DOCSLIB.ORG

The Geopolitics of Communication and Religion: Abrahamic Religions and Social Communications from a Media, Religion and Culture Perspective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Geopolitics of Communication and Religion: Abrahamic Religions and Social Communications from a Media, Religion and Culture Perspective Joan-Andreu Rocha Scarpetta THE GEOPOLITICS OF COMMUNICATION AND RELIGION: ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS FROM A MEDIA, RELIGION AND CULTURE PERSPECTIVE Doctoral Thesis Dissertation Directed by Dr. Juan F. Corona Ramon Universitat Abat Oliba CEU SOCIAL SCIENCES FACULTY Depararment of Communication 2016 3 4 To my grandfathers, Antoni Rocha and Luigi Scarpetta. The first one taught me to love knowledge. The later, to seek wisdom. 5 6 ABSTRACT Resum Aquesta tesi doctoral proposa una aproximació entre l’àrea dels estudis de comunicació anomenada «Media, Religió i Cultura» i l’estudi de la globalització i de la geopolítica en relació amb les tres tradicions religioses que deriven de la cosmovisió abrahamítica, és a dir, el judaisme, el cristianisme i l’Islam. Mitjançant una presentació de l’estat de la qüestió de la literatura acadèmica corresponent, l’anàlisi doctrinal, històrica i comparativa del desenvolupament de l’ús i la percepció dels mitjans de comunicació per part de cadascuna de les tres tradicions religioses, i mitjançant l’anàlisi de les conseqüències geopolítiques que implica aquest ús i percepció, aquest estudi pretén oferir una possible nova tendència en l’àrea acadèmica de «Media, Religió i Cultura» incloent-hi, no només la manera com les tradicions religioses específiques perceben els mitjans de comunicació a partir dels principis religiosos que les determinen, sinó també les conseqüències geopolítiques que comporta l’ús i la percepció que les religions fan dels mitjans. Resumen Esta tesis doctoral propone una aproximación entre el área de los estudios de comunicación llamada «Media, Religión y Cultura» y el estudio de la globalización y de la geopolítica en relación con las tres tradiciones religiosas que derivan de la cosmovisión abrahamítica, a saber, el judaísmo, el cristianismo y el Islam. Mediante una presentación del estado de la cuestión de la literatura académica correspondiente, el análisis doctrinal, histórico y comparativo del desarrollo de la percepción y uso de los medios por parte de cada una de las tres tradiciones religiosas, y mediante el análisis de las consecuencias geopolíticas que implica tal percepción y uso, el trabajo de investigación busca ofrecer una posible nueva tendencia dentro del área académica de «Media, Religión y Cultura» incluyendo, no solo el cómo las tradiciones religiosas específicas utilizan y perciben los medios de comunicación a partir de los principios religiosos que las determinan, sino también las consecuencias geopolíticas que conlleva tal percepción y uso de los medios. Abstract This PhD thesis proposes an approach between the area of communication studies called «Media, Religion and Culture» and the study of globalization and geopolitics regarding the three religious traditions derived from the Abrahamitic cosmovision, that is, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Through a presentation of the state of the art of the main academic literature, a doctrinal, historical and comparative analysis of the development and framing of the different media within each of the three religious traditions, and through an analysis of the geopolitical consequences that such fraiming entails, the research work aims at offering a possible new trend of study within the «Media, Religion and Cultural» academic area including, not only how specific religious traditions use and understand media according to the religious principles that determine them, but also the geopolitical consequences that such a use an understanding involve. 7 KEYWORDS / PALABRAS CLAVES Mitjans de Comunicació – Religió – Cultura – Judaísme – Cristianisme – Islam – Globalització – Geopolítica - Medios de Comunicación – Religión – Cultura – Judaísmo – Cristianismo – Islam – Globalización – Geopolítica – Mass Media – Religion – Culture – Christianity - Islam – Globalization – Geopolitics 8 INDEX ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. 7 KEYWORDS / PALABRAS CLAVES ................................................................................................................ 8 INDEX .................................................................................................................................................. 9 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 13 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 17 CAPÍTULO 1: EL FUNDAMENTO DE LA APROXIMACIÓN AL ESTUDIO DE LAS RELIGIONES ABRAHAMÍTICAS DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA COMUNICATIVA Y GEOPOLÍTICA EN EL CONTEXTO DE LOS ESTUDIOS DE «MEDIA, RELIGIÓN Y CULTURA» ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 1.1. COMUNICACIÓN, RELIGIÓN Y COSMOVISIONES ..................................................................................... 20 1.1.1. Religiones y cosmovisiones .............................................................................................. 20 1.1.2. La cosmovisión abrahamítica y su fenomenología comunicativa .................................... 31 1.1.2.1. Los fundamentos de la Cosmovisión Abrahamítica .................................................. 32 1.1.2.2. La tradiciones religiosas Abrahamíticas y la «revelación» como comunicación vertical ................................................................................................................................... 37 1.1.2.3. La tradiciones religiosas Abrahamíticas y la «misión» como comunicación transversal ............................................................................................................................. 44 1.1.2.4. Cosmovisión abrahamítica, antropología, comunidad y política .............................. 47 1.2. EL ESTUDIO ACADÉMICO DE LA COMUNICACIÓN Y DE LA RELIGIÓN: EL ÁREA DE «MEDIA, RELIGIÓN Y CULTURA» ......................................................................................................................................................... 50 1.2.1. El telón de fondo del desarrollo de los estudios sobre «Media, Religión y Cultura» ....... 51 1.2.1.1. Los elementos fundantes de los «estudios de los efectos» de los medios de comunicación ......................................................................................................................... 52 1.2.1.2. La búsqueda de un paradigma definitivo de medición ............................................. 53 1.2.1.3. El desarrollo de la importancia del contexto cultural en la comunicación ............... 55 1.2.1.4. El avenir de la tendencia crítica y educacional en los estudios de los medios ......... 57 1.2.2. La aproximación a los medios a partir de los estudios culturales .................................... 59 1.2.3. El desarrollo de la vertiente académica de «Medios, Religión y Cultura» en el análisis mediático .................................................................................................................................... 61 1.2.3.1. Los primeros pasos de la metodología específica de «Medios, Religión y Cultura» 61 1.2.3.2. La definición de la agenda de investigación de los estudios de «Media, Religión y Cultura» ................................................................................................................................. 64 1.2.3.3. La institucionalización de los estudios de «Media, Religión y Cultura» ................... 67 1.3. EL DESARROLLO FUTURO DE LOS ESTUDIOS DE «MEDIA, RELIGIÓN Y CULTURA» ......................................... 71 1.3.1. El proceso de globalización de las religiones como proceso comunicativo ..................... 72 1.3.2. La influencia de los procesos comunicativos de las religiones en el campo de la Geopolítica / Relaciones Internacionales ................................................................................... 78 1.4. A MODO DE CONCLUSIÓN: COSMOVISIÓN ABRAHAMÍTICA, «MEDIA, RELIGIÓN Y CULTURA», GLOBALIZACIÓN Y GEOPOLÍTICA ....................................................................................................................................... 91 CHAPTER 2: COMMUNICATION IN THE JEWISH RELIGIOUS TRADITION ............................................................. 93 2.1. AN OVERVIEW OF JEWISH GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS .......................................................... 93 2.1.1. The Biblical Period ............................................................................................................ 94 2.1.2. The Diaspora ..................................................................................................................... 97 2.1.3. Religious Authority and Diaspora Communities ............................................................... 99 2.1.4. The Written and Oral Law in the Process of Jewish Globalization .................................. 101 2.1.5. Messianism and Jewish Globalization ............................................................................ 102 2.1.6. Diversity and Heterodoxy within the Jewish Diaspora .................................................... 104 2.1.7.Jewish Globalization, its Contributions to Culture and the Jewish Haskalah ................... 106 2.3. REVELATION AND COMMUNICATION IN THE JEWISH RELIGIOUS TRADITION ............................................. 107 2.4. THE
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry Georgia State University College of Law, [email protected]
    Georgia State University College of Law Reading Room Faculty Publications By Year Faculty Publications 1-1-2010 A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry Georgia State University College of Law, [email protected] John Khalil Follow this and additional works at: https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/faculty_pub Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Ryan Rowberry & John Khalil, A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law, 3 Berk. J. Middle E. & Islamic L. 81 (2010). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Reading Room. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications By Year by an authorized administrator of Reading Room. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry John Khalil* INTRODUCTION With the U.S.-led "War on Terror" and the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, American legal scholars have understandably focused increased attention on the various schools and applications of Islamic law in Middle Eastern countries. 1 This focus on Shari'a law, however, has tended to elide the complexity of traditional legal pluralism in many Islamic nations. Numerous Christian communities across the Middle East (e.g., Syrian, Armenian, Coptic, Nestorian, Maronite), for example, adhere to personal status laws that are not based on Islamic legal principles. Christian minority groups form the largest non-Muslim . Ryan Rowberry and Jolin Khalil graduated from Harvard Law School in 2008. Ryan is currently a natural resources associate at Hogan Lovells US LLP in Washington D.C., and John Khalil is a litigation associate at Lowey, Dannenberg, Cowey & Hart P.C.
    [Show full text]
  • 15Th-17Th Century) Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary (15Th-17Th Century) Edited by Giovanna Siedina
    45 BIBLIOTECA DI STUDI SLAVISTICI Giovanna Siedina Giovanna Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Civilization in the Slavic World Civilization in the Slavic World (15th-17th Century) Civilization in the Slavic World of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Essays on the Spread (15th-17th Century) edited by Giovanna Siedina FUP FIRENZE PRESUNIVERSITYS BIBLIOTECA DI STUDI SLAVISTICI ISSN 2612-7687 (PRINT) - ISSN 2612-7679 (ONLINE) – 45 – BIBLIOTECA DI STUDI SLAVISTICI Editor-in-Chief Laura Salmon, University of Genoa, Italy Associate editor Maria Bidovec, University of Naples L’Orientale, Italy Scientific Board Rosanna Benacchio, University of Padua, Italy Maria Cristina Bragone, University of Pavia, Italy Claudia Olivieri, University of Catania, Italy Francesca Romoli, University of Pisa, Italy Laura Rossi, University of Milan, Italy Marco Sabbatini, University of Pisa, Italy International Scientific Board Giovanna Brogi Bercoff, University of Milan, Italy Maria Giovanna Di Salvo, University of Milan, Italy Alexander Etkind, European University Institute, Italy Lazar Fleishman, Stanford University, United States Marcello Garzaniti, University of Florence, Italy Harvey Goldblatt, Yale University, United States Mark Lipoveckij, University of Colorado-Boulder , United States Jordan Ljuckanov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Roland Marti, Saarland University, Germany Michael Moser, University of Vienna, Austria Ivo Pospíšil, Masaryk University, Czech Republic Editorial Board Giuseppe Dell’Agata, University of Pisa, Italy Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Civilization in the Slavic World (15th-17th Century) edited by Giovanna Siedina FIRENZE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2020 Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Civilization in the Slavic World (15th- 17th Century) / edited by Giovanna Siedina. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
    A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details From Cyrus to Abbas: Staging Persia in Early Modern England Hafiz Abid Masood D Phil Early Modern Literature and Culture University of Sussex March 2011 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or part to another University in whole or part for the award of any other degree. List of Abbreviations CSP Venice Calendar of State Papers…Relating to English Affairs…in the Archives and Collections of Venice, ed. R. Brown, London 1864 L & P Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign Henry VIII, 21 Vols. London, 1864-1910 CSP Foreign Elizabeth Calendar of State Papers Foreign Series of the Reign of Elizabeth ed. Arthur John Butler et.al. London 1880-1936 The abbreviations are followed by volume number and page number respectively. Acknowledgements It is my pleasant duty to thank my supervisor Dr Matthew Dimmock, whose perceptive remarks have significantly improved the quality of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Schismatics, New And
    In RevIew Humanities Schismatics, New and Old The Ferrari Humanities This spring, the Ferrari Humanities Sym- brought about by the Reformation, and how posia took the Reformation as their focus, we feel them still. symposia looks at the examining not just the rise of Protestant- reformation. ism and the corresponding Catholic Coun- Dorinda Outram ter-Reformation, but also the technological, Franklin W. Clark and Gladys I. Clark By Kathleen McGarvey political, social, and economic changes that Professor of History the Reformation ushered in, touching on The Reformation divided a hitherto nomi- A 16th-century schism in Christianity science, medicine, law, art, education, and nally united Latin Christendom. And with might seem an unlikely source for a histori- moral and ethical thought. the emergence of Protestant churches em- cal movement the reverberations of which The symposium included a two-credit phasizing individual reading of scriptur- continue to be felt today. But the Refor- course, Reformations in Western Thought, al texts, literacy becomes important. This mation, which left turbulent warfare and and featured lectures from leading schol- helps people to internalize the word of profound changes in religious and secular ars of the Reformation: Susan Schrein- Christ and the religious messages of the thought in its wake, had just such effects. er, professor of the history of Christianity reformers. When the Ninety-Five Theses of German and theology in the Divinity School at the Still unclear, however, is the actual tip- cleric Martin Luther were posted on the University of Chicago; James Simpson, the ping point of religious change; it is too easy, door of the Castle Church of Wittenberg Donald P.
    [Show full text]
  • Emperor Charles V and the Lutheran Reformation: an Attempt at Revision
    FILIP KUBIACZYK Institute of European Culture Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Gniezno Emperor Charles V and the Lutheran Reformation: an Attempt at Revision In historiography, the predominant portrayal of Charles V is that of a ruler hostile to the Reformation. Various authors, notably those unfavourably inclined towards the Habsburgs, show him as a defender of the Catholic orthodoxy and an opponent of any heresy. He is alleged to have lacked tol- erance and endorsed the papacy, as well as to have used military force to combat Lutheranism. In this context, authors draw attention to the Battle of Mühlberg (1547), where the imperial army under Charles V’s command crushed the Protestant forces, leaving the battlefield strewn with the bodies of 8,000 killed and wounded. In this paper, I seek to revise the false and overly demonised image of the Emperor, one that is particularly frequently encountered in authors of evan- gelical provenance. In my opinion, the notion of a militant Emperor-Catho- lic which the figure of Charles V has come to evoke effectively diverts one’s attention away from the ideological substrate on which his vision of Christi- anity evolved: Charles’s religiousness and his association with the teachings of Erasmus of Rotterdam. If this context is disregarded, one cannot hope to understand the approach of the Emperor to Martin Luther and Lutheran- ism. Consequently, Charles’s idea of Christianity should be outlined in order to demonstrate how it translated into relations with Luther and his move- ment. The chief proposition I am going to argue is as follows: influenced by 230 FILIP KUBIACZYK Erasmus’ thought, Charles V remained open to Christian humanism, under- stood Lutherans and sought conciliation with them; however, his attitude was neither appreciated nor acknowledged by the Protestant princes of the Reich, to whom Luther was an instrument allowing to make a bid for greater power and independence, nor was his appeal to the papacy, which rejected everything that was new as a threat to the fossilised dogmas.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecumenism and the Church in the Post-Modern Era: Historical, Biblio-Theological and Missiological Appraisal
    http://dx.doi.org/10.21806/aamm.2017.15.04 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry Vol. 15, pp. 51–69, Feb. 2017 Ecumenism and the Church in the Post-modern Era: Historical, Biblio-Theological and Missiological Appraisal Emmanuel Orihentare Eregare Ikechi Chidi Ekpendu Adefemi Samuel Adesina ABSTRACT—Ecumenism is a paramount trend in the contemporary church due to the geometrical level of division in Christendom which is contrary to Christ’s plan for the church. Scholars over the years have struggled over the attempt at solving the problem of division. Another school of thought see it as a futile exercise as it may not be addressing the real issue of the schism. The question one may ask is, Why? Does it mean that ecumenism has not really addressed the mission that caused the division in the first place? And what can we do to really bring about unity if we really want it? Can the recent thrust for unity of the Christian churches in Nigeria be based on conformists’ or non- conformists’ views on ecumenism? In this work, attempt will be made to do a critical historical, biblical-theological, as well as a missiological evaluation of the schisms and ecumenism in the history of the church. Attempt will also be made to suggest possible solutions to actualizing the desired unity within the church of Christ. Therefore, this paper concludes, among others, that there is need for Interdenominational conferences of the conformists and the non-conformists to share their beliefs frequently based on Bible alone until all denominations agree.
    [Show full text]
  • Support for Making Pauline Henotic Unity the Fulcrum of Christian Ecumenism in Nigeria
    HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 5 Original Research Support for making Pauline henotic unity the fulcrum of Christian ecumenism in Nigeria Author: Paul uses the word ἑνότης twice in Ephesians (4:3, 13), and quite strangely, those are the only 1,2 Prince E. Peters two places where the feminine noun features in the whole of the New Testament. In the two Affiliations: passages where they appear, they both relate to invisible unity, the unity of the Spirit that 1Department of Religion and produces a common faith and knowledge of the Son of God – εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως καὶ τῆς Cultural Studies, Faculty of ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Such unity suggests that ecumenism amongst Christian Social Sciences, University of denominations is not only a possibility, it is also a necessity as far as we all profess one Christ. Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria This unity is however far from ecclesiological unionism. Considering that the church appears weak from the outside when its diverse lines of doctrine, sacraments and ministerial ethics are 2Department of New Testament Studies and emphasised. This suggests that a reasonable antidote would be the emphasis on the philosophy Related Literature, Faculty of of unity amidst our diversity especially to the hearing of non-Christians. Theology and Religion, University of Pretoria, Contribution: This study makes firm the belief that Christianity is formed on divergent Pretoria, South Africa traditions that produced various strands of practices, which in turn produce different Christian sects and denominations, and a reverse is not possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Shepherd Template
    FROM THE FATHERS “WHERE the Church is, there is the Spirit of God; and where the Spirit of God is, there the Church and every grace. The Spirit, however, is Truth.” Holy Hieromartyr Irenaeus of Lyons, + 202 A.D. “FROM THIS CHURCH even those who are involved in various errors outside the Church can receive forgiveness of their sins, if, while they are still in this world, they will be converted to this same Church in a correct belief and in contrite and heartfelt humility. Let them hasten, then, while there is yet time, to their legitimate Mother, who diligently sustains and nourishes the sons born in her womb.” Saint Fulgentius of Ruspe, + 527 A.D. “LET US RECEIVE the tradition of the Church in simplicity of heart, without vain questioning, since God created man to be straightforward, but he has entangled himself with an infinity of questions. Let us not allow ourselves to learn a new faith, in opposition to the tradition of the fathers.” Ven. John of Damascus, + 780 A.D. “LET US WORSHIP, according to the Orthodox Faith, the eternal will and power and kingdom of the Trinity, always covering Arius with infamy. Let us honour thee, O Lady, in a proper manner, as the one who gave birth to God, relying on the dogmas of the holy fathers, and leaving aside the vain teachings of Nestorius.” Ven. Theodore the Studite, + 826 A.D. 1 “LIKEWISE on Sunday [the Sunday of Orthodoxy] we all make commemoration of the Orthodox Faith and sing hymns of thanks- giving to God, Who is all-good.
    [Show full text]
  • Science, Theology and the Holy Shroud
    Science, Theology and the Holy Shroud Edited Papers from the 2019 International Conference on the Turin Shroud Hosted by: The Arthur Custance Centre for Science and Christianity R. Gary Chiang and Evelyn M. White Editors Science, Theology and the Holy Shroud: Edited Papers from the 2019 International Conference on the Turin Shroud R. Gary Chiang and Evelyn M. White, Editors Copyright © 2020 Doorway Publications, Ancaster, Ontario, Canada. All rights reserved. No part of this pdf-ebook may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Doorway Publications, 346 Southcote Road, Ancaster, Ontario, Canada, L9G 2W2. Email: [email protected] Website: www.custance.org Doorway Publications is the publishing division of the Arthur Custance Centre for Science and Christianity, a Christian organization which seeks to preserve, promote, and re-publish the written works of Arthur C. Custance and to stimulate study of the Bible in the light it receives from, and contributes to, the whole field of knowledge by means of publications, electronic media, and education. ISBN: 978-0919857-95-7 National Library of Canada Holy Face under Microscope: R. Gary Chiang’s modification of Arthur C. Custance’s stylistic drawing of a microscope which appears in A.C. Custance, Seed of the Woman, 3rd Edition, Doorway Publications, 2014. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to three individuals who made the conference a wonderful experience. Prof. Jennifer Chiang (above left), as conference coordinator, ensured each day went well, and the two moderators, Vanessa Chiang (middle) and Nichole Rosenberg (right), expertly facilitated the sessions helping with lecture room technology and keeping speakers comfortable and on time.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Twenty Christianity and the African
    Chapter Twenty Christianity and the African Cultural Heritage798 J.N.K. Mugambi INTRODUCTION The term Culture in its widest usage is the totality of a people's way of life. Language is one of the most important aspects of a people's identity because it is the most common medium of communication. But it is not the only ingredient of culture. Moreover, when a language becomes an international medium of communication it ceases to be the exclusive possession of the people who initially developed it for their cultural identity and communication. This has happened with English, Frensch, Portuguese, Spanish, Russian and Arabic. These languages are spoken by many people outside England, France, Portugal, Spain Russia and Saudi Arabia. English, French and Portuguese are important media for cultural communication in contemporary Africa. Art, architecture, music, dance, literature (oral and written), social customs, culinary tastes, fashion, sporting interests-all these are ingredients of culture. When the expressions Western culture and African culture are used, all these aspects are presupposed. Christianity is not a culture, but the Christian faith can be expressed and communicated only through cultural media.799 A Christian is a person who has accepted the Christian faith and made a firm decision to become a 798 This Contribution is a revised excerpt from a chapter in J.N.K. MUGAMBI, "Christianity and African Cultural Heritage", in Christianity and African Culture (Nairobi: Acton, 2002), ch. 8. 799 For a discussion on the relationship between Christianity and Culture, see H. Richard NIEBUHR, Christ and Culture (New York: Harper and Row, 1951). See also Eugene A.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Education Teacher Guide
    The Church‘s Story – The Middle Ages LEARNING STRAND: CHURCH HISTORY RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND 10D TEACHER GUIDE THE LOGO The logo is an attempt to express Faith as an inward and outward journey. This faith journey takes us into our own hearts, into the heart of the world and into the heart of Christ who is God’s love revealed. In Christ, God transforms our lives. We can respond to his love for us by reaching out and loving one another. The circle represents our world. White, the colour of light, represents God. Red is for the suffering of Christ. Red also represents the Holy Spirit. Yellow represents the risen Christ. The direction of the lines is inwards except for the cross, which stretches outwards. Our lives are embedded in and dependent upon our environment (green and blue) and our cultures (patterns and textures). Mary, the Mother of Jesus Christ, is represented by the blue and white pattern. The blue also represents the Pacific… Annette Hanrahan RSCJ UNDERSTANDING FAITH YEAR 10 This book is the Teacher Guide to the following topic in the UNDERSTANDING FAITH series 10D THE CHURCH’S STORY – THE MIDDLE AGES (800-1500 AD) TEACHER GUIDE © Copyright 2002 by National Centre for Religious Studies No part of this document may be reproduced in any way, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, without prior permission of the publishers. Imprimatur: † Leonard Boyle DD Bishop of Dunedin Episcopal Deputy for Religious Studies October 2002 Authorised by the New Zealand Catholic Bishops’ Conference Published by: National Centre for Religious Studies Catholic Centre P O Box 1937 Wellington New Zealand Printed by: Printlink 33-43 Jackson Street Petone Private Bag 39996 Wellington Mail Centre Lower Hutt 5045 Māori terms are italicised in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law
    A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry John Khalil* INTRODUCTION With the U.S.-led "War on Terror" and the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, American legal scholars have understandably focused increased attention on the various schools and applications of Islamic law in Middle Eastern countries. 1 This focus on Shari'a law, however, has tended to elide the complexity of traditional legal pluralism in many Islamic nations. Numerous Christian communities across the Middle East (e.g., Syrian, Armenian, Coptic, Nestorian, Maronite), for example, adhere to personal status laws that are not based on Islamic legal principles. Christian minority groups form the largest non-Muslim . Ryan Rowberry and Jolin Khalil graduated from Harvard Law School in 2008. Ryan is currently a natural resources associate at Hogan Lovells US LLP in Washington D.C., and John Khalil is a litigation associate at Lowey, Dannenberg, Cowey & Hart P.C. in New York City. The authors would like to thank the numerous lay and clerical Copts that were interviewed for their time, honesty, and unstinting hospitality. The authors also owe an immense debt of gratitude to Professor Janet Halley of Harvard Law School for her unfailing encouragement of this project. Furthermore, Professor Amr Shalakany of the American University in Cairo and Jacqueline Saad were invaluable in introducing the authors to the latest Coptic research. A very special thanks is also due to the Islamic Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School for the research grant that enabled the authors to conduct research in Egypt. This Article is undoubtedly richer as a result of such generosity.
    [Show full text]