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A Profile of Florida Today 1 Florida Is a State Full of Energy, Diversity, and Bright Ideas for the P E Rd Id Future

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A Profile of Florida Today 1 Florida Is a State Full of Energy, Diversity, and Bright Ideas for the P E Rd Id Future A Profile of Florida Today 1 Florida is a state full of energy, diversity, and bright ideas for the P e rd id future. In many ways, it is unlike any other state in the country. o PANHANDLE R The following pages provide snapshots of Florida’s geography, . Choctawhatchee people, government, economy, and place in the world. So read River on, and discover why there is so much to celebrate about Florida! Celebrate Florida’s GEOGRAPHY LAFS.1112.WHST.1.2, LAFS.1112.WHST.3.7, LAFS.1112.WHST.3.8, SS.912.G.2.1 Florida’s geography is unique. Most of the state occupies a peninsula separating the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Its coastline is one of the longest of the fifty states, and includes the most southerly point in the continental United States. Much of Florida is less than 100 feet above sea level, although northern and central areas are higher in elevation. While the northwestern part of the state is informally known as the “Panhandle,” Florida has seven regions. As you read, locate each region on the map. Florida’s Regions The Western Highlands extend land for citrus groves and cattle ranches. from the Perdido River on the Alabama Its canals, dikes, and pumping stations 1 border to the Choctawhatchee River. Like comprise a complex system of water other areas in the Panhandle, this hilly resource use and management overseen terrain produces field crops. by the South Florida Water Management District. The district works to protect and restore the river basin ecosystem, The Marianna Lowlands lie manage the basin’s plant life and land, 2 between the Choctawhatchee River improve water quality, and regulate the in the west and the Apalachicola water supply. River in the east. The Lake Okeechobee- The Tallahassee Hills stretch Everglades Basin South of Lake from the Apalachicola River east to Okeechobee the land is devoted to 3 the Suwannee River. Like the Western agricultural production of crops such as Highlands, this is an important 6 sugarcane. Further south is the Everglades agricultural area. National Park, protecting the fragile ecosystem of the Everglades—a shallow, The Central Highlands extend east slow-moving river that provides a habitat from the Suwannee River to Saint Johns for hundreds of species of animals. 4 River. The highlands also extend south through central Florida, where most of The Coastal Lowlands Florida’s citrus production is located. occupy about three-quarters of Florida’s land area, as you can see from the darker The Kissimmee Lowlands The 7 shading on the map. Offshore barrier bars 5 Kissimmee River basin supplies Lake and islands protect lagoons and bays and Okeechobee with water and provides help create Florida’s famous beaches. xxxviii Elevation Feet Meters . 328 100 R 2 s 246 75 y r 164 50 . a R M 82 25 a . l Tallahassee t o 3 31 10 c S i Jacksonville h c 0 0 a l S a t. State capital p J o A St. Augustine Other city S h u n w s a 4 R n . n e e R . 7 Gulf of Mexico ATLANTIC OCEAN Orlando 5 Tampa K i SUBTROPICAL s s Vero i m Beach St. Petersburg m e Sebring e R Bradenton . E CLIMATE LIN Kissimmee River restoration project, Lake South FL Water Management District. TROPICAL Okeechobee S 6 E D A L G R E V E E Miami H T Biscayne Bay s y The Florida Everglades National Park e K a d s ri t lo i F a t r Key West S a xxxix i d o r F l Florida’s Climate La Florida Florida’s gentle climate and lush vegetation inspired Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León to name the peninsula La Florida after the Spanish phrase for “Season of Flowers” when he landed during Easter of 1513. Florida can be divided into two climate regions, north and south of a line running from Bradenton to Vero Beach (see map on previous page). The northern region is cooler, while southern Florida is warmer. TEMPERATURE CHART Average Tallahassee Temperatures 1981–2010 Jan April Jul Oct Dec Max 63.5 79.9 92.1 81.4 65.3 Min 39.0 52.3 72.0 57.3 41.1 Average Miami Temperatures 1981–2010 Jan April Jul Oct Dec Max 74.7 81.6 89.1 84.3 76.2 Min 58.6 67.7 77.1 72.5 62.3 Source: Florida Climate Center; Florida State University Ocean Currents Florida’s 0 300 mi TN NC relatively mild winters 0 300 km Cape are influenced by the Hatteras Azimuthal Equal-Area SC proximity of the Gulf Projection N Stream, a powerful current of warm water GA flowing up from the Gulf MS AL Gulf Stream W E of Mexico, through the LA Straits of Florida and into S the Atlantic Ocean. The “Florida Current” is part ATLANTIC of the Gulf Stream system. Florida OCEAN Gulf of Mexico BAHAMAS t n Straits of e rr Florida Florida Cu CUBA xl Clay tiles on the roof create an air pocket to keep the house cool. Tall doors and Walls are covered in stucco, a windows catch kind of cement that protects the breezes to cool walls from rain and heat. the house. Mediterranean Revival Style Florida’s climate has influenced the style and materials of its buildings. As new residents arrived in the state during the land boom of the 1920s, a Mediterranean Revival style spread. With its low-pitched, red tiled roofs and stucco walls, this style was perfectly suited to Florida’s history and climate, and helped give the state its distinct look. Power and Fury Hurricane Andrew caused widespread damage in South Florida in August, 1992. Like much of the southeast and east coast of the United States, Florida lies in the path of hurricanes that form in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, or off the west coast of Africa. As these storms drift toward Florida, their terrifying energy is intensified by the ocean’s warm waters and especially by the Gulf Stream. The hurricane season lasts from June to November, although September is the month when many storms strike the state. xli Geography Shapes History Florida’s geography has shaped every aspect of its history, contributing to the state’s population increase and economic growth. Its northern soils provided fertile ground for the cash crops grown on plantations that depended on the labor of enslaved African Americans. The state’s climate helped launch a series of land booms as vacationers and new residents swelled its population and fueled its economy. For centuries, its strategic location has conferred on Florida a range of military roles, from protecting Spain’s treasure fleet to training U.S. troops during the conflicts of the twentieth century. Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine Florida’s strategic military importance was established by the Spanish fort of St. Augustine, founded in 1565, partly to protect the route of the Spanish treasure fleet, whose loot-laden ships sailed back to Spain on the fast-moving currents of the Gulf Stream. xlii Planters Move to Florida Attracted by the rich soils of the northern uplands, thousands of American planters moved into northern parts of the state after 1821. It was here that their enslaved African American workforce grew cash crops, including cotton. By 1850 there were about 1,000 cotton plantations in Florida. Bannerman Plantation, built soon after 1827 Florida Aeronautics During the conflicts and Cold War tensions of the twentieth century, Florida’s geographical location increased its strategic importance. The state’s flat terrain and wide beaches encouraged early flight testing and air force training, an aeronautic tradition that led to the establishment of Cape Canaveral for missile testing and space exploration. Rocket Launch at Cape Canaveral ASSESSMENT Key Ideas 1. Why is Florida a strategic location for the military? Critical Thinking 2. Infer The South Florida Water Management District is a government agency that oversees water resources in southern Florida. The state has four other water management districts. Use this information and the map on these pages to answer the following question: Why do you think Florida’s government has stepped in to provide policies and programs for managing Florida’s water resources? Use geographic terms such as resources and ecosystem in your answer. Writing 3. Explain Perspectives Gather information from a variety of print and online sources, including maps, on the use of renewable and non-renewable resources in Florida. Analyze each source for its strengths and weaknesses— for example, is it based on fact or opinion? Then write a few paragraphs describing the different perspectives you found, making sure to avoid plagiarizing and citing your sources in standard format. Do not rely too heavily on any one source and be sure to use geographic terms in your answer. xliii Celebrate Florida’s PEOPLE LAFS.910.WHST.1.2, LAFS.910.WHST.3.7, LAFS.910.WHST.3.8, SS.912.G.4.1, SS.912.G.4.2, SS.912.G.4.3 Floridians today live in a multi-racial and multi-ethnic society in which a variety of languages are spoken—not surprising in a state whose geographic location has made it a crossroads of cultures. Florida’s demographics, or population data, have been shaped by a history of migrations in which geography has played an important role. Race and Language RACE IN FLORIDA VS. THE U.S.: A COMPARISON Florida U.S. Population, 2014* 19,893,297 318,857,056 White, percent 77.8 77.4 Asian alone, percent 2.8 5.4 Black or African American percent 16.8 13.2 Native American, percent 0.5 1.2 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.1 0.2 alone, percent Two or more races, percent 2.0 2.5 Hispanic or Latino, percent** 24.1 17.4 *estimates ** People who identify their origin as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino may be of any race.
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