DOCSLIB.ORG

Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details From Cyrus to Abbas: Staging Persia in Early Modern England Hafiz Abid Masood D Phil Early Modern Literature and Culture University of Sussex March 2011 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or part to another University in whole or part for the award of any other degree. List of Abbreviations CSP Venice Calendar of State Papers…Relating to English Affairs…in the Archives and Collections of Venice, ed. R. Brown, London 1864 L & P Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign Henry VIII, 21 Vols. London, 1864-1910 CSP Foreign Elizabeth Calendar of State Papers Foreign Series of the Reign of Elizabeth ed. Arthur John Butler et.al. London 1880-1936 The abbreviations are followed by volume number and page number respectively. Acknowledgements It is my pleasant duty to thank my supervisor Dr Matthew Dimmock, whose perceptive remarks have significantly improved the quality of this thesis. He has been a constant source of inspiration for me throughout my stay at Sussex to accomplish this project almost within the stipulated time. Thank you once again. Similarly, I owe a debt to a number of people in Pakistan, both my teachers at Government College University, Lahore, where I completed my M Phil and International Islamic University, Islamabad where I learnt the interdisciplinarity that led me to become interested in Anglo-Islamic relations. At the former institution, I would especially like to mention Professor Waseem Anwar, Dr Farhan Ebadat Yar Khan and Professor Nausheen Khan who all supported me in my academic endeavours. At IIUI, I can’t express my gratitude enough for Professor Zafar Ishaq Ansari, Director, Islamic Research Institute, who encouraged me to follow the line that eventually brought me to University of Sussex. Like so many young people from the developing world, I have benefited immensely from the ‘blessings’ of information technology being able to connect with a number of people around the world. I was lucky enough to have known Professor Nabil Matar’s work in my undergrad days and later get in touch with him via email. I would like to thank him for his kindness to me over these years. Professor Bernadette Andrea also deserves my sincere gratitude for being really kind to me and I have learnt a lot from her work on Persia. My D Phil would have been a dream without the funding from Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. I would like to thank Professor Ataur Rehman, the then Chairman of HEC whose role in reforming Pakistan’s higher education will always be remembered. I would also like to thank the current Chairman of HEC, Dr Javed Leghari, who has done a commendable job by leading the HEC in difficult financial circumstances with great success. Finally, I am grateful to my Project Director, Rana Shafiq Ahmad, Project Managers, Nadeem Javed and Madiha Butt as well as Mr Dara Shikoh who have performed their job excellently, as far as I can tell. Last but not the least, my family, both here and in Pakistan, has been a great source of joy and comfort. The prayers and good wishes of my parents have always accompanied me wherever I go. I thank them for that. Samina, Salman and Zainab have never let me feel that I am abroad. Thanks Samina for making Park Village a home away from home. Salamn and Zainab, smiling, take whole day’s fatigue away. Thanks Salman!! Thanks Zainab!! University of Sussex Hafiz Abid Masood, D. Phil Early Modern Literature and Culture From Cyrus to Abbas: Staging Persia in Early Modern England Summary This thesis considers the different ways Persia was perceived in early modern England. Persia, understudied in recent scholarship, played an important role in the early modern English imagination, both as a classical civilization and as a counterweight to the Ottoman threat to Christendom. This classical heritage and anti-Ottomanism, when intersected with a Persian Muslim identity, resulted in a complex phenomenon. This thesis is an attempt to understand the various cross currents that constructed this complex image. Chapter One discusses English interest in classical Persian themes in the wake of Renaissance humanism. It focuses on three classical ‘Persian’ plays featuring Achaemenid Kings; Cambyses, Darius and Cyrus, and investigates how classical Persia became a focus of interest for Elizabethan playwrights. Chapter Two moves to the wars between the Ottomans and Safavids and how they fascinated many English writers of the time. Paying specific attention to Usumcasane in Marlowe’s Tambulaine plays, the chapter suggests the significance of Persian references in the play and offers a new interpretation of the notorious Qur’an burning scene. Chapter Three analyses John Thomas Minadoi’s Historie of Warres betweene the Turkes and the Persians and shows the significance of Christian knowledge of schism in Islam for Catholic-Protestant debates. Chapter Four concentrates on the representation of Persia in Romance texts from late Elizabethan England and shows that despite being hailed as an anti-Ottoman power, Persia’s anti-Christian Islamic identity, which was also suggested by Minadoi, becomes manifest in the alliance of ‘Sultan’ and ‘Sophy’ against the Crusaders. Chapter Five combines two crucial moments in Anglo- Persian encounters: Jenkinson’s trading mission and the ‘travailes” of the Sherley brothers. Through an analysis of the play The Travailes of the Three English Brothers, the argument of the chapter is that it represents the cumulative experience of Englishmen in Persia in the early modern period. Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 The ‘sworne enemie to the Turk’: Differentiating ‘Turks’ and Persians in Elizabethan England ................................................................................................................................ 55 Complicating ‘Turks’ and the Persians: John Thomas Minadoi’s Historie of Warres betweene the Turkes and the Persians ................................................................................. 84 ‘Great Sherley’s Church’: Travel, Drama and Anglo-Persian Encounters in the Early Modern Period .................................................................................................................... 147 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 180 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................. 192 Appendix ............................................................................................................................ 207 1 Introduction The phenomenal rise in studies of the representation of Islam and Muslims in early modern English literature in the last decade has mainly focussed on the Ottoman Turks and African Moors as is demonstrated in a recent bibliography (Masood, 2005). The central position of Ottomans and Africans in such studies can be explained with reference to their presence as central figures in two of the most canonical of English dramatists, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare, in particular in Tamburlaine I and II and Othello. Turks and Moors, however, were not the only Muslim communities that Englishmen came across in the early modern period. The two other important Muslim empires were the Mughals and the Safavid Persians. Mughal India has been paid some attention in early modern east-west relations by scholars like Jyotsna Singh, Pompa Banerjee and Richmond Barbour among others (Singh, 1996; Banerjee, 2003; Barbour, 2003). These studies, however, are not concerned with how the English interaction with the Mughal Empire brought about a change in attitudes towards Islam in Early Modern England. Safavid Persia, then is the territory that has been largely ignored by recent scholarship working on early modern Anglo-Islamic relations with the result that our understanding of English perceptions of Islam and Muslims in the early modern period today is based on Anglo-Ottoman or Anglo- African contacts and is consequently partial. This thesis aims at broadening this understanding by closely studying the representation of Persia in early modern English writings. In January 1540 Sir Thomas Wyatt was in France as Henry VIII’s ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. The purpose of his visit was to persuade the Emperor to hand over one of the English rebels in his royal train as required by the treaties between the Holy Roman Empire and England. After meeting the Emperor, Wyatt sent a despatch to Henry VIII which describes what transpired in that meeting: Had access to his Majesty, along with Tate, on Twelfth Even after dinner, who after reading the king’s letters and reading credence, asked who the rebel was. Said,
Recommended publications
  • A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry Georgia State University College of Law, Rrowberry@Gsu.Edu

    A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry Georgia State University College of Law, [email protected]

    Georgia State University College of Law Reading Room Faculty Publications By Year Faculty Publications 1-1-2010 A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry Georgia State University College of Law, [email protected] John Khalil Follow this and additional works at: https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/faculty_pub Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Ryan Rowberry & John Khalil, A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law, 3 Berk. J. Middle E. & Islamic L. 81 (2010). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Reading Room. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications By Year by an authorized administrator of Reading Room. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Brief History of Coptic Personal Status Law Ryan Rowberry John Khalil* INTRODUCTION With the U.S.-led "War on Terror" and the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, American legal scholars have understandably focused increased attention on the various schools and applications of Islamic law in Middle Eastern countries. 1 This focus on Shari'a law, however, has tended to elide the complexity of traditional legal pluralism in many Islamic nations. Numerous Christian communities across the Middle East (e.g., Syrian, Armenian, Coptic, Nestorian, Maronite), for example, adhere to personal status laws that are not based on Islamic legal principles. Christian minority groups form the largest non-Muslim . Ryan Rowberry and Jolin Khalil graduated from Harvard Law School in 2008. Ryan is currently a natural resources associate at Hogan Lovells US LLP in Washington D.C., and John Khalil is a litigation associate at Lowey, Dannenberg, Cowey & Hart P.C.
  • 15Th-17Th Century) Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary (15Th-17Th Century) Edited by Giovanna Siedina

    15Th-17Th Century) Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary (15Th-17Th Century) Edited by Giovanna Siedina

    45 BIBLIOTECA DI STUDI SLAVISTICI Giovanna Siedina Giovanna Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Civilization in the Slavic World Civilization in the Slavic World (15th-17th Century) Civilization in the Slavic World of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Essays on the Spread (15th-17th Century) edited by Giovanna Siedina FUP FIRENZE PRESUNIVERSITYS BIBLIOTECA DI STUDI SLAVISTICI ISSN 2612-7687 (PRINT) - ISSN 2612-7679 (ONLINE) – 45 – BIBLIOTECA DI STUDI SLAVISTICI Editor-in-Chief Laura Salmon, University of Genoa, Italy Associate editor Maria Bidovec, University of Naples L’Orientale, Italy Scientific Board Rosanna Benacchio, University of Padua, Italy Maria Cristina Bragone, University of Pavia, Italy Claudia Olivieri, University of Catania, Italy Francesca Romoli, University of Pisa, Italy Laura Rossi, University of Milan, Italy Marco Sabbatini, University of Pisa, Italy International Scientific Board Giovanna Brogi Bercoff, University of Milan, Italy Maria Giovanna Di Salvo, University of Milan, Italy Alexander Etkind, European University Institute, Italy Lazar Fleishman, Stanford University, United States Marcello Garzaniti, University of Florence, Italy Harvey Goldblatt, Yale University, United States Mark Lipoveckij, University of Colorado-Boulder , United States Jordan Ljuckanov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Roland Marti, Saarland University, Germany Michael Moser, University of Vienna, Austria Ivo Pospíšil, Masaryk University, Czech Republic Editorial Board Giuseppe Dell’Agata, University of Pisa, Italy Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Civilization in the Slavic World (15th-17th Century) edited by Giovanna Siedina FIRENZE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2020 Essays on the Spread of Humanistic and Renaissance Literary Civilization in the Slavic World (15th- 17th Century) / edited by Giovanna Siedina. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2020.
  • 'Bardwashing' Shakespeare: Food Justice, Enclosure, and the Poaching Poet Kevin A. Quarmby1 KEYWORDS

    'Bardwashing' Shakespeare: Food Justice, Enclosure, and the Poaching Poet Kevin A. Quarmby1 KEYWORDS

    Journal of Social Justice, Vol. 5, 2015 (© 2015) ISSN: 2164-7100 ‘Bardwashing’ Shakespeare: Food Justice, Enclosure, and the Poaching Poet Kevin A. Quarmby1 William Shakespeare arguably represents the height of English intellectual creativity. His drama and poetry transcend his mortality, speaking to generation upon generation with an authoritative appeal that seems morally superior because of its durability over the centuries. In his play As You Like It, Shakespeare even appears to glorify the social bandit and proto food activist. Characters that survive in the Forest of Arden by poaching their usurping duke’s deer are likened to the mythical figure, Robin Hood. The allusion achieves greater significance when considered alongside near- contemporary pseudo-biographies that record Shakespeare’s early life as a poacher and youthful renegade. At face value, Shakespeare’s Robin Hood reference might suggest his subtle advocacy of food sovereignty and social justice. This romanticized image is supported by later historiographies that interpret medieval and early modern enclosure from a specifically partisan viewpoint. Early nineteenth century historians who referenced More’s Utopia, and whose influence is evident in enclosure analyses ranging from Marx to Polanyi and Bookchin, unwittingly assist in perpetuating the iconography of the social bandit Shakespeare, united with his rebellious rural contemporaries. Surprisingly, however, Shakespeare’s true personality – that of a shrewd and ruthless businessman, at ease with hoarding in time of famine as purchasing common-land rights and privileges at the expense of his impoverished neighbors – is less familiar. The opportunistic, land-grabbing, pro-enclosure Bard, while not erased from critical view, is certainly shielded by the bardolatrous hero- worship of later ages.
  • The Development of Anti-Catholicism in Early Modern English Drama

    The Development of Anti-Catholicism in Early Modern English Drama

    From tendency to feature: The development of anti-Catholicism in early modern English drama INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) dem Fachbereich Fremdsprachliche Philologien der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Carolina Bauer aus Offenbach/ Main Magistra Artium Gutachter/in Prof. Dr. Sonja Fielitz Prof. Dr. Martin Kuester Einreichungstermin: 08.04.2015 Prüfungstermin: 02.09.2015 (Marburg, 2015) Hochschulkennziffer: 1180 Vom Fachbereich Fremdsprachliche Philologien der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation angenommen am:………………………………… Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Sonja Fielitz Prof. Dr. Martin Kuester Meiner Familie Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt die Darstellung und Entwicklung antikatholischer Ansichten und Meinungen im reformatorischen England der frühen Neuzeit. Anhand der Verknüpfung faktischer Rechtstexte, historischer Gegebenheiten und fiktionaler Dramentexte wird gezeigt, dass innerhalb eines Jahrhunderts der Glaube in England vollständig vom Katholizismus abrückte und sich dem Protestantismus zuwandte. Da dies unter dem Druck der Regierungen geschah, die mit erheblichen Geld- und Freiheitsstrafen drohten, sollten ihre Forderungen, Vorgaben und Verbote nicht eingehalten werden, waren Konflikte unumgänglich. Wie diese Konvertierung ablief, welche Spuren sie in der Gesellschaft und dem Drama bzw. dem Theater der Zeit hinterließ, ist Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf dem wechselseitigen Einfluss von Politik, Gesellschaft und Drama, dessen Analyse und Darstellung zum Ziel hat aufzuzeigen, dass vor allem in dieser Epoche (die jedoch sinnbildlich für jede andere sich im Umbruch befindende Ära stehen kann) die Beziehung zwischen Bevölkerung/Theaterzuschauer, Drama/Theater und dem machthabenden Herrscher bzw. dessen/deren Regierung keineswegs einseitig gesteuert war, sondern durch einen gegenseitigen, unterschwelligen Einfluss bestimmt wurde. Im einleitenden Teil der Arbeit wird der historische Hintergrund beleuchtet.
  • ANTHONY MUNDAY and HIS BOOKS a NTHONY MUNDAY Has Sometimes Been Under-Rated, / \ but I Have No Wish to Put in a Claim for Him As

    ANTHONY MUNDAY and HIS BOOKS a NTHONY MUNDAY Has Sometimes Been Under-Rated, / \ but I Have No Wish to Put in a Claim for Him As

    ANTHONY MUNDAY AND HIS BOOKS BY M. ST. CLARE BYRNE.1 Downloaded from A NTHONY MUNDAY has sometimes been under-rated, /\ but I have no wish to put in a claim for him as a long- J- Xneglected genius. If justification for this paper is needed I would rather base it on his inconvenient Jack-in-the- http://library.oxfordjournals.org/ box habit of appearing suddenly in the midst of some respectable academic controversy, as if maliciously determined to introduce as many complications and uncertainties as possible. He has thus succeeded in compelling every now and again the more or less grudging consideration of the scholar, so that the results of an independent study of his career may have some interest. He was associated at one time or another with many of the finest dramatists of the age, he worked in collaboration with Dekker, Webster, and at East Carolina University on July 13, 2015 Middleton, and he seems to have been the chief writer of a play to which Shakespeare himself may have contributed. Independently, too, he has this claim to urge—that he was an Elizabethan of remarkable longevity—being eighty when he died—and that he moved all his life, as one might say, in the best circles—best, that is, in so far as the production of literature was concerned. He comes before us as an actor, prentice, poet, spy, journalist, recusant-hunter, pamphleteer, playwright, pageant-poet, antiquary, translator, citizen, and draper. The bare facts of his life provide us with an ' Elizabethan document' which more than repays study, and there is, finally, as I hope to show, intrinsic literary merit in some of his work.
  • Redalyc.Bibliography Japan and the Japanese in Printed Worksin Europe

    Redalyc.Bibliography Japan and the Japanese in Printed Worksin Europe

    Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Oliveira e Costa, João Paulo Bibliography Japan and the japanese in printed worksin europe in the sixteenth century Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 14, june, 2007, pp. 43-107 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36101403 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2007, 14, 43-107 BIBLIOGRAPHY JAPAN AND THE JAPANESE IN PRINTED WORKS 1 IN EUROPE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY João Paulo Oliveira e Costa Centro de História de Além-Mar, New University of Lisbon Japan was practically isolated from the rest of the world when the first Portuguese disembarked there, in 1543. In Europe, it was only known that beyond China there was a huge island, Cipango, inhabited by heathens who had been capable of resisting the attacks of the Mongols, the conquerors of China. However, the location of Cipango did not coincide with that of Japan: the south of the archipelago lies roughly to the east of Korea and the extreme west of China, but European geographers placed Cipango opposite the southern provinces of the Middle Empire and in the middle of the ocean, rather than at a short distance from the mainland.2 Alongside this truthful yet imprecise information, other more fanciful information was circulating, which had been picked up by Marco Polo on the coast of the Celestial 1 The list of printed works presented here was published for the first time in an article with the same title, in my book O Japão e o Cristianismo no século XVI.
  • The Impact of the Modernity Discourse on Persian Fiction

    The Impact of the Modernity Discourse on Persian Fiction

    The Impact of the Modernity Discourse on Persian Fiction Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Comparative Studies in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Saeed Honarmand, M.A. Graduate Program in Comparative Studies The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Richard Davis, Advisor Margaret Mills Philip Armstrong Copyright by Saeed Honarmand 2011 Abstract Modern Persian literature has created a number of remarkable works that have had great influence on most middle class people in Iran. Further, it has had representation of individuals in a political context. Coming out of a political and discursive break in the late nineteenth century, modern literature began to adopt European genres, styles and techniques. Avoiding the traditional discourses, then, became one of the primary characteristics of modern Persian literature; as such, it became closely tied to political ideologies. Remarking itself by the political agendas, modern literature in Iran hence became less an artistic source of expression and more as an interpretation of political situations. Moreover, engaging with the political discourse caused the literature to disconnect itself from old discourses, namely Islamism and nationalism, and from people with dissimilar beliefs. Disconnectedness was already part of Iranian culture, politics, discourses and, therefore, literature. However, instead of helping society to create a meta-narrative that would embrace all discourses within one national image, modern literature produced more gaps. Historically, there had been three literary movements before the modernization process began in the late nineteenth century. Each of these movements had its own separate discourse and historiography, failing altogether to provide people ii with one single image of a nation.
  • Schismatics, New And

    Schismatics, New And

    In RevIew Humanities Schismatics, New and Old The Ferrari Humanities This spring, the Ferrari Humanities Sym- brought about by the Reformation, and how posia took the Reformation as their focus, we feel them still. symposia looks at the examining not just the rise of Protestant- reformation. ism and the corresponding Catholic Coun- Dorinda Outram ter-Reformation, but also the technological, Franklin W. Clark and Gladys I. Clark By Kathleen McGarvey political, social, and economic changes that Professor of History the Reformation ushered in, touching on The Reformation divided a hitherto nomi- A 16th-century schism in Christianity science, medicine, law, art, education, and nally united Latin Christendom. And with might seem an unlikely source for a histori- moral and ethical thought. the emergence of Protestant churches em- cal movement the reverberations of which The symposium included a two-credit phasizing individual reading of scriptur- continue to be felt today. But the Refor- course, Reformations in Western Thought, al texts, literacy becomes important. This mation, which left turbulent warfare and and featured lectures from leading schol- helps people to internalize the word of profound changes in religious and secular ars of the Reformation: Susan Schrein- Christ and the religious messages of the thought in its wake, had just such effects. er, professor of the history of Christianity reformers. When the Ninety-Five Theses of German and theology in the Divinity School at the Still unclear, however, is the actual tip- cleric Martin Luther were posted on the University of Chicago; James Simpson, the ping point of religious change; it is too easy, door of the Castle Church of Wittenberg Donald P.
  • Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert's 1583

    Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert's 1583

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History History, Department of 5-2013 Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World Nathan Probasco University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the European History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the United States History Commons Probasco, Nathan, "Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World" (2013). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 56. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World by Nathan J. Probasco A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor Carole B. Levin Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2013 Researching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic World Nathan J. Probasco, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2013 Advisor: Carole B.
  • Suicide of Holly Glynn from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

    Suicide of Holly Glynn from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

    Suicide of Holly Glynn From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Holly Glynn High school portrait of Holly Glynn, circa 1984 Born Holly Jo Glynn September 11, 1966 Died September 20, 1987 (aged 21) Dana Point, Orange County, California Cause of death Suicide by jumping Other names Dana Point Jane Doe Known for Former unidentified decedent Holly Jo Glynn (September 11, 1966 – September 20, 1987)[1] was a formerly unidentified American woman who is believed to have committed suicide in September 1987 by jumping off a cliff in Dana Point, California. Her body remained unidentified until 2015,[2][3] when concerns previously expressed by friends of Glynn that the unidentified woman may have been their childhood friend, whom they had been unable to locate for several years, were proven to be true.[4] Prior to her May 2015 identification, Glynn's body had been informally known as the Dana Point Jane Doe, and officially as Jane Doe 87-04457-EL[2] Contents [hide] • 1Discovery o 1.1Distinguishing characteristics • 2Eyewitness accounts o 2.1Further investigation • 3Identification • 4See also • 5Notes • 6References • 7External links Discovery[edit] At 6:40 on the morning of September 20, 1987, the body of a young Caucasian woman was discovered by joggers at the base of a cliff at Dana Point, California. Her body had no form of identification on her possession, although at the top of the cliff, investigators discovered a half consumed can of Coca-Cola, a purse containing small change, a packet of cigarettes, matches, and two maps of Southern California. On the rear of one of these maps was written the telephone number of a local taxi firm in addition to other notations she had written, indicating she may have asked several individuals for directions.
  • Emperor Charles V and the Lutheran Reformation: an Attempt at Revision

    Emperor Charles V and the Lutheran Reformation: an Attempt at Revision

    FILIP KUBIACZYK Institute of European Culture Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Gniezno Emperor Charles V and the Lutheran Reformation: an Attempt at Revision In historiography, the predominant portrayal of Charles V is that of a ruler hostile to the Reformation. Various authors, notably those unfavourably inclined towards the Habsburgs, show him as a defender of the Catholic orthodoxy and an opponent of any heresy. He is alleged to have lacked tol- erance and endorsed the papacy, as well as to have used military force to combat Lutheranism. In this context, authors draw attention to the Battle of Mühlberg (1547), where the imperial army under Charles V’s command crushed the Protestant forces, leaving the battlefield strewn with the bodies of 8,000 killed and wounded. In this paper, I seek to revise the false and overly demonised image of the Emperor, one that is particularly frequently encountered in authors of evan- gelical provenance. In my opinion, the notion of a militant Emperor-Catho- lic which the figure of Charles V has come to evoke effectively diverts one’s attention away from the ideological substrate on which his vision of Christi- anity evolved: Charles’s religiousness and his association with the teachings of Erasmus of Rotterdam. If this context is disregarded, one cannot hope to understand the approach of the Emperor to Martin Luther and Lutheran- ism. Consequently, Charles’s idea of Christianity should be outlined in order to demonstrate how it translated into relations with Luther and his move- ment. The chief proposition I am going to argue is as follows: influenced by 230 FILIP KUBIACZYK Erasmus’ thought, Charles V remained open to Christian humanism, under- stood Lutherans and sought conciliation with them; however, his attitude was neither appreciated nor acknowledged by the Protestant princes of the Reich, to whom Luther was an instrument allowing to make a bid for greater power and independence, nor was his appeal to the papacy, which rejected everything that was new as a threat to the fossilised dogmas.
  • Ecumenism and the Church in the Post-Modern Era: Historical, Biblio-Theological and Missiological Appraisal

    Ecumenism and the Church in the Post-Modern Era: Historical, Biblio-Theological and Missiological Appraisal

    http://dx.doi.org/10.21806/aamm.2017.15.04 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry Vol. 15, pp. 51–69, Feb. 2017 Ecumenism and the Church in the Post-modern Era: Historical, Biblio-Theological and Missiological Appraisal Emmanuel Orihentare Eregare Ikechi Chidi Ekpendu Adefemi Samuel Adesina ABSTRACT—Ecumenism is a paramount trend in the contemporary church due to the geometrical level of division in Christendom which is contrary to Christ’s plan for the church. Scholars over the years have struggled over the attempt at solving the problem of division. Another school of thought see it as a futile exercise as it may not be addressing the real issue of the schism. The question one may ask is, Why? Does it mean that ecumenism has not really addressed the mission that caused the division in the first place? And what can we do to really bring about unity if we really want it? Can the recent thrust for unity of the Christian churches in Nigeria be based on conformists’ or non- conformists’ views on ecumenism? In this work, attempt will be made to do a critical historical, biblical-theological, as well as a missiological evaluation of the schisms and ecumenism in the history of the church. Attempt will also be made to suggest possible solutions to actualizing the desired unity within the church of Christ. Therefore, this paper concludes, among others, that there is need for Interdenominational conferences of the conformists and the non-conformists to share their beliefs frequently based on Bible alone until all denominations agree.