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Florida Demographics, Outcomes, and State Accountability Policies

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Florida Demographics, Outcomes, and State Accountability Policies Fact Sheet FebruaryAugust 20182017 English Learners in Florida Demographics, Outcomes, and State Accountability Policies By Julie Sugarman and Courtney Geary This fact sheet provides an overview of key characteristics of the foreign-born and English Learner (EL) populations in Florida. It aims to build understanding of the state demographic context, how ELs are performing in K-12 schools, and the basics of state policies for EL education under the federal Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), enacted in December 2015. The transition to ESSA is ongoing, with states slated to update their data reporting systems by December 2018. As a result, the data this fact sheet uses to describe student outcomes No Child Left Behind Act primarilyis implemented reflect will systems improve and the accountability accuracy and policies availability developed of these under data. the (NCLB, in effect from 2002 through 2015). Many of the changes expected as ESSA TheDepartment first section of Education. examines Athe discussion demographics of EL studentof Florida outcomes using U.S. as Census measured Bureau by standardized 2016 Americantests follows, Community and the fact Survey sheet (ACS) concludes data, and with EL a studentsbrief overview as reported of Florida by the accountability Florida mechanisms that affect ELs under ESSA. ACTS F I. Demographic Overview of Foreign-Born and EL Populations in Florida ATION In 2016, approximately 4,237,000 foreign-born individuals resided in Florida, accounting for L overall (14 percent), as seen in Table 1. Historically, Florida has been a destination for U 21 percent of the state population—higher than the immigrant share of the U.S. population P foreign-born population (see Table 1). The growth rate of the immigrant population in O substantialFlorida has numbersremained of relatively immigrants, constant, with thedecreasing state home only to slightly almost from 10 percent 61 percent of the in U.S. the period between 1990 and 2000 to 59 percent between 2000 and 2016. Nevertheless, native-born population. Age group trends in Florida mirror broader national trends, with E L P thisdisproportionately growth rate outpaced smaller that shares of the of foreign-bornoverall U.S. immigrant individuals population in the birth-to-age-17 as well as of thebrackets compared to the native born. With a large population of immigrants, it follows that the share of school-age children with overall (26 percent), as shown in Table 2. Additionally, about 81 percent of children of oneimmigrants or more in foreign-born Florida were parents native isborn, higher compared in Florida to 86(34 percent percent) nationwide. than in the In United Florida, States 38 percent of children in low-income families had one or more foreign-born parents, which is higher than the share of low-income children nationally (32 percent). Table 1. Foreign- and U.S.-Born Populations of Florida and the United States, 2016 Florida United States Foreign Born U.S. Born Foreign Born U.S. Born Number 4,236,511 16,375,928 43,739,345 279,388,170 Share of total population 20.6% 79.4% 13.5% 86.5% Population Change over Time % change: 2000-16 58.6% 23.0% 40.6% 11.6% % change: 1990-2000 60.6% 18.1% 57.4% 9.3% Age Group Share under age 5 0.6% 6.7% 0.7% 7.0% Share ages 5-17 4.7% 17.3% 5.1% 18.5% Share ages 18+ 94.7% 76.1% 94.2% 74.5% Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) Data Hub, “State Immigration Data Profiles: Demographics & Social,” accessed May 15, 2018, www.migrationpolicy.org/data/state-profiles/state/demographics/FL/US/. Number of ELs. percent of Florida children ages 5 to 17 are AtLEP. the3 In state contrast, level, theACS most data recentindicate data that from 5 the ACS data on the Limited Florida Department of Education, from school EnglishLEP individuals Proficient counted (LEP) populationas those who rely speak on year (SY) 2017–18, indicate ELs represented self-reportingEnglish less than of English“very well.” proficiency, At the national with 10 percent of the state K-12 student population, or 279,662 students.4 children ages 5 to 17 are LEP,1 while data the level,states ACS submitted data indicate to the federalthat 5 percent government of U.S. put the EL share of the total K-12 population at 10 children, they can be used to examine (with percent in Fall 2015.2 Althoughdue caution) ACS the data nativity seem toof undercountELs, a variable EL Table 2. Nativity and Low-Income Status of Children in Florida and the United States, 2016 Florida United States Share of Share of Number Population Number Population (%) (%) Children between ages 6 and 17 with 2,629,178 100.0 47,090,847 100.0 Only native-born parents 1,726,437 65.7 34,838,528 74.0 One or more foreign-born parents 902,741 34.3 12,252,319 26.0 Child is native-born born 734,678 27.9 10,501,024 22.3 Child is foreign born 168,063 6.4 1,751,295 3.7 Children in low-income families 1,794,316 100.0 28,363,805 100.0 Only native-born parents 1,105,680 61.6 19,216,957 67.8 One or more foreign-born parents 688,636 38.4 9,146,848 32.2 Note: The definition of children in low-income families includes children under age 18 who resided with at least one parent and in families with annual incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty threshold. Source: MPI Data Hub, “State Immigration Data Profiles: Demographics & Social.” 2 English Learners in Florida: Demographics, Outcomes, and State Accountability Policies Fact Sheet Table 3. Nativity of Florida and U.S. LEP Students, 2012–16 Share of K-12 LEP Children Born in the United States (%) Grades K-5 Grades 6–12 Total Florida 74.3 45.0 59.1 United States 82.3 56.5 70.6 Note: Analysis based on Limited English Proficient (LEP) children ages 5 and older enrolled in grades K-12. Source: MPI analysis of U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2012–16 American Community Survey (ACS) data, accessed through Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, “Integrated Public Use Microdata Series,” accessed April 25, 2018, https://usa.ipums.org/usa/. school data systems do not capture. Table 3 2017–18 were clustered in southern Florida shows that in Florida, 59 percent of school-aged children who were reported as LEP in census and the central Florida counties comprising (Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach) larger share among elementary school children datathan wereolder bornstudents. in the The United rate States,of native-born with a Tampalargest (Hillsboroughnumbers of ELs, County) shown and in Table Orlando 5, (Orangethese students County). made In the up districtsbetween with 5 percent the somewhat higher, at 71 percent. (Duval) and 20 percent (Miami-Dade) of total LEP children in the United States overall was enrollment. The most recent data available that show the top languages spoken by ELs in Florida come Finally, Table 6 shows that as grade level increases, the share of ELs in Florida K-12 Reports submitted by each state to the federal schools decreases. Whereas 17 percent of early- fromgovernment. the Consolidated Table 4 shows State thatPerformance in SY 2015-16, elementary students were ELs in SY 2017–18, Spanish was spoken by almost three-quarters Portuguese, and Arabic the next most commonly that figure dropped to 6 percent for grades 9 ofspoken Florida languages. ELs, with Haitian/Haitian Creole, throughthus exit 12. EL Thisstatus) reflects over timethe trend than thatimmigrate more students achieve English proficiency (and Among Florida school districts with toframe. the United States as adolescents or remain districts with the largest number of ELs in SY ELs beyond the typical five- to seven-year time enrollment of more than 5,000 ELs, the five Table 4. Top Home Languages Spoken by Florida ELs, SY 2015–16 Share of ELs with a Home Language Number of ELs Other Than English (%) Spanish; Castilian 199,973 74.6 Haitian; Haitian Creole 20,881 7.8 Portuguese 4,879 1.8 Arabic 3,475 1.3 Creoles and pidgins (Other) 2,681 1.0 EL = English Learner; SY = School Year. Note: Share calculated based on 268,109 Limited English Proficient (LEP) students reported by the state in SY 2015– 16. Source: U.S. Department of Education, “SY 2015-2016 Consolidated State Performance Reports Part I—Florida,” updated October 18, 2017, https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/consolidated/sy15-16part1/index.html. 3 Migration Policy Institute Table 5. Number of ELs and EL Share of Students in Florida School Districts with More Than 5,000 ELs, SY 2017–18 EL Share of Students in District Number of ELs (%) Miami-Dade 72,051 20.3 Broward 33,609 12.4 Orange 30,719 15.0 Hillsborough 25,462 11.7 Palm Beach 24,946 12.9 Osceola 12,995 19.7 Polk 10,768 10.3 Lee 9,797 10.5 Collier 7,325 15.6 Pinellas 6,633 6.5 Manatee 6,317 12.9 Duval 6,234 4.8 EL = English Learner; SY = School Year. Notes: Count includes prekindergarten students as well as K-12 students. To generate the data report used to create this table, visit the Florida Department of Education website and click on “Florida PK-20 Education Information Portal.” Then, click the “PK-12 Portal” tab at the top of the page. Under “Students,” click “Enrollment.” Select the tab labeled “Build Your Own Table,” and drag “ELL Status” from the left-hand menu to the table in the middle of the page.
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