O Mundo Funerário Na Antiguidade Tardia Em Portugal: As Necrópoles Dos Séculos V a VIII

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

O Mundo Funerário Na Antiguidade Tardia Em Portugal: As Necrópoles Dos Séculos V a VIII www.edicoesafrontamento.pt ANDREIA AREZES em Portugal: em Tardia Antiguidade na mundoO funerário Licenciada em História, variante de Arqueologia pela Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto (FLUP) em 2002. Mestre em Arqueologia pela mesma instituição (2010), com dissertação intitulada Elementos de Adorno Altimediévicos em Portugal (séculos V a VIII), obra distinguida com o 2.º prémio de «História Medieval de Galiza e Portugal 2010» e publicada na Serie Trivium da Editorial Toxosoutos (Noia, A Coruña). Em 2010, obteve uma bolsa de Doutoramento da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, que lhe proporcionou as condições necessárias para preparar a dissertação agora dada à estampa as necrópoles dos séculos V a VIII V a dos séculos as necrópoles sob a forma de livro. A tese, inicialmente designada Ocupação «Germânica» na Alta Idade Média em Portugal: as necrópoles dos séculos V a VIII, foi igualmente desenvolvida na Faculdade de Letras e defendida em provas públicas em Abril de 2015. Autora de vários artigos publicados em Actas de Congressos e em revistas científicas, assim como de capítulos integrados em obras colectivas, é atualmente Professora Auxiliar da FLUP e, desde Julho de 2015, Investigadora do CITCEM – Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar «Cultura, Espaço e Memória» COLECÇÃO «TESES UNIVERSITÁRIAS», N.º 9 (unidade de I&D 4059 da FCT). PRÉMIO CITCEM / AFRONTAMENTO 2016 Este trabalho centra-se numa das vertentes do mundo O MUNDO FUNERÁRIO funerário cristalizado no período que medeia entre os inícios do século V e os do VIII, no espaço amplo que corresponde ao NA ANTIGUIDADE TARDIA território atualmente definido como português. Concretamente, analisa as áreas de enterramento onde se O MUNDO FUNERÁRIO O MUNDO FUNERÁRIO revelou possível identificar vestígios materiais correlacionáveis NA ANTIGUIDADE TARDIA NA ANTIGUIDADE TARDIA com a presença «germânica», daí o esforço de inventariação de EM PORTUGAL: EM PORTUGAL: EM PORTUGAL: todos os sítios que, à luz dos dados atualmente disponíveis, se AS NECRÓPOLES DOS SÉCULOS V A VIII AS NECRÓPOLES DOS SÉCULOS V A VIII enquadram nos parâmetros definidos como válidos para AS NECRÓPOLES DOS SÉCULOS V A VIII assumir a diferenciação face a outros espaços de morte: aqueles que, sem fazer eco das transformações introduzidas a partir do século V, continuaram a perpetuar os modelos herdados do ANDREIA AREZES ANDREIA AREZES ANDREIA AREZES Baixo Império, num quadro plenamente «hispano-romano». Este é o ponto de partida para a reflexão em torno das ANDREIA AREZES problemáticas que marcam o período e tema abordados. O percurso trilhado passa pela reavaliação dos «velhos» paradigmas e pela confrontação com os renovados pressupostos entretanto trazidos à colação, pelo diálogo entre os contributos da arqueologia e as informações colhidas nas escassas fontes coevas, pela discussão a respeito dos fatores de etnicidade e do papel imputado às «migrações germânicas». Em paralelo, e pelo facto de a «fonte» privilegiada deste trabalho radicar em áreas funerárias e nos artefactos nelas recolhidos, procura-se «traduzir» os moldes em que funcionava o quadro mental e religioso subjacente, questionar os «fragmentos» de realidade recuperados e, em última instância, propor uma nova sistematização para o universo que corporiza o objeto de estudo. CITCEM y y O mundo funerário na Antiguidade Tardia em Portugal: as necrópoles dos séculos V a VIII Andreia Arezes Volume I Título: O mundo funerário na Antiguidade Tardia em Portugal: as necrópoles dos séculos V a VIII Autor: Andreia Arezes Design gráfico: Helena Lobo Design | www.hldesign.pt Co ‑edição: CITCEM – Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar «Cultura, Espaço e Memória» Via Panorâmica, s/n | 4150 ‑564 Porto | www.citcem.org | [email protected] Edições Afrontamento, Lda. | Rua Costa Cabral, 859 | 4200 ‑225 Porto www.edicoesafrontamento.pt | [email protected] Colecção: Teses Universitárias, n.º 9 N.º edição: 1837 ISBN: 978‑972‑36‑1583‑8 (Edições Afrontamento) ISBN: 978‑989‑8351‑81‑4 (CITCEM) Depósito legal: 428943/17 Impressão e acabamento: Rainho & Neves Lda. | Santa Maria da Feira [email protected] Distribuição: Companhia das Artes – Livros e Distribuição, Lda. [email protected] Trabalho cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) e por fundos nacionais através da FCT, no âmbito do projeto POCI‑01‑0145‑FEDER‑007460. SUMÁRIO VOLUME I PRÓLOGO 7 APRESENTAÇÃO 13 AGRADECIMENTOS 17 INTRODUÇÃO 23 1. OS ESTUDOS DE ARQUEOLOGIA «GERMÂNICA»: ESTADO DA ARTE 31 1.1. Investigações na Europa 35 1.2. Investigações na Península Ibérica 44 1.2.1. Investigações em Portugal 54 2. QUADRO HISTÓRICO 67 2.1. As «invasões» na Europa 70 2.2. As «invasões» na Península Ibérica 89 3. A ETNICIDADE E AS PROBLEMÁTICAS EM TORNO DA FILIAÇÃO DOS MATERIAIS 107 3.1. As «culturas arqueológicas» e a etnicidade 116 3.2. A relação entre Antropologia, etnicidade e o conceito de raça 118 3.3. Definição de tribo 121 3.4. Variabilidade da interpretação: o contexto e a orientação dos investigadores 122 3.4.1. Exemplo vândalo 126 3.4.2. Exemplo visigótico 130 3.5. Uma perspetiva geral dos problemas atuais 135 3.5.1. As «grandes migrações» 137 3.6. Em suma 144 4. QUADRO MENTAL E RELIGIOSO 149 5. AS NECRÓPOLES 173 5.1. Topografias 177 5.1.1. O espaço urbano 177 5.1.2. As necrópoles rurais 179 5.1.3. Enterramentos ad sanctos e apud ecclesiam 182 5.1.4. Enterramentos em gruta 186 5.1.5. Sepulturas isoladas 188 5.2. Organização espacial, orientação das sepulturas e posicionamento dos inumados 189 5.3. Opções construtivas das sepulturas, implantação espacial e ensaio de tradução simbólica das escolhas 193 3 O mundo funerário na Antiguidade Tardia em Portugal: as necrópoles dos séculos V a VIII 5.3.1. Sepulturas com reaproveitamento de materiais 194 5.3.2. Sepulturas de lajes 195 5.3.3. Sepulturas em fossa simples 196 5.4. Reutilização tumular 197 5.5. Sinalização das sepulturas 199 5.6. Reconhecimento da utilização de caixões 201 5.7. Perspetiva global 202 6. OS SÍTIOS 205 6.1. Sítios a norte do Douro 208 6.2. Sítios entre o Douro e o Tejo 222 6.3. Sítios a sul do Tejo 258 6.3.1. O Alentejo 258 6.3.2. O Algarve 344 7. OS MATERIAIS 373 7.1. Adereços de vestuário 377 7.1.1. Placas de cinturão 378 7.1.2. Fivelas e fuzilhões isolados 383 7.1.3. Fíbulas 385 7.1.4. Botões 388 7.1.5. Apliques 389 7.2. Adornos do corpo 391 7.2.1. Anéis 391 7.2.2. Braceletes 393 7.2.3. Brincos anelares 395 7.3. Armamento ou elementos com vocação cinegética 395 7.4. Outros materiais metálicos 400 7.5. Vasilhas cerâmicas 401 7.6. Vidros 403 7.7. Outros materiais 405 7.7.1. Contas 405 7.8. Em suma 407 8. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 409 FONTES E BIBLIOGRAFIA CITADAS 415 VOLUME II (CD) ANEXO I – CATÁLOGO DOS MATERIAIS ANEXO II – DOCUMENTAÇÃO GRÁFICA Estampas dos materiais do Catálogo Outras ilustrações ANEXO III – CARTOGRAFIA E GRÁFICOS 4 O Danúbio «[...] A ninguém é possível sem asas Alcançar o que está mais próximo Directamente E chegar à outra margem. [...]» Hinos Tardios, de Friedrich Hölderlin (trad. de Maria Dias Furtado) PRÓLOGO Mário Jorge Barroca No passado do atual território português existem períodos mais ou menos obscuros, quer do ponto de vista histórico, quer do ponto de vista arqueológico, sobre os quais são mais as dúvidas que temos do que os dados seguros de que dispomos. Um desses períodos é, sem dúvida, o da Antiguidade Tardia, que abarca os derradeiros momentos do Império Romano, marcados, logo no início do século V, pela invasão e fixação dos Suevos, dos Ala‑ nos e dos Vândalos (Asdingos e Silingos) no espaço peninsular, a que se seguiram, algumas décadas mais tarde, os Visigodos. Alguns destes povos – como foi o caso dos Vândalos – permaneceram pouco tempo no espaço ibérico, deixando por isso escassas marcas. Mas outros estabeleceram ‑se de forma mais perene, como foi o caso dos Suevos, que se fixa‑ ram no Noroeste Peninsular, onde criaram uma unidade política autónoma relativamente estável, abarcando a Galiza e o Norte de Portugal, prolongando ‑se até às cercanias do vale do Tejo. Mas os vestígios materiais da presença destes povos – Suevos, Alanos ou Vânda‑ los – são muito escassos e esparsos, resumindo‑se a um ou outro achado arqueológico sobejamente conhecido, como é o caso da necrópole de Beiral do Lima ou da sepultura do Convento de Santa Clara de Beja. E, mesmo sobre estes exemplos, sempre convocados quando se estuda este período, continuamos a ter muitas dúvidas, até pelo facto de eles não resultarem de escavações arqueológicas, mas serem fruto de achados fortuitos. Poder ‑se ‑ia pensar que, em relação aos Visigodos, que dominaram a Península durante dois séculos, a situação seria diferente. Mas o facto de o território português se situar na periferia geo‑ gráfica da grande mancha das mais importantes necrópoles hispano‑visigodas, implanta‑ das na Meseta ibérica, agrava o nosso vazio de informação. Estas circunstâncias, aliadas à ausência (até um passado recente) de programas de investigação científica orientados para esta época, contribuiu para se difundir a ideia, demasiado generalizada, de que o passado «suevo ‑visigótico» do território português seria uma realidade com escassa expressão e representatividade. Como se a presença destes povos, ao lado dos substratos autóctones, hispano ‑romanos, tivesse tido menor espessura e densidade do que encontrou noutras zonas do espaço peninsular. Felizmente que, num passado recente, alguns projetos de investigação conseguiram começar a inverter este panorama. O estudo de Andreia Arezes, que o leitor tem entre mãos, é um deles, e um dos mais consistentes. Ele marca, verdadeiramente, uma inflexão nos nos‑ sos conhecimentos sobre a Antiguidade Tardia em Portugal.
Recommended publications
  • Cgpt1; MAGNA GERMANIA; CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY BOOK 2, CHAPTER 10; FACT OR FICTION
    cgPt1; MAGNA GERMANIA; CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY BOOK 2, CHAPTER 10; FACT OR FICTION SYNOPSIS The locations of some +8000 settlements and geographical features are included within the text of Claudius Ptolemy‟s „Geographia‟. To control the text and ensure readers understood the methodology there-in utilised it is evident that Claudius Ptolemy determined a strict order and utilisation of the information he wished to disseminate. That strict methodology is maintained through the first 9 chapters of Book 2, but the 10th chapter breaks all of the rules that had been established. Chapters 11 to 15 then return to the established pattern. Magna Germania was basically unknown territory and in such a situation Claudius Ptolemy was able to ignore any necessity to guess thus leaving an empty landscape as is evinced in Book 3, chapter 5, Sarmatian Europe. Why in an unknown land there are 94 settlements indicated in Germania when the 3 provinces of Gallia have only a total of 114 settlements, is a mystery? And, why does Claudius Ptolemy not attribute a single settlement to a tribal group? It appears there are other factors at play, which require to be investigated. BASIC PTOLEMY When analysing a map drawn from the data provided by Claudius Ptolemy it is first necessary to ensure that it is segregated into categories. Those are; 1) reliable information i.e. probably provided via the Roman Army Cosmographers and Geometres; 2) the former information confirmed or augmented by various itineraries or from Bematists; 3) the possibility of latitudinal measurements from various settlements (gnomon ratios); 4) basic travellers tales with confirmed distances „a pied‟; 5) basic sailing distances along coastlines and those which can be matched to land distances; 6) guesses made by travellers who did not actually record the days travelled but only the length of time for the overall journey; 7) obscure references from ancient texts which cannot be corroborated.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Sea-Caspian Steppe: Natural Conditions 20 1.1 the Great Steppe
    The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 General Editors Florin Curta and Dušan Zupka volume 74 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ecee The Pechenegs: Nomads in the Political and Cultural Landscape of Medieval Europe By Aleksander Paroń Translated by Thomas Anessi LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Publication of the presented monograph has been subsidized by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, Modul Universalia 2.1. Research grant no. 0046/NPRH/H21/84/2017. National Programme for the Development of Humanities Cover illustration: Pechenegs slaughter prince Sviatoslav Igorevich and his “Scythians”. The Madrid manuscript of the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes. Miniature 445, 175r, top. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Proofreading by Philip E. Steele The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://catalog.loc.gov/2021015848 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download Denmark in the Early Iron Age Ebook, Epub
    DENMARK IN THE EARLY IRON AGE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Conrad Engelhardt | none | 26 Apr 2016 | Palala Press | 9781354645406 | English | United States Denmark in the Early Iron Age PDF Book The Germans threatened to bomb Copenhagen and so the Danes surrendered. During the war the British navy tried to stop France importing war materials so they stopped and searched vessels from neutral countries. Women in Denmark were granted the right to vote. At the same time the Romans invaded large parts of western Europe. Clearance cairn fields are characterized by a lack of internal boundaries, the usual evidence of a permanent arable field. In southern Scandinavia, the late pre-Roman Iron Age was characterized by woodlands that expanded at the expense of open land pastures, arable land. Title: Denmark in the early iron age Item Condition: New. When an individual house went out of use, it was torn down and moved to another site within the village territory. Indeed, perhaps the only passage in the book bearing on it is a footnote, in which it is stated that Dr. Many house structures are contemporary with the field clearance cairns. They were mostly comprised of long timber structures, similar to the longhouses built by the Vikings, and were home to large families and kinships. Was it murder? This first part of the Iron age, the pre- roman Iron age, is very rare in archaeological finds, this is mostly due to the continuation of the cremation tradition as the pre-dominant burial rite from the later bronze age until at least the earliest roman iron age around AD.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture, Style and Structure in the Early Iron Age in Central Europe
    TOMASZ GRALAK ARCHITECTURE, STYLE AND STRUCTURE IN THE EARLY IRON AGE IN CENTRAL EUROPE Wrocław 2017 Reviewers: prof. dr hab. Danuta Minta-Tworzowska prof. dr hab. Andrzej P. Kowalski Technical preparation and computer layout: Natalia Sawicka Cover design: Tomasz Gralak, Nicole Lenkow Translated by Tomasz Borkowski Proofreading Agnes Kerrigan ISBN 978-83-61416-61-6 DOI 10.23734/22.17.001 Uniwersytet Wrocławski Instytut Archeologii © Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski and author Wrocław 2017 Print run: 150 copies Printing and binding: "I-BIS" Usługi Komputerowe, Wydawnictwo S.C. Andrzej Bieroński, Przemysław Bieroński 50-984 Wrocław, ul. Sztabowa 32 Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER I. THE HALLSTATT PERIOD 1. Construction and metrology in the Hallstatt period in Silesia .......................... 13 2. The koine of geometric ornaments ......................................................................... 49 3. Apollo’s journey to the land of the Hyperboreans ............................................... 61 4. The culture of the Hallstatt period or the great loom and scales ....................... 66 CHAPTER II. THE LA TÈNE PERIOD 1. Paradigms of the La Tène style ................................................................................ 71 2. Antigone and the Tyrannicides – the essence of ideological change ................. 101 3. The widespread nature of La Tène style ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
    The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • New Voices for the Ancient Goths Crusades (1) Crusades (2) by Arthur A
    Contents Introduction Children of the Storm Ballin-Stadt Brethren in Disunity New Voices for The Ancient Goths Crusades (1) Crusades (2) By Arthur A. Jones (USA) Edinburgh Germans in Ireland Part Two German Reillys Holyrood Sundial Chapter Notes Jan Hinnerk Kirkin’ o’ The Tartan ©2008 Arthur A. Jones. All international rights reserved. Land Hadeln Masonic Myths Chapter I Origins of the Goths “Priestless Church” Children of the Storm St. Jacob’s Path Possible Origins of The Goths: Wall Anchors A Synopsis Weaver Poets William McGonagall rom the time of the Goths’ Eighth Century disappearance from the European political Participants landscape, at least in terms of an ethnic or Submissions political entity, there has never been Contact agreement among writers on the issue of their origin as a people. As the author of a collection of songs and poems about them, I thought it advisable to research as thoroughly as possible the continuing dissonance amongst academicians, and then try to synthesize a probable scenario that would not have embarrassed or outraged the protagonists themselves. Lowlands-L Anniversary Accordingly, I made every effort to stay within the bounds of known or reckoned accuracy in telling the 700- Offline Resources year story of the Goths from their own viewpoints. Traditions The Crypt The following notes accompanying Chapter One comprise a brief review of the evidentiary corpus I visited Travels while writing Children of the Storm. These materials fall into several categories respecting the early history Gallery of the Goths. Language Tips I. Earliest Mentions: Members’ Links Facebook The first Roman scholar to name the Goths was Strabo after general Germanicus’ victory over the Germanic Lowlands Shops chieftain Marbod in 16 AD.
    [Show full text]
  • „…Ut Strenui Viri…” a Gepidák Kárpát-Medencei Története
    Szegedi Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Történelemtudományi Doktori Iskola Medievisztika alprogram Kiss Attila „…ut strenui viri…” A gepidák Kárpát-medencei története Doktori értekezés Témavezet ı: Dr. Prof. Olajos Terézia professor emerita Szeged, 2014 Tartalom KÖSZÖNETNYILVÁNÍTÁS ............................................................................................................... 2 I. BEVEZETÉS ...................................................................................................................................... 3 I. 1. A GERMÁN KÉP VÁLTOZÁSAI A TÖRTÉNETI FORRÁSOKBAN ÉS A KUTATÁSBAN ........................ 3 I. 2. A NEMZET NÉLKÜLI „SZEGÉNY ” GERMÁNOK , A GEPIDÁK MEGÍTÉLÉSE A KUTATÁSBAN ....... 15 II. A GEPIDA CSOPORTOK KÁRPÁT-MEDENCEI BEKÖLTÖZÉSE .................................... 20 II. 1. KIS GEPIDA İSTÖRTÉNET ........................................................................................................... 20 II. 2. A GEPIDÁK MEGJELENÉSE A KÁRPÁT -MEDENCÉBEN – ISMERKEDÉS A RÓMAI HATÁROKKAL ? ............................................................................................................................................................... 28 II. 3. GEPIDÁK A 3–4. SZÁZADI KÁRPÁT -MEDENCÉBEN ? ETNIKAI INTERPRETÁCIÓK A RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSBAN ........................................................................................................................................ 36 III. GEPIDÁK A HUN KORSZAKBAN..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568
    This page intentionally left blank Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568 This is a major new survey of the barbarian migrations and their role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the creation of early medieval Europe, one of the key events in European history. Unlike previous studies it integrates historical and archaeological evidence and discusses Britain, Ireland, mainland Europe and North Africa, demonstrating that the Roman Empire and its neighbours were inextricably linked. A narrative account of the turbulent fifth and early sixth centuries is followed by a description of society and politics during the migration period and an analysis of the mecha- nisms of settlement and the changes of identity. Guy Halsall reveals that the creation and maintenance of kingdoms and empires was impossible without the active involvement of people in the com- munities of Europe and North Africa. He concludes that, contrary to most opinions, the fall of the Roman Empire produced the barbarian migrations, not vice versa. guy halsall is Professor of History at the University of York. His recent publications include Settlement and Social Organization (Cambridge, 1995) and Humour, History and Politics in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Cambridge, 2002). Cambridge Medieval Textbooks This is a series of introductions to important topics in medieval history aimed primarily at advanced students and faculty, and is designed to complement the monograph series Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. It includes both chronological and the- matic approaches and addresses both British and European topics. For a list of titles in the series, see end of book.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Magna Dacia. a N Arrative Reappraisal Of
    INTEGRATING MAGNA DACIA. A NARRATIVE REAPPRAISAL OF JORDANES OTÁVIO LUIZ VIEIRA PINTO SUBMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS SCHOOL OF HISTORY SEPTEMBER 2016 ii iii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Otávio Luiz Vieira Pinto to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2016 The University of Leeds and Otávio Luiz Vieira Pinto iv Al contrario, rispondo, chi siamo noi, chi è ciascuno di noi se non una combinatoria d'esperienze, d'informazioni, di letture, d'immaginazioni? Ogni vita è un'enciclopedia, una biblioteca, un inventario d'oggetti, un campionario di stili, dove tutto può essere continuamente rimescolato e riordinato in tutti i modi possibili. Italo Calvino, Lezioni Americane. […] his own proper person was a riddle to unfold; a wondrous work in one volume; but whose mysteries not even himself could read, though his own live heart beat against them; and these mysteries were therefore destined in the end to moulder away with the living parchment whereon they were inscribed, and so be unsolved to the last. Herman Melville, Moby Dick. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When I crossed the Atlantic to start my doctoral research, I had no real dimension of how much certain people in my life would be fundamental to the completion of this thesis – and to go through, with head held high, the 4-year long process that it entailed.
    [Show full text]
  • Antropologia Pierwotnej Kultury Gotów Zwyczaje Pogrzebowe
    Rocznik Antropologii Historii, 2017, rok VII, (10), ss. 177–201 ANTROPOLOGIA PIERWOTNEJ KULTURY GOTÓW ZWYCZAJE POGRZEBOWE ANDRZEJ PIOTR KOWALSKI WSTĘP Kultura Gotów znana jest z licznych i ważnych opracowań dotyczących ich dziejów (Strzelczyk 2015; Heather 1996; Ščukin, Kazanski, Sharov 2006), społecznych wyobrażeń (Scardigli 1964; Wolfram 2003; Ganina 2001) oraz archeologii (Kmieciński 1962; Wołągiewicz 1981, 1986; Grabarczyk 1997; Ščukin 2005; Machajewski 2006; Kokowski 2007). Antropologia kultury kon­ centruje się na interpretacji wspólnotowo podzielanych sensów i wartości kry­ jących się w typowych dla danej grupy praktykach, zwyczajach, sposobach postępowania. Ważnym materiałem do poznania tych zjawisk są nie tylko przekazy historyczne czy źródła archeologiczne, ale także język badanego ludu. Antropolog poznaje język miejscowej ludności nie tylko w celach komunika­ cyjnych, traktuje go jak klucz do rozeznania tubylczego obrazu świata i lokalnej mentalności. Utrwalone w języku znaki realiów kulturowych i zbiorowego myślenia są intrygujące dla antropologów historii. W przypadku Gotów język znany jest wyrywkowo, rekonstruowany niemal wyłącznie z fragmentów Biblii w tłumaczeniu Ulfili. Wiadomo, że realia przedstawione w Biblii nie oddają specyfiki życia ludności germańskiej żyjącej na obszarze Europy Środkowej w pierwszych wiekach naszej ery. Pomimo wielu trudności metodologicznych, zwłaszcza natury filologicznej, warto jednak wykorzystywać znany zasób słownictwa gockiego do badań nad wybranymi sferami życia tego ludu. W niniej­ szym
    [Show full text]
  • The Gothic History of Jordanes in English Version;
    THE GOTHIC HISTORY OF JORDANES IN ENGLISH VERSION WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND A COMMENTARY BY CHARLES CHRISTOPHER MIEROW, Ph.D. Instructor in Classics in Princeton University V 3 1^ 1^ (i PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1915 Copyright, 1915, by Charles Christopher Mierow Published, February, 1915 PREFACE This edition of the Getica of Jordanes is based ERRATA p PREFACE This edition of the Getica of Jordanes is based upon the authoritative text and critical apparatus of Mommsen as found in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auc- fores Antiqiiissimi 5 (Berhn 1882), with other material added. I have adhered closely to his spelling of proper names, especially Gothic names, except in a few words which are of common use in another form. I have care- fully reviewed all the existing evidence on controverted points, dissenting in several instances from the conclu- sions of Mommsen, particularly in regard to the sup- posedly Gothic writer Ahlabius, the ecclesiastical status of Jordanes, and the place of composition of the Getica. For the Latinity of Jordanes the studies of E. Wolfflin (Arch. f. lat. Lex. 11, 361), J. Bergmiiller (Augsburg 1903), and Fritz Werner (Halle 1908) have been con- sulted, and for ready convenience of illustration in his- torical matters frequent reference is made in the com- mentary to Hodgkin's "Italy and Her Invaders" (2nd. edition. Clarendon Press, 1892), Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (edited by J. B. Bury, London 1896), Bury's "History of the Later Roman Empire" (MacMillan & Co., 1889), and "The Cambridge JVIedieval History" (The MacMillan Co., New York 1911).
    [Show full text]