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ТОРГОВЫЕ ПУТИ ЯНТАРЯ Trade Routes of Amber

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МИНИСТЕРСТВО КУЛЬТУРЫ КАЛИНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ КАЛИНИНГРАДСКИЙ ОБЛАСТНОЙ МУЗЕЙ ЯНТАРЯ MINISTRY OF CULTURE OF THE KALININGRAD REGION KALININGRAD REGIONAL AMBER MUSEUM ТОРГОВЫЕ ПУТИ ЯНТАРЯ Trade rouTes of amber Материалы международной научно-практической конференции 30 июня 2011 года, Калининград Materials of the international research and practice conference June 30, 2011, Kaliningrad Приложение к изданию: «Алатырь 2011. Каталог Четвертой международной биеннале авторских изделий из янтаря» Appendix to edition: «Alatyr 2011. Catalogue of the Fourth international biennial of amber works of art» Калининград 2011 УДК 94 ББК 63.3 (4) Т60 Проект реализован в рамках областной целевой программы «Развитие янтарной отрасли в Калининградской области на 2007 – 2011 годы», подпрограммы «Развитие Государственного учреждения культуры «Калининградский областной музей янтаря» и культурно-образовательного сектора янтарной отрасли в 2007 – 2011 годах». Т60 Торговые пути янтаря: матер. междунар. науч.-практ. конф., Калининград, 30 июня 2011 г. / ред. З.В. Костяшова. – Калининград: Калининградский областной музей янтаря, 2011. – 100 с. : ил. – ISBN 978-5-903920-21-1. Представлены материалы международной научно-практической конференции, состоявшейся 30 июня 2011 года в Калининграде в рамках проведения Калининградским музеем янтаря биеннале «Алатырь 2011». В конференции приняли участие ученые и специалисты музейного дела из России, Польши, Литвы и Украины. Во время работы конференции были рассмотрены и обсуждены следующие темы: 1. Торговые пути янтаря в древности и Средневековье. 2. Торговля предметами декоративно-прикладного искусства в XVI – XVIII веках. 3. Современные торговые пути янтаря (торговля сырьем, полуфабрикатами и янтарными изделиями). 4. Современные туристические пути янтаря. За достоверность публикуемых материалов ответственность несут авторы. УДК 94 ББК 63.3 (4) © Авторы, 2011 © Калининградский областной музей янтаря, 2011 ISBN 978-5-903920-21-1 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ CONTENTS -7- Эльжбета Хоиньска-Бохдан Elżbieta Choińska-Bochdan Направления контактов и главные зоны Directions of contacts and main zones of amber обмена янтаря в Европе с неолита до раннего exchange in Europe - from the Neolithic to early Средневековья (попытка реконструкции) the Middle ages (An attempt at reconstruction) -27- В.И. Кулаков V.I. Kulakov Пути янтарной торговли и миграция Routes of amber trade and migration of tribes племен в I–V веках в Южной Балтии in the 1st-5th centuries AD in the Southern Baltic -37- Аудроне Блюене Audronė Bliujienė Традиции янтарной торговли и ношения Amber Exchange and Amber-Wearing Traditions янтаря в Литве в римский период и эпоху in Lithuania during the Roman and Migration Великого переселения народов Periods -43- В.М. Мацуй, Е.П. Беличенко V.M. Matsui, E.P. Belichenko Добыча, обработка и торговля янтарем от Mining, processing and trade in amber from позднего палеолита до Средневековья на тер- the late Palaeolithic age till the Middle ages ритории современной Украины in the territory of the present-day Ukraine -55- Габриела Герловска, Веслав Герловски Gabriela Gierłowska, Wiesław Gierłowski Продажа сырья и распространение изде- Sale of raw material and distribution of amber лий из янтаря в XVI – XVIII веках articles in the 16th-18th centuries -64- З.В. Костяшова Z.V. Kostyashova Торговля янтарем и янтарными изделиями Trading in amber and amber articles at the на Кёнигсбергской государственной мануфак- Koenigsberg State Amber Manufactory and туре и Калининградском янтарном комбинате at the Kaliningrad Amber Factory -74- Эва Рахонь Ewa Rachoń Направления экспорта современных поль- The export directions for contemporary Polish ских изделий из янтаря amber products -81- Алиция Пелиньска Alicja Pielińska Современный туристический маршрут Modern tourist route „Amber in the collections «Янтарь в собраниях польских музеев» of Polish museums” -90- Барбара Гронусь-Дутко Barbara Gronuś-Dutko Проект мультимедийной презентации Project of the multimedia presentation «Европейские янтарные маршруты»: «Янтарь “European amber ways”: “Amber in nature в природе и культуре Европы»; «Туристиче- and culture of Europe”; “Tourism amber ways ские янтарные маршруты XXI века» of the 21st century” -97- Об авторах About authors Предисловие Introduction В сборнике публикуются материалы ме- The volume contains the materials of the ждународной научно-практической конферен- International research-to-practice conference ции «Торговые пути янтаря», которая состо- “Trade Routes of Amber” which took place ялась в Калининграде 30 июня 2011 г. в ряду in Kaliningrad on June 30, 2011 as one of the других мероприятий международной биеннале events of the International Biennial of Amber авторских изделий из янтаря «Алатырь 2011». Works of Art “Alatyr 2011”. The organizers of Организаторами конференции выступили Ми- the conference were the Ministry of Culture of нистерство культуры Калининградской обла- the Kaliningrad Region and Kaliningrad Amber сти и Калининградский музей янтаря. Ее про- Museum. The conference became possible due to ведение стало возможным благодаря действию the sub-programme adopted by the Government принятой Правительством Калининградской of the Kaliningrad Region “Development of области подпрограмме «Развитие государст- the state institution of culture “Kaliningrad венного учреждения культуры «Калининград- Regional Amber Museum” and of the cultural and ский областной музей янтаря» и культурно- educational sector of the amber industry for the образовательного сектора янтарной отрасли в period of 2007 – 2011” which stipulated as one of 2007 – 2011 гг.», которая предусматривала в ка- its chief objectives the development of scientific честве одной из своих главных задач развитие and research sector of the amber industry. научно-исследовательского сектора янтарной Currently, Europe is showing great interest отрасли. to the subject which the conference was dedicated В настоящее время в Европе очень велик to; today it acquired a new meaning and modern интерес к тематике, которой была посвящена interpretation. The European Union is currently конференция, сегодня она получила новое зву- implementing a large project “Amber Route” чание и современную интерпретацию. В рам- whose participants are museums, educational ках Европейского союза реализуется большой institutions and tour operators from many countries проект «Янтарный путь», в котором прини- including our closest neighbors. In addition to that, мают участие музеи, образовательные учре- Lithuania has been running a tourist route “Baltic ждения и туроператоры многих стран, в том Amber Route” for several years which also covers числе наши ближайшие соседи. Кроме того, the areas of Latvia and the Kaliningrad Region. в Литве уже несколько лет существует тури- Poland developed a project of reconstruction of стический маршрут «Балтийский янтарный “Campaign for Amber” along the ancient amber путь», который охватывает также территорию route from the Baltic Sea shores as far as the Латвии и Калининградской области. В Польше Mediterranean involving Slovakia, Hungary разработан проект реконструкции «Похода за and Italy. Its main goal is the search for new янтарем» по древнему янтарному пути от бе- forms of efficient cooperation and development регов Балтики до Средиземноморья с участи- of activities connected with traditional amber ем Словакии, Венгрии и Италии. Его главная routes. The project promotes the emergence of 6 цель – поиск эффективных форм сотрудниче- interesting tourism objects, creates preconditions ства и развитие деятельности, привязанной к for the integration of towns and regions, based традиционным янтарным путям. Этот проект on historical and cultural heritage connected способствует появлению интересных тури- with amber, which eventually stimulates a more стических объектов, создает предпосылки для intensive development of those areas. интеграции городов и регионов, опирающихся The Kaliningrad Region is still keeping на историко-культурное наследие, связанное away from these processes. Not least of all, it is с янтарем, что в конечном счете стимулирует connected with the lack of information on the более интенсивное развитие этих территорий. issue which has not been given enough attention Калининградская область пока находится in the Russian scientific literature; the subject в стороне от этих процессов. Не в последнюю has not been well developed and promoted by очередь это связано с недостатком информа- the Kaliningrad historians and amber experts. In ции по данной тематике, которой уделялось order to draw attention to the subject, Kaliningrad мало внимания в отечественной научной лите- Amber Museum initiated conducting the ратуре, эта тема слабо пропагандировалась ка- conference “Trade Routes of Amber” in which лининградскими историками и специалистами renowned scientists and experts from Lithuania, по янтарю. Чтобы привлечь внимание к этой Poland and Russia participated. The organizers теме, Калининградский музей выступил ини- wanted to link the Conference programme to, циатором проведения конференции «Торго- first of all, the area of the present-day Kaliningrad вые пути янтаря», в которой приняли участие Region and the area of the South-East Baltic. известные ученые и специалисты из Литвы, We do hope that the materials of the Conference Польши и России. Организаторы стремились will give impetus to the elaboration of a number адаптировать программу конференции прежде of new specific projects in the sphere of culture всего к территории современной Калинин- and tourism industry (image events, cooperation
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    II. BARBARIAN WARRIORS FROM THE BALTIC TO THE DANUBE BROTHERS-IN-ARMS? GRAVES FROM 8 BALTICA THE PRE-ROMAN PERIOD FURNISHED WITH A DOUBLE SET OF WEAPONRY KATARZYNA CZARNECKA ARCHAEOLOGIA Abstract Graves of two warriors equipped with rich sets of weapons, emerge on the Celtic territories from the early La Tène period till the end of phase D2. Graves with double sets of weapons (one and two-edged swords) placed in metal vessels are known from the apparently Germanic cultures of northern Europe. Celtic graves are evident burials of two (or more) persons, warriors of similar status expressed by analogous weaponry. “Germanic” Oksywie Culture, and Scandinavian finds are burials of individual persons, II notable warriors, who were given special sets of weapons to show their social position. A similar situation observed at an BARBARIAN archaeological level could have had different grounds and meant different phenomena. WARRIORS FROM THE Key words: burials with weaponry, Celt’s, Pre-Roman Period. BALTIC TO THE DANUBE Weapon in grave territories, finds of graves equipped with two sets of weapons. In the Celtic environment, such burials oc- The custom of equipping the dead with weaponry ap- cur rather early, in the Hallstatt period. They are not peared first in Celtic Culture. Graves in which we find very frequent, but they have been noticed, and several more or less complete sets of weapons are interpreted elaborations have been devoted to them, recently that as the graves of warriors, and the type and amount of of M. Egg (1999) who used the term “Waffenbrüder”, weaponry allows us to infer what the possible rank of or brother-in-arms, in referring to them.
  • Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568

    Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568

    This page intentionally left blank Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568 This is a major new survey of the barbarian migrations and their role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the creation of early medieval Europe, one of the key events in European history. Unlike previous studies it integrates historical and archaeological evidence and discusses Britain, Ireland, mainland Europe and North Africa, demonstrating that the Roman Empire and its neighbours were inextricably linked. A narrative account of the turbulent fifth and early sixth centuries is followed by a description of society and politics during the migration period and an analysis of the mecha- nisms of settlement and the changes of identity. Guy Halsall reveals that the creation and maintenance of kingdoms and empires was impossible without the active involvement of people in the com- munities of Europe and North Africa. He concludes that, contrary to most opinions, the fall of the Roman Empire produced the barbarian migrations, not vice versa. guy halsall is Professor of History at the University of York. His recent publications include Settlement and Social Organization (Cambridge, 1995) and Humour, History and Politics in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Cambridge, 2002). Cambridge Medieval Textbooks This is a series of introductions to important topics in medieval history aimed primarily at advanced students and faculty, and is designed to complement the monograph series Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. It includes both chronological and the- matic approaches and addresses both British and European topics. For a list of titles in the series, see end of book.
  • LCSH Section O

    LCSH Section O

    O, Inspector (Fictitious character) O-erh-to-ssu Basin (China) O-wen-kʻo (Tribe) USE Inspector O (Fictitious character) USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Evenki (Asian people) O,O-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate O-erh-to-ssu Desert (China) O-wen-kʻo language USE Phosmet USE Ordos Desert (China) USE Evenki language O., Ophelia (Fictitious character) O family (Not Subd Geog) Ō-yama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) USE Ophelia O. (Fictitious character) Ó Flannabhra family USE Ōyama (Kanagawa-ken, Japan) O/100 (Bomber) USE Flannery family O2 Ranch (Tex.) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) O-kee-pa (Religious ceremony) BT Ranches—Texas O/400 (Bomber) BT Mandan dance OA (Disease) USE Handley Page Type O (Bomber) Mandan Indians—Rites and ceremonies USE Osteoarthritis O and M instructors O.L. Kipp State Park (Minn.) Oa language USE Orientation and mobility instructors USE Great River Bluffs State Park (Minn.) USE Pamoa language Ó Briain family O.-L.-V. Basiliek van Tongeren Mariaretabel (Sculpture) Oab Luang National Park (Thailand) USE O'Brien family USE Mariaretabel van Tongeren (Sculpture) USE ʻUtthayān hǣng Chāt ʻŌ̜p Lūang (Thailand) Ó Broin family O Le Fagaloa (American Samoa) Oad Rajput (South Asian people) (May Subd Geog) USE Burns family USE Pago Pago Harbor (American Samoa) UF Oads (South Asian people) O.C. Fisher Dam (Tex.) Ó Lochlainn family Od Rajput (South Asian people) BT Dams—Texas USE Laughlin family Odhs (South Asian people) O.C. Fisher Lake (Tex.) O Loughran family Orh Rajput (South Asian people) UF Culbertson Deal Reservoir (Tex.)