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EXECUTIVE NOTE to the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &C

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EXECUTIVE NOTE to the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &C EXECUTIVE NOTE The Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2007 SSI/2007/80 Background The above instrument is made in exercise of the powers conferred by section 2(2) of, and paragraph 1A of Schedule 2 to the European Communities Act 1972 and section 26A of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. The instrument is subject to affirmative resolution procedure. The overall effect of the instrument is to further transpose Council Directive 92/43/EEC (“the Habitats Directive”) by amending the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994 (“the 1994 Regulations”), which originally transposed the Directive (a copy of the Habitats Directive is provided at Annex A). This is necessary in the light of the judgement of the European Court of Justice (“the ECJ”) in cases C-6/04 and C-131/05. A number of consequential and related changes are made to other legislation (in particular to analogous provisions in the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (c.69) and section 10 of the Conservation of Seals Act 1979 (c.30)) in order to maintain general consistency and coherence in the application of species protection measures. The ruling in case C-6/04 found certain aspects of the 1994 Regulations to be inconsistent with a strict interpretation of the obligations arising under the Habitats Directive. For example, the ECJ held that certain statutory defences allowed for in the 1994 Regulations did not accord fully with the derogation requirements set out in Article 16 of the Directive. The ECJ ruling also clarified the extent to which certain requirements of the Directive (for example in relation to land-use plans) should be applied. As a result, it is apparent that the obligations which arise under European law are broader in their effect than had previously been understood to be the case. In case C-131/05, the ECJ held that the UK had failed to transpose the Habitats Directive in full by omitting to extend controls on the possession of, and trade in, each of the protected species listed in Annex IV to the Directive. These controls are currently limited to those Annex IV species which are ordinarily found in Great Britain. Again, in the light of the ECJ ruling, the effect of the Directive can be seen to extend beyond the limits of current transposition arrangements. In both instances, the UK Government has undertaken to rectify the matters specifically identified in the ECJ rulings. These amending regulations give effect to that undertaking in and as regards Scotland. Policy Objectives The policy aim is to satisfy the requirement to transpose the Habitats Directive accurately and in full, taking into account the requirements identified in the relevant ECJ rulings. The relevant changes to the 1994 Regulations (and, where relevant, other statutes) take the form of new provisions, amendments to existing provisions and deletions of existing provisions (either in whole or in part). In conjunction with this, European Protected Species 1 (“EPS”) (being those species listed in Annex IV which are ordinarily found in Great Britain) are being removed from Schedules 5 and 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. The instrument will have the following effects: IN RELATION TO SPECIES • Enhanced monitoring of the effects of exploitation for species of Community interest (particularly species belonging to Annex V of the Directive). • Removal of the existing “incidental result” defence for offences against animals which are EPS and changes to those offences. • Removal of the existing Animal Health Act 1981 and Agriculture (Scotland) Act 1948 defences. • Initiation of monitoring for the incidental capture and killing of animals which are EPS. • Extension of the offence in the 1994 Regulations of keeping and selling specimens to all of the species listed in Annex IV of the Habitats Directive (except where those specimens were lawfully taken before 1994 in the EC or were lawfully taken outside the EC). Previously, only those Annex IV species found in Great Britain were protected • Removal of the defence for keeping and selling EPS specimens which have been lawfully taken or killed. EPS specimens may be kept where they were lawfully taken in the EC before 1994 or were lawfully taken outside the EC. There is no defence available in relation to the sale of such specimens. Special provision, by means of licence, will be made for specimens already in circulation. A transitional period has been allowed for in the amending regulations • Extension of the offence of using indiscriminate means of taking or killing animals listed in Schedule 3 of the 1994 Regulations. • Introduction of the offence of breach of licence conditions for licences granted under regulation 44 of the 1994 Regulations. • Technical amendment of section 10 of the Conservation of Seals Act 1970 to clarify the application of obligations arising under the Habitats Directive. IN RELATION TO EUROPEAN SITES Water abstraction 2 Part IV of the 1994 Regulations is amended to include specific reference to the Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005 (“CAR”). This relates to responsibilities exercised by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and clarifies powers to grant and vary authorisations for water abstraction and other controlled activities under CAR in accordance with the requirements of the Habitats Directive Development plans Insertion of a new Part IVA into the 1994 Regulations which requires appropriate assessment of land use plans when such plans are likely to have a significant effect on a European site or sites. Land use plans comprise structure plans and local plans as provided for in Part II of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997. Further appropriate amendments to this definition will be made in due course to take account of the new types of plans provided for under the Planning etc. (Scotland) Bill. CONSULTATION A draft of the instrument was the subject of public consultation, having been contained in the consultation paper The Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2006, published by the Scottish Executive in June 2006. This consultation paper set out the Scottish Executive’s proposals for implementing the changes required by the ECJ judgement of October 2005 and was distributed widely to a diverse range of organisations and individuals. 55 responses were received, largely from NGOs, public bodies, trade organisations and private individuals. FINANCIAL EFFECTS The principal purpose of the amendments is to clarify the precise state of the law in relation to the obligations arising under the Habitats Directive. As a consequence, it is not expected that the amendments will give rise, overall, to significant new demands on the public, private or voluntary sectors or impose unreasonable new demands on individuals. Certain administrative processes, however, will require revision in light of the amendments. This in turn may require affected parties to make adjustments to their own internal procedures. For example, those activities which are currently covered by statutory defences may in future require to be explicitly licensed and time will need to be built into the relevant processes to allow for this. Similarly, local authorities will need to ensure that local plans and structure plans are assessed in a manner which is fully compliant with the Habitats Directive. Interim guidance in this connection has already been issued to all planning authorities in Scotland. A draft partial Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) was included as part of the consultation. This draft RIA concluded that there would be no extra costs to businesses, however some responses to the consultation felt that there would be increased costs to some operators. The RIA is attached at Annex B. 3 Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department December 2006 4 Annex A Office for Official Publications of the European Communities < COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7) Amended by: Official Journal No page date ►M1 Council Directive 97/62/EC of 27 October 1997 L 305 42 8.11.1997 ►M2 Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 September 2003 L 284 1 31.10.2003 Amended by: ►A1 Act of Accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland C 241 21 29.8.1994 (adapted by Council Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC) L 1 1 1.1.1995 ►A2 Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded L 236 33 23.9.2003 Corrected by: ►C1 Corrigendum, OJ L 176, 20.7.1993, p. 29 (92/43/EEC) ▼B COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 130s thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1), Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (2), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (3), Whereas the preservation, protection and improvement of the quality of the environment, including the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, are
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