Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 274-280

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) pp. 274-280 http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article Ethnomedicines in the forest division of Khordha District, ,

Mukesh Kumar1*, Tariq Ahmad Butt2, S.A.Hussaini1, Kishore Kumar1, Hakimuddin Khan1, Aminuddin3, and L.Samiulla1

1Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, -756 100, Odisha, India 2Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, J. andK., India 3Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi-110 058, India *Corresponding author

A B S T R A C T

Based on an ethnopharmacological survey of Khordha Forest Division of Khordha K e y w o r d s district in Odisha conducted during 2012, the paper presents some 54 contemporary folk recipes comprising 43 taxa of folk medicinal plants used by Kondh, Sabra, Naik tribes of the area, for treatment of various common and chronic diseases and Ethnobotanical conditions. Botanical name, family in bracket, locality with field book number, survey; local name, Unani name, part(s) used, name of the disease against which used, traditional mode of administration and informant is given for each recipe discussed in the text. medicine; The need for their phytochemical and pharmacological investigations in the context Khordha; of claims reported has been suggested in an effort to discover new drugs of natural Odisha. origin for many of the diseases for which modern medicine has, thus far, no satisfactory cure.

Introduction

Ethnomedicines have gained new uses of plants for treatment of various disease and conditions was recorded. dimensions in the present days through 0 phytochemical researches in India and Khordha district lies between 84 55 and 860 50 East longitude and 190 40 and abroad, as information on medicinal plants 0 and folk drugs recorded during field-work 20 25 North latitude. It is bounded by is now being subjected to investigations in district in north, district the search for new biodynamic compounds in west, district in the east and of therapeutic value. Based on this in the south. Khordha rationale, an ethnobotanical survey of district has a geographical area of 2813 sq. Khordha Forest Division of Khordha kms. The hilly systems of the district are district in Odisha was undertaken in located in Khordha sub-division. Khordha September 2012 to October, 2012 and district is situated in the southwest of the first-hand information on folk medicinal state. Also it touches the in 274 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 274-280 the south. The specific sites visited include percent of its population living in urban Mangrajpur, Shaktihal, Banpur, Pratap, areas whereas about 14.99 percent of Pratap, Salia Dam, Dyke Chhak, state s population live in urban areas. In Kumaripari, Bheruambadi, Kadudibadi, terms of population per Sq. Km. Khordha Bhaliapada, Dhuanali, Khariabandho, district is the most densely populated Jodamdosahi, Badasuda, Kulthodih, district in the state. There are only 193 , Banpur, Manglasahi, Berbera, uninhabited villages in the district whereas Barkul, Bhejiput, Langleswar, Gorapalli, 8 villages are having a population of more Badopalli of Khordha Forest Division. The than 5000. The economy of the district is study presents 54 folklore therapies mainly dependent upon cultivation. Out of comprising 43 taxa of medicinal plants each 100 workers in the district 30 are prevalent among the inhabitants of the engaged in agricultural sector. area surveyed. Most of the uses recorded police station is having the highest number are first-hand or less known. The area had of villages (222) in the district and not been investigated exhaustively earlier Saheednagar police station is having in this direction, except for some lowest number of villages (24) in the fragmentary reports on medicinal uses of district. plants (Ali et al. 2010; Anonymous 2001, 1995; Ambasta 1994; Behera et al. 2008; Materials and Methods Chopra et al. 1980; Girach et al. 2011; Jain 1981, 1991; Jain and Rao 1967; An ethnobotanical survey of Khordha Kirtikar andBasu 1935; Mukesh et al. Forest Division of Khordha district in 2010, 2011, Tribedi et al. 1982; Odisha was conducted during September, Yesodharan andSujana 2007). 2012 to October, 2012 with a view to study the medicinal herbs of the area and The district of Khordha is one of the new also to record the folk-wisdom of the districts carved out of the old tribals known as Kondh . The data on in 1993. It houses the state capital. Overall folk medicinal uses of plants were Sex Ratio is highly disadvantageous to collected from the herbalists (medicine female even in 0-6 years and is a matter of men) through their direct field interviews, concern. Possible reason may be higher who accompanied the senior author to the rate of male migration to field or from the old villagers who have city. Similar concern is indicated in the long been prescribing the herbs for population growth rate which is higher treatment of various diseases. Information may be again due to migration. On about the efficacy of the herbs was also development indicator this district is recorded. Plant specimens of the present relatively much better. However, approach study were identified by the Flora of road in villages need substantial Orissa (Saxena and Brahmam, 1994- improvement. Village developments still a 1996) and Botany of Bihar and Orissa matter of concern on many other sectors (Haines, 1921-25). Plants specimens of all also. folk drugs were collected and voucher herbarium specimens have been prepared th Khordha is the 6 smallest district in terms and deposited in the herbarium of Survey of size and 5 biggest in terms of of Medicinal Plants Units, Regional population. Khordha is the most urbanized Research Institute of Unani Medicine, district in the state having about 42.92 Bhadrak for future references and study.

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Results and Discussion diarrhoea. Shri Bimba Dhar Pradhan.

Enumeration of folk medicinal species Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae); Mangrajpur-9261; Adverting shortly to the scheme of text, Kanta Marish; Chaulai Khardar; Root; the medicinal plants used as folk medicine Jaundice; A handful of dried roots made in the study area are arranged in into fine powder. 3-5 gm powder is given alphabetical order. Each entry gives the twice a day with sufficient water to treat information: Plant s scientific name with jaundice. Kondh. family (in bracket), Locality with Filed Book No., Local name(s), Unani name Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) (wherever available), part(s) used, disease Nicolson (Araceae); Kadudibadi-9326; and conditions, method of usage and Oal; Rhizome; Edible, Filariasis; Rhizome informant. are cooked and eaten as vegetable. Rhizome paste is applied locally on Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae); oedematous swelling for 7 days to treat Mangrajpur-9256; Apamarango; filariasis. Shri Jay Krishna Naik Chirchita; Root; Dental Care; Root is used as tooth stick to strengthen gum. Kondh Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae); Bheruambadi- Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae); Salia 9305; Bhunimbo; Kiryat; Leaf; Malarial Dam-9292; Kaincho; Ghungchi; Fruit; Fever, Skin Disease, Diabetes; 30 ml Diarrhoea (VM); ½ fruit is given to animal leaves decoction is given thrice daily for with fodder to treat diarrhorea. Shri Kusto 5-7 days to treat Malarial Fever. Leaf Chandra Pradhan paste with golmirch (Piper nigrum) make a sharbat drunk to treat skin diseases. 50 Adhatoda zeylanica L. (Acanthaceae); ml leaves decoction is given with 3 Shaktihal-9265; Basango; Aroosa; Leaf; golmirch (Piper nigrum) to treat diabetes. Post Natal Care, Cough/Cold, Fever; A Kondh handful of leaves boiled in 5000 ml water, cooled and filtered. Resultant water is Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Boj. prescribed for taking bath to subside body (Convolvulaceae); Kadudibadi-9319; swelling after delivery. A few flowers Mundanoi; Samandersokh; Leaf; Fever; fried in Ghee and mixed with desired Jada oil applied on leaf and bandage on amount of honey, is given to treat forehead to treat fever. Shri Jay Krishna cough/cold. A handful of leaves with Naik. pippli (Piper longum) is boiled in water and make a decoction. 30 ml of decoction Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Liliaceae); is given twice a day with honey to treat Bheruambadi-9312; Chhatuary; Satwar; fever. Sabra. Root; Spermatorrhoea; Powdered root with sugar candy juice is given 20 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schults. gm/dose once at bed time to treat (Amaranthaceae); Kumaripari-9297; Spermatorrhoea (Dhaturogo). Kondh Paunsia Sago; Biseri Buti; Root; Diarrhoea; Required quantity of root paste Averrhoea carambola L. is given with rice water to treat infantile (Averrhoeaceae); Shaktihal-9266;

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Karmanga; Khamraq; Fruit, Root; Edible, animal wounds (VM), Skin diseases; Root Skin diseases; Fruits are eaten raw when paste is applied locally on skin diseases. A ripe. Root paste is applied locally on skin handful of leaves boiled in mustard oil, diseases. Shri Tapan. cooled and applied locally on skin infections. Leaf juice is applied locally on Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae); fresh cuts to check bleeding. Plant paste is Kulthodih-9353; Nimbo; Neem; Leaf, applied locally on wounds of animals for Twig; Skin Diseases, Dental care; Leaves healing. Shri Durjodhan Sethi decoction is used by the local inhabitants to treat kanchokundia (Skin diseases). Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Twigs are used as tooth stick to strengthen Hook.f. (Euphorbiaceae); Bheruambadi- gums. Kondh. 9315; Korada; Fruit; Skin diseases; Purified fruits are boiled in mustard oil, Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng. cooled and filtered. Resultant medicated (Euphorbiaceae); Kadudibadi-9322; Kassi; oil is applied on scabies and other skin Stem bark; Diarrhoea; 10 gm of stem bark diseases. Shri Pitamber Pradhan paste is given twice daily with sufficient water to check diarrhoea. Shri Jay Krishna Costus speciosus (Koenig.) Sm. Naik (Zingiberaceae); Banpur 9272; Gai Gendalia; Rhizome; Headache, Giddiness, Cardiospermum helicacabum L. Animal Diarrhoea; Rhizome made into (Sapindaceae); Mangrajpur-9258; paste is applied on the forehead to treat Bishphutka; Habb-ul-Qilqil; Leaf; headache and get relief from giddiness. Wounds; Leaf paste is applied locally on Rhizome is chopped and mixed with children head to treat wounds. Kondh cattle-feed is given in cases of diarrhoea among domestic animals. Kondh. Cassia occidentalis L. (Caesalpiniaceae); Pratap-9275; Kasundra; Kasondi; Root; Crinum asiaticum L. (Amaryllidaceae); Eczema; Root paste is applied locally on Bhaliapada-9329; Arsa/Sukra; Leaf; Joint eczematous patches to treat eczema. Shri Pain; Leaf paste is boiled in jada oil and Kewal Behera. applied on joints to treat joint pain. Shri Rajiv Behera Cassytha fifliformis L. (Lauraceae); Bheruambadi-9304; Nirmuli; Whole Plant; Croton bonplandianus Baill Loose Motions; A handful of plant made (Euphorbiaceae); Kulthodih-9368; into paste is taken orally in case of loose Banomircho; Plant Sap; Cuts; Plant sap is motions in children. Kondh applied locally on cuts to check bleeding. Smt. Satyabati Jani Chloroxylon swietiana DC (Rutaceae); Bheruambadi-9311; Bheru; Leaf; Wounds; Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Leaf paste is applied locally on wounds to (Hypoxydaceae); Bheruambadi-9318; expel worms. Kondh Talmuli; Musli Siyah; Root; Spermatorrhoea; Root of this species with Chromolaena odorata (L.) King. And roots of Satabari (Asparagus racemosus) Rob. (Astearaceae); Dyke Chhak-9293; made in to powder and 10 gm of this Pokosunga; Root, Leaf, Plant; Cuts, powder is given with cow s milk twice a

277 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 274-280 day for one month to treat spermatorrhoea. expel worms. Shri Rajiv Behera Kondh Ficus racemosa L. (Moraceae); Datura metel L. (Solanaceae); Salia Dam- Kulthodih-9365; Dimiri; Gular; Latex, 9282; Dudura Dhoda; Dhatura; Leaf; Stem Bark; Spermatorrhoea, Wounds; 5-7 Boils, Inflammation; Leaf warm with jada drops of latex is given in the morning on oil (Ricinus communis L.) and applied empty stomach to treat spermatorrhoea. locally on boils. Leaf paste warm in jada Stem bark decoction is used to washing oil (Ricinus communis L.) and applied on wounds for healing. Shri Sudershan Naik affected part of the body to treat inflammation. Shri Laxmidhar Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae); Pratap- 9274; NaNangalia; Muleem; Root; Dillenia indica L. (Dilleniaceae); Veterinary Medicine; Root cut into small Shaktihal-9267; Chalta; Flower; Wounds; pieces and given with fodder to treat Flowers powder mixed with coconut oil mums in animals. Shri Kewal Behera. and applied locally on wounds for healing. Shri Bishnu Sabra. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC (Rutaceae); Kadudibadi-9320; Chauldhua; Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae); Twig; Dental Care; Twigs are employed as Kadudibadi-9321; Pita Alu; Tuber; tooth brush to check bleeding from gums Constipation; 5-10 gm powdered tuber is and strengthening teeth. Shri Jay Krishna given once every morning with warm Naik water as laxative to treat constipation. Shri Jay Krishna Naik Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae); Salia Dam-9287; Mudi; Marorphali; Fruit; Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Asteraceae); Rickets like complain in infants; A Banpur-9269; Bhrangraja; Bhangra; Leaf; handful of fruits boiled in mustard oil, Cuts, Madness; Crushed leaves are cooled and filtered. Resultant medicated directly applied on fresh cuts to check oil is massaged gently on affected legs of bleeding. A handful of leaves and fresh children. The remedy is quite popular in pulp of Aloe vera (Ghrita kumari) leaves many places of the study area among rural are made into paste with water and applied population. Shri Trishul Jena on forehead to treat madness. Kondh. Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (Convolvulaceae); Elephantopus scaber L. (Asteraceae); Mangrajpur-9262; Amari; Behaya; Plant Kadudibadi-9328; Mayurchulia; Whole sap; Cuts, Wounds; Plant sap is applied Plant; Diarrhoea, Dysentery; 5-10 gm root locally on minor cuts to check bleeding powder is taken two times daily with and healing wounds. Naranjan Sahoo. sufficient water to treat diarrhoeal problems. Plant used as fodder in this area. Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae); Shri Gajendra Naik Badasuda-9345; Gabo; Latex; Diarrhoea; 2-3 drops of the latex is given with water Erythrina variegata L. (Fabaceae); to children to check diarrhoea. Kondh Bhaliapada-9330; Paladhua; Leaf; Anthelmintic; Leaf juice with required Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae); quantity of turmeric is given to children to Pratap-9280; Nageswar; Leaf; Cuts,

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Swelling; Leaf juice is applied locally on Sarphonka; Root; Stomachache; Root cuts to check bleeding. Leaves paste is chewed raw for the treatment of applied locally on sprain to reduce stomachache. Shri Trishul Jena swelling andpain. Kondh Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Martynia annua L. (Martyniaceae); (Lythraceae); Bheruambadi-9314; Dhai; Pratap-9276; Baghnakha; Kalabichua; Gul-e-Dhawa; Flower; Blood dysentery; A Leaf; Cuts; Leaves juice are applied handful of dried flowers are made into locally on cuts to check bleeding. Kondh powder and 5-10 gm of this powder is Mimosa pudica L. (Mimosaceae); Salia taken twice daily with sufficient water to Dam-9301; Lajkoli; Lajjalu; Root; Cold check dysentery with bloody stools. andFever; Root paste is given in required Kondh quantity with honey to treat common cold and fever. Shri Bimba Dhar Pradhan The intrinsic potential of ethnobotanical knowledge as a key resource for Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Oleaceae); developing new kinds of pharmaceuticals Kulthodih-9356; Gangaseoli; Harsingar; and other chemicals of industrial Leaf; Fever, Cough andCold; Leaves juice importance has been increasingly realized. with equal quantity of honey is given In the present study some traditional twice a day for 4-5 day to treat fever, therapeutic methods employed by the cough andcold. Shri Prasant Das natives of Khordha Forest Division of Khordha district have been discussed. Out Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. of 160 taxa of medicinal plants collected (Euphorbiaceae); Odagaon-9377; Khiro 43 are used in folk medicine by Kondh, Gachho; Latex; Cuts; Latex of is applied Sabra, Naik etc., suggesting that these locally on cuts to check bleeding plants may cure satisfactorily certain andhealing wounds. Smt. Arsha Devi ailments. Although, they do not have as high prestige as modern medicines, these Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae); Salia folk drugs are relatively un-expensive and Dam-9281; Kathchampa; Flower; easily available to locals at their door Swelling; Leaves are boiled in jada steps. For some problems such as eczema, (Ricinus communis) oil and applied locally jaundice, fever, diarrhoea, diabetes, on swollen part to reduce swelling. wounds etc. these crude therapeutic Flowers used in worship of Lord . methods are recognized as equal or Shri Laxmidhar superior to biomedicines; for other diseases there are readily available Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae); satisfactory cures; viz. diarrhoea, cold and Dhuanali-9332; Madhusmita; Leaf; fever, menstruation problems, wounds, Spermatorrhoea; 100 ml Leaf juice with skin diseases, nervous system disorders misri is given every morning on empty etc. stomach for seven days to treat Spermatorrhoea (dhaturogo). Shri Sagar The data on folk medicinal uses have been Sahu compared with available literature and it is found that many of the uses are already Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae); reported (Jain, 1981, 1991). However, Salia Dam-9283; Bano Kulthia; their modes of application, part used are

279 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 274-280 different. Therefore, present study Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L. and Chopra, I. C. represents contemporary folk uses of 1980. Glossary of Indian Medicinal medicinal plants of the area investigated. It Plants. CSIR, New Delhi. would, therefore, be worthwhile to subject Girach, R. D., Aminuddin, S. A. Hussaini and all these folk drugs to scientific testing in Mukesh Kumar (2011): Ethnomedicnal Studies on Alangium salvifolium (L. f.) the context of claims reported herein. It is Wang from Orissa. J. Hippo. J. Unani likely through such investigations new Med, New Delhi. Vol. No. 6 (1): 35-42. drugs of natural origin may be discovered Haines, H. H. 1921-25. Botany of Bihar and for treatment of many of the disease for Orissa. (Ed.1961) Botanical Survey of which there are no satisfactory cures in India, Calcutta 1-537. modern medicine thus far. Jain, S. K. 1981. Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi. Acknowledgement Jain, S. K. 1991. Dictionary of Indian Ethnobotany and Folk Medicine. Deep Authors sincerely acknowledge the Publication, New Delhi. financial support and the facilities Jain, S. K. and Rao, R. R. 1967. A handbook provided by the Director General, Central of field and herbarium methods. Today Council for Research in Unani Medicine and Tomorrow Printers and Publishers, (CCRUM), New Delhi to carry out this New Delhi. research work. Authors also wish to Kirtikar, K. R. and Basu, B. D. 1935. Indian express their gratitude to all the staff Medicinal Plants, Vol. I IV. Periodical members of forest departments of Odisha Experts, Delhi, India. and tribal people/ethnic people for their Mukesh Kumar, S. A. Hussaini, Z. A. Ali, valuable help, cooperation and sharing Qamar Uddin, Aminuddin and L. Samiulla (2010): A Medico-Ethno-botanical Study their valuable information during the against Gynaecological Diseases of Nilgiri ethno-botanical survey tours. Tehsil and adjacent areas of district References , Orissa, India. J. Hippo. Journal Unani Med. 5 (1): 43-52. Ali, Z. A., Hussaini, S. A. and Mukesh, K. Mukesh K., S. A. Hussaini, Qamar Uddin and 2010). Traditional Phytoremedies in L. Samiulla 2011. Ethnomedicinal Plants Health Care among the Forest Ethnics of of Hadagarh and Adjacent Areas of , Orissa. Hippocratic J. Keonjhar District, Odisha, India. In Proc. Unani Medicine, New Delhi.. 5 (1): 43-52, Nat. Sem. on Changing Environment: 2010. Present Scenario andIts Conservation PP: Ambasta, S. P. 1994. The useful plants of 60-63. India. Publication and Information Saxena, H. O. and Brahmam, M. 1994-1996. Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. Flora of Orissa. Vol.: I-IV, Regional Anonymous, 1995. The Wealth of India (Raw Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar. Materials), CSIR Publication, New Delhi, Tribedi, G. N., Kayal, R. N. and Chaudhury Vol. 1 to 11. Rai, H. N. 1982. Some Medicinal Plants Anonymous 2001. Medicinal plants in of Mayurbhanj (Orissa). Bull. Bot. Surv. Folklores of Orissa and Bihar. India 24: 119 120. C.C.R.U.M., New Delhi. Yesodharan, K. and Sujana, K. A. 2007. Wild Behera, K. K., Mishra, N. M., Dhal, N. K. and Edible Plants Traditionally used by the Rout, N. C. 2008. Wild Edible plants tribes in the Parambikulum Wildlife , Orissa, India. Sanctuary, Kerala, India. Natural Product J.Economic.Taxonomic Bot.32 (Suppl.): Radiance 6(1): 74-80. 305-314.

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