Geschiedenis Van België. Deel 5
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.0 . EDmON SOUTH AFRICA. CATEWA.YOr TIlE C""trI'& 0' t;OO1J Hon SOUTH AFRICA (THE CAPE COLONY, NATAL, ORANGE FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICAN . REPPBLIG, RHODESIA, AND ALL OTHER TERRITORIES SOUTH OF THE ZAMBESI) BY GEORGE M'CALL THEAL, D.Lrf., LL.D. NINTH IMPRESSION (SIXTH EDITION) 1on~on T. FISHER UNWIN PATBa.NOS1"Sa. SQUAIS COPVRJ(;HT BY T. FISHER UNWIN, 1894 (For Great Britain). CopfiRlGHT BY G. P. PUTNAM'S, 1894 (For the United Stal~ of America) Vb] (~ PREFACE TO FIFTH EDITION. THE chapters in this volume upon the Cape Colony before 1848, Natal before 1845, and the Orange Free State, South African Republic, Zulu land, and Basutoland before 1872, contain an outline of my History of South Africa, which has been published in -England in five octavo volumes. In that work my authorities are given, so they need not be repeated here. The remaining c~apters have been written merely from general acquaintance with South African affairs acquired during many years' residence -in the country, and have not the same claim to be regarded as absolutely correct, though I have endeavoured to make them reliable. In prep,!ring the book I was guided by the principle that truth should tie told, regardless of nationalities or parties, and I strove to the utmost. to avoid anything like favour or prejudice. The above was the preface to the first edition of this book, which was __ puJ:>lished in September, 1893. As successive edition!;" aRB"ared the volume was enlarged, and nov: it has been my task to add the saddest chapter of the whole, the one in which is recorded the bc~inning. -
Nieuwpoort, Belgium [email protected]
A Kingdom Saved by the Sea Guido Demerre Nieuwpoort, Belgium [email protected] The Belgian Army had been fighting a defensive war since the German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914. In quick succession the fortified position of Liège fell, and the Belgians withdrew to the outer fortifications of Antwerp. As commander in chief of the armed forces, Belgium’s King Albert intended to maintain his nation’s independence during this essentially Franco-Prussian conflict. Bound by a pledge of neutrality, he aimed to expell the Germans without favouring the French; he knew to fear post-war French dominance as much as German victory. Although Article VII of the Treaty of London (1839) promised European aid to protect Belgian neutrality, the king did not know when help would arrive, as the Anglo-French forces had troubles of their own in northern France. To show his support, the king launched 2 sorties from Antwerp,1 which succeeded in diverting 60,000 German soldiers destined for France. Despite the valiant efforts of little Belgium, foreign military assistance was not forthcoming. First Lord of the Admiralty Winston S. Churchill suggested that the Dutch hold the River Scheldt open to allow supplies to reach Antwerp, but the Dutch insisted on maintaining their neutrality. The British, with much more at stake in the defence of Antwerp, began sending guns and ammunition. Unfortunately, German artillery bombardments began in late September. Just as at Liège and Namur, Antwerp’s defences were no match for German guns. The Belgian clearance of the suburbs looked even worse than the aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake. -
Virtus 26 Virtus Houses Divided? Noble Familial and Class Connections During 9 the Age of Revolution and Napoleon Mary K
virtus 26 virtus Houses divided? Noble familial and class connections during 9 the Age of Revolution and Napoleon Mary K. Robinson ‘Le marriage m’a toujours fait peur.’ Ongehuwde adellijke 27 virtus vrouwen in de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw Evelyn Ligtenberg Steekpenning of welkomstgeschenk? De strijd voor eerherstel van 55 26 2019 Gerrit Burchard en Adolf Hendrik van Rechteren Michel Hoenderboom The politics of presence. Place making among the Swedish iron 75 producers in the county of Västmanland ca. 1750-1850 26 | 2019 Marie Steinrud De Belgische orangistische adel, deel II. De rol van de adel in 93 het Belgisch orangisme (1830-1850) Els Witte 9 789087 048495 9789087048525.pcovr.Virtus2019.indd Alle pagina's 26-03-20 10:36 pp. 55-74 | Steekpenning of welkomstgeschenk? Michel Hoenderboom Steekpenning of welkomstgeschenk? De strijd voor eerherstel van Gerrit Burchard en Adolf Hendrik van Rechteren1 55 Rond de jaren 1720 werd Gerrit van Rechteren voor de Raad van State gedaagd. Hij werd ervan beschuldigd steekpenningen te hebben aangenomen in zijn hoedanig- heid van gouverneur van Doornik. Samen met zijn machtige broer Adolf Hendrik van Rechteren probeerde Gerrit de beschuldiging van zich af te schudden. Wat kan deze rechtszaak en de lange nasleep ons vertellen over de dunne scheidslijn tussen corrup- tie en giftcultuur in de vroegmoderne politiek? In de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw bepaalden informele regels het speelveld van de bestuurder. Het ontbreken, of in ieder geval het beperkte belang, van formele regels was kenmerkend voor -
The Flooding Ofthe Yser Plain
The flooding ofthe Yser plain Guido Demerre & Johan Termote The northwesternmost part of Belgium played an important part in the First World War, as it was there, on the plains of the river Yser, that the advance of the German Fourth Army came to a halt. This was thanks to a tried and tested method: flooding or inundation. The flat Flemish polders, situated below sea level at high tide, were ideally suited for such a scheme. It was sufficient to manipulate the Ganzepoot sluice complex at Nieuwpoort, which controlled the inflow of seawater and the drainage ofthe polders in the hinterland. In those dramatic days of October 1914 the flooding of the Yser valley did not go smoothly at all, however. But after the war, these early setbacks were soon forgotten and the actual events were embellished. This inspired many romanticised patriotic stories, reinforced by all sorts of vanity documents written by those involved. What follows is an as objective as possible representation of the facts. Nieuwpoort viewed from the east. Aerial photograph made by a German scout on 19 August 1917. (Bundesarchiv, Koblenzj 1 Sluice at Nieuwendamme creek through which the inundation of Nieuwendamme polder took Water as a means of defence place in the night o f 21 to 22 October 1914 2 Oude Veurnesas sluice, through which the first inundation attempt was made in the night o f 26 Inundation is a means of defence that has to 27 October 1914 been used frequently in the Low Countries 3 Spillway of the Noordvaart canal, through which the flooding was carried out on 29 October at least since the end of the 16th century. -
Kasselrij Veurne. Parochies
BE-A0513_102793_101159_DUT Leenhof van de Burg van Veurne-Ambacht. Archieven rakende de parochies van de kasselrij Veurne. Het Rijksarchief in België Archives de l'État en Belgique Das Staatsarchiv in Belgien State Archives in Belgium This finding aid is written in Dutch. 2 Kasselrij Veurne. Parochies BESCHRIJVING VAN HET ARCHIEF:................................................................................5 BESCHRIJVING VAN DE SERIES EN ARCHIEFBESTANDDELEN.....................................................7 REKENINGEN VAN DE PROCHIEN VAN KASSELRIJ VEURNE.............................................7 1836 - 1843 Oostduinkerke..........................................................................................................7 1844 - 1844 Ramskapelle (alleen)...............................................................................................7 1845 - 1856 Ramskapelle en St-Joris.........................................................................................8 1857 - 1866 Pervijze....................................................................................................................9 1867/1 - 1876 Eggewaartskapelle.............................................................................................10 1877 - 1883 Avekapelle..............................................................................................................11 1884 - 1892 Steenkerke,............................................................................................................12 1893 - 1901 Wulpen en Booitshoeke.........................................................................................13 -
The Castle of Good Hope
FREE Please support our advertisers who make this free guide possible PLEASE TIP Cape Town EMPOWERMENT VENDORS GATEWAYGUIDES The Castle of Good Hope Castle of Good Hope Over the centuries six different flags have flown over The Castle yet in all that time not a single shot has ever been fired in anger at it or from it. Muizenberg 1 False Bay To advertise here contact Hayley Burger: Cape Town • South Africa 021 487 1200 • [email protected] One of his first tasks was to The style of this new castle was Peak. The present day site of the Castle is 1 The reason for a fort at the 4 5 Cape of Good Hope build a fort as the interests associated with the renowned French probably the best of a bad situation. This Cape Point With the expansion of world trade by of the Dutch East India fortress engineer, Sebastien Vauban. position is about 230 metres south east the European powers in the 1500s, Companies latest assets had Menno, Baron van Coehoorn, a Dutch of the old fort. The site is close enough 6 trade routes were vital to economic to be protected at all costs. artillerist and military engineer, was to anchorage, within firing range of the also associated with the outcome of the town and close enough to fresh water. History and facts power. The main trade route to the The first fort built at Castle’s design. The defensive system at the Cape was East used to be overland; but in 1453 the Cape of Good Hope Constantinople was captured by the This design was based on the fact that slowly rectified over time by means of of the Castle including Two days after setting foot Turks which effectively closed off this firepower due to technology had greatly many defensive structures placed around on the shores of Table Bay, 3D illustrations, trade passage. -
Ypres Ieper Ypern
Ypres Ieper Ypern NEDERLANDS | FRANÇAIS | ENGLISH | DEUTSCH Introduction Things to see / places to visit 03 Previously … Ypres is a city with a very rich and varied past. During the Middle Ages Ypres was a fl ourishing trading centre. In those days Ypres was one of Museums 07 the main Flemish cloth centres next to Bruges and Ghent. The impressive cloth hall bears witness to this golden age. Saint Martin’s cathedral and the splendid ramparts also date back to this period. During the First World War the charming town Walking / cycling / touring 10 was reduced to a heap of rubble. Ypres was almost entirely destroyed by four years of senseless violence. The citizens of Ypres rebuilt their city with respect for the past. War and peace 12 Today… The city is surrounded by a green belt, the ramparts. You can walk along them from the Ammunition Dump past Menin Gate up to the former open swimming pool. Menin Gate is the greatest war Recreation 14 monument under which the Last Post is sounded every evening at 8 pm to keep the memory of the many victims alive. The In Flanders Fields Museum tells the story and the memories of WWI by means of personal testimonies and modern techniques. Events 15 The surroundings of Ypres have a great deal to offer also. This brochure will help you discover Ypres. It lists the places of interest, sites, museums, events … 16 The city map and the map of the surroundings will Groups act as a guideline. Tourist Offi ce of Ypres Three towns on the Front Line 17 Cloth Hall, Grote Markt 34 8900 Ypres Tel: 057 239 220 19 Fax: 057 239 275 Flanders Delicious Country IeperE-mail: [email protected] Open: daily from 9 am to 6 pm (Sundays as from 10 am) Sleeping and eating 20 from 15 November through March from 10 am to 5 pm closed on 25/12 and 01/01 Copyright: Tijl Capoen (1) Cloth Hall, Belfry Things to see / places visit The Cloth Hall served as a covered sales and stor- age place for cloth on the (now vaulted) waterway called the Ieperlee. -
Castle of Good Hope Integrated Conservation Management Plan 2020
Castle of Good Hope Integrated Conservation Management Plan 2020 - 2024 DESKTOP STUDY September 2018 Vision The Castle Control Board shall be a globally significant, truly accessible centre of excellence that showcases South Africa’s shared heritage. Mission The Castle Control Board is a service-orientated public entity, striving to create an environment where national pride serves to: • Build an internationally known and recognised cultural and heritage brand for Ubuntu, dialogue, nation-building and human rights recognition; • Guarantee the development of a smooth functioning, self-sustaining, “must-see” iconic visitor and learner destination; • Optimises its tourism potential and accessibility to the public; and • Preserve and protect its cultural and military heritage by elevating it to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage status. - From the Annual Performance Plan 2018 Table of Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iii List of Maps ............................................................................................................................................ iv List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... -
Ijzervlakte, Diksmuide
IJzervlakte Diksmuide, 22 km Situering De zeepolders in de Westhoek op het grondgebied van Diksmuide (Kaaskerke, Stuivekenskerke, Keiem, Beerst ) ten noorden van Diksmuide-centrum aan weerszijden van de IJzer. Kaart NGI 20/1-2 Landschap De IJzervlakte in de zeepolders ten noorden van Diksmuide en de Handzamevaart is een uiterst vlak en bloot landschap (drie tot vier meter boven de zeespiegel). Er zijn hoofdzakelijk vette weiden en akkers die doorsneden zijn met allerlei afwateringsslootjes. Het eerste deel van de tocht heeft oog voor enkele relevante verwijsplekken naar de Eerste Wereldoorlog, zowel landschappelijk als bouwkundig. Een kleiput-natuurreservaat maakt de tocht een stukje rijker. Het tweede deel brengt je in een polder- landschap van Beerst-Blote met steeds de slome IJzer als wegwijzer. De statige IJzertoren is nooit uit het landschap weg. Wegen Merendeel asfaltwegen met enkele aangelegde wandelpaden in fijn grind. Start Diksmuide, op de parking aan de IJzertoren. Dat is in de richting Veurne, over de IJzerbrug links. Tochtbeschrijving 0 km - Spoorwegzate over de parking aan de IJzertoren 1 IJzertoren Diksmuide (Discasmutha, 11de eeuw) betekent monding van de dijk. De stad werd in de Eerste Wereldoorlog volledig verwoest. De loopgravenoorlog werd hier vier jaar lang uitgevochten in dage- lijkse beschietingen. Diksmuide was vier jaar lang bezet door de Duitsers en werd grondig vernield. Dankzij de overstromingstechniek die door de Belgen gebruikt werd geraakten de Duitsers niet verder Frankrijkwaarts. In de weide van Kaaskerke staat de IJzertoren, 84 m hoog en baken in de vlakte. De eerste toren werd gebouwd in 1928-’30 en was slechts vijftig m hoog. Hij werd door ‘onbekenden’ gedynamiteerd in 1946. -
Van Barrièretraktaat Tot Bufferstaat
Scriptie Onderzoeksseminar III A Van Barrièretraktaat tot Bufferstaat Een vergelijking tussen het Barrièreverdrag van 1715 en het verdrag waarmee het Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden werd opgericht op het Congres van Wenen in 1815 Auteur: Erik Kragting Studentnummer: 3861147 Cursus: Onderzoeksseminar III A: Wereldoorlog 0.1 Docenten: dr. D.M.L. Onnekink dr. R. De Bruin 2 Inhoudsopgave INLEIDING .............................................................................................................. 3 1. DE NEDERLANDSE BARRIÈRE ........................................................................... 5 Verdediging in de 17e eeuw ......................................................................................................................... 5 De Spaanse Successieoorlog ........................................................................................................................ 6 Onderhandelingen en de Barrièreverdragen ........................................................................................ 9 2. DE FRANSE REVOLUTIEOORLOGEN EN HET CONGRES VAN WENEN ............... 13 De Franse Revolutie ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Napoleon Bonaparte .................................................................................................................................... 14 Vredesonderhandelingen en het Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden ................................ 17 3. THE BALANCE OF POWER -
Omslag Vliz36 EN.Indd
SEA-RELATED WORDS The origin of the names of sandbanks, channels and other ‘sea-related words’ Magda Devos, Roland Desnerck, Nancy Fockedey, Jan Haspeslagh, Willem Lanszweert, Jan Parmentier, Johan Termote, Tomas Termote, Dries Tys, Carlos Van Cauwenberghe, Arnout Zwaenepoel, Jan Seys Have you ever wondered what the origin of the toponym Trapegeer is, or how cod got its name? Or are you interested in the person behind Thornton Bank or the genesis of the maritime term ‘crow’s nest’? Then you’re in luck, since a team of experts explains the meaning of some of the most intriguing sea-related words in every issue of De Grote Rede. In this special issue of De Grote Rede, we focus on the etymology of the toponym Flanders and other place names from the front area of the First World War. Due to limited space, we had to make a selection from the extensive list of cities, towns and villages in the Belgian Westhoek area that were part of the war zone. Incase of places that are no (longer) independent municipalities, we always mention the amalgamated municipality of which they are part. Then we state a few attested forms of the place name, including the oldest one. This information was mainly extracted from the work by F. Debrabandere, M. Devos et al. (2010), De Vlaamse gemeentenamen, verklarend woordenboek. The etymological explanation is also based on this publication, to which we refer the reader for extensive bibliographical references. Some name forms are preceded by an asterisk (*) in the text. This is to indicate that the form in question is not attested as such in a historical source, but has been reconstructed by linguists from derived forms found in more recent language development stages. -
EA Veurne BS Hb 1988
BE-A0512_106457_104409_DUT Plaatsingslijst van het archief van de Rechtbank van Eerste Aanleg te Veurne. Burgerlijke Stand. Huwelijksbijlagen. Overdracht 1988 (1871-1899) Het Rijksarchief in België Archives de l'État en Belgique Das Staatsarchiv in Belgien State Archives in Belgium This finding aid is written in Dutch. 2 EA Veurne BS Hb 1988 BESCHRIJVING VAN HET ARCHIEF:................................................................................3 BESCHRIJVING VAN DE SERIES EN ARCHIEFBESTANDDELEN.....................................................5 Plaatsingslijst van het archief van de Rechtbank van Eerste Aanleg te Veurne. Burgerlijke Stand. Huwelijksbijlagen. Overdracht 1988 (1871-1899)..................................5 EA Veurne BS Hb 1988 3 Beschrijving van het archief: Beschrijving van het archief: Naam archiefblok: EA Veurne BS Hb 1988 Periode: 1871-1899 Archiefbloknummer: BE-A0512.1115 Omvang: • Laatste inventarisnummer: 1336 • Omvang geklasseerd: 36.88 m Archiefbewaarplaats: Rijksarchief te Beveren EA Veurne BS Hb 1988 5 Beschrijving van de series en archiefbestanddelen Beschrijving van de series en archiefbestanddelen Plaatsingslijst van het archief van de Rechtbank van Eerste Aanleg te Veurne. Burgerlijke Stand. Huwelijksbijlagen. Overdracht 1988 (1871-1899) PLAATSINGSLIJST VAN HET ARCHIEF VAN DE RECHTBANK VAN EERSTE AANLEG TE VEURNE. BURGERLIJKE STAND. HUWELIJKSBIJLAGEN. OVERDRACHT 1988 (1871-1899) 1 Adinkerke, 1871. 1 pak 2 Adinkerke, 1872. 1 pak 3 Adinkerke, 1873. 1 pak 4 Adinkerke, 1874. 1 pak 5 Adinkerke, 1875. 1 pak 6 Adinkerke, 1876. 1 pak 7 Adinkerke, 1877. 1 pak 8 Adinkerke, 1878. 1 pak 9 Adinkerke, 1879. 1 pak 10 Adinkerke, 1880. 1 pak 11 Adinkerke, 1881. 1 pak 12 Adinkerke, 1882. 1 pak 13 Adinkerke, 1883. 1 pak 6 EA Veurne BS Hb 1988 14 Adinkerke, 1884. 1 pak 15 Adinkerke, 1885.