ahon11_sena_ch02_S2_s.fm Page 44 Friday, October 2, 2009 10:41 AM ahon09_sena_ch02_S2_s.fm Page 45 Friday, October 26, 2007 2:01 PM Section 2 About a year later, Cortés returned with a larger force, recaptured Step-by-Step Instruction Tenochtitlán, and then destroyed it. In its place he built Mexico City, The Indians Fear Us the capital of the Spanish colony of New Spain. Cortés used the same methods to subdue the Aztecs in Mexico SECTION SECTION The Indians of the coast, because of some fears “ that another conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, used in South America. of us, have abandoned all the country, so that for Review and Preview 2 Pizarro landed on the coast of Peru in 1531 to search for the Incas, thirty leagues not a man of them has halted. ” who were said to have much gold. In September 1532, he led about Students have learned about new 170 soldiers through the jungle into the heart of the Inca Empire. con­tacts between peoples of the Eastern —Hernando de Soto, Spanish explorer and conqueror, report on Pizarro then took the Inca ruler Atahualpa (ah tuh WAHL puh) pris- and Western hemispheres during the expedition to Florida, 1539 oner. Although the Inca people paid a huge ransom to free their ruler, Age of Exploration. Now students will Pizarro executed him anyway. By November 1533, the Spanish had focus on Spain’s early success at estab- defeated the leaderless Incas and captured their capital city of Cuzco. lishing col­onies in the Americas. Why the Spanish Were Victorious How could a few � Hernando de Soto hundred Spanish soldiers defeat Native American armies many Vocabulary Builder times their size? Several factors explain the Spaniards’ success. First factor (FAK tor) n. important among these was technology. The Indians’ weapons simply were no element of something match for the armor, muskets, and cannons of the Europeans. In Section Focus Question addition, many of the Spaniards rode horses, which the Native Spanish Conquistadors How did Spain establish an Americans had never before seen. Finally, the Native Americans The Spanish soldiers were were divided among themselves. In Peru, a civil war had just ended. outnumbered by the Aztecs and empire in the Americas? Spain’s Empire in the Americas In Mexico, many Native Americans hated the Aztecs. the Incas, yet they were able to Before you begin the lesson for the day, easily defeat these empires. write the Section Focus Question on the Why were a few Spanish conquistadors able to Critical Thinking: Explain Objectives Why It Matters Even though Columbus never realized Problems Some Native Americans defeat the larger armies of the Aztecs and Incas? board. (Lesson Focus: Spanish conquistadors • Describe how the Spanish were able to defeat that he had reached a region previously unknown to Euro- sided with the Spanish against the took control of land in the Americas, and then the empires of the Aztecs and Incas. peans, his voyages gave Spain a head start on its European Aztecs and the Incas. What Spain created a formal system to rule over the rivals in colonizing the Americas. problems might this have caused • Identify Spanish explorations in areas that between the groups after the new lands.) later became part of the United States. Section Focus Question: How did Spain establish an battle? • Explain how society was organized in Spain’s empire in the Americas? empire in the Americas. Prepare to Read Spanish Conquistadors Build Background By the early 1500s, the Spanish had a firm foothold in the Americas. From Spain’s island colonies in the Caribbean, Knowledge L2 soldier-adventurers called conquistadors set out to explore Remind students about what they have Reading Skill and conquer a world unknown to them. They hoped for Explore More Video To learn more about Spanish learned about the Columbian Exchange. riches and glory for themselves and for Spain. Identify Supporting Details Text exploration in the Americas, Ask students to look at the illustration and includes details to support a main idea. These Cortés and Pizarro In 1519, conquistador Hernando view the video. caption on p. 45 to predict one outcome of details might be examples, reasons, facts, or Cortés sailed from Cuba to Mexico with more than descriptions. They enable readers to understand a the Columbian Exchange. Tell them they 500 soldiers. The first Native Americans he met presented main idea by helping them to picture it, to make will review their predictions and correct him with gifts of gold. sense of its argument or to believe its accuracy. As them as needed after they have read the On November 8, 1519, Cortés marched into the Aztec section. you read Section 2, look for details that support the main ideas. capital city of Tenochtitlán. As the Spaniards moved closer to Tenochtitlán, many Native Americans joined them. Set a Purpose L2 Conquered by the Aztecs, they hated the Aztec’s brutal rule. Key Terms and People n Read each statement in the Reading The Aztec leader Moctezuma (mokt uh ZOO muh) (also conquistador Bartolomé de Las spelled Montezuma) met with Cortés and tried to get him to Readiness Guide aloud. Ask students to Hernando Cortés Casas mark the statements True or False. Moctezuma mission leave by offering him gold. The gold had the opposite effect. Cortés took Moctezuma hostage and claimed all of Mexico Teaching Resources, Unit 1, plantation peninsular encomienda for Spain. However, the Aztecs soon rebelled and forced the Reading Readiness Guide, p. 44 Spaniards to flee. n Have students discuss the statements in pairs or groups of four, then mark their 44 Chapter 2 Europe Looks Outward Section 2 Spain’s Empire in the Americas 45 worksheets again. Use the Numbered Heads participation strategy (TE, p. T24) Differentiated Instruction to call on students to share their group’s perspectives. The students will return to L1 Less Proficient Readers L1 Special Needs these worksheets later. Study Aid To help students remember as the Spanish, the Incas, and the Aztecs. details about the Spanish conquistadors, Students should provide details about each have them create a graphic organizer of these groups in their graphic organizers. showing the relationships among the vari­ous groups identified in the text, such 44 Chapter 2 0044_ahon09te_Ch02s2.indd 44 10/9/09 10:38:50 AM ahon11_sena_ch02_S2_s.fm Page 44 Friday, October 2, 2009 10:41 AM ahon11_sena_ch02_S2_s.fm Page 45 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 11:55 AM About a year later, Cortés returned with a larger force, recaptured Tenochtitlán, and then destroyed it. In its place he built Mexico City, Teach The Indians Fear Us the capital of the Spanish colony of New Spain. Cortés used the same methods to subdue the Aztecs in Mexico SECTION SECTION The Indians of the coast, because of some fears Spanish Conquistadors “ that another conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, used in South America. of us, have abandoned all the country, so that for 2 Pizarro landed on the coast of Peru in 1531 to search for the Incas, p. 44 thirty leagues not a man of them has halted. ” who were said to have much gold. In September 1532, he led about L2 170 soldiers through the jungle into the heart of the Inca Empire. Instruction —Hernando de Soto, Spanish explorer n High-Use Words and conqueror, report on Pizarro then took the Inca ruler Atahualpa (ah tuh WAHL puh) pris- Before teaching this expedition to Florida, 1539 oner. Although the Inca people paid a huge ransom to free their ruler, section, preteach the High-Use Words Pizarro executed him anyway. By November 1533, the Spanish had factor and rigid before reading, using defeated the leaderless Incas and captured their capital city of Cuzco. the strategy on TE p. T21. Key Terms Why the Spanish Were Victorious How could a few Have students continue fill­ing in the See It–Remember It chart � Hernando de Soto hundred Spanish soldiers defeat Native American armies many Vocabulary Builder times their size? Several factors explain the Spaniards’ success. First factor (FAK tor) n. important for the Key Terms in this chapter. among these was technology. The Indians’ weapons simply were no element of something n Have students read Spanish Conquista­ match for the armor, muskets, and cannons of the Europeans. In dors using the Structured Silent Reading addition, many of the Spaniards rode horses, which the Native strategy (TE, p. T22). Americans had never before seen. Finally, the Native Americans n were divided among themselves. In Peru, a civil war had just ended. Ask students: Why did some Native Spain’s Empire in the Americas In Mexico, many Native Americans hated the Aztecs. Americans join the Spanish against the Aztecs? (The ruling Aztecs treated them Why were a few Spanish conquistadors able to unfairly.) Objectives Why It Matters Even though Columbus never realized defeat the larger armies of the Aztecs and Incas? • Describe how the Spanish were able to defeat that he had reached a region previously unknown to Euro- n Discuss the ways that technology the empires of the Aztecs and Incas. peans, his voyages gave Spain a head start on its European con­tributed to the Spanish victories over • Identify Spanish explorations in areas that rivals in colonizing the Americas. larger armies of Native Americans. (The later became part of the United States. Section Focus Question: How did Spain establish an more advanced technology of the Spanish • Explain how society was organized in Spain’s empire in the Americas? Spanish Conquistadors meant that they had significantly better empire in the Americas. The Spanish soldiers were weapons than the Native Americans.) Spanish Conquistadors outnumbered by the Aztecs By the early 1500s, the Spanish had a firm foothold in the and the Incas, yet they were able to easily defeat these Independent Practice Americas.