DOCSLIB.ORG

Perspectives on Early National

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Perspectives on Early National DOCUMENT RESUME ED 283 722 SE 048 257 AUTHOR Roland, Alex TITLE A Spacefaring People: Perspectives on Early Spaceflight. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. Scientific and Technical Information Branch. REPORT NO NASA-SP-4405 PUB DATE 85 NOTE 158p.; Part of the NASA History series_ AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Conference Proceedings (021) Viewpoints (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Technology; Cross Cultural Studies; Foreign Countries; Humanities; Interdisciplinary Approach; International Educational Ezchange; Meteorology; *Satellites (Aerospace); Science and Society; Science Education; *Science History; *Scientific Enterprise; *Space Exploration; *Space Sciences; Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS *National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT A conference on the history of space activity was convened at Yale University in 1981 and perspectives from history, political science, journalism, politics, science,.and literaturewere exchanged. The essays in this publication serve as the proceedings for that conference. The papers are presented in four major theme areas. These include: (1) "Science, Technology, and Management: The First 10 Years In Space" (focusing on space science and exploration, satellites and politics, and large-scale technology management); (2) "Literature and Themes in Space History" (reviewing the state of literature on space and containing the keynote address); (3) "Domestic and International Ramifications of Space Activity" (covering the evaluation of the U.S. civilian space program, Europe's space-age, and space activities in the Soviet Union, Japan, and the People's Republic of China); and (4) "Rationale for Space Expleration" (examining the idea of space exploration anda humanist's view). Biographies of the conference participantsare also included. (MO ****************** ******************** *** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************* **** U DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Onice of Educational Research and unorchmment U UCATIONAL RESOURCZS INFORMATION CENTER (MCI This dmiment has been reproduced aa -eceived horn the person or organization originating it 0 Minor chimes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points ol view Or opinions slated In this docw merit dia not necessarily representotticlal OERI position or pall Cy NASA SP 4 a 8pacefatitpeop e PERSPECTIVES ON EARLY SPACEFLIGHT Alex Roland The NASA His ory Series Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1985 NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administraton Washington. DC NASA maintains an internal history program for oro principal reasons: (1) Sponsorship of research in NASA-related history is one way in which NASA responds to the provision of the National Aeronautics and Space ACE of 1958 that requires NASA E0p ray ide for the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its activities and the results thereof." (2) Thoughtful study of NASA history can help agency managers accomplish the missions assigned to the slew), Understanding NASA's past aids in understanding its pres- ent situation and illuminates possible future directions. The opinions and conclusions set forth in this book are those of the authors: no official of the agency necessarily endorses those opinionsor conclusions. library of Congress Cataloging in Publiattion Data Main enuy under title: A spacefaxing people. (NASA SP; 4405) "Essays ..delivered at 2 conference on the history of space activity held at Yale University on February 6 and 7, 1981--Inuod. 1. AstronauticsHistoryCongresses. I. Roland, Alex Tf_788.5.S64 198) 629.4 '09 84-979 for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gtiver _ nt Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 iv CONThNTS Page INTRODUCTION vii SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT: THE FIRST 20 YEARS IN SPACE Space Science and Exploration: A Historical Perspective J. A. Simpson ... .. .. ...... Satellites and Politics: Weather, Communications and Earth Resources Pamela Mack ... 32 Management of Large-Scale Technology Arnold S. Levine.. ....... .... 39 Commentary I. B. Holley, Jr. 53 LITERATURE AND THEMES IN SPACE HISTORY e Next Assignment: The State of the Literature on Space Richard P. Hallion 61 A Spacefaring People: Keynote Address John Noble Wilford 68 Commentary Sylvia Doughty Fries.. .. .... .. 73 DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL RAMIFICATIONS OF SPACE ACTIVITY Opportunities for Policy Historians: The Evolution of the U. S. Civilian Space Program John Logsdon .. ... 81 5 CONTENTS Page Spacc--Age Europe, 1957-1980 WAter A. McDougall. ...... 108 space Activities in the Soviet Union, Japan, and the Peopk's Republic of China Edward C. Ezell ... ... .. 118 Commentary Richard S. Kirkendall THE RATIONALE FOR SPACE EXPLORATION The Idea of Space Exploration Bruce Mazlish .. 137 A Humanist's View James A. Michenef 144 Commentary Casroll W. Pursell, jr. 148 PARTICIPANTS' BIOGRAPHIES .. 153 vi MITRODUCTION The essays on the early years of spaceflight that follow were originally presented at a conference on the history of space activity, held at Yale University on February 6 and 7, 1981. The conference grew out of a course I offered at Yale University in the fall of 1980 en- titled "NASA and the Post-Sputnik Era." Jointly sponsored by Calhoun and Jonathan Edwards colleges in response to student in- terest, the course was quickiy oversubscribed. Therefore, the first pur- pose of this conference was to provide a larger forum in which Yale students could obsemeand participate ininformed discussions about United States space activity to date. The conference attracted a far wider and more diverse audience than expected. People from all over the country came to New Haven in a month when that city is not at its best, and participated actively in the conference and all activities related to it. These proceedings would no doubt be richer and more represen- tative of the conference had it been possible to capture and transcribe much of the discussions about the formal papeis. Papers included here are basically in the same form as originally presented. with only minor editorial revision. James J. Gehrig, iormerly of the staff of the House Committee on Science and Technology, made the last presentation of the final session on The Rationale for Space Exploration, but his remarks were from notes and are not reproduced here. Participants brought to the conference a healthy mixture of perspectives from history,politicalscience,journalism,politics, science, and literature. The commentators all were members of the NASA Historical Advisory Committee, which met at New Haven in conjunction with the conference. At the last moment, 131 Holley, Jr., graciously replaced another committee member who could not attend. Many hands contributed to the success of the conference and the publication of these proceedings. Special thanks must go to the staff and students of Calhoun and Jonathan Edwards colleges for conceiving the course on which this conference was based and for converting the original idea into a broader undertaking. Both colleges, along with other residential colleges at Yale, also served as hosts to the par- ticipants, providthg a watm and stimulating atmosphere amidst the vii 7 rigors of winter in New England. Paul Richenbach and Ann Linbeck were especially helpful and diligent. Monte D. Wright, then Director of the NASA History Office, steered the plan through the bureaucracy with equanimity and skill. Alex Roland Durham, North Carolina 1983 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND MANAGEMENT: THE FIRST 20 YEARS IN SPACE SPACE SCIENCE AINTI) EXPLORATION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE* J.A. Simpson It is always hazardous to evaluate the historical significance of an era or a developmentwhether political or intellectualwhen the observer is still contemporary with that era. However, when placed against the background of the most significant advances by man throughout history, the space age has a secure position. It is the evalua- tion of the character and signLficance of the space age, as we shall call it, that we are here to discuss. Macau ley and Livingstone have noted that many ingredients are necessary for the making of great history . knowledge of the facts, truth to record them faithfully, imagination to restore life to dead men and issues....Thucydides had all three ingredients and their union makes him the greatest of historians. I cannot pretend to have these credentials but as a scientist whose main objectives have involved scien- tific experiments in space and who has shared in some of the space ex- ploration, I can at least present my personal views and perspective. My task is to examine science and exploration in space, not the applications of space science technology. Clearly today the main focus is the U.S. program. But from a historical viewpoint, it is also important to look at the totality of man's efforts in space, in order to recognize the significance of individual achievements within the space era. In this period, six nations (France, Italy, Japan, China, Australia, and the United Kingdom), in addition to the USSR, the European Space Agency, and the United States, have successfully launched their own satellites (app. A). Many other nations have contributed essential ex- periments or spacecraft for these launchings. My talk here is neither a definitive history or a chronology of developments
Load more

Recommended publications
  • To All the Craft We've Known Before
    400,000 Visitors to Mars…and Counting Liftoff! A Fly’s-Eye View “Spacers”Are Doing it for Themselves September/October/November 2003 $4.95 to all the craft we’ve known before... 23rd International Space Development Conference ISDC 2004 “Settling the Space Frontier” Presented by the National Space Society May 27-31, 2004 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Location: Clarion Meridian Hotel & Convention Center 737 S. Meridian, Oklahoma City, OK 73108 (405) 942-8511 Room rate: $65 + tax, 1-4 people Planned Programming Tracks Include: Spaceport Issues Symposium • Space Education Symposium • “Space 101” Advanced Propulsion & Technology • Space Health & Biology • Commercial Space/Financing Space Space & National Defense • Frontier America & the Space Frontier • Solar System Resources Space Advocacy & Chapter Projects • Space Law and Policy Planned Tours include: Cosmosphere Space Museum, Hutchinson, KS (all day Thursday, May 27), with Max Ary Oklahoma Spaceport, courtesy of Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority Oklahoma City National Memorial (Murrah Building bombing memorial) Omniplex Museum Complex (includes planetarium, space & science museums) Look for updates on line at www.nss.org or www.nsschapters.org starting in the fall of 2003. detach here ISDC 2004 Advance Registration Form Return this form with your payment to: National Space Society-ISDC 2004, 600 Pennsylvania Ave. S.E., Suite 201, Washington DC 20003 Adults: #______ x $______.___ Seniors/Students: #______ x $______.___ Voluntary contribution to help fund 2004 awards $______.___ Adult rates (one banquet included): $90 by 12/31/03; $125 by 5/1/04; $150 at the door. Seniors(65+)/Students (one banquet included): $80 by 12/31/03; $100 by 5/1/04; $125 at the door.
    [Show full text]
  • USGS Open-File Report 2005-1190, Table 1
    TABLE 1 GEOLOGIC FIELD-TRAINING OF NASA ASTRONAUTS BETWEEN JANUARY 1963 AND NOVEMBER 1972 The following is a year-by-year listing of the astronaut geologic field training trips planned and led by personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Branches of Astrogeology and Surface Planetary Exploration, in collaboration with the Geology Group at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas at the request of NASA between January 1963 and November 1972. Regional geologic experts from the U.S. Geological Survey and other governmental organizations and universities s also played vital roles in these exercises. [The early training (between 1963 and 1967) involved a rather large contingent of astronauts from NASA groups 1, 2, and 3. For another listing of the astronaut geologic training trips and exercises, including all attending and the general purposed of the exercise, the reader is referred to the following website containing a contribution by William Phinney (Phinney, book submitted to NASA/JSC; also http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ap-geotrips.pdf).] 1963 16-18 January 1963: Meteor Crater and San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona (9 astronauts). Among the nine astronaut trainees in Flagstaff for that initial astronaut geologic training exercise was Neil Armstrong--who would become the first man to step foot on the Moon during the historic Apollo 11 mission in July 1969! The other astronauts present included Frank Borman (Apollo 8), Charles "Pete" Conrad (Apollo 12), James Lovell (Apollo 8 and the near-tragic Apollo 13), James McDivitt, Elliot See (killed later in a plane crash), Thomas Stafford (Apollo 10), Edward White (later killed in the tragic Apollo 1 fire at Cape Canaveral), and John Young (Apollo 16).
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Books and reports Blandford, R.D. (Chair) New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Committee for a Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics, National Research Council, 2010 Bondi, Hermann. et al Pioneering in Outer Space Heinemann Educational Books, 1971 Clarke, Arthur C. The Exploration of Space Temple Press, London, 1951 Department of Energy/NASA Satellite Power Systems Concept Development and Evaluation Program. DoE/NASA, October 1978 http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/1978DOESPS-ReferenceSystemReport.pdf Satellite Power Systems (SPS) Space Transportation Cost Analysis and Evaluation. DoE/NASA, November 1980 http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/1980DOESPS- SpaceTransportationCostAnalysis.pdf Dick, Steven J. (editor) Remembering the Space Age: Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary Conference. NASA SP-2008-4703, 2008 http://history.nasa.gov/Remembering_Space_Age_A.pdf © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 235 M. van Pelt, Dream Missions, Springer Praxis Books, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53941-6 236 Bibliography Dyson, George Project Orion: The True Story of the Atomic Spaceship Henry Holt & Company, Inc., USA, 2002 Ehricke, Krafft A. Solar Transportation In Space Age in Fiscal Year 2001, Proceedings of the Fourth AAS Goddard Memorial Symposium American Astronautical Society, 1966 Friedman, Louis. Human Spaceflight, from Mars to the Stars The University of Arizona Press, 2015 Gatland, Kenneth W. & Bono, Philip Frontiers of Space Blandford Press, UK, 1969 Hansen, James R. Chapter 9, Skipping “The Next Logical Step” in Spaceflight Revolution; NASA Langley Research Center from Sputnik to Apollo NASA History Series SP-4308, USA, 1994 http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4308/ch9.htm Koelle, Heinz-Hermann. Nova and Beyond, a Review of Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Concepts in the Post-Saturn Class Technical University Berlin, Germany, 2001 Konecci, Eugene B.
    [Show full text]
  • PEANUTS and SPACE FOUNDATION Apollo and Beyond
    Reproducible Master PEANUTS and SPACE FOUNDATION Apollo and Beyond GRADE 4 – 5 OBJECTIVES PAGE 1 Students will: ö Read Snoopy, First Beagle on the Moon! and Shoot for the Moon, Snoopy! ö Learn facts about the Apollo Moon missions. ö Use this information to complete a fill-in-the-blank fact worksheet. ö Create mission objectives for a brand new mission to the moon. SUGGESTED GRADE LEVELS 4 – 5 SUBJECT AREAS Space Science, History TIMELINE 30 – 45 minutes NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS ö 5-ESS1 ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System ö 3-5-ETS1 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions 21st CENTURY ESSENTIAL SKILLS Collaboration and Teamwork, Communication, Information Literacy, Flexibility, Leadership, Initiative, Organizing Concepts, Obtaining/Evaluating/Communicating Ideas BACKGROUND ö According to NASA.gov, NASA has proudly shared an association with Charles M. Schulz and his American icon Snoopy since Apollo missions began in the 1960s. Schulz created comic strips depicting Snoopy on the Moon, capturing public excitement about America’s achievements in space. In May 1969, Apollo 10 astronauts traveled to the Moon for a final trial run before the lunar landings took place on later missions. Because that mission required the lunar module to skim within 50,000 feet of the Moon’s surface and “snoop around” to determine the landing site for Apollo 11, the crew named the lunar module Snoopy. The command module was named Charlie Brown, after Snoopy’s loyal owner. These books are a united effort between Peanuts Worldwide, NASA and Simon & Schuster to generate interest in space among today’s younger children.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space
    SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space December 1983 NTIS order #PB84-181437 Recommended Citation: SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space–A Technical Mere- orandum (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA- TM-STI-14, December 1983). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600624 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword As the other major spacefaring nation, the Soviet Union is a subject of interest to the American people and Congress in their deliberations concerning the future of U.S. space activities. In the course of an assessment of Civilian Space Stations, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has undertaken a study of the presence of Soviets in space and their Salyut space stations, in order to provide Congress with an informed view of Soviet capabilities and intentions. The major element in this technical memorandum was a workshop held at OTA in December 1982: it was the first occasion when a significant number of experts in this area of Soviet space activities had met for extended unclassified discussion. As a result of the workshop, OTA prepared this technical memorandum, “Salyut: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space. ” It has been reviewed extensively by workshop participants and others familiar with Soviet space activities. Also in December 1982, OTA wrote to the U. S. S. R.’s Ambassador to the United States Anatoliy Dobrynin, requesting any information concerning present and future Soviet space activities that the Soviet Union judged could be of value to the OTA assess- ment of civilian space stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Area 51 and Gordon Coopers Confiscated Camera
    Area 51 and Gordon Cooper's 'Confiscated Camera' By Jim Oberg Special to SPACE.com posted: 11:34 am ET 29 September 2000 http://www.space.com/sciencefiction/phenomena/cooper_questioned_000929.html Mercury astronaut Gordon Cooper, in his new book Leap of Faith, presents a tale of government cover-ups related to spy cameras, to Area 51, and to similar subjects top-secret subjects, based on his own personal experiences on a NASA space mission. As a certified "American hero," his credibility with the public is impeccable. But several space veterans who SPACE.com consulted about one of Cooper's spaceflight stories had very different versions of the original events. And some of them showed me hard evidence to back up their skepticism. According to Cooper, in 1965 he carried a super-secret spy camera aboard Gemini-5 and accidentally got some shots of Area 51 in Nevada. Consequently, the camera and its film were confiscated by the Pentagon, never to be seen again. He was personally ordered by President Johnson not to divulge the film's contents. "One special mounted camera we carried had a huge telephoto lens," he wrote. "We were asked to shoot three specific targets from our spacecraft's window because the photo experts wanted to be able to measure the resolution of the pictures. "That's exactly what we did: Over Cuba, we took pictures of an airfield. Over the Pacific Ocean, we took pictures of ships at sea. Over a big U.S. city, we took pictures of cars in parking lots. Beyond that, we were encouraged to shoot away at other airfields, cities, and anything else we wanted along the way." In an exclusive interview with SPACE.com, NASA's former chief photo analyst, Richard Underwood, confirmed the existence of the experiment but remembered details about it in a very different way than Cooper did.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Paths of Heaven the Emergence of Space Power Thought
    Beyond the Paths of Heaven The Emergence of Space Power Thought A Comprehensive Anthology of Space-Related Master’s Research Produced by the School of Advanced Airpower Studies Edited by Bruce M. DeBlois, Colonel, USAF Professor of Air and Space Technology Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama September 1999 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beyond the paths of heaven : the emergence of space power thought : a comprehensive anthology of space-related master’s research / edited by Bruce M. DeBlois. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Astronautics, Military. 2. Astronautics, Military—United States. 3. Space Warfare. 4. Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College. School of Advanced Airpower Studies- -Dissertations. I. Deblois, Bruce M., 1957- UG1520.B48 1999 99-35729 358’ .8—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-58566-067-1 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii OVERVIEW . ix PART I Space Organization, Doctrine, and Architecture 1 An Aerospace Strategy for an Aerospace Nation . 3 Stephen E. Wright 2 After the Gulf War: Balancing Space Power’s Development . 63 Frank Gallegos 3 Blueprints for the Future: Comparing National Security Space Architectures . 103 Christian C. Daehnick PART II Sanctuary/Survivability Perspectives 4 Safe Heavens: Military Strategy and Space Sanctuary . 185 David W. Ziegler PART III Space Control Perspectives 5 Counterspace Operations for Information Dominance .
    [Show full text]
  • Monsoon 2008 (July-September) AIR POWER CENTRE for AIR POWER STUDIES New Delhi
    AIR POWER Journal of Air Power and Space Studies Vol. 3, No. 3, Monsoon 2008 (July-September) AIR POWER CENTRE FOR AIR POWER STUDIES New Delhi AIR POWER is published quarterly by the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi, established under an independent trust titled Forum for National Security Studies registered in 2002 in New Delhi. Board of Trustees Shri M.K. Rasgotra, former Foreign Secretary and former High Commissioner to the UK Chairman Air Chief Marshal O.P. Mehra, former Chief of the Air Staff and former Governor Maharashtra and Rajasthan Smt. H.K. Pannu, IDAS, FA (DS), Ministry of Defence (Finance) Shri K. Subrahmanyam, former Secretary Defence Production and former Director IDSA Dr. Sanjaya Baru, Media Advisor to the Prime Minister (former Chief Editor Financial Express) Captain Ajay Singh, Jet Airways, former Deputy Director Air Defence, Air HQ Air Commodore Jasjit Singh, former Director IDSA Managing Trustee AIR POWER Journal welcomes research articles on defence, military affairs and strategy (especially air power and space issues) of contemporary and historical interest. Articles in the Journal reflect the views and conclusions of the authors and not necessarily the opinions or policy of the Centre or any other institution. Editor-in-Chief Air Commodore Jasjit Singh AVSM VrC VM (Retd) Managing Editor Group Captain D.C. Bakshi VSM (Retd) Publications Advisor Anoop Kamath Distributor KW Publishers Pvt. Ltd. All correspondence may be addressed to Managing Editor AIR POWER P-284, Arjan Path, Subroto Park, New Delhi 110 010 Telephone: (91.11) 25699131-32 Fax: (91.11) 25682533 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.aerospaceindia.org © Centre for Air Power Studies All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • California State University, Northridge Low Earth Orbit
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE LOW EARTH ORBIT BUSINESS CENTER A Project submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering by Dallas Gene Bienhoff May 1985 The Proj'ectof Dallas Gene Bienhoff is approved: Dr. B. J. Bluth Professor T1mothy Wm. Fox - Chair California State University, Northridge ii iii ACKNOWLEDGEHENTS I wish to express my gratitude to those who have helped me over the years to complete this thesis by providing encouragement, prodding and understanding: my advisor, Tim Fox, Chair of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering; Dr. B. J. Bluth for her excellent comments on human factors; Dr. B. J. Campbell for improving the clarity; Richard Swaim, design engineer at Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International for providing excellent engineering drawings of LEOBC; Mike Morrow, of the Advanced Engineering Department at Rockwell International who provided the Low Earth Orbit Business Center panel figures; Bob Bovill, a commercial artist, who did all the artistic drawings because of his interest in space commercialization; Linda Martin for her word processing skills; my wife, Yolanda, for egging me on without nagging; and finally Erik and Danielle for putting up with the excuse, "I have to v10rk on my paper," for too many years. iv 0 ' PREFACE The Low Earth Orbit Business Center (LEOBC) was initially conceived as a modular structure to be launched aboard the Space Shuttle, it evolved to its present configuration as a result of research, discussions and the desire to increase the efficiency of space utilization. Although the idea of placing space stations into Earth orbit is not new, as is discussed in the first chapter, and the configuration offers nothing new, LEOBC is unique in its application.
    [Show full text]
  • Spacewatchafrica April Edition 2019
    Paul Kagame launches Rwanda into space VVVolVolVolVol o6 o6 66l l. .No. NoNo. No77 N N 55 oo5.. 816 April 2018 2019 AFRICA By Marcel Dischinger Prof.(Sir) Martin Sweeting “SSTL transfer know-how, not technology developing countries.” C O N T E N T S Vol. 7 No. 16 Editor in-chief Aliyu Bello 2018 was another good year Executive Manager Tonia Gerrald NASRDA's chief executive to step down SA to the editor in-Chief Ngozi Okey Head, Application Services M. Yakubu SES posted strong revenue growth in 2018 Editorial/ICT Services John Daniel Nestle using satellites to monitor palm oil plantations Usman Bello for deforestation Alozie Nwankwo How global satellite network convinced Juliet Nnamdi FAA grounding of Boeing's 737 Max Client Relations Sunday Tache Nigeria plans new systems to improve GPS accuracy over Africa Lookman Bello Safiya Thani Ivory Coast begins digital TV switch over with GatesAir Marketing Offy Pat Eutelsat successfully mate KONNECT satellite payload Tunde Nathaniel with its all-electric platform Wasiu Olatunde SSTL transfer know-how not technology to Media Relations Favour Madu developing countries Khadijat Yakubu Paul Kagame launches Rwanda into space Zacheous Felicia Monitoring desertification using integrated Finance Folarin Tunde geospatial technologies APT Satellite releases 2018 annual results Space Watch Magazine is a publication of Communication Science, Inc. All correspondence should be addressed to editor, space Watch Magazine. Abuja office: Plot 2009, Awka Street, UTC Building, GF 11, Area 10, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria Tel: 234 80336471114, 07084706167, email: [email protected] LEGAL CONSULTANTS Idowu Oriola & Co. Garki, Abuja DISTRIBUTION CONTACTS Ade Adejo ABIJAN INTERNATIONAL Suleija, Abuja AYO DISTRIBUTION AGENCY Emir Road, Ilorin Olumayowa Ojo NEWSROUND INTERNATIONAL Area 10, Garki, Abuja Magazine Circulation Nigeria Limited 90, Obafemi Awolowo Way, Ikeja Magazine Subscription Nigeria Limited Ikeja, Lagos.
    [Show full text]
  • Orbital Debris: a Chronology
    NASA/TP-1999-208856 January 1999 Orbital Debris: A Chronology David S. F. Portree Houston, Texas Joseph P. Loftus, Jr Lwldon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas David S. F. Portree is a freelance writer working in Houston_ Texas Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................ iv Preface ........................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................ ix The Chronology ............................................................................................................. 1 1961 ......................................................................................................................... 4 1962 ......................................................................................................................... 5 963 ......................................................................................................................... 5 964 ......................................................................................................................... 6 965 ......................................................................................................................... 6 966 ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back from the Moon”
    Appendix A Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back From the Moon” Postal Covers Carried on Apollo 151 Among the best known collectables from the Apollo Era are the covers flown onboard the Apollo 15 mission in 1971, mainly because of what the mission’s Lunar Module Pilot, Jim Irwin, called “the problem we brought back from the Moon.” [1] The crew of Apollo 15 carried out one of the most complete scientific explorations of the Moon and accomplished several firsts, including the first lunar roving vehicle that was operated on the Moon to extend the range of exploration. Some 81 kilograms (180 pounds) of lunar surface samples were returned for anal- ysis, and a battery of very productive lunar surface and orbital experiments were conducted, including the first EVA in deep space. [2] Yet the Apollo 15 crew are best remembered for carrying envelopes to the Moon, and the mission is remem- bered for the “great postal caper.” [3] As noted in Chapter 7, Apollo 15 was not the first mission to carry covers. Dozens were carried on each flight from Apollo 11 onwards (see Table 1 for the complete list) and, as Apollo 15 Commander Dave Scott recalled in his book, the whole business had probably been building since Mercury, through Gemini and into Apollo. [4] People had a fascination with objects that had been carried into space, and that became more and more popular – and valuable – as the programs progressed. Right from the start of the Mercury program, each astronaut had been allowed to carry a certain number of personal items onboard, with NASA’s permission, in 1 A first version of this material was issued as Apollo 15 Cover Scandal in Orbit No.
    [Show full text]