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Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library III~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII GlPE-PUNE-002267 THE HISTORY OF THII: FRENOH REVOLUTION THE HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789-1800 -BY LOUIS ADOLPHE THIERS TRANSLATBD, WITH NOTBS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, FROM THB MOST AUTHENTIO BOUR0BB, BY FREDERICK SHOBERL NEW EDITION, WITH UPWARDS OP PORTY ILLUSTRATIONS ON STEEL ENGRA VED BY WILLl.AM GRE.ATBATOn IN FIVE VOLUMES VOL. II. LONDON RICHARD BENTLEY AND SON ~ubIisI.Jtrs ilt ®tbinRtJ! to 'JIttt ftlnjrstp t/Jr 0lurm 1895 [AIl'f'ighu~ VS;,?>,:S,-79/. L3. (S-, L- L-~7 ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME II. MURDER OF THE PRINCESB& DE LUfBALLE • . to face Title PORTRAIT OF THE PRINCEBBE DE LAMBALLE . " 44 PORTRAIT OF MADAME ROLAND " 74 LOUIB XVI. AT THE CONVENTION • 180 , " LAsT INTERVmW OF LOUIS XVI. WITH HIB FAMILY " 214 PORTRAIT OF LOUIS XVI. 218 " PORTRAIT OF DUMOURIEZ 8 " 2 4 TRIUMPH OF MARAT 8 " 29 PORTRAIT OF LAROCHEJAQUELEIN 12 " 3 APPENDICES. APPENDICES. A. [Pages·] MADAMR ELIZABETH. "Madame Elizabeth Philippine Marie Helene, sister to Louis XVI., was born at Versailles in the year 1764. She was the youngest child of Louis, Dauphin of France, and Marie Josephine of Saxony. At the commencement of the Revolution, Madame Elizabeth saw with terror the convocation of the States-general; but when it was found to be inevitable, she devoted herself from that moment entirely to the Welfare of her brother and the royal family. She was condemned to death in 179~, and ascended the scaffold with twenty-four other victims, not one of whom she knew. She was thirty years old at the time of her execu tion, and demeaned herself throughout with courage and resignation." -Biographie Moden",. B. [Page 16.] THR COMTE DE DILLON. "The Comte Arthur de Dillon, a general officer in the French service, was deputed from Martinique to the States-general, and embl'loCed the revolutionary party. In 1792 lie took one of the chief commands in the army of the North. In the year 1794 he was condemned to death by the revolutionary tribunal as a conspirator. He was forty-three years old, and was born at Berwick, in England."-Biograpllie Mod.'m8. '- C. [Page 2~.] KELLERMANN. "FranQOis Christophe Kellermann, a Frenc~ ge~eral, began life as & private hussar, but was soon promoted for his skill and good condu?t. In 1792 he obtained the command of the army of the Moselle, and dis tinauished himself at the battle of Valmy. In 1794 he was brought bef~re the revolutionary tribunal, but acquitted. In 1799 he became a 367 APPENDICES. member of the Consular Senate; in 1802 he obtained the title of grand officer of the Legion of Honour; and soon afterwards was raised to the rank of Marshal of the Empire. He was father of the celebrated Keller mann, whose glorious charge decided the battle of Marengo."-Biograpkie Motkrne. D. [Page 30.] MA~LLARD. "Maillard, a runner belonging to the Chatelet at Paris, began, from the opening of the States-general, to signalize himself in all the tumults of the metropolis. In September 1792 he presided at the meeting at the Abbaye to regulate the massacre of the prisoners; and it has been said that he seized on the spoils of those who were murdered by his order. He afterwards became one of the denunciators of the prisons, and during the Reign of Terror appeared several· times at La Force, to mark the victims who were to be condemned by the revolutionary tribunal."-Biograpkie Moderne. E. [Page 34-] BILLAUD-V ARENNEB. "Billaud-Varennes was born at Rochelle, which place he quitted several years before the Revolution, at the age of twenty-three, from vexation that the people there had hissed a theatrical piece of his com position. He then went to Paris, where he got himself admitted a barrister, and married a natural daughter of M. de Verdun, the only one of the farmers-general who was not guillotined. In 1792 he was substitute for the attorney of the commune of Paris, and became one of the directors of the September massacres. In 1795 he was sentenced to bauishment to Guiana, where he was looked upon by the people as little better than a wild beast. His principal occupation during his exile was in breeding parrots. Billaud-Varennes was the author of many dull pamphlets."-Biographie Modeme. F. [Pagqo.] THE SEPTEMBER MASSACRES. "At half-pa8t, two o'clock on Suwy, Sept. 2, we prisoners saw three carriages pass by, attended by a crowd of frantic men and women. They went on to the Abbey cloister, which had been converted into a prison for the clerlO" In a moment after, we heard that the mob had just butchered all the ecclesiastics, who, they said, had been put into the APPENDICES. fold there: Near [our o'c~ock.-The piercing cries of a man whom they were hackmg to pleces wlth hangers drew us to the turret window of our prison, whence we saw a mangled corpse' on the ground opposite to the door. Another was butchered in the same manner a moment afterwards. -Near S8VB'I& o'clock.-We saw two men enter our cell with drawn swords in their bloody hands. A turl).key showed the way with a flambeau, and pointed out to them the bed of the unfortunate Swiss soldier Reding. At this frightful moment I was clasping his hand, and endeavouring to console him. One of the assassins was going to lift him up, but the poor Swiss stopped him by saying in a dying tone of voice, 'I am not afraid of death; pray, sir, let me be killed here.' He was, however, borne away on the men's shoulders, carried into the street, and there murdered. Ten o'clock, Monday morning.-The most important matter that now employed our thoughts was to consider what posture we should put ourselves in when dragged to the place of slaughter, in order to receive death with the least pain. We sent from time to time some of our companions to the turret window to inform us of the attitude of the victims. They brought us back word that those who stretched out their hands suffered the longest, because the blows of the cutlasses were thereby weakened before they reached the head; that even some of the victims lost their hands and arnlS before their bodies fell; and that such as put their hands behind their backs must have suffered much less pain. We calculated the advantages of this last posture, and advised one another to adopt it when it should come to our turn to be butchered. One o'clock, Tuesday moming.-After enduring inconceivable tortures of mind, I was brought before my. judges, pro claimed innocent, and set free."-From a Journal. entitled' My 7'ltirty eight Hours' Agony,' by M. Journiac de Saint-Meard. G. [Page 45.] THE PRINCESSE DE LAM BALLE. "The Princesse de Lamballe having been spared on the night of the 2nd, flung herself on her bed, oppressed with every species of anxiety and horror. She closed her eyes, but only to open them in an instant, startled with frightful dreams. About eight o'clock next morning two national guards entered her room to inform her that she was going to be removed to the Abbaye. She slipped on her ~own, and went downstairs into the sessions-room. When she entered thlS frightful court, the sight of weapons stainad with blood, and of executioners whose hands, faces, and clothes were smeared over with the same red dye, gave her such a shock that she fainted several times. At length she was subjected to a mock examination, after which, just as she was stepping across the threshold of the door, she received on the back of her head a blow with a hanger, which made the blood ·spout. Two men then laid fast hold of her, and obliged her to walk over dead bodies, while she was fainting every instant. They then completed .her murder by running her through with their spears on a heap of corpses. She was afterwards stril'ped, an~ her n~ked body exposed to the insults of the populace. In tins state lt remamed more than two hours. When any blood gushing from its wounds stained VOL. II. 52 * 370 APPENIJ]CES. the skin, some men, placed there for the purpose, immediately washed it off, to make the spectators take more particular notice of its whiteness. I must not venture to describe the excesses of barbarity and lustful indecency with which this corpse was defiled. I shall only say that a cannon was charged with one of the legs! Towards noon the murderers determined to cut off her head, and carry it in triumph round Paris. Her other scattered limbs were also given to troops of cannibals, who trailed them along the streets. The pik;e that supported the head was planted under the very windows of the Duc d'Orleans. He was sitting down to dinner at the time, but rose from his chair and gazed at the ghastly spectacle without discovering the least symptom of un easiness, terror, or satisfaction."-Peltier. "One day when my brother came to pay us a visit, he perceived, as he came along, groups of people whose sanguinary drunkenness was horrible. Many were naked to the waist, and their arms and breasts were covered with blood. Their countenances were inflamed, and their eyes haggard; in short, they looked hideous. My brother, in his uneasi ness about us, determined to come to us at all risks, and drove rapidly along the B=levard until he arrived opposite the house of Beaumarchais.