Evaluation of Land Use in Gunung Sewu Geopark Area (Case in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village)
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Evaluation of Land Use in Gunung Sewu Geopark Area (Case in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village) Johan Setiadi, Suratman, Eko Haryono Department of Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Correspondence to Johan Setiadi: [email protected] Abstract Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village geographically located at Gunung Sewu karst area that have a geological heritage Luweng Cokro, it has been established by Global Geopark Network UNESCO as world geological heritage. Concern conflict to undertake conservation and community pressure to exploit karst natural resources in Bedoyo Village and Umbulrejo Vilage will inflict the problems of land degradation in karst area. This research aimed to evaluated land capability, actual land use suitability, and provided land use directives to support sustainable geopark in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village by using GIS approach. Land use in Bedoyo Village and Umbulrejo Village are classified as suitable land with area 604,42 hectars and 979,49 hectars, positive unsuitable land area 243,06 hectars and 236,60 hectars, and negative unsuitable land area 140,77 hectars and 162,20 hectars. Land use in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village are classified as suitable land with concept of geopark development with area 847,80 ha and 1.248,69 ha and unsuitable land area 142,20 ha and 131,31 ha.. The land use suitability aspect shown that land use in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village has been classified as suitable, this is shown by dominance of suitable land in both villages and the karst area management strategy must prioritize conservation actions to maintain sustainability geopark in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village. Keywords: landuse, karst area, geopark, GIS, Bedoyo Village, Umbulrejo Village 1. Introduction Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village geographically located in Gunung Sewu karst area and have Luweng Cokro as geological heritage which has been established by GGN UNESCO as world’s geological heritage. Geological diversity are geological component that have function as history trace of the earth formation. Geological diversity various consist of landscape, landform, rock outcrop, rock groups, rock type, soil, mineral, crystal, and fossil that contain of meaningful values, then geological diversity is non-renewable geological heritage and need to be protected (Wang, et al. 2015). Concern conflicts to undertake conservation and community pressure to exploit karst natural resources will inflict land degradation problems in karst areas. Geological heritage will become extinct, if the community choose exploitation as the only way to attain economic welfare. Geological heritage protection is crucial and has been accommodated in the Spatial Planning Law and the legislation its derived (Aidin, 2017). Karst Hill is a vital aquifer, it is an underground river reservoir in the karst region. Limestone mining in karst hills is done by cutting karst hills vertical cavities which are the connector between surface zones and underground rivers that will cause slope 13 damage and filters damage or filters that serve as a barrier to various kinds of pollutants from the surface zone drop to underground rivers. The mined epikarst zone will cause pollution to the underground river water quality that is utilized by the community for daily needs (Adji, 2009). The hydrological cycle in Gunung Sewu karst ecosystem has an important role to play carbon absorption, carbon consumption, and carbon cycle balancer, it can reduce the greenhouse effect and global warming. Preliminary calculation results show that the amount of activated carbon absorbed by the karstification process in Gunung Sewu during the year amounted to around 72,000 tons of CO2 gas (Haryono, et al., 2009). Non-suitable actual land use with the ability class or potential possessed by the land causes errors in land use and land degradation so that land use becomes unsustainable (Widyatmoko, 2010). This research aims to evaluate land ability and actual land use sustaibility to determine land use strategies in accordance with the sustainable geopark development basic concepts of in Bedoyo village and Umbul Rejo village. Land capability evaluation is an important component in the land use planning process to minimize environmental degradation around Gunung Sewu geopark. The assessment of the actual land use sustaibility with the land capability class aims to determine the level of land use error. Land use error is a land use pattern that is not in accordance with the land potential and has potential to cause the land degradation. Moreover, a land use strategy was formulated in accordance with the sustainable geopark development basic concepts in Bedoyo village and Umbul Rejo village. 2. Research Method This research uses a Geographic Information System approach that is carried out in three stages, namely the pre-survey, survey and post-survey stages. Land unit is obtained by overlaying the geological map, land type map, landform map, slope map, and land use map. Moreover, 13 sample points were taken in Bedoyo Village and 15 sample points in Umbul Rejo Village with a purposive sampling method. The aspects in this research consisted of five main aspects, namely land capability evaluation, actual land use suitability, karst environmental disturbance level, identification of vulnerability and resilience of community households, and land use strategies in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village. Land capability evaluation in this research uses LCLP. Land use suitability evaluation in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village was obtained by overlaying the Land Capability Map and Actual Land Use Map in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village. The land use strategy in this research was carried out by considering the aspects of land capability class, geodiversity potential, biodiversity potential, and cultural diversity potential in Bedoyo and Umbul Rejo villages 14 3. Results and Discussions 3.1. Land Capability Evaluation in Bedoyo and Umbul Rejo Villages Land capability evaluation is basically an assessing process of land potential for certain uses. Evaluation of land capability is grouped into arable land and non-arable land. The land capability class in Bedoyo Village consists of land capability classes of II, III, IV, VI, VII, and VIII. The land capability classes in Umbul Rejo Village consist of land capability classes of II, III, IV, and VII. Bedoyo village is dominated by low land potential, namely as land capability classes of VI to VIII. The most extensive land capability class in Bedoyo village is land capability class of VII, with land area of 308,07 ha. The land capability class of III has the second widest area after the land capability class of VII, with land area of 219,58 ha. The land potential in Bedoyo Village is dominated by land capability class of VII, while high land potential in Bedoyo village is dominated by land capability class of III. Overall, Bedoyo Village has the land with high potential to moderate area of 458,26 ha and the land with low potential of 531,74 ha. The result recapitulation of land capability class analyses in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Map of Land Capability Classes in Bedoyo and Umbul Rejo Villages is presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Table 1. Result of Land Capabality Evaluation in Bedoyo Village No. Land Capability Area (Ha) Class Description 1. II 37,83 High Arable land 2. III 219,58 High Arable land 3. IV 200,85 Medium Arable land 4. VI 137,78 Low Non-arable land 5. VII 308,07 Low Non-arable land 6. VIII 85,89 Low Non-arable land Source : Data Analysis, 2019. Umbul Rejo village is dominated by high land potential namely as land capability classes of II and III and medium land potential namely as land capability class of IV. The most extensive land capability class in Umbul Rejo Village is land capability class of III, with land area of 766,40 ha. The land capability class of VII has wider area after land capability class of III, with land area of 282,17 ha. 15 Table 2. Result of Land Capabality Evaluation in Umbul Rejo Village No. Land Capability Area (Ha) Class Description 1. II 70,92 High Arable land 2. III 766,40 High Arable land 3. IV 260,51 Medium Arable land 4. VII 282,17 Low Non-arable land Source : Data Analysis, 2019. Figure 1. Land Capability Map in Bedoyo Village 16 Figure 2. Land Capability Map in Umbul Rejo Village 17 The high land potential in Umbul Rejo Village is dominated by land capability class of III. The low land potential in Umbul Rejo Village is dominated by land capability class of VII. Overall, Umbul Rejo Village has 1.097,83 ha of high to moderate potential land and 282,17 ha of low potential land. Limiting factors in Bedoyo Village and Umbul Rejo Village lands consist of drainage, soil depth, gravel/rock, surface slope, permeability, and topsoil texture. The land management with drainage limiting factors requires manufacture of shallow drainage channels width 0,4-0,6 meters to prevent organic acids formation, it cause oxidation of sulfuric acid layers and plants toxicity (Effendy, 2011). In addition, land with drainage limiting factors can be used for land use such as irrigated rice field, because it requires puddling, flooding and drying. Puddling inflicts soil dispersion and inundation causes the organic matter destruction, iron oxide and manganese oxide layers reduction into water-soluble forms. Water-saturated soil conditions and drying processes will accelerate the stabilizing soil aggregates process that form hard and dense layers, thereby increasing utilization efficiency. The land management with soil depth limiting factor requires planting holes with wider diameter because the root systems develop in shallow soil depths tend to spread horizontally and pot system application as a plant growing medium so that plant roots can develop properly.