DOCSLIB.ORG

Durham E-Theses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses Frugivory and seed dispersal by carnivores in the Rhodopi mountains of northern Greece Giannakos, Panayiotis How to cite: Giannakos, Panayiotis (1997) Frugivory and seed dispersal by carnivores in the Rhodopi mountains of northern Greece, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4900/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 FRUGIVORY AND SEED DISPERSAL BY CARNIVORES IN THE RHODOPI MOUNTAINS OF NORTHERN GREECE by Panayiotis Giannakos B.Sc. M.Sc. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the written consent of the author and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Being a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Durham Department of Biological Sciences 1997 2 JUL isgg ABSTRACT The frugivory and seed dispersal by carnivores were studied using a combination of vegetation surveys, fruit production counts and analysis of faeces distribution and content. The study site is situated close to the Greek-Bulgarian border within a protected area. The habitat comprises of a mixed forest of beech, pine, oak and spruce which is occasionally interrupted by patches of fruiting trees. Faecal samples were collected on five permanent transects which were sampled monthly between May and October of 1993 and 1994. Fruiting plant density was found to be sUghtly higher in the forest than along forest roads, however the species diversity was much higher on the latter. In some cases, immature fruiting plants were found on transects with no mature plants in the vicinity. Availability of ripe fruit was found to increase steadily between May and September. There was a significant difference between the numbers of faeces deposited by the carnivores, with fox being the most numerous, followed by marten, bear and wolf. There was spatial and temporal variation in the number of faeces deposited. Nevertheless, there was no variation between different altitudinal zones. Martens were found to defecate more often on stones when compared with the other carnivores. The analysis of fruit consumption revealed that bears were the most frugivorous carnivores followed by foxes, wolves and martens on the basis of frequency of consumption. The temporal availability of each ripe fruit species coincided with their consumption by the carnivores in most of the cases. A number of seed species were deposited at altitudes where the plants do not normally grow. Foxes dispersed the highest numbers of seeds in the study area and bears were second as they deposited large-size faeces which contained many seeds. Of the dispersed seeds, those of Rubus sp., Rosa sp. and Fragaria vesca were deposited in the highest numbers. Only a smaU number fraction of seeds were damaged through handling by carnivores. DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is original. Any material which is not my own work has been identified as such. The analysis and interpretation of the results are entirely my own unless otherwise stated. No part of it has been submitted previously for a degree at any other university. Copyright The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information from it should be acknowledged. Panayiotis Giannakos Durham 1997 .and the cubs are born at around the time that they (the bears) den. During this time the bears of both sexes become very fat." "Stories about the animals" Aristotle To my parents TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 LIST OF TABLES VI LIST OF FIGURES VIIH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IX CHAPTER ONE 1.0. INTRODUCTION TO SEED DISPERSAL 1 1.1. Function of seed dispersal 1 1.1.1. Coevolution and seed dispersal 4 1.1.2. Fruit adaptations to enhance seed dispersal 5 1.2. Quality and quantity component of seed dispersal 11 1.3. Comparison of avian versus mammalian seed dispersers 12 1.3.1. MammaUan legitimate dispersers 21 1.4. Aims of the study and structure of the thesis 26 CHAPTER TWO THE STUDY AREA AND ITS VEGETATION 28 2.1. INTRODUCTION 28 2.1.1. General description of the Rhodope massif and the research area 28 2.1.2. Choice of transects 34 2.2. METHODS AND MATERIALS 38 2.3. RESULTS 40 2.3.1. Vegetation surveys 40 2.3.2. Fruit production 47 2.4. DISCUSSION 51 CHAPTER THREE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEED DEPOSITION BY CARNIVORES 57 3.1. INTRODUCTION 57 I 3.1.1. Carnivores 57 3.1.1.1. Home ranges and territoriaUty 57 3.1.1.2. Movements 63 3.1.1.3. The role of faeces in territorial marking by carnivores 63 3.1.2. Brown bear {Ursus arctos) 64 3.1.2.1. Habitat requirements and preferences 64 3.1.2.2. Home ranges and territoriality 65 3.1.2.3. Movements 66 3.1.3. Red fox {Vulpes vulpes) 68 3.1.3.1. Habitat requirements and preferences 68 3.1.3.2. Home ranges and territoriality 68 3.1.3.3. Movements 69 3.1.4. Grey wolf (Canis lupus) 70 3.1.4.1. Habitat requirements and preferences 70 3.1.4.2. Home ranges and territoriality 71 3.1.4.3. Movements 73 3.1.5. Stone marten {Martes martes) 73 3.1.5.1. Habitat requirements and preferences 73 3.1.5.2. Home ranges and territoriality 76 3.1.5.3. Movements 77 3.1.6. Summary 77 3.2 METHODS AND MATERIALS 79 3.2.1. Data recorded 80 3.3 RESULTS 81 3.3.1. The temporal distribution of faeces along the five transects 81 3.3.2. The distribution of faeces in relation to altitude 87 3.3.3 Deposition of faeces on different substrates 87 3.3.4 Deposition of faeces within the plant communities of the study area 88 3.4 DISCUSSION 89 3.4.1. The distribution of the faeces along the five transects 89 3.4.1.1. Estimated numbers of carnivores 93 3.4.2. The distribution of faeces and the seasonal changes 94 II 3.4.3. The distribution of the faeces in relation to the altitude 96 3.4.4. Deposition of faeces on different substrates 97 3.4.5. Deposition of faeces within the plant communities of the study area 98 CHAPTER FOUR THE IMPORTANCE OF FRUGIVORY IN THE DIET OF THE CARNIVORES 100 4.1. INTRODUCTION 100 4.1.1. Brown bear 103 4.1.2. Red fox 109 4.1.3. Grey wolf 113 4.1.4. Stone marten 115 4.1.5. Summary 120 4.1.6. Aims 121 4.2. METHODS AND MATERIALS 122 4.3. RESULTS 124 4.3.1. Species of seed found in faeces 124 4.3.1.1. Factors affecting the frugivory index 124 4.3.1.2. Factors affecting the presence of seed species in faeces 125 4.3.1.3. Frequency of occurrence of the different seed species in faeces 131 4.3.1.4. Number of seed species found in faecal samples 136 4.3.1.5. Combinations of seed species found in faeces 137 4.3.1.6. Occurrence of seed species in the altitudinal zones 138 4.3.2. Numbers of seeds found in faeces 138 4.3.2.1. Factors affecting the number of seeds found in faeces 138 4.3.2.2. Factors affecting the numbers of damaged seeds in the faeces 145 4.3.2.3. The Relationship between seed weight and seed number 148 4.4. DISCUSSION 150 4.4.1. Frugivory index 150 4.4.2. Presence of seed species in the faeces 152 4.4.2.1. Number of seed species found 156 4.4.2.2. Combinations of seed species found in faeces 156 III 4.4.2.3. Frequency of appearance of the seed species and species diversity in the altitudinal zones 158 4.4.3. Numbers of seeds found in faeces 158 4.4.3.1. The effect of carnivores 158 4.4.3.2. Number of seeds found 159 4.4.3.3. Factors affecting the numbers of damaged seeds in faeces 160 4.4.4. Summary 161 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0. GENERAL DISCUSSION 162 5.1. Quantity of seed dispersal 162 5.1.1. Size of the seed bank and fruiting plant density 163 5.2. Quahty of seed dispersal 164 5.2.1. Dispersal distances 166 5.2.2. Propagation of seeds on the transects 167 5.2.3. Post-dispersal seed and seedUng survival 170 5.2.3.1. Factors affecting the regeneration of the fruiting species 173 5.3. Which are the more important dispersers: Birds or mammals 176 5.3.1. Timing of fruit ripening 185 5.3.2. Choice of fruit by frugivores 186 5.4. Conclusion 187 APPENDIX 1 189 COMMON AND LATIN NAMES OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of the Brown Bear Ursus Arctos As Seed Disperser: a Case Study with the Bilberry Vaccinium Myrtillus
    The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as seed disperser: a case study with the bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus Rola niedźwiedzia brunatnego Ursus arctos w rozprzestrzenianiu nasion: studium przypadku na przykładzie borówki czarnej Vaccinium myrtillus PhD thesis Alberto García-Rodríguez Kraków, 2021 To the memory of José Ignacio and Javier Rodríguez Val Female brown bear with two cubs of the year feeding on bilberry fruits in Tatra National Park (July 2020) “They thought they were burying you, they did not know they were burying a seed” Ernesto Cardenal, Nicaraguan priest, poet and politician PhD CANDIDATE mgr. ALBERTO GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Krakow, Poland SUPERVISOR dr. hab. NURIA SELVA FERNÁNDEZ Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Krakow, Poland CO-SUPERVISOR dr. JÖRG ALBRECHT Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F) Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The PhD thesis was prepared during doctoral studies in the Doctoral Study of Natural Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. CONTENTS SUMMARY…………..……………..…………………………...………………………………………………...5 STRESZCZENIE……...………….……………………………………………………………………………….8 INTRODUCTION……………………...………………………………………………….……………………...11 PAPER I The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser………………..…30 PAPER II The bear-berry connection: ecological and management implications of
    [Show full text]
  • Resilience at the Border: Traditional Botanical Knowledge Among Macedonians and Albanians Living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania
    Pieroni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2014, 10:31 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/31 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access Resilience at the border: traditional botanical knowledge among Macedonians and Albanians living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania Andrea Pieroni1*, Kevin Cianfaglione2, Anely Nedelcheva3, Avni Hajdari4, Behxhet Mustafa4 and Cassandra L Quave5,6 Abstract Background: Ethnobotany in South-Eastern Europe is gaining the interest of several scholars and stakeholders, since it is increasingly considered a key point for the re-evaluation of local bio-cultural heritage. The region of Gollobordo, located in Eastern Albania and bordering the Republic of Macedonia, is of particular interest for conducting ethnobiological studies, since it remained relatively isolated for the larger part of the 20th Century and is traditionally inhabited by a majority of ethnic Macedonians and a minority of Albanians (nowadays both sharing the Muslim faith). Methods: An ethnobotanical survey focused on local food, medicinal, and veterinary plant uses was conducted with 58 participants using open and semi-structured interviews and via participant observation. Results: We recorded and identified 115 taxa of vascular plants, which are locally used for food, medicinal, and veterinary purposes (representing 268 total plant reports). The Macedonian Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) was greater than the Albanian TEK, especially in the herbal and ritual domains. This phenomenon may be linked to the long socio-cultural and linguistic isolation of this group during the time when the borders between Albania and the former Yugoslavia were completely closed. Moreover, the unusual current food utilisation of cooked potatoes leaves, still in use nowadays among Macedonians, could represent the side effect of an extreme adaptation that locals underwent over the past century when the introduction of the potato crop made new strategies available for establishing stable settlements around the highest pastures.
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2
    Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2 2 A.R.T. nursery ..... Vol 2, No 4, page 2 Acorns, edible from oaks ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Aaron, J R & Richards: British woodland produce (book review) ..... Acorns, harvesting ..... Vol 5, No 4, Vol 1, No 4, page 34 page 3 Abies balsamea ..... Vol 8, No 2, page Acorns, nutritional composition ..... 31 Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies sibirica ..... Vol 8, No 2, page 31 Acorns, removing tannins from ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies species ..... Vol 19, No 1, page 13 Acorns, shelling ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Acca sellowiana ..... Vol 9, No 3, page 4 Acorns, utilisation ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Acer macrophyllum ..... Vol 16, No 2, page 6 Acorus calamus ..... Vol 8, No 4, page 6 Acer pseudoplatanus ..... Vol 3, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 10 Acer saccharum ..... Vol 16, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta, cultivars ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 14 Acer saccharum - strawberry agroforestry system ..... Vol 8, No 1, Actinidia arguta, description ..... Vol page 2 1, No 4, page 10 Acer species, with edible saps ..... Vol Actinidia arguta, drawings ..... Vol 1, 2, No 3, page 26 No 4, page 15 Achillea millefolium ..... Vol 8, No 4, Actinidia arguta, feeding & irrigaton page 5 ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 11 3 Actinidia arguta, fruiting ..... Vol 1, Actinidia spp ..... Vol 5, No 1, page 18 No 4, page 13 Actinorhizal plants ..... Vol 3, No 3, Actinidia arguta, nurseries page 30 supplying ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 16 Acworth, J M: The potential for farm Actinidia arguta, pests and diseases forestry, agroforestry and novel tree ....
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Anatomy of Eastern Mediterranean Species Ünal Akkemik Barbaros Yaman Dr
    Wood Anatomy of Eastern Mediterranean Species Ünal Akkemik Barbaros Yaman Dr. Ünal Akkemik Pictures on the cover Professor The big cover picture: Istanbul University Quercus infectoria subsp. boissieri Forestry Faculty Forest Botany Department The small pictures in turn: 34473 Bahçeköy - Istanbul Pinus pinea TURKEY Spartium junceum E-mail: [email protected] Liquidambar orientalis Research interests: Wood anatomy, wood identification, Quercus petraea subsp. pinnatiloba tree-ring researches Rhamnus nitidus Pterocarya fraxinifolia Dr. Barbaros Yaman Associate Professor Bartın University Forestry Faculty Forest Botany Department Bartın - TURKEY E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Wood anatomy, wood identification Copyright 2012, all rights reserved Verlag Kessel Kessel Publishing House Eifelweg 37 53424 Remagen-Oberwinter Germany Tel.: 0049-2228-493 Fax: 0049-3212-1024877 E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Homepage: www.forestrybooks.com www.forstbuch.de www.VerlagKessel.de Printed in Germany www.business-copy.com ISBN: 978-3-941300-59-0 Wood Anatomy of Eastern Mediterranean Species by Ünal Akkemik Barbaros Yaman Kessel Publishing House www.forestrybooks.com www.forstbuch.de 5 Preface The eastern Mediterranean Basin has a rich woody flora including Mediterranean-type vegetation and lo- cally mesomorphic woody taxa. The wood anatomy of these taxa is crucially important to understand their nature and formation. Wood anatomy is also important in the Old World because of having wooden parts in archaeological sites. A few wood anatomy books including the species of the eastern Mediterranean basin have been published. This book aims to make a contribution to the wood anatomy world by presenting the wood anatomical characteristics of some species of the eastern Mediterranean basin, mainly of Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Szent István Egyetem Kertészettudományi Kar Genetika És Növénynemesítés Tanszék
    SZENT ISTVÁN EGYETEM KERTÉSZETTUDOMÁNYI KAR GENETIKA ÉS NÖVÉNYNEMESÍTÉS TANSZÉK SZILVAFAJTÁK JELLEMZÉSE SSR- ÉS S-LÓKUSZ MARKEREKKEL Doktori (Ph.D.) értekezés tézisei MAKOVICSNÉ ZSOHÁR NOÉMI TÁMAVEZETŐ: DR. HALÁSZ JÚLIA BUDAPEST 2019 A doktori iskola megnevezés: Kertészettudományi Doktori Iskola Tudományága: Kertészeti biológia Vezetője: Zámboriné dr. Németh Éva, egyetemi tanár, DSc tanszékvezető, Gyógy- és Aromanövények Tanszék Szent István Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar Témavezető: Dr. Halász Júlia habilitált egyetemi docens, Ph.D. Genetika és Növénynemesítés Tanszék, Szent István Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar A jelölt a Szent István Egyetem Doktori Szabályzatában előirt valamennyi feltételnek eleget tett, az értekezés műhely vitájában elhangzott észrevételeket és javaslatokat az értekezés átdolgozásakor figyelembe vette, azért az értekezés védési eljárásra bocsátható. Zámboriné dr. Németh Éva Dr. Halász Júlia Iskolavezető Témavezető 2 1. BEVEZETÉS Hazánkban gazdasági szempontból a csonthéjas gyümölcsfajok között az európai szilva a jelentősebbek közé tartozik. Az európai szilva a Rosales renden belül a Rosaceae családba, a Prunoideae alcsaládba és a Prunus nemzetségbe tartozik, ezért termékenyülési típusát a gametofitikus inkompatibilitási rendszer határozza meg. A szilva egyike lehetett az első gyümölcstermő növényeknek, melyek felkeltették az ember érdeklődését. Az ismert szilvafajok száma 20 és 40 közé tehető. Keletkezési helyüket tekintve megkülönböztetünk európai, ázsiai és amerikai szilvafajokat. A világon a legelterjedtebbek
    [Show full text]
  • Man, Plant Remains, Diet: Spread and Ecology of Prunus L. in Sardinia
    Università degli Studi di Cagliari DOTTORATO DI RICERCA Botanica Ambientale e Applicata Ciclo XXVII Man, plant remains, diet: spread and ecology of Prunus L. in Sardinia Settore scientifico disciplinare di afferenza BIO/03 Presentata da: Marco Sarigu Coordinatore Dottorato Prof. Gianluigi Bacchetta Tutor Prof. Gianluigi Bacchetta Dr.ssa Maria Cecilia Loi Dr. Gianfranco Venora Dr. Mariano Ucchesu Dr. Oscar Grillo Esame finale anno accademico 2014 – 2015 Summary Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 Ancient Fruits and Crop Wild relatives (CWR) ............................................................... 4 The Prunus L. genus ............................................................................................................ 6 Prunus domestica L. .................................................................................................... 8 Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens ..................................... 10 Prunus spinosa L. ...................................................................................................... 10 PhD structure ..................................................................................................................... 12 References ........................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 1: Phenotypic identification of plum varieties (Prunus domestica L.) by endocarps morpho-colorimetric
    [Show full text]
  • AN ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS of ROSACEAE TAXA in TURKEY Dogan A., Bulut G., Senkardes I., Tuzlacı E
    The 2016 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings Boston, USA AN ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ROSACEAE TAXA IN TURKEY Dogan A., Bulut G., Senkardes I., Tuzlacı E. Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, İstanbul, Turkey. Abstract Rosaceae is one of the richest families in the flora of Turkey. It is also one of the most important families that are used in traditional therapy in Turkey. The aim of this study was revising Rosaceae family plants that are used as folk medicines in Turkey based on our local ethnobotanical excursions and scientific literature records. The ethnopharmacological information was obtained through open ended and semi-structured interviews with the local people. The specimens of the folk medicinal plants were collected during the field works and then identified. In addition, the scientific literature records on the subject were revised. Our investigations and the literature records yielded that 107 taxa of Rosaceae are used in therapy as folk medicines in Turkey. Among them, Rosa canina, Cydonia oblonga, Mespilus germanica, Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna, Crataegus aronia var. aronia and Rubus sanctus are the most popular medicinal plants and they are used in many localities of Turkey. The plants are mostly used for the digestive, urinary, circulatory, and respiratory system diseases. Keywords: Rosaceae, Medicinal Plants, Ethnobotany, Turkey Introduction Ethnobotanical studies are very important to reveal the past and present culture about the plants in the world. Since the ancient times people have used the plants as a source of medicine. Around 80% of general population in the world use plants to treat several illnesses. Medicinal plants are an important source of current drugs and about 25% of the drugs prescribed worldwide come from plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Resilience at the Border: Traditional Botanical
    Resilience at the border: traditional botanical knowledge among Macedonians and Albanians living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania Andrea Pieroni, University of Gastronomic Sciences Kevin Cianfaglione, University of Camerino Anely Nedelcheva, University of Sofia Avni Hajdari, University of Prishtina Hasan Prishtina Behxhet Mustafa, University of Prishtina Hasan Prishtina Cassandra Leah Quave, Emory University Journal Title: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine Volume: Volume 10, Number 31 Publisher: BioMed Central | 2014 Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF Publisher DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-10-31 Permanent URL: http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/g22s0 Final published version: http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/31 Copyright information: © 2014 Pieroni et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits making multiple copies, distribution of derivative works, distribution, public display, and publicly performance, provided the original work is properly cited. This license requires credit be given to copyright holder and/or author. Accessed September 25, 2021 4:36 AM EDT Pieroni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2014, 10:31 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/31 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access Resilience at the border: traditional botanical knowledge among Macedonians and Albanians living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania Andrea Pieroni1*, Kevin Cianfaglione2, Anely Nedelcheva3, Avni Hajdari4, Behxhet Mustafa4 and Cassandra L Quave5,6 Abstract Background: Ethnobotany in South-Eastern Europe is gaining the interest of several scholars and stakeholders, since it is increasingly considered a key point for the re-evaluation of local bio-cultural heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universitetas Medicinos
    LIETUVOS SVEIKATOS MOKSLŲ UNIVERSITETAS MEDICINOS AKADEMIJA FARMACIJOS FAKULTETAS FARMAKOGNOZIJOS KATEDRA RUGILĖ OKULEVIČIŪTĖ LIETUVOJE AUGINAMŲ NAMINIŲ SLYVŲ (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.) VAISIŲ FENOLINIŲ JUNGINIŲ KOKYBINĖS IR KIEKINĖS SUDĖTIES ĮVAIRAVIMO TYRIMAS Magistro baigiamasis darbas Darbo vadovas Dr. Mindaugas Liaudanskas KAUNAS, 2019 2 LIETUVOS SVEIKATOS MOKSLŲ UNIVERSITETAS MEDICINOS AKADEMIJA FARMACIJOS FAKULTETAS FARMAKOGNOZIJOS KATEDRA TVIRTINU: Farmacijos fakulteto dekanė: prof. dr. Ramunė Morkūnienė Data LIETUVOJE AUGINAMŲ NAMINIŲ SLYVŲ (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.) VAISIŲ FENOLINIŲ JUNGINIŲ KOKYBINĖS IR KIEKINĖS SUDĖTIES ĮVAIRAVIMO TYRIMAS Magistro baigiamasis darbas Darbo vadovas Dr. Mindaugas Liaudanskas Data Recenzentas Darbą atliko Magistrantė Rugilė Okulevičiūtė Data Data KAUNAS, 2019 3 TURINYS SANTRAUKA....................................................................................................................... 7 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 8 SANTRUMPOS .................................................................................................................... 9 ĮVADAS ................................................................................................................................ 8 DARBO TIKSLAS IR UŽDAVINIAI ................................................................................... 9 1. LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ΔΑΣΙΚΗ ΒΟΤΑΝΙΚΗ Ranunculaceae
    ΔΑΣΙΚΗ ULMACEAE – RANUNCULACEAE – ΒΟΤΑΝΙΚΗ LAURACEAE – PLATANACEAE – ROSACEAE Kώστας Βιδάκης Kώστας Βιδάκης Γεώργιος Κοράκης Kώστας Βιδάκης Ulmaceae ΔΑΣΙΚΗ ΒΟΤΑΝΙΚΗ Kώστας Βιδάκης Φύλλα εναλλασσόμενα, δίσειρα, απλά, πριονωτά μέχρι οδοντωτά, συχνά με ασύμμετρη βάση. Τα παράφυλλα πέφτουν νωρίς. Άνθη μονογενή ή διγενή, μικρά, σε δέσμες ή μεμονωμένα, μασχαλιαία. Περιάνθιο με 4-8 σεπαλοειδή Kώστας Βιδάκης πέταλα (τέπαλα) τα οποία συνήθως συμφύονται. Οι στήμονες είναι Η οικογένεια περιλαμβάνει 8 γένη και 61 ισάριθμοι, όρθιοι, ελεύθεροι ή είδη φυλλοβόλων ή αειθαλών, μόνοικων ή συμφυείς προς τα κάτω. Η ωοθήκη πολύγαμων δέντρων και θάμνων. αποτελείται από δύο συμφυή Για τις ανάγκες του μαθήματος, καρπόφυλλα, συνήθως μονόχωρη ακολουθώντας το Vascular Plants of με μία σπερμοβλάστη, σπάνια Greece, το γένος Celtis θα εξεταστεί ως δίχωρη με 2 σπερμοβλάστες. γένος συμπεριλαμβανόμενο στην Καρπός πτερυγιοφόρο κάρυο, Kώστας Βιδάκης οικογένεια Ulmaceae. δρύπη ή δρυπόμορφος. Ulmaceae Τρία (3) από τα οκτώ (+1) γένη της οικογένειας εξαπλώνονται και στην Ελλάδα. Στο εργαστηριακό μάθημα θα εξετάσουμε 4 αυτόχθονα είδη δύο γενών (Ulmus- Celtis). 1 Φύλλα πτερόνευρα από τη βάση 2 Καρπός πτερυγιοφόρο κάρυο. Φύλλα συνήθως διπλά πριονωτά. ULMUS 2 Καρπός δρυπόμορφος, μικρός, με μικρό ποδίσκο. Φύλλα απλά πριονωτά ή οδοντωτά. ZELKOVA 1 Φύλλα τρίνευρα στη βάση. CELTIS Kώστας Βιδάκης ULMUS Kώστας Βιδάκης CELTIS ZELKOVA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelkova_abelicea#/media/File:Zelk ova_abelicia.jpg Kώστας Βιδάκης ULMUS Kώστας Βιδάκης CELTIS Ulmaceae ULMUS Φτελιά Πτερυγιοφόρο κάρυο χωρίς 1 βλεφαρίδες, σχεδόν απόδισκο. 2 Λέπια οφθαλμών ομοιόχρωμα. Πτερυγιοφόρο κάρυο εμφανώς βλεφαριδωτό, με μακρύ ποδίσκο. Λέπια οφθαλμών Ulmus 1 δίχρωμα, εμφανώς laevis σκοτεινότερα στο πάνω μέρος. Φύλλα με 12-19 ζεύγη νεύρων. Ο μίσχος λίγο-πολύ καλύπτεται από την ωτοειδή βάση της Ulmus 2 μεγαλύτερης πλευράς του glabra ελάσματος.
    [Show full text]
  • Szent István University Faculty of Horticultural Science Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
    SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING CHARACTERIZATION OF PLUM CULTIVARS USING SSR AND S-LOCUS MARKERS DOCTORAL (Ph.D.) DISSERTATION THESES MAKOVICSNÉ ZSOHÁR NOÉMI SUPERVISOR: DR. HALÁSZ JÚLIA BUDAPEST 2019 Ph.D School Name: Doctoral School of Horticultural Science Field: Horticultural Biology Head of the Ph.D school: Prof. Dr. Zámboriné Németh Éva, Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Science Head of Department of Medicinal and Aromatic SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY Faculty of Horticultural Science Supervisor: Dr. Halász Júlia Associate professor Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences The applicant met the requirement of the Ph.D regulations of the Szent István University and the thesis is accepted for the defense process. Dr. Zámboriné Németh Éva Dr. Halász Júlia Head of the Ph.D. school Supervisor 2 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES European plum crops have a significant economic importance in our country and molecular genetics might be useful in solving many problems that arise during commercial production. European plums belong to the genus Prunus of the family Rosaceae and thereby all species show gametophytic self-incompatibility system. Plums may have been the first species among all the fruits to attract human interest. This group contains 20-40 species that are distributed in different parts of the world. European, Asian and American plums can be distinguished by their origin. Domestic (or European) plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars are the most widespread in the world. P. domestica is a hexaploid species (2n=6×=48), therefore several theories of its origin have emerged.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy of the Genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae) in Turkey
    Turk J Bot 24 (2000) 187-202 © T†BÜTAK Research Article Taxonomy of the Genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae) in Turkey Ali A. D…NMEZ, Þinasi YILDIRIMLI Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06532 Beytepe, Ankara-TURKEY Received: 05.02.1999 Accepted: 04.02.2000 Abstract: The taxonomy of the genus Prunus L. in Turkey is studied in detail. According to morphological characters, descriptions of the species have been evaluated and completed. P. kurdica Fenzl ex Fritsch, P. cocomilia Ten. var. puberula (Schneider) Browicz and P. divaricata Ledeb. subsp. ursina (Kotschy) Browicz are reduced to synonyms. A new key for the identification of the species has been prepared. Illustrations and distribution maps of particular species in Turkey were added to other information. Furthermore, data concerning habitat, altitude, flowering and fruiting time, distribution, chromosome numbers and taxonomic discussion for some species are given. Three new synonyms are proposed here. Palynological and anatomical results of many samples are discussed. Key Words: Prunus, Rosaceae, Revision, Flora of Turkey. TŸrkiyeÕde Yetißen Prunus (Rosaceae) Cinsinin Taksonomisi …zet: Bu revizyon •alÝßmasÝnda TŸrkiyeÕde yetißen Prunus cinsinin taksonomisi ayrÝntÝlÝ olarak incelenmißtir. TŸrlerin betimleri morfolojik karakterlere gšre yeniden dŸzenlenerek, gerekli dŸzeltme ve genißletmeler yapÝlmÝßtÝr. P. kurdica Fenzl ex Fritsch, P. cocomilia Ten. var. puberula (Schneider) Browicz ve P. divaricata Ledeb. subsp. ursina (Kotschy) Browicz sinonim edilmißtir. TŸrlerin teßhisi i•in yeniden anahtar yapÝlmÝßtÝr. TŸrlerin •izimleri yapÝlmÝß ve TŸrkiyeÕdeki daÛÝlÝm haritalarÝ hazÝrlanmÝßtÝr. TaksonlarÝn habitat, yŸkseklik, •i•eklenme ve olgun meyveye ulaßma zamanÝ, yeryŸzŸ daÛÝlÝßÝ ve kromozom sayÝlarÝ verilmiß, taksonomik tartÝßmalarÝ yapÝlmÝßtÝr. Bu •alÝßma kapsamÝnda Ÿ• takson sinonim edilmißtir. Bir •ok šrnek i•in yapÝlan anatomik ve palinolojik •alÝßma sonu•larÝ da tartÝßÝlmÝßtÝr.
    [Show full text]