, spermatheca; fig. 56b, spermatheca with spermato- phore; fig. 57, spermatodactyl.

Arrenoseius paiustris (Chant): fig. 58, dorsal view; fig. 59, ventral structures; fig. 60, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 61, spermatheca; fig. 62, spermatodactyl.

46 Plate VI

Typhlodromips kennetti (Schuster and Pritchard): fig. 63, dorsal view; fig. 64, ventral structures; fig. 65, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 66, spermatheca. 0' Typhlodromips ZateraZis, new species: fig. 67, dorsal view; fig. 68, ventral structures; fig. 69, metasternal scutum; peritremal and stigma- fig. 70, posterior 73 tal development; fig. 71, spermatheca.

Typhlodromips tornadus Muma and Johnston: fig. 72, dorsal view; fig. 73, ventral structures; fig. 74, posterior peritremal and stigmatal structures; fig. 75, spermatheca.

74 72

47 78 80

Plate VII

NeoseiuZus aurescens (Athias- Henriot): fig. 76, dorsal view; fig. 77, ventral structures; fig. 78, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 79, spermatheca.

NeoseiuZus comitatus (DeLeon): fig. 80, dorsal view; fig. 81, ventral structures; fig. 82, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 83, spermatheca; fig. 84, spermatodactyl.

NeoseiuZus desertus (Chant): fig. 85, dorsal view; fig. 86, ventral structures; fig. 87, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 88, spermatheca.

48 94

91 89

Plate VIII

Neoseiuius faiiacis (Garman): fig. 89, dorsal view; fig. 90, ventral structures; fig. 91, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; figs. 92 and 93, spermathecae (variations); fig 94, spermatodactyl; fig. 95, ventrianal scutum. 103

Neoseiuius fallacoides, new species: fig. 96, dorsal view; fig. 97, ventral structures; fig. 98, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 99, spermatheca.

Neoseiuius graciiis (Muma): fig. 100, dorsal view; fig. 101, ventral structures; fig. 102, metapodal scuta; 100 fig. 103, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 104, spermatheca; fig. 105, spermatodactyl.

104 102 105

49 115 109 116 110

113

107

114

112

1149

Plate IX

Neoseiulus montanus, new species: fig. 106, dorsal view; fig. 107, ventral structures; fig. 108, posterior 124 peritremal and stigmatal development; 120 fig. 109, spermatheca (holotype); fig. 110, spermatheca (paratype).

119 Neoseiulus mumai (Denmark): fig. 111, dorsal view; fig. 112, ventral fig. 113, posterior peri- 118 strucutres; tremal and stigmatal development; fig. 114, metapodal scuta; fig. 114a, spermatheca; fig. 115, spermatodactyl; fig. 116, ventrianal scutum.

Neoseiulus setulus (Fox): fig. 117, dorsal view; fig. 118, ventral structures; fig. 119, chelicerae; fig. 120, posterior peritremal and stigma - tal development; figs. 121 and 122, 123 spermathecae (variations); fig. 123, spermatodactyl; fig. 124, ventrianal scutum.

126

133

Plate X

NeoseiuZus sporobolus, new species; fig. 125, dorsal view; fig. 126, ventral structures; fig. 127, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 128, spermatheca (paratype).

NeoseiuZus vallis (Schuster and Pritchard): fig. 129, dorsal view; fig. 130, ventral structures; fig. 131, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; figs. 132 and 133, spermathecae (variations); fig. 134, spermatodactyl.

NeoseiuZus zzvoeZferi (Dosse): fig. 135, dorsal view; fig. 136, ventral structures; fig. 137, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 138, spermatheca; fig. 139, spermatodactyl.

51 144 143 145

148

Plate XI

TyphZodromina gramina, new species: fig. 140, dorsal view; fig. 141, ventral structures; fig. 142, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 143, spermatheca (holotype); figs. 144 and 145, spermathecae (paratype variations); fig. 146, spermatodactyl.

TyphZodromina pini (Chant): fig. 147, dorsal view; fig. 148, ventral structures; fig. 149, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 150, spermatheca; fig. 151, spermatodactyl.

Metaseiulus nelson (Chant): fig. 152, dorsal view; fig. 153, ventral structures; fig. 154, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 155, spermatheca; fig. 156, spermatodactyl.

52 161 160

165

163

158

Plate XII

Metaseiulus vaZidus (Chant): fig. 157, dorsal view; fig. 158, ventral structures; fig. 159, posterior peri - tremai and stigmatal development; fig. 160, spermatheca; fig. 161, spermatodactyl.

GaZendromus (Menaseius) deZeoni, new species: fig. 162, dorsal view; fig. 163, ventral structures; fig. 164, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 165, spermatheca.

GaZendromus (Menaseius) flumenis (Chant): fig. 166, dorsal view; fig. 167, ventral structures; fig. 168, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 169, spermatheca; fig. 170, spermatodactyl.

53 177

Plate X111

Galendromus (Menaseius) mexicanus Muma: fig. 171, dorsal view; fig. 172, ventral structures; fig. 173, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 174; spermatheca; fig. 175, spermatodactyl.

Galendromus (Menaseius) pomoides Schuster and Pritchard: fig. 176, dorsal view; fig. 177, ventral structures; fig. 178, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 179, spermatheca.

Galendromus (Mugidromus) reticulus, 184 new species: fig. 180, dorsal view; fig. 181, ventral structures; fig. 182, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 183, spermatheca; fig. 184, spermatodactyl.

180

54 Plate XIV

Galendromus (Mugidromus) serratus, new species: fig. 185, dorsal view; fig. 186, ventral structure; fig. 187, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 188, spermatheca.

Berethria arizonica, new species: fig. 189, dorsal view; fig. 190, ventral structures; fig. 191, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 192, spermatheca.