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Draft Report

SURVEY ON VEGETATION OF ALPINE MEADOWS AND PASTURES OF THE PRESPA NATIONAL PARK IN ALBANIA

ASSESSMENT OF CARRYING CAPACITY OF PASTURES

IN THE FARME OF THE PROJECT

“Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Prespa - Support to Prespa National Park in Albania”, funded by KfW Entwicklungsbank

II. Field report

Tirana November, 2012

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Table of contents

1. Introduction ...... 4 2. The Study Area ...... 4 3. Methodology ...... 4 4. The Results ...... 5 4.1. Thefloristic investigation in PNP during years 2011 and 2012 ...... 5

4.2. New important plant species for the flora of the PNP and flora of Albania ...... 5

4.3. New globally endangered and indicator species for the PNP ...... 18

5. Monitoring protocol for assessing of indicator species and habitats ...... 18 5.1. Methodology and Discription ...... 19

6. Monitoring of Cvijici’s Saffron ...... 23 6.2. Description of Crocus cvijicii ...... 24

6.3. Distribution of the species in Albania and Balkans ...... 24

6.4. Monitoring results ...... 25

6.5. Valorization, risks: ...... 28 7. Conclusions ...... 28 Acknowledgements ...... 29 8. Further investigation and monitoring ...... 29 9. Literature ...... 30 10. Annexes ...... 31 Annex I. Plant Inventory List ...... 31

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1. Introduction

The Prespa region, shared between three countries, Albania, Greece and FYR Macedonia is considered to be an integrated ecosystem of global significance and has been identified as one of Europe’s major trans-boundary “ecological bricks”. The Prespa basin is distinguished for its reach flora and fauna and unique habitats that are important from both European and global conservation perspective. The high Biodiversity value of Prespa region was represented by high level of endemic and balkanic species with great importance in the phytogeographical point of view.

2. The Study Area

The focus on plant diversity observation has been all the entire area of the National Prespa Park: Mikro and Makro Prespa watershed as well as the Dry and Ivani Mountain. The time of field trip was different from that of previous one. The itinerary of field trips carried out during May 28 up to May 31 was: 28/05/2012: -Plant observation in the lower parts of Cerja and Rakicka Villages. 29/05/2012: - Investigation of the vegetation and plant species diversity in the Ivani Mt. 30/05/2012: -Investigation plant species diversity and monitoring of Cvijici’s Saffron populations in the Dry Mountain. 31/05/2012: Plant observation in the lower parts of Shengjergji and Liqenas Villages and upper part of the Lapidari in order to monitor populations of Cvijici’s Saffron.-

The expedition of July 2012, (carried out from 13.07.2012 up to 20.07.2012), were focused mainly on assessment of the carrying capacities of the pastures in Prespa National Park.

3. Methodology

The philosophy of plant investigation and monitoring in the alpine pastures and meadows is based on examination of the state biodiversity by using transects. Two types of transects, line and belt transect, are used for the plant diversity assessment in the alpine pastures (Reiss & Chapman, 2000). In the following we will use in general the permanent plots or quadrats on selected habitats of ecosystems for biodiversity monitoring. The quantity value of the monitoring includes the recording of presence/absence of Indicator Species and threatened habitats of European interest. The detailed methodology for the plant species monitoring in the alpine pastures and meadows as much as the values and tendency, collectivity (sociality), degree of permanence (constancy), stratification, life forms and their representation in percentages of species and populations were described in the chapter of species and vegetation monitoring. The details for all recorded elements over time within habitat and the quadrats are presented in the template sheets and the respective tables.

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4. The Results

The complex ecosystem of Limestone Mountains around the Prespa Lakes is characterized by high level of orography, geology and biodiversity richness. This has been emphasized by Albanian and foreigner botanists that have visited the region and also by us in the first report in previous year.

4.1. Thefloristic investigation in PNP during years 2011 and 2012 The vegetation cover in observed areas is a reliable indicator for its specific evolutionary geomorphology, is influenced in a great number of plant communities and plant species. The flora of the Prespa Park encompasses over 1,100 vascular plants included in 437 genus and 100 plant families. On a small surface of the Park 228 km 2, occurs near 33% of total plant species that occurs in Albania. There has been identified nearly 20 endemic and near endemic species, during regular investigation on two years in the Prespa Park. That high level of floristic and vegetation richness places this area among the most diverse areas in Albania and whole Prespa region.

4.2. New important plant species for the flora of the PNP and flora of Albania

There is increased the presence of the local endemic species of the Prespa Park with two more species Laserpitium ochridanum Micev. and Alkanna nonneiformis Griseb. The first species were known so far from the adjacent parts of Dry Mt in Macedonian side, whereas the second one is a globally endangered species of the Prespa Park. The species were included in the Red List of endangered species of IUCN (Walter & Gillet, 1998). It occurs in Prespa watershed of the Macedonia, Greece and recently it was recorded in the eastern slopes of the Dry Mountain.

Centaurea athoa DC. subsp. parnonia (Halacsy) Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz.is another taxon known to grow only in Peloponnesian Peninsula, far from the Cerja Village in Prespa Park, where it is recorded on July of this year. Near endemic species for the flora of Albania.

Viola chelmea Boiss. & Heldr., Iris pumila subsp. attica (Boiss. & Heldr.) K.Richt and Hesperis rechingeri Dvořák are three other species that share their growing habitat between Albania, Greece and FYR Macedonia. Distribution areal of this species is larger than three first species mentioned above, that means they occurence extends and out of the Prespa Region.

During spring and summer field trips in the Prespa Park were recorded and Colchicum doerfleri Halascy, Stachys plumosa Griseb. and Onosma javorkae Simonka, that previous have been recorded in other Balkan countries. The distribution range of this species is enlarged with new records in Albanian territories of the Prespa National Park.

In the following, data about habitat and localities, data from literature and proposed conservation measures for each new species are given.

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Laserpitium ochridanum Micev. Distribution on PNP: Subalpine pastures of NE parts of Dray Mountain and Ivani Mt.

Holotypus: Galičica: Stara Galičica, in saxosis calcareis, 2010 m. (16.07.1968, leg. et det. K. Micevski)(SKO)(Micevski, 1981)

Data of literature. Laserpitium ochridanum has been known so far as local endemic of Galicica Mt (only in Macedonian part) (Micevski, 1981; 2005). The species is included to the Laserpitium siler L. group. It is closest relative of L. siler subsp. zernyi (Hayek, 1933) which is another subendemic species of Albania and Macedonia (Csiki et al ., 1926; Tutin et al ., 1968; Strid, 1986). The plant is easily identifiable due to its pinnatifid leaves with wide leaflets without stalks and smooth margines. The leaves of L. ochridanum are also aromatic. Figure 1. Inflorescence and flowers Survey data: First record of the species for the of Laserpitium ochridanum (L. Shuka, Albanian part of PNP was during the expeditions of 08/07/2011) last year, on 08.07. 2011 . The population was localized within the core zone of the park, near the Macedonian border above the tree line up to the ex-military point. During the spring field trip the species were found before flowering period in the eastern slopes of Pllaja e Pusit (above Pikina Voda) at altitudes 1900 m and during the summer field trip around the peak of Ivani Mt. The plants of Ivani Mt were at fruiting phase at mid-July, mostly without stems because they were eaten by sheeps. The populations of L. ochridanum in Dry and Ivani Mt are small, less then hundred individuals per locations. New species for the flora of Albania and also for the PNP.

Conservation measures: Being an eaten plant by animals, particularly before fruiting, the populations of L. ochridanum are under the risk. The species urgently must be included in the red list of protected species of Albanian Flora under EN D1 category, whereas the prevention of grazing in the peak of Ivani Mt is necessary.

Habitat: Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic Figure 2. Whole plant of vegetation. Laserpitium ochridanum (L. Shuka, 08/07/2011) Sites on Prespa Park: 6

Above Pikina Voda 40°54'35'' N; 020°50'55'' E; 1885 m. .s.l.,

North of ex-military point: 40°55'12'' N; 020°51'23'' E; 1640 m a.s.l.

Ivani Mt : 40°44'05'' N; 020°53'15'' E; 1710 m a.s.l.

Figure 3. Leaves of Laserpitium ochridanum (L. Shuka, 18/07/2012)

Figure 4. The growing habitat of Laserpitium ochridanum in Dry Mt, eastern slopes (L. Shuka,30/05/2012)

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Centaurea athoa DC. subsp. parnonia (Halacsy) Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz. Distribution on PNP: The pastures towards Cerja village

Baisionym: Centaurea parnonia DC. Holotypus: Centaurea athoa subsp. parnonia (Halacsy) Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107: 101 (1985) is described from stony limestone slopes Greece, Mt Parnon, summit area of Megali Tourla

Data of literature . Centaurea athoa subsp. parnonia is a local endemic closely allied to C. athoa subsp. athoa. Judgement on its differences with other subspecies it can be treated as a separate taxon (Strid & Kit Tan, 1991). Regardless of that, in the Flora Europae this taxon (C. athoa subsp. parnonia (Halacsy) Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz) is included to the C. macedonica Boiss. ( C. macedonica subsp. parnonia (Halacsy) Dostal (Tutin et al., 1984). Carefully study of habit, achenes and the pappus of Centaurea athoa subsp. parnonia make it quite different from the C. macedonica (Strid & Kit Tan, 1991). Figure 5. Capitula and flowers of Centaurea athoa subsp. parnonia (L. Survey data: Centaurea athoa subsp. parnonia were Shuka, 15/07/2012) recorded during our summer survey along the road from Zaroshka to Cerja village, just behind the pass, in the open places of the mixture thermophilous oaks, in altitude 1100 m. In the observation time, mid-July, 2012, the populations of Centaurea parnonia were at the end of flowering and beginning of fruiting phase.

New for the Prespa Park and Albanian Flora. New also for the Prespa region, including Greece and Macedonian side.

Conservation measures: The specie is not endangered from human impact or climate changes. The population of C. athoa subsp. parnonia is apparently endangered by grazing, manly from the Cows. The species must be included in the Red List of Albanian Flora under the category EN.

Habitat: In open places dominated from the thermophilous oak scrubs or calcareous pastures with chasmophytic vegetation, near Cerja village (in the Figure 6. Whole plant of road between Zaroshka and Cerja). Centaurea athoa subsp. parnonia (L. Shuka, 15/07/2012) Sites on Prespa Park:

Cerje: 40°45'07'' N; 020°56'70'' E; 1110 m a.s.l

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Alkanna nonneiformis Griseb Distribution on PNP: Subalpine and alpine pastures in the NE slopes of Dray Mountain

Holotypus: Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel. et Bithyn. 2: 90 (1844), - Taffel 2 und 4. Lecotype. “Sparsim in herbosis, Mt Nidge pr. Vodena, 2700-3000”.

Data of literature. The species were described from Mt Piperitsa within Greece territory, closed to the Macedonian border (Strid & Kit Tan, 1991). Up to 1965, the locus classicus of species was believed to be in the Macedonian side of the border, as attributed by Rechinger (1965). So, the species up to this time were considered as Macedonian endemic. Latter on, studies on A. pulmonaria Griseb. and its locus classicus results for the presence of the same locality as A. noneiformis . A. noneiformes is a wide distributed species in Macedonia and South Pindhos and North-Central of Creece. The closely relative of A. noneiformis is A. scardica a species that occurs in North Albania, Macedonia, Kosovo and Montengro. It differs from A. scardica by the glandular indumentum and glabrous throat and corolla and Figure 7. Whole plant Alkanna unreticulate nulets (Rechinger, 1965; Strid & Kit Tan, nonneiformis (L. Shuka, 30/05/2012) 1991; Matevski, 2010). Our record is first report for the presence of this species in the Albanian territory.

Survey data: The specie was recorded during the spring field trip along the eastern slopes of the northern parts of Dry Mt. The range of occurrence begins from the Pllaja e Pusit up to the Macedonian border. It is not endangered from human impact or climate changes. New for the Prespa National Park and Albanian Flora.

Conservation measures: This species is extremely rare and it does not seem to be under any threats, so we think that no conservation measures can be planed at present.

Habitat: Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation. Sites on Prespa Park: Bear Cave : Figure 8. Inflorescence and flowers of 40°54'366'' N; 020°50'519'' E; 1898 m a.s.l. Alkanna nonneiformis (L. Shuka, Pllaja e pusit: 30/05/2012) 40°54'88'' N; 020°51'29'' E; 1849 m a.s.l. North of ex-military point: 40°54'35'' N; 020°51'23'' E; 1600 m a.s.l. 40°55'12'' N; 020°51'11'' E; 1881 m a.s.l.

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Viola chelmea Boiss. & Heldr. Distribution on PNP: Subalpine pastures

Data of literature . According to Strid & Kit Tan, (1991) the species is described from Chelmos. Type: “Mons Chelmos, rare in regione nivali supra fontem Stygis, 7000’ inodora! 29.7.1848”. Viola chelmea occurs in screes and crevices of limestone rocks from 1400-2200 m, flowering May to June. It was considered endemic species of Greece but recently it was reported from Oshljak Mt in Kosovo and Bosnia (Niketic, 2010).

Survey data: This species has never before been recorded in Albania. It was recorded for the first time during the biodiversity observation in the eastern slopes of Dry Mt. The locality was signed within the Figure 9. Whole plant of Viola core zone of the PNP, or few meters on the south of chelmea (L. Shuka, 08/07/2011) the Bear Cave.

The observation of V. chelmea was done during first weak of June 2011, but its identification was difficult, because the plants were at fruiting phase. The second efforts at the end of May 2012, to find it in flowering was fail due to the long coldness of this spring. Study of the dryed specimens of the first year and compared them with the specimens of the Wein herbarium, results with identification of the V . chelmea . This species is not endangered from human impact due to its early flowering period and its occurence within the Core Zone of the Park. New for the Prespa Park and Albanian Flora.

Conservation measures: Figure 10. Leaves of Viola chelmea (L. Shuka, 08/07/2011) The population of V. chelmea is very small, less than 100 individuals, but it is not endangered. The species can be cultivated easily by its seeds from the wild to the Park Building. The cultivation ex-situ of the V. chelmea with other violets of the Park can be a good way to attract the visitors for the park.

Habitat: Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation.

Sites on Prespa Park: Figure 11. Capsule of Viola chelmea On the left side of the Bear Cave: 40°54'37'' N; (L. Shuka, 08/07/2011) 020°50'31'' E; 1909 m a.s.l.,

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Iris pumila subsp. attica (Boiss. & Heldr.) K.Richt Distribution on PNP: Subalpine and Alpine rocky pastures

Data of literature . The species have been considered as endemic of Greece (Strid & Kit Tan, 1991). Recently it was ( Iris attica ) recorded in FYR of Macedonia and during this year it was found in different areas of Prespa National Park. According to Tutin et al. (1980) and Govaerts & Barker (2012) (the database of the world checklist of selected plant families), this taxon were included as subspecies within the species Iris pumila . Native to the area stretching from Greece to FYR of Macedonia, and now in the NPP, Albania.

Survey data: The taxon was recorded for the first time on 15.06.2006 in the rocky places, between the scrubs of northern part of Lake shore, Mikro Prepa. The second locality was recorded during the previous field trip of July 2011, below the peak of Kurrizi of Oçait, on the SE slope. The species was at fruiting time on both first sites (Fig. 14), so the determination of it was done after records on the third locality. During field trip on Ivani Mt, carried out on 29.05.2012, near its peak, the plants of I. pumila subsp. attica were meet at Figure 12. Whole plant of I. pumila flowering phase (Fig. 12 and 13). subsp. attica (L. Shuka, 29/05/2012)

Iris pumila subsp. attica can be distinguished from closed relatives from its very short stems that bear only one flower.

The plants of Prespa Park have also yellow flower, whereas the outer tepals are designed with brown veins sometimes fusing into a brown blotch, pointing out at upper half of the tepals (Fig. 13). This species is not endangered from grazing because the taxon flowers early in spring. In the grazing period, the plants have formed the capsule and produced the seeds.

New for the Prespa Park and Albanian Flora.

Conservation measures:

The species can be transplanted easily, by its rysomes with buds from the wild to the Park building for ex- situ conservation. Figure 13. The flower of I. pumila Ex-situ cultivation of Iris pumila subsp. attica subsp. attica (L. Shuka, 29/05/2012) together with other species of this genus can improve the atractivity of the visitors for the park.

Habitat: Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation.

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Sites on Prespa Park:

Mikro Prespa: 40°41'058'' N; 021°00'041'' E; 850 m a.s.l.

Ivani Mt: 40°43'949'' N; 020°54'033'' E; 1750 m a.s.l.

Buza e Korites: 40°47'356'' N; 020°51'086'' E; 1800 m a.s.l.

Figure 14. The plant of I. pumila subsp. attica at fruiting period (L. Shuka, 15/06/2006)

Figure 15. The habitat of I. pumila subsp. attica and L. ochridanum in Ivani Mt (L. Shuka, 18/07/2012)

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Hesperis rechingeri Dvořák Distribution on PNP: Subalpine pastures and rocky slopes of PNP

Holotypus: The species is described from Mt Vourinos in North-Central Greece by Dvořák in Preslia 38: 59, 1966.

Data of literature . Recently it was recorded in the Macedonian part of the Prespa Park (Matevski et al ., 2010; Strid, 1986).

Survey data: This is the first report for the presence of the species in PNP and also for the Flora of Albania. In the PNP, it occurs in altitude from 1300 m in Dry Mt up to 1700 m in Ivani Mt. The species prefer the open places and rocky pastures of shallow calcareous soil or rocky limestone slopes.

The observation of Hesperis rechingeri in both mountains of the PNP, fulfil the distribution range of the species within the Prespa International Park.

The specie is not endangered from human impact or climate changes.

New for the Prespa National Park and Albanian Flora. Figure 16. Whole plant of H.

rechingeri ( L. Shuka, 29/05/2012) Conservation measures: No conservation measures can be taken at the present. The cultivation of the seeds of species within the Park building can be considered as appropriate measure of its ex-situ protection.

Habitat: Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation and Beech forests.

Sites on Prespa Park:

Ivani Mt: 40°44'12'' N; 020°54'09'' E; 1680 m a.s.l.

Dry Mt: 40°49'83'' N; 020°53'29'' E; 1430 m a.s.l.

Figure 17. Inflorescence of Hesperis rechingeri (L. Shuka, 29/05/2012)

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Colchicum doerfleri Halascy Distribution on PNP: Alpine and rocky pastures of Dray Mountain

Data of literature . It is a species that occurs in dry Figure 18. Whole plant of Colchicum pastures and rocky slopes, on limestone or serpentine doerfleri (L. Shuka, 30/05/2012) substrates of central part of the Balkan Peninsula, Macedonia, SW Bulgaria and N Greece (Strid & Kit Tan, 1991).

Survey data: The two known localities of Colchicum doerfleri recorded during the spring and summer field trip occurs in Dry Mt. The first record was signed near the Pllaja e Pusit peak, above 2100 m, at the end of May 2012. The second occurrence of this species was recorded in the peak of Kurrizi i Oçait, located more in the south of the first occurence.

Colchicum doerfleri is a spring flowering species that have not been reported to grow in the neighbors areas of the Greece and Macedonian side of the Prepa Park.

This species is not endangered from human impact due to its early flowering period.

New for the Prespa Park and Albanian Flora.

Conservation measures: Figure 19. Dry plant of Colchicum The species can be transplanted easily by its bulbs doerfleri (L. Shuka, 17/07/2012) from the wild to the Park Building. The cultivation ex-situ of the Colchicum doerfleri or H. rechingeri can improve the atractivity of the visitors for the park.

Habitat: Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation.

Sites on Prespa Park:

Kurrizi i Oçait: 40°49'12'' N; 020°52'02'' E; 1976 m.a.s.l.,

Pllaja e Pusit: 40°52'38'' N; 020°50'56'' E; 2108 m.a.s.l.,

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Figure 20. Bulbs of Colchicum doerfleri (L. Shuka, 17/07/2012)

Figure 21. The growing habitat of Colchicum doerfleri in Pllaja e Pusit (L. Shuka, 19/07/2012)

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Onosma javorkae Simonka Distribution on PNP: Sub alpine pastures and rocky ground of limestone substrates

Syn: O. aucherianum DC. subsp . javorkae (Simk.) Hayek in Prodromus Fl. Penins. Balc. 2: 89 (1928); O. echioides aouct. Pl. Fl. Maced. Non L. (Matevski, 2010).

Data of literature . Onosma javorkae Simonka, in Magyar Bot. Lapok, 5:385 (1906). It is a Mediterranean species, distributed in the xerophytic habitats, beginning from Kroacia to Macedonia (Matevski, 2010). The closet relative of the species is O. echioides .

Survey data: This new species for the Flora of Albania and the PNP was observed firstly during the field trip of the last year in the Kallamas peninsula. It was confirmed again during the summer observation of this year, above the ex-military point in the Pikina Voda slopes.

Figure 22. Flower of Onosma javorkae (L. New for the Albanian Flora and PNP Shuka, 02/07/2011)

Conservation measures:

The populations of the Onosma javorkae are not endangered in their habitat from human impact or overgrazing, so no specific measures needs for its protection.

Habitat: The species is located in the open limestone areas covered by Greek Juniper and in the subalpine pastures, in the eastern slopes of the Dry Mt.

Sites on Prespa Park:

Kallamas penninsula: 40°54'10'' N; 020°57'11'' E; 935 m.a.s.l., 13.7.2011

Pikina Voda 40°54'07'' N; 020°51'03'' E; 1520 m.a.s.l., 13.7.2011

Figure 23. Whole plant of of Onosma javorkae (L. Shuka, 02/07/2011)

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Stachys plumosa Griseb. Distribution on PNP: Sub alpine pastures and meadows of PNP

Syn: Stachys viridis , Boiss. & Heldr. In Boiss., Diagn. Ser. 2,4:39 (1859). S. plumose subsp. freynii (Hausskn.) Hayek. Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balkan. 2: 290 (1929).

Data of literature . Published in Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2 139 (1859). “In Macedonia boreali, inter Komanova et Strazin” . S. plumosa was not reported to occur in the Albanian territory, even though to grow in the Greek and Macedonian areas of the Prespa Park. It is a Balkan species with a wide distribution area in the North Greece, West Bulgaria and Macedonia (Tutin et al., 1972; Strid & Kit Tan, 1991).

Survey data: S. plumosa were observed for the first time around the water spring in serpentine substrates at the entrance of the village Zagradec one year before. Figure 24. Flower of Stachys plumosa This year it was recorded also in the Ivani Mt (L. Shuka, 28/05/2012) during the field trip at the end of May. In this period the plants were at flowering time. The populations of S. plumose were observed at altitudes 850- 900 m a.s.l in watershed of Miro Prespa lake and from 1100 m up to 1350 m in limestone rocky slopes of Ivani Mt.

New for the Albanian Flora and PNP

Conservation measures:

The populations of the S. plumose is not endangered in their habitat from the Human impact or overgrazing, so no specific measures needs for its protection.

Habitat: Serpentine habitats, near to the village Zagradec and calcareous rocky slopes of Ivani Mt.

Sites on Prespa Park:

Ivani Mt: 40°44'02'' N; 020°53'15'' E; 1233 m.a.s.l., 6.7.2011

Zagradec: Figure 25. Whole plant of Stachys 40°51'42'' N; 020°57'65'' E; 860 m.a.s.l., 13.7.2011 plumosa (L. Shuka, 28/05/2012)

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4.3. New globally endangered and indicator species for the PNP During the field observation on 2011, nine globally endangered species and two European threatened species were recorded in the Prespa National Park.

Alkanna nonneiformis Griseb. and Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh., are two new globally endangered species observed in the eastern slopes of the Dry Mt, respectively during the spring and summer field trips. Both species have R protection status from the Red List of endangered species of IUCN (Walter & Gillet, 1998). The list of globally and European endangered species with their protection status recorded during two years, are given in the Table 1.

Table 1. Global and Regional threatened plant species of PNP

Name of species IUCN Bern Hab. Dir. Status Conv. II (b); IV (b) 1 Acer heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss. R 2 Astragalus baldaccii Degen R 3 Centaurea prespana Rech. fil R 4 Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & + DC.) Brid 5 Centaurea soskae Hayek ex Kosanin R 6 Cynoglottis barrelieri (All.)Vur.& Tan R ssp. serpentinicola 7 Erodium guicciardii Heldr. ex Boiss. R 8 Fritillaria graeca Boiss. + 9 Oxytropis purpurea (Baldacci) Markgraf R 10 Solenanthus scardicus Bornm. R 11 Viola eximia Form R 12 Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. R 13 Alkanna noneiformes Griseb. R

5. Monitoring protocol for assessing of indicator species and habitats

Monitoring of the state of biodiversity within ecosystems means the regular monitoring and data processing of the main and sensitive key species which are growing on it. The key or sensitive species include so called ‘indicator species’ which have a very wide range of meanings and the general concept has been used with widely varying success. The use of indicator species must be entirely empirical and pragmatic – that means, they should represents important data for the habitat or plant communities as much as the tendency and future of the ecosystems. The indicator species can include the threatened and endangered species of globally, European or National concern, part of IUCN Red List, species of Bern Convention and Habitat directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC and Resolution No. 4).

The first step of monitoring is identification of indicator species that may occurs in ecosystem or habitats where monitoring is planned. The collection of existing data for the knower sites can provide enough information for the preliminary identification and field observation, too. A good source for the determination of the threatened and endangered species in the monitoring sites is the National Red List of Flora and Fauna, published each 5-years from the MoEFWA. The monitoring target as indicator species are also all the endemic and near endemic species of the sites, which are not part of the lists mentioned above.

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5.1. Methodology and Discription

In general monitoring protocols include data on floristic composition, the plant communities and habitat types of ecosystems or sites that have one ore more habitat types. The philosophy of plant monitoring is based on examination of the state biodiversity by using transects. “Transect” means “cut across”. The transects are two types: Line transect which is a long piece (or linear plot) of ground with parameters 1 wide x 10 m long that is placed along transect regularly or randomly and a belt transect that is a series of quadrats (square plots) that are placed along transect regularly or randomly and the plant species in each quadrat or linear plot identified and their abundance recorded (fig. 26. A and B) (Reiss & Chapman, 2000).

In the following we will use in general the permanent plots or quadrats on selected habitats or ecosystems for biodiversity monitoring. The quantity value of the monitoring includes the recording of presence/absence of Indicator Species and threatened habitats of European interest. However, it is not sufficient just to identify the species with global and European interest or rare, endangered and threatened species listed in the country red list, but it is also required the values and tendency, collectivity (sociality), degree of permanence (constancy), stratification, life forms and their representation in percentages of species and populations for monitoring. Nevertheless, to produce a real image that will reflect the constancy of and connections among the species inside the monitoring plots or plant community, it will be necessary to make comparisons with other stands within the same community, or with other related communities, where we use the so-called synthetic estimates. Combination of both types of transects, permanent plots and line transect during monitoring, can improve the quality of the process (fig. 27).

The size and the number of linear plots along the line transect vary according to the habitat types, changes on vegetation or plant communities along it. In species-poor or uniform habitats a small number of plots will be sufficient. In case of multiple plots they are placed in each linear transect according to the appropriate rules (Bunce et al ., 2011). The size of linear plots in a line transect is 1 x 10 m as shown in figure 1, whereas the number of plots can be taken in each 50 or 100 m altitude, depending of the changes on vegetation and habitat types. However, quadrats or plots cannot overlap each-other in one transect.

The sizes of vegetation quadrat for grasslands are quadrates with surface 5 m x 5 m (fig. 1-A). Larger quadrats are needed for scrublands and woodlands, for example 10 x 10 m (fig. 1-B). The details for all recorded elements over time within habitat and the plot should be registered in the recording sheets. The sheets contain also other details, for example, the litter and species composition.

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Figure 26. Quadrat (A) and linear plot (B) that is placed along transect regularly or randomly for floristic and vegetation monitoring

The most important properties and how they can be estimated in a line transect or quadrats, are explained below. Localization of the permanent plots or quadrats allowed us to measure the abundance of plant species. The simplest measure for this purpose is species frequency . The species frequency equals the percentage of plots in which one species were recorded. If a species, for example Viola eximia , is recorded in six plots from ten plots of the transect, his frequency is 60 %. Another important data that can contribute in the evaluation of the dynamics of species population is the density of individuals . The species density is the average number of individuals of this species per unit area. For example, if the number of plants of Viola chelmea in ten plots of transect is 270, his density is given by:

270 : (10 plots x 5 m x 5 m) = 1. 08 m

…or 1 species per square metre

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Figure 27. The monitoring of floristic and Vegetation composition using transect method in core zone of the PNP

The number of individuals otherwise can be recorded by using o the Braun-Blanquet scale, which has 5 values, represented in Arabic numerals 1-5 (tab. 2).

Measuring of species density and abundance of the herbaceous plants is often difficult to estimate because one species can be in different vegetation or flowering phase in the time of recording. In this case better is to determine the percentage cover , which means the percentage of each plot covered by each species. The coverage of a species can be best calculated by means of a vertical projection of the plants over ground parts, upon the ground area. The more appropriate manner for assessing the percentage cover of vegetation is the Braun-Blanquet scale (table 3), which determine coverage as follows: 1 the species covers 1-5%; 2 the species covers 6-25%; 3 the species covers 26-50%; 4 the species covers 51-75 %; 5 the species covers 76-100%.

Table 2. Estimation of number of individuals using of Braun-Blanquet scale

Value Species occurrence 1 the species is very rare 2 the species is rare 3 the species is not frequent 4 the species is frequent 5 massive occurrence of the species

The coverage of species in some plant communities undergoes significant changes in the course of a year. Thus, for example, in beech and oak forests, a large number of spring plants will grow in spring to cover the forest soil, while later, with the forest bloom, they will retreat and wait until the next spring to develop, bloom and yield fruit before the forest blooms. With successions, coverage and dominance are monitored for a year, which certainly belongs to the domain of plant ecology, as such successions lead to a conclusion that with melioration measures or any other kind of anthropogenic activity, and one will exactly know what community will develop in the place of a previous community.

Table 3. Estimation of percentage covers by using of Braun-Blanquet scale

Cover (%) Braun-Blanquet scale < 1 + 1-5 1 6-25 2 26-50 3 51-75 4 76-100 5

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Dominance – these differ among individual species. One species of a plant community may be represented in a great number of units, which may be densely distributed, but still they may not cover a large area (e.g. species of the genus Euphrasia, Galanthus, Anthoxanthum odoratum ). With other plants the situation may be opposite. They may occur in small numbers of individuals, but cover large areas ( Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Juniperus nana, Dryas octopetala, etc.). A combined estimate of the number of individuals and their coverage is used for vegetation research. The establishment of the value of the number of units in a quadrat, their density and coverage, for each particular taxon, is an arduous, long-lasting methodological procedure, which is why Braun-Blanquet introduces the so-called combined estimate (see table 4).

The other important ecological measurements that can be recorded in the field is presence and permanence (constancy) – that allows us to assessing for establishing the presence of each individual species within the community. For every community, all the species that occur in them regularly are important, but not all of them are equally important. Quite often, a species will be present in all plots of a community, but it will still be an unimportant member of secondary relevance in that community.

Table 4. Estimation of degree of presence in quadrat

Degree of presence Percentage of species occurrence in areas surveyed I 0-20% II 20-40% III 40-60% IV 60-80% V 80-100%

A species will only have notable importance in a community, if along with its high degree of constancy; it is linked to the community as an important factor of its development. In order to establish the degree of presence of a species, a comparison should be made among a significant number of properly developed stands of a community, taking into account that some fragments of a particular community should not be compared. Furthermore, the plots should be pure, i.e. no alien elements should be present. Braun-Blanquet gives the following table regarding the degree of presence. To establish the degree of presence, conducting 10 surveys of well developed plots will be sufficient, but certainly, the higher number of surveys gives better results. Collectivity (sociality) – the term collectivity is used for the phenomenon among plants to occur either as solitary units, or form groups (clusters, tussocks), pads, or form large groups. Many plants will retain their original appearance in all circumstances, whereas a considerable number, depending on the living conditions, change significantly their mode of growing. Therefore, it is important to determine the collectivity (sociality) of each individual species. Thus, for example, the high-mountain thicket Bruckenthalia spiculifolia develops in small pads, but it will frequently form large groups which, in the course of the blooming phase, even define the physiognomy of vast areas. The same goes for the whortleberry Vaccinium myrtilus, which exhibits significant variability in terms of its level of sociality.

In relation to vegetation analysis, along with coverage, Braun- Blanquet also gives 22

sociality values, as follows: 1 is an indication of a plant occurring as solitary individual units, 2 stands for plants growing in small tussocks, 3 for plants in small pads, 4 small groups, and 5 represents plants in large groups. The ecological parameters, described above, can be estimate pending on the objectives of the monitoring of single species or vegetation units; this means that in case of single species using of all parameters is not necessary. The monitoring of single species can include some other quantitative data like population size, area of occupancy, extent of occurrence or number of locations, etc., all of which are used to determine the threatened status of indicator species. This data provide also a rationale to justify the assessment for the evaluation status of species of the Red List. In the following are explanations the quantitative properties which are obligated to assess for the indicator species based on the criteria of IUCN (2001).

Population and Population Size The term ‘population’ in case of species monitoring have a specific sense that is different to its common biological usage. In this case the Population is defined as only the total number of mature individuals of the taxon. The number of mature individuals is the number of individuals known, estimated or inferred to be capable of reproduction.

Extent of occurrence (EOO) Extent of occurrence is defined as the area contained within the shortest continuous imaginary boundary which can be drawn to encompass all the known, inferred or projected sites of present occurrence of a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy. This measure may exclude discontinuities or disjunctions within the overall distributions of taxa (e.g. large areas of obviously unsuitable habitat). Extent of occurrence can often be measured by a minimum convex polygon (the smallest polygon in which no internal angle exceeds 180 degrees and which contains all the sites of occurrence).

Area of occupancy (AOO) Area of occupancy is defined as the area within its ‘extent of occurrence’ (see above) which is occupied by a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy. The measure reflects the fact that a taxon will not usually occur throughout the area of its extent of occurrence, which may contain unsuitable or unoccupied habitats. In some cases the area of occupancy is the smallest area essential at any stage to the survival of existing populations of a taxon.

AOO can be measured with the surface of quadrts with a surface 2 km x 2 km = 4 km 2 in which the species is present. The total surface of the quadrats in wich the species occurs makes the AOO for a given species.

Location

The term ‘location’ defines a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threatening event can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present. The size of the location depends on the area covered by the threatening event and may include part of one or many subpopulations. Where a taxon is affected by more than one threatening event, location should be defined by considering the most serious plausible threat (IUCN, 2001).

6. Monitoring of Cvijici’s Saffron

6.1. Cvijici’s Saffron in Albania

Distribution, population size and area of occupation of the Crocus cvijicii in Albania, have been

23

studied from biogeographical and taxonomical point of view. This report is carried out by the author based on the field floristic investigation during last seven years and study of existing literature and dried specimens which are deposited in National Herbarium of Tirana.

The name of species is recorded in accordance to the World Checklist of genus Crocus (Govaerts & Barker, 2012). Most of localities mentioned in this report are recorded on the base of field observation of the author.

Genus: Crocus Subgenus: Crocus Mathew 1982 Section Nudiscapus Series Reticulati

Holotypus : Western Macedonia, alpine region of Mount Galicica, on limestone.

Crocus cvijicii Kosanin, Glas. Srpske. Kral. Akad. 119:23 (1926). This species is very common in alpine meadows of mountains in South East of Albania, near patches of snow, in altitude 1750- 2500 m. in limestone, serpentine or schistose substrates. Color of flowers of C. cvijicii is variable, from yellowish to deep orange (Fig. 29, A-E). Several individuals from populations of Ostrovica Mt and Gramozi Mt, have developed another lateral ellipsoid tuber. In some populations of Mt Ostrovica and Mt Mali i Thatë, the individuals with white flower are found (Shuka, 2009) . The new white forms are nominated as C. cvijicii f. tartarii (see Fig. 29, A and B). Holotipus: Ostrovica Mt. Perigoni segmenta alba. Stigmata et antheras luteae (In honor of the collector of National Herbarium, Vangjel Tartari) . The closest relative of C. cvijicii in floral morphology is Crocus chrysanthus from which it differ by the papery corm tunics of it. C. cvijicii is a local glacial endemic, growing between three countries: Macedonia, Greece and Albania.

6.2. Description of Crocus cvijicii

Corm with fine fibrous-reticulate tunics. Leaves 2-4, 1.5-3 mm wide present at anthesis (in flowering), green with a whitish median stripe on upper surface. Bract and bracteole present, well- exerted from cataphylls and more or less equaling the perianth tube. Flowers vernal, yellow; throat of perianth yellow, pubescent; segments (1.5-) 2-4 x 0.5-0.9 cm, oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute. Prophyll absent. Anthers 0.7-1.2 cm, orange-yellow. Style shortly divided into three deep yellow or orange branches, each expanded and fimbriate at apex. Capsule 1-1.5 cm, ellipsoid; seeds subglobose, with a distinct strophiole, reddish-brown.

6.3. Distribution of the species in Albania and Balkans

Greece: Mountain meadows, flowering near melting snow, usually above 1780 m, North Pindos (Gramos), East Central: Ossa; North Central: Varnous, Vermion, Voras (Strid & Kit Tan, 1991).

Republic of Macedonia: Mountains of Macedonia (Galicica and Jabllanica), Mathew, 1980; Randjelovic et al., 2007; Randjelovic et al., 2012).

Albania: SA -Valamara (leg. Demiri & Qosja, 1960); Mt Gramoz (leg. Qosja & Tartari, 1967); Mt Ostrovica (leg. Shuka, 2004; 2006; 2009) Mt Lenia in Valamara Mountain range (leg. Shuka, 2007); Mt Gramozi (leg. Shuka, 2007, 2008 & 2009); Mt Mali i Thatë (leg. Shuka, 2006, 2007 & 2008; 2012). A collection from Kameniku Mountain, near Leskovik (leg. Tartari, 1988) needs further investigation (Shuka 2009; Govaerts & Barker, 2012). Flowering time: May to beginning of June. 24

The distribution of C. cvijicii for the Balkans was assessed in the base of UTM quadrate, as it was used in the Atlas of Flora Europaea is: UTM 34 TDL4; UTM 34 TDL3; UTM 34 TDL2; UTM 34 TDK3; UTM 34 TEL2; UTM 34 TEK1 and UTM 34.

Figure 28. Density of species of C. cvijicii in transect, number two (T2), quadrat 3.

6.4. Monitoring results

The best way to estimate the number of individuals and the Area of Occupation (AOO) is the Braun-Blanquet method (see above). For this purpose, three transects with different altitudinal length, from 300 to 500 m and different surface that varied depending on the configuration and size of the transect area, were established (see tab.5).

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Figure 29. Variation of flower color of C. cvijicii in habitats of Dray Mt (A-E) and the corm with fine fibrous-reticulate tunics (F).

The monitoring of population of the Cvijici’s Saffron were assessed in three transects build in Southeastern slopes (above Djellas Village, 3-quadrats), Western slopes of Pllaja e Pusit (5- quadrats) and Eastern slopes of Pllaja e Pusit in Dry Mountain (3-quadrats) (Figure 28). The monitoring was carried out during the spring vegetation, in the day of 30 th and 31 th of the May, 2012. The results of species monitoring is summarized in the table 5.

The surface of transects (AOO), presented in the table 5, were estimated using the topographic maps of the year 1983. During the monitoring in four quadrats, respectively one in transect 1 (T1), two in T2 and one in T3, the Cvijici’s Saffron were not observed. The populations of Cvijici’s suffron are distributed above the upper tree line, in subalpine and alpine pastures of the Dry Mt. 26

Table 5. Number of individuals of C. cvijicii in the transects of Dray Mountain

Tran- Quadrate Altitude Number of Number of Surface of Individuals sect coordinates individuals individuals/m 2 transect. m 2 per AOO (AOO) T1 40°49'432'' N 1784 m 18 20°52'481'' E 40°49'414'' N 1965 m 36 0.72 90000 64 800 20°52'268'' E T2 40°51'843'' N 2014 m 44 20°50'753'' E 40°52'194'' N 2109 m 52 20°50'554'' E 40°54'404'' N 2209 m 37 1.064 350000 372400 20°59'427'' E T3 40°53'219'' N 2138 m 32 20°50'225'' E 40°53'593'' N 1920 m 15 0.63 30000 18900 20°50'372'' E Total 234 378 350

Judgement on the Braun-Blanquet scale the species of Cvijici’s Saffron in the Dry Mt is frequent and it can be estimated with value 4. Based on the IUCN criteria and the results that are presented in the table 4, the species should classify as LC (Least Concern ). In the figure 30, were indicate that the increasing of the number of Cvijici’s Suffron in close relationship with the altitudinal distribution.

Figure 30. Altitudinal distribution of C. cvijicii in Dry Mt.

Number of individuals

60 52 50 44 36 37 40 32 30 18 15 20

10

0

1784 m 1920 m 1965 m 2014 m 2109 m 2138 m 2209 m Altitude in m above sea level

The high numbers of Suffron specimens occurs between 1950 and 2100 m, or in alpine pastures. The snow bed in this part of mountain, based in our observation, is more stabile, whereas the snow bed extends from the end of April up to mid-May, compared with low altitudes or the mountain ridge where the melting of snow began early in spring. 27

The decrease of the individual density of Cvijicii’s Suffron in the lower altitudes is caused from the loss of snow bed, which is decreasing year by year in last decades. So, the shifting up of the C, cvijicii population and reduce of its area of occupation and area of occurrence is the main risk of its future.

6.5. Valorization, risks:

• Albanian Red List DD • CORINE (MK) The Crocus cvijicii Košanin is a South Balkans endemic and it is included on the national CORINE list of the Republic of Macedonia and the Red List of protected species of Albania with DD (Data Deficient) status (MoEFWA, 2007). No any protected status is currently applied for the populations that are growing in the Greece territory. The karyograme of C. cvijicii for the Macedonian side (NPG, 2010) is shown below, in the Figure 31.

7. Conclusions

The flora of Prespa National Park, Albania side is very reach in plant species. During two years more than 1100 species are recorded. The species which occurs in Prespa Park makes about 33 % of the total number of species that occurs in Albania. The achieved results show that the floristic richness of the Prespa ecosystem must be greater that it is recorded till now.

Endemic element that is very important for the future of Prespa ecosystem, it comes up as the level of Balkan subendemizms: L. ochridanum E. horvatii, A. noneiformis, C. athoa subsp. parnonia, S. galicicae, V. eximia, A. mayeri , C. soskae, C. prespana, C. galicicae, M. kosaninii, C. cvijici or C. barrelieri serpentinicola .

Most of the species of the Prespa ecosystem belongs to the SE and Central European floral elements. This species are localised in the upper parts of the Prespa Mountains, particularly in the Dry Mt. The Mediterranean elements represent the second group of species that play an important role on the vegetation futures of the Prespa ecosystem. The Mediterranean species are localised mostly in the lower parts of the Prespa watershed and in the western slopes of the Dry Mt. Sage (Salvia officinalis ) and Pistacia terebinthus are two best indicators which tell us for the strong influence of Mediterranean climate through Devolli river valley on the western slopes of the Dry Mt.

The high number of endangered and critically endangered plant species, which are reduced and reduced rapidly such as S. roeseri, C. heldreichii, Orchidaceae spp, T. natans, U. vulgaris or Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea are indicator of high pressure of various reasons etc. The first reason of this phenomenon is human intervention, which certainly has been many times and unstudied and unchecked, which has led to negative consequences.

The monitoring of Crocus cvijicii based on the Braun-Blanquet methods and rules of IUCN shows the frequent presence of species in the Dry Mt, within value 4. Based on the IUCN criteria and the results that are presented in the table 4, the species should classify as LC (Least Concern ).

The second reason of the decreasing in number of indicator species of the Park, is the loss of the 28

snow bed year by year, particularly in the upper part of the ecosystem due to global worming.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was made possible thanks to the generous assistance provided by the coordinator Thimaq Lako and the officers of the Prespa Park in particular Vasil Male. We are grateful also to Wolfgang Fremuth, Project supervisor for his continuous effort; interest and understanding for which we would like to express our special thanks. We also would like to thank GTZ and MoEFWA for their financial supports of our activities.

8. Further investigation and monitoring

The direction of Time of activities The actyvities field trip Thorough research and localization of early Year 2012 a flowering plants Investigation in subalpine Third week of May Investigation of early flowering plants in 1 areas of Dry and Ivani Mt subalpine zone (Viola genus) (3-day) Investigation of plants in Second week of April Investigation of plants in the lower parts of 2 Maligrad and in the rocky Prespa Park cliffs of the lake (2-day) Investigation of Manastiry Second or third week of June The plant species on open places of the 3 and Cerja pastures (2- scrublands day) Investigation and Second or third week of June Investigation and monitoring of Viola eximia in localization of V. eximia in 4 alpine pastures of Dry and Ivani Mts. alpine pastures of Dry and Ivani Mts. (3-day) Thorough research and localization of new b plant species Investigation of End of June and beginning of Investigation and monitoring of Helichrisum 1 Helichrisum species in the July species lake shore (2-day) Investigation of Silene End of June and beginning of 2 Investigation and monitoring of Silene species species in the rocky cliffs July of the Lakes. (2-day) Investigation of Thlaspi End of June Investigation and monitoring of Thlaspi bellidifolia 3 bellidifolia at the peak of species Pllaja e pusit (1-day) Investigation of End of June Investigation and monitoring of Edraianthus Edraianthus pubescens 4 pubescens as a new endemic species (Reported in the Shengjergji rocky recently by F.K. Meyer. clifs (1-day) Thorough research/monitoring and c localization of summer flowering plants Investigation and monitoring of sampling plots on Investigation of alpine Second week of July 1 alpine pastures of the Dry Mt. areas of Dry Mt and Ivani 29

Mt (3-day)

Investigation of areas in Third week of July Investigation and monitoring of Osoja part of the Osoja and subalpine 2 Lake shore and subalpine pastures areas abave Liqenas Village (3-day) Thorough research/monitoring and d localization of autumn flowering plants Investigation of autumn Investigation and monitoring of sampling plots on 1 plants in both sides of Dry alpine pastures of Dry Mt Mt ridge (2-days) Investigation of autumn Investigation and monitoring of meadows on 2 plants on Cerja-Rakicka lowlands. meadows (1-days)

e Preparation of plant materials collected in field works and and delivery of the Report Dryed and herbarisation of rare and endangered Office work (4-days) After the field trip, 2012 1 plants Preparation and delivered or second draft of Office work (6-days) November, 2012 2 report

9. Literature

Csiki, E., Javorka, S. and Kummerle, G. (1926): Adittamenta ad Floram Albaniae. Budapest. 348 p. Govaerts, R. & Barker, C. (2012): World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . Monocotyledones, Kew. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do Hayek, A. (1933): Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae. Dahlem bei Berlin.107-114. IUCN (2001): IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1, Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland. 35 p. NPG. (2010): National Park Galicica. Monitoring Program. Manual. 143 p. Matevski, V. (2010): The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. II, Book 1. 187 p. Matevski, V., Kostandinovski, M., Kushterevska, R. And Avramovski, O. (2010): Прелиминарен пппис на васкуларни растенија вп Наципнален парк Галичица. 105 p. Mathew, B. (1980): The crocus in flora Europea . In Tutin T. G, Heyood V. H., Burges N. A., MooreD. M., Valentine D. H., Walters S. M., and Webbb D. A. (Ed.), Cambridge. V, 92-99. Micevski, K (1981): Ann. Fak. Biol. Univ. Skopje, 34, p. 26-27 Micevski, K. (2005): The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. 1, Book 6. p. 1647-1650 MoEFWA (2007): URDHËR. Nr.146, dt. 8.5.2007 Për miratimin e Listës së Kuqe të Florës dhe Faunës. Tirane. (in Albanian).11 pp. Niketić, M. (2010): Novi taksoni za floru cvetnica Srbije i susednih područja. Book of abstracts: 10th symposium on the flora of southeastern Serbia and neighbouring regions. Vlasina Lake, 17-20 June, p. 33. Rechinger, K.H. (1965): Zur kenntnis der europaischen Arten der Gattung Alkanna. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 68: 191-220. Randjelović, N., Sekovski, Ź., Dimoska, G. (2007): The systematic, horogical and genetic research of the genus Crocus L. in Macedonia, MANU, Skopje. 97-130. 30

Randjelović, N., Randjelović, V. and Hristovski, H. (2012): Crocus jablanicenisi (Iridaceae), a new species from the Republic of Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula. Ann. Bot. fennici 49: 99-102. Shuka, L. (2009): Biogeographical records of species of the genus Crocus L., in Albania. – Book of abstracts, 5th Balkan Botanical Congress, pp. 52–53. Tutin et al., (1968): Flora Europaea, Volume II, Cambridge at the University Press, 455 p. Tutin et al., (1972): Flora Europaea, Volume III, Cambridge at the University Press, 370 p. Tutin et al., (1976): Flora Europaea, Volume IV, Cambridge at the University Press, 505 p. Tutin et al., (1980): Flora Europaea, Volume V, Cambridge at the University Press, 452 p. Strid, A. (1986): Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume I. Edinburgh University press, 819 p. Strid, A & Kit Tan (1991): Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume II. Edinburgh University press, 975 p. Walter, S., Gillet H. J. (1998): Red List of Globally Threatened Species. IUCN. Cambridge. 861 pages, English

10. Annexes

Annex I. Plant Inventory List

Name of Taxon Family 1 Acantholimon androsaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. Plumbaginaceae 2 Acanthus balcanicus Haywood et L.B.K. Richardson Acanthaceae 3 Acanthus spinosus L. Acanthaceae 4 Acer campestre L. Aceraceae 5 Acer heldreichii Orph. Aceraceae Acer monspessalanum L. subsp. athoum (Bornm. & Sint.) 6 Lippold ex F.K.Meyer Aceraceae 7 Acer obtusatum Willd. Aceraceae 8 Acer platanoides L. Aceraceae 9 Acer pseudoplatanus L. Aceraceae 10 Achillea abrotanoides Vis. Compositae 11 Achillea coarctata Poir. Compositae 12 Achillea frasii Sch. Bip. Compositae 13 Achillea holosericea S.S. Compositae 14 Achillea millefolium L. Compositae 15 Achillea nobilis L. Compositae 16 Achillea pannonica Scheele Compositae 17 Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench Labiatae 18 Acinus arvensis (Lam.) Dandy Labiatae 19 Actaea spicata L. Ranunculaceae 20 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Adianthaceae 31

21 Adonis flammea Jacq. Ranunculaceae 22 Adoxa moschatellina L. Adoxaceae 23 Aegilops ovata L. Graminaceae 24 Aegilops triunciale (L.) gr. Godr. Graminaceae 25 Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br. Cruciferae 26 Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br. subsp. saxatile Cruciferae 27 Agrimonia eupatoria L. Rosaceae 28 Agropyron repens P.B. Graminaceae 29 Agropyrum intermedium (Host) P.B. Graminaceae 30 Agrostemma githago L Caryophyllaceae 31 Agrostis capillaris L. Gramniaceae 32 Agrostis stolonifera L. Graminaceae 33 Aira capillaris Host. Graminaceae 34 Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber Labiatae 35 Ajuga genevensis L. Labiatae 36 Ajuga orientalis L. Labiatae 37 Ajuga pyramidalis L. Labiatae 38 Ajuga reptans L. Labiatae 39 Alcea rosea L. Malvaceae 40 Alisma gramineum L. Alismataceae 41 Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Alismataceae 42 Alkanna nonneiformis Griseb Boraginaceae 43 Alkanna pindicola Hausskn. Boraginaceae 44 Alliaria petiolata (MB.) Cavara & Grande Cruciferae 45 Allium carinatum L. Liliaceae 46 Allium flavum L. Liliaceae 47 Allium sphaerocephalum L. Liliaceae 48 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner Betulaceae 49 Alopecurus gerardii Vill. Graminaceae 50 Althaea officinalis L. Malvaceae 51 Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Moench Cruciferae 52 Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. Cruciferae 53 Alyssum markgrafii O. E. Schultz. Cruciferae 54 Alyssum montanum L. Cruciferae 55 Alyssum petraeum Ard. Cruciferae 56 Alyssum repens Baumg. Cruiferae Alyssum repens Baumg. subsp. trichostachyum (Rupr.) 57 Hayek Cruciferae 58 Anacamptis piramidalis (L.) Rich. Orchidaceae 59 Amaranthus deflexus L. Amaranthaceae 60 Amelanchier ovalis Medik. Rosaceae 61 Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae 62 Anchusa arvensis (L.) MB. Boraginaceae 63 Anchusa cretica Miller Boraginaceae 64 Anchusa italica Retz. Boraginaceae 65 Anchusa officinalis L. Boraginaceae

32

66 Anchusa variegata (L.) Lehm. Boraginaceae 67 Anemone apennina L. Ranunculaceae 68 Anemone hortensis L. Ranunculaceae 69 Anemone nemorosa L. Ranunculaceae 70 Angelica sylvestris L. Umbelliferae 71 Antenaria dioica (L.) Gaertn. Compositae 72 Anthemis arvensis L. Compositae 73 Anthemis cotula L. Compositae 74 Anthemis cretica L. Compositae 75 Anthemis tinctoria L. Compositae 76 Anthemis triumfetti (L.) DC Compositae 77 Anthericium liliago L. Liliaceae 78 Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Graminaceae 79 Anthyllis aurea Welden Leguminosae 80 Anthyllis vulneraria L. Leguminosae 81 Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. bulgarica (Sagorski) Cullen Leguminosae 82 Arabis alpina L. Leguminosae 83 Arabis bryoides Boiss. Cruciferae 84 Arabis caucasica Willd. subsp. caucasica Cruciferae 85 Arabis collina Ten. Cruciferae 86 Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Cruciferae 87 Arabis sagittata (Bertoll) DC Cruciferae 88 Arabis turrita L. Cruciferae 89 Arabis verna (L.) R. Br. Cruciferae 90 Arctium lappa L. Compositae 91 Arctium nemorosum Lej. Compositae 92 Arenaria leptoclados (Reichenb.) Guss. Caryophyllaceae 93 Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Caryophyllaceae 94 Armeria canescens (Host) Boiss. Plumbaginaceae 95 Artemisia alba Turra Compositae 96 Artemisia vulgaris L. Compositae 97 Arum italicum Mill. Araceae 98 Asparagus acutifolius L Liliaceae Asperula aristata L. subsp. scabra (J. Presl. & C. Presl) 99 Nyman Rubiaceae 100 Asperula doerfleri Wettst. Rubiaceae 101 Asperula taurina L. Rubiaceae 102 Asphodeline taurica (Pal. ex Bieb) Kunth Liliaceae 103 Asphodelus albus Mill. Liliaceae 104 Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb. Liliaceae 105 Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. Aspleniaceae 106 Asplenium ceterach L. Aspleniaceae 107 Asplenium fissum Willd. Aspleniaceae 108 Asplenium ruta-muraria L. Aspleniaceae 109 Asplenium ruta-muraria L. subsp. ruta-muraria Aspleniaceae 110 Asplenium trichomanes L. Aspleniaceae 33

111 Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. Compositae 112 Astragalus depressus L. Leguminosae 113 Astragalus angustifolius Lam. subsp. angustifolius Leguminosae 114 Astragalus baldaccii Deg. Leguminosae 115 Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Leguminosae 116 Astragalus fialae Degen Leguminosae 117 Astragalus hamosus L. Leguminosae 118 Astragalus mayeri Micev. Leguminosae 119 Astragalus sericophyllus Griseb. Leguminosae 120 Asyneuma limonifolium (L.) Janchen Campanulaceae 121 Athamanta haynaldii Borb. & Uec. Umbelliferae 122 Atriplex patula L. Chenopodiaceae 123 Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. Cruciferae 124 Avena sterilis L. Graminaceae 125 Avenastrum compressus (Heuff.) Deg. Graminaceae 126 Avenula praeusta (Reichenb.) J. Holub Graminaceae 127 Avenula pubescens (Hudson) Dumort Graminaceae 128 Ballota alba Labiatae 129 Ballota macedonica Vandas Labiatae 130 Ballota nigra L. Labiatae 131 Barbarea bracteosa Guss. Labiatae 132 Bellardiochloa violacea (Bellardi) Chiov. Graminaceae 133 Bellis perennis L. Compositae 134 Berberis croatica Horv. Berberidaceae 135 Berberis vulgaris L. Berberidaceae 136 Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Cruciferae 137 Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville Umbelliferae 138 Biarum tenuifolium (L.) Schott Araceae 139 Bidens cernua L. Compositae 140 Bidens tripartita L. Compositae 141 Bifora radians Bieb. Umbelliferae 142 Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Hudson Gentianaceae 143 Bombycilaene erecta (L.) Smol. Compositae 144 Botrychium lunaria (L.) Schwartz Ophioglossaceae 145 Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv. Graminaceae 146 Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. Graminaceae 147 Briza media L. Graminaceae 148 Bromus erectus Hudsonii Graminaceae 149 Bromus scoparius L. Graminaceae 150 Bromus squarrosus L. Graminaceae 151 Bromus sterilis L. Graminaceae 152 Bromus tectorum L. Graminaceae 153 Brunella laciniata L. Labiatae 154 Brunella vulgaris L. Labiatae 155 Bryonia alba L. Cucurbitaceae 156 Bryonia dioica Jacq. Cucurbitaceae 34

157 Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnston Boraginaceae 158 Bupleurum flavicans Boiss. et Heldr. Umbelliferae 159 Bupleurum karglii Umbelliferae 160 Butomus umbellatus L. Butomaceae 161 Buxus sempervirens L. Buxaceae 162 Calamintha acinos Clair. Labiatae 163 Calamintha alpina subsp. maioranifolia Hay. Labiatae 164 Calamintha grandiflora Mch. Labiatae 165 Caltha palustris L. Ranunculaceae 166 Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. Cruciferae 167 Campanula bonoiensis L. Campanulaceae 168 Campanula cervicaria L. Campanulaceae 169 Campanula foliosa Ten. Campanulaceae 170 Campanula glomerata L. Campanulaceae 171 Campanula lingulata Waldst. & Kit. Campanulaceae 172 Campanula patula L. Campanulaceae 173 Campanula persicifolia L. Campanulaceae 174 Campanula pyramidalis L. Campanulaceae 175 Campanula ramosissima Sm. Campanulaceae 176 Campanula rapunculus L. Campanulaceae 177 Campanula scheuchzeri Vill. Campanulaceae 178 Campanula sparsa Friv. Campanulaceae 179 Campanula sparsa Friv. subsp. sparsa Campanulaceae 180 Campanula spatulata Sm. Campanulaceae 181 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus Cruciferae 182 Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz Cruciferae 183 Cardamine enneaphyllos (L.) Crantz Cruciferae 184 Cardamine glauca DC. Cruciferae 185 Cardamine impatiens L. Cruciferae 186 Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. Cruciferae 187 Carduus acanthoides L. Compositae 188 Carduus candicans subsp. eu-candicans Hay. Compositae 189 Carduus nutans subsp. leiophyllus L. Compositae 190 Carduus pycnocephalus Compositae 191 Carex caryophyllea Lattourr. Cyperaceae 192 Carex echinata Murray Cyperaceae 193 Carex kitaibeliana Degen & Becherer Cyperaceae 194 Carlina acanthifolia All. L. Compositae 195 Carlina acaulis L. Compositae 196 Carlina corymbosa L. Compositae 197 Carlina vulgaris L. Compositae 198 Carpinus betulus L. Betulaceae 199 Carpinus orientalis Miller Betulaceae 200 Carum carvi L. Umbelliferae 201 Carum heldreichii Boiss. Umbelliferae 202 Carum multiflorum (S.S.) Boiss. Umbelliferae 35

203 Castanea sativa Miller Fagaceae 204 Caucalis platycarpos L. Umbelliferae 205 Celtis glabrata Steven&Planch. Ulmaceae 206 Celtis tourneiforttii Lam Compositae 207 Centaurea affinis Friv. Compositae 208 Centaurea alba L. Compositae 209 Centaurea athoa DC. subsp. parnonia Compositae 210 Centaurea calcitropa L. Compositae 211 Centaurea cuneifolia S.S. Compositae 212 Centaurea cyanis L. Compositae 213 Centaurea deusta Ten. Compositae 214 Centaurea galicicae Micev. Compositae Centaurea graeca Griseb. var. ceccariniana (Boiss. Et 215 Heldr.) Hal. Compositae 216 Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia Compositae 217 Centaurea macedonica Boiss. Compositae 218 Centaurea prespana Rech. fil., Compositae 219 Centaurea salonitana Vis. Compositae 220 Centaurea solstitialis Lin. Compositae 221 Centaurea soškae Hay.apud Koš. Compositae Centaurea triumfetti All. subsp. axillaris (Willd)Stef. et 222 Georg. Compositae 223 Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Gentianaceae 224 Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartman Orchidaceae 225 Cephalanthera damasonium (Miller) Druce Liliaceae 226 Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. Liliaceae 227 Cephalaria ambrosioides (Sm.) Roemer & Schultes Liliaceae 228 Cephalaria leucantha (L.) Roemer & Schultes Dipsacaceae 229 Cerastium arvense L. Caryophyllaceae Cerastium brachypetalum Pers. subsp. tauricum (Spreng.) 230 Murb. Caryophyllaceae 231 Cerastium decalvans Schlosser & Vuk. Caryophyllaceae 232 Cerastium grandiflorum Waldst. & Kit. Caryophyllaceae 233 Cerastium semidecandrum aggr. Caryophyllaceae 234 Cerastium sylvaticum Waldst. & Kit. Caryophyllaceae 235 Ceratophyllum demersum L. Ceratophyllaceae 236 Ceratophyllum submersum L. Ceratophyllaceae 237 Cercis siliquastrum L. Leguminosae 238 Cerinthe major L. Boraginaceae 239 Cerinthe minor L. Boraginaceae 240 Ceterach officinarum DC. in Lam & DC. Aspleniaceae 241 Chaerophyllum aureum L. Umbelliferae 242 Chamaecytisus austriacus (L.) Link Leguminosae 243 Chamaecytisus heuffelii (Griseb. & Schenk) Rothm. Leguminosae 244 Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link. Leguminosae 245 Chamaecytisus jankae (Velen.) Rothm. Leguminosae 246 Chamaecytisus supinus (L.) Link Leguminosae 36

247 Chamaecytisus tommasinii (Vis.) Rothm. Leguminosae 248 Chamomilla recutica Compositae 249 Chara fragilis Characeae 250 Chelidonium majus L. Papaveraceae 251 Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Chenopodiaceae 252 Chenopodium botrys L. Chenopodiaceae 253 Chenopodium vulvaria L. Chenopodiaceae 254 Chondrilla juncea L. Compositae 255 Chrysosplenium alternifolium Saxifragaceae 256 Cichorium intybus L. Compositae 257 Cirsium aphrum (Jacq.) Fischer Compositae 258 Cirsium arvense Scop. Compositae 259 Cirsium candelabrum Grisb. Compositae 260 Cirsium eriophorum (L.)Scop. Compositae 261 Cirsium vulgare (savi) Ten. Compositae 262 Cladium mariscus (L.) Pall. Cyperaceae 263 Clematis vitalba L. Ranunculaceae 264 Clinopodium vulgare L. Labiatae 265 Clypeola johnthlaspi L. Cruciferae 266 Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartman Orchidaceae 267 Colchicum autumnale L. Liliaceae 268 Colchicum doerfleri Halacsy Liliaceae 269 Colutea arborescens L. Leguminosae 270 Comandra elegans (Rochel) Reichenb. Santalaceae 271 Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur Ranunculaceae 272 Consolida regalis S. F. Gray Ranunculaceae 273 Convallaria mayalis L. Liliaceae 274 Convolvulus althaeoides aggr. Convolvulaceae 275 Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulaceae 276 Convolvulus cantabrica L. Convolvulaceae 277 Convolvulus elegantissimus Miller Convolvulaceae 278 Convolvulus tenuissimus Sibth. Et Sm. Convolvulaceae 279 Cornus mas L. Cornaceae 280 Cornus sanguinea L. Cornaceae 281 Coronilla emerus L. Leguminosae 282 Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch Leguminosae 283 Coronilla vaginalis Lam. Leguminosae 284 Coronilla varia L. Leguminosae 285 Corrigiola litoralis L. Caryophyllaceae 286 Corydalis bulbosa (L.) DC. Papaveraceae 287 Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigger & Koerte Papaveraceae 288 Corydalis ochroleuca Koch Papaveraceae 289 Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. subsp. incisa Lidèn Papaveraceae 290 Corylus avellana L. Corylaceae 291 Corylus colurna L. Corylaceae 292 Cotoneaster integerrimus Rosaceae 37

293 Crataegus heldreichii Boiss. Rosaceae 294 Crataegus laciniata Ucria Rosaceae 295 Crataegus monogyna Jacq Rosaceae 296 Crepis aurea (L.) Cass. Compositae 297 Crepis biennis L. Compositae 298 Crepis foetida L. Compositae 299 Crepis neglecta L. Compositae 300 Crepis rubra L. Compositae 301 Crepis setosa Hall. Compositae 302 Crocus chrysanthus Herbert Iridaceae 303 Crocus cvijicii Kos. Iridaceae 304 Crocus laevigatus Iridaceae 305 Crocus veluchensis Herbert Iridaceae 306 Crucianella angustifolia L. Rubiaceae 307 Cruciata laevipes Opiz Rubiaceae 308 Crupina vulgaris Cass. Compositae 309 Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. Compositae 310 Cuscuta europaea L. Convolvulaceae 311 Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton Convolvulaceae 312 Cynodon dactylon Primulaceae 313 Cynoglossum officinale L. Boraginaceae 314 Cynoglossum scardicum (Bornm.) Greuter & Burdet Graminaceae 315 Cynoglottis barrelieri (All.) Vural. & Kit Tan Boraginaceae 316 Cynosurus cristatus L. Graminaceae 317 Cynosurus echinatus L. Graminaceae 318 Cyperus fuscusL. Cyperaceae 319 Cyperus glaber L. Cyperaceae 320 Cyperus monti L. Cyperaceae 321 Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Athyraceae 322 Cytisus decumbens (Durande) Spach Leguminosae 323 Cytisus nigricans L. Leguminosae 324 Dactylis glomerata L. Graminaceae 325 Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo Orchidaceae 326 Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soo Orchidaceae 327 Daphne laureola L. Thymelaceae 328 Daphne oleoides Schreber Thymelaceae 329 Daucus carota L. Umbelliferae 330 Delphinium fissum Waldst. & Kit. Ranunculaceae 331 Delphinium peregrinum L. Ranunculaceae 332 Deschampia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Graminaceae 333 Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantl. Cruciferae 334 Dianthus armeria L. Caryophyllaceae 335 Dianthus armeria L. subsp. armeria Caryophyllaceae 336 Dianthus carthusianorum L. Caryophyllaceae 337 Dianthus corymbosus aggr. Caryophyllaceae 338 Dianthus cruentus Griseb. Caryophyllaceae 38

339 Dianthus deltoides L. Caryophyllaceae 340 Dianthus minutiflorus (Borbas) Halacsy Caryophyllaceae 341 Dianthus petraeus Waldst. & Kit. Caryophyllaceae 342 Dianthus scardicus Caryophyllaceae 343 Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen Caryophyllaceae 344 Dictamnus albus L. Rutaceae 345 Digitalis ferruginea L. Scraphulariaceae 346 Digitalis laevigata Scraphulariaceae 347 Dipsacus laciniatus L. Scraphulariaceae 348 Doronicum austriacum Jacq. Compositae 349 Doronicum columnae Ten. Compositae 350 Dorycnium herbaceum Vill. Leguminosae 351 Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. Leguminosae 352 Draba aizoides L. Cruciferae 353 Draba athoa (Griseb.) Boiss. Cruciferae 354 Draba muralis L. Cruciferae 355 Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Aspidiaceae 356 Drypis spinosa L. Caryophyllaceae 357 Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard Cucurbitaceae 358 Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf. Graminaceae 359 Echinops banaticus Rochel ex Schrader Compositae 360 Echinops ritro L. Compositae 361 Echium italicum L. Boraginaceae 362 Echium vulgare L. Boraginaceae 363 Edraianthus graminifolius aggr. Campanulaceae 364 Edraianthus horvatii Lakusic Campanulaceae 365 Ephedra campylopoda C. A. Meyer Ephedraceae 366 Ephedra distachya L. Ephedraceae 367 Epilobium angustifolium L. Onograceae 368 Epilobium dodonaei Vill. Onograceae 369 Epilobium hirsutum L. Onograceae 370 Epilobium montanum L. Onograceae 371 Epilobium palustre L. Onograceae 372 Epilobium parviflorum Schreber Onograceae 373 Equisetum arvense L. Equisetaceae 374 Equisetum palustre L. Equisetaceae 375 Eragrostis megastachya (Koel.) Link. Graminaceae 376 Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.B. Graminaceae 377 Erigeron acris L. Compositae 378 Erigeron alpinus L. Compositae 379 Erigeron canadense Compositae 380 Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. Geraniaceae 381 Erodium guicciardii Boiss. Geraniaceae 382 Erophila verna (L.) Chevall. Cruciferae 383 Erophila verna subsp. praecox (Steven) Walters Cruciferae 384 Erucastrum nasurtiifolium (Poiret) O. E. Schulz Cruciferae 39

385 Eryngium amethystinum L. Umbelliferae 386 Eryngium campestre L. Umbelliferae 387 Eryngium montanum Umbelliferae 388 Eryngium palmatum Panc et Vis. Umbelliferae 389 Erysimum crassistylum C. Pressl. Cruciferae 390 Erysimum cuspidatum (MB.) DC. Cruciferae 391 Erysimum graecum Boiss. & Heldr. Cruciferae 392 Erysimum sylvestre (Crantz) Scop. Cruciferae 393 Eupatorium canabinum L. Compositae 394 Euphorbia amygdaloides L. Euphorbiaceae 395 Euphorbia characias aggr. Euphorbiaceae 396 Euphorbia glabriflora Vis. Euphorbiaceae 397 Euphorbia helioscopia L. Euphorbiaceae 398 Euphorbia myrsinites L. Euphorbiaceae 399 Euphorbia peplus L. Euphorbiaceae 400 Euphorbia platyphyllos L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia seguieriana Necker subsp. niciciana (Borbas ex 401 Novak) Reich fil. Euphorbiaceae 402 Euphorbia verrucosa L. Euphorbiaceae 403 Euphrasia minima Jacq. Ex DC. Scrophullariaceae 404 Euphrasia stricta D. Wolff ex J.F.Lehm. Scrophullariaceae 405 Evonymus europaeus L. Celastraceae 406 Evonymus verrucosus Scop. Celastraceae 407 Fagus sylvatica L. Fagaceae 408 Ferulago sylvatica (Besseri) Reichenb. Umbelliferae 409 Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Graminaceae 410 Festuca bosniaca Kumm. & Sendtn. Graminaceae 411 Festuca callieri (Hack. Ex St-Yves) Mgf. Graminaceae 412 Festuca galicicae Mgf.-Dbg. Graminaceae 413 Festuca hercegovinica Mgf.-Dbg. Graminaceae 414 Festuca heterophylla Lam. Graminaceae 415 Festuca hirtovaginata (Acht.) Mgf.-Dbg. Graminaceae 416 Festuca nigrescens Lam. Graminaceae 417 Festuca panciciana Vel. Graminaceae 418 Festuca paniculata (L.) Schinz u. Thell. Graminaceae 419 Festuca pratensis Huds Graminaceae 420 Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medicus Cruciferae 421 Filago arvensis L. Compositae 422 Filago germanica L. Compositae 423 Filago vulgaris Lam. Compositae 424 Filipendula ulmaria L. Rosaceae 425 Fragaria vesca L. Rosaceae 426 Fragaria viridis Duch. Rosaceae 427 Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur Rhamnaceae 428 Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl Oleaceae 429 Fraxinus ornus L. Oleaceae 40

430 Fritillaria graeca Boiss -Etsprun. Liliaceae 431 Fritillaria orientalis Liliaceae 432 Fumana arabica (L.) Spach Cistaceae 433 Fumana procumbens (Dunal) Gren & Godron Cistaceae 434 Fumaria capreolata L. Papaveraceae 435 Fumaria officinalis L. Papaveraceae 436 Gagea arvensis Dam. Liliaceae 437 Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.) Schult. et Schult. Liliaceae 438 Gagea lutea L. Liliaceae 439 Galega officinalis L. Leguminosae 440 Galeopsis speciosa Miller Labiatae 441 Galium album Mill. Rubiaceae 442 Galium anisophyllon Vill Rubiaceae 443 Galium lucidum All. Rubiaceae 444 Galium mollugo L. Rubiaceae 445 Galium odoratum (L.) Schop. Rubiaceae 446 Galium sylvaticum L. Rubiaceae 447 Galium verticillatum Danthione Rubiaceae 448 Galium verum L. Rubiaceae 449 Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P.B. Graminaceae 450 Genista januensis Viv. Leguminosae 451 Genista januensis Viv. Leguminosae 452 Genista radiata (L.) Scop. Leguminosae 453 Genista subcapitata Pancic Leguminosae 454 Gentiana cruciata L. Gentianaceae 455 Gentiana lutea L. Gentianaceae 456 Gentiana verna L. Gentianaceae 457 Gentiana verna L. subsp. tergestina (G. Beck) Hayek Gentianaceae 458 Geranium aristatum Freyn et Sint. Geraniaceae 459 Geranium asphodeloides Burm. fil. Geraniaceae 460 Geranium cinereum aggr. Geraniaceae 461 Geranium dissectum L. Geraniaceae 462 Geranium lucidum L. Geraniaceae 463 Geranium molle L. Geraniaceae 464 Geranium purpureum Will. Geraniaceae 465 Geranium robertianum L. Geraniaceae 466 Geranium rotundifolium L. Geraniaceae 467 Geranium sylvaticum L. Geraniaceae 468 Geranium versicolor L. Geraniaceae 469 Geum urbanum L. Rosaceae 470 Glechoma hederacea L. Labiatae Gnaphalium hoppeanum (Koch)Schultz Bip. Et F.W. 471 Schultz Compositae 472 Gnaphalium norvegicum (Gunn.) Schultz Compositae 473 Gnaphalium sylvaticaa (L)Schultz Bip. Et F.W. Schultz Compositae 474 Gratiola officinalis L. Scrophullariaceae 41

475 Goniolimon dalmaticum Reichenb. Plumbaginaceae 476 Haplophyllum albanicum (Bald.) Bornm. Rutaceae 477 Haplophyllum coronatum Griseb. Rutaceae 478 Haplophyllum patavinum (L.) G. Don. Fil. Rutaceae 479 Hedera helix L. Araliaceae 480 Heleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. Et Schult. Cyperaceae 481 Heleocharis palustris (L.) Br. Cyperaceae 482 Helianthemum canum (L.) Baumg. Cistaceae 483 Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Miller Cistaceae 484 Helichrysum plicatum D.C. Compositae 485 Heliotropium europaeum L. Boraginaceae 486 Helleborus odorus Willd. Ranunculaceae 487 Herniaria glabra L. Caryophyllaceae 488 Herniaria hirsuta L. Caryophyllaceae 489 Herniaria incana Lam. Caryophyllaceae 490 Hesperis rechingeri Dvořák Cruciferae 491 Hesperis sylvestris Crantz Cruciferae 492 Hesperis theophrasti Borbás Cruciferae 493 Hieracium bifidum Kit. Compositae 494 Hieracium cymosum L. Compositae 495 Hieracium gymnocephalum Griseb. Compositae 496 Hieracium hopeannum Schultes Compositae 497 Hieracium murorum L. Compositae 498 Hieracium pannosum Boiss. Compositae 499 Hieracium pilosella L. Compositae Hieracium praealtum Vill. ex Gochnat subsp. bauhinii 500 (Besser) Petunnikov Compositae 501 Hieracium sericophyllum Nejč. et Zahn Compositae 502 Hippocrepis glauca Ten. Leguminosae 503 Hippuris vulgaris L. Hipuridaceae 504 Holcus lanatus L. Graminaceae 505 Hordeum bulbosus L. Graminaceae 506 Hordeum murinum Hudson Graminaceae 507 Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. Hydrocaritaceae 508 Hypericum barbatum Jacq. Hypericaceae 509 Hypericum maculatum Crantz Hypericaceae 510 Hypericum olympicum L. Hypericaceae 511 Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae 512 Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. Hypericaceae 513 Hypericum spruneri Boiss. Hypericaceae 514 Hypocaeris sp. Compositae 515 Hyssopus officinalis L. Labiatae 516 Iberis sempervirens L. Cruciferae 517 Inula conyza DC. Compositae 518 Inula oculus-christi L. Compositae 519 Iris pseudocoris L. Iridaceae 42

520 Iris pumila subsp. attica (Boiss. & Heldr.) K.Richt Iridaceae 521 Iris germanica L. Iridaceae 522 Iris pallida Lam Iridaceae 523 Iris sintenisi Jka. Iridaceae 524 Isatis tinctoria L. Cruciferae 525 Jasione heldreichii Boiss. & Orph. Convolvulaceae 526 Jovibarba heuffelii (Schott) Á. Löve & D. Löve Crassulaceae 527 Juglans regia L. Juglandaceae 528 Juncus acutus L. Juncaceae 529 Juncus articulatus Ehrh. Juncaceae 530 Juncus conglomeratus L. Juncaceae 531 Juncus effusus L. Juncaceae 532 Juncus inflexus L. Juncaceae 533 Juniperus communis L. Cupressaceae 534 Juniperus excelsa MB. Cupressaceae 535 Juniperus foetidissima Willd. Cupressaceae 536 Juniperus nana L. Cupressaceae 537 Juniperus oxycedrus L. Cupressaceae 538 Jurinea molis ssp. eu-mollis var. integrifolia Schur. Compositae 539 Knautia arvensis (L.) Coulter Dipsacaceae 540 Knautia dinarica (Murb.) Borbás Dipsacaceae Knautia drymeia aggr. subsp. nympharum (Boiss. & 541 Heldr.) Ehrend. Dipsacaceae 542 Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. Dipsacaceae 543 Koeleria cristata Pers. Graminaceae 544 Koeleria gracilis Pers. Graminaceae 545 Koeleria phleoides (Vill.) Pers. Graminaceae 546 Koeleria splendens Presl. Graminaceae 547 Laburnum alpinum (Mill.) Presl. Leguminosae 548 Lactuca muralis Gartn. Compositae 549 Lactuca perennis L. Compositae 550 Lactuca saligna L. Compositae 551 Lactuca serriola L. Compositae 552 Lamium amplexicaule L. Labiatae 553 Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L. Labiatae 554 Lamium garganicum L. Labiatae 555 Lamium maculatum L. Labiatae 556 Lamium purpureum L. Labiatae 557 Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort Labiatae 558 Laserpitium ochridanum Micev Umbelliferae 559 Laserpitium siler L. Umbelliferae 560 Lasiagrostis calamagrostis Graminaceae 561 Lathyrus aphaca L. Leguminosae 562 Lathyrus digitatus (M.Bieb.) Fiori Leguminosae 563 Lathyrus cicera L. Leguminosae 564 Lathyrus grandiflorus Sm. Leguminosae 43

565 Lathyrus inconspicuus L. Leguminosae 566 Lathyrus latifolius L. Leguminosae 567 Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. Leguminosae 568 Lathyrus nissolia L. Leguminosae 569 Lathyrus pratensis L. Leguminosae 570 Lathyrus sativus L. Leguminosae 571 Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. Leguminosae 572 Lathyrus sylvestris L. Leguminosae 573 Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix Campanulaceae 574 Lemna gibba L. Lemnaceae 575 Lemna minor L. Lemnaceae 576 Leontodon crispus L. subsp. asper var. setulosus Hay. Compositae 577 Leontodon hispidus L. Compositae 578 Leontodon taraxacoides (Will.) Merat Compositae 579 Leonurus cardiaca L. Labiatae 580 Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Cruciferae 581 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Compositae 582 Ligustrum vulgare L. Oleaceae 583 Lilium albanicum Grsb. Liliaceae 584 Lilium candidum L. Liliaceae 585 Lilium chalcedonicum L. Liliaceae 586 Lilium martagon L. Liliaceae 587 Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. Scrophullariaceae 588 Linaria peloponnesiaca Boiss. et Heldr. Scrophullariaceae 589 Linaria vsimplex (Willd.) DC Scrophullariaceae 590 Linaria vulgaris Miller Scrophullariaceae 591 Linum austriacum L. Linaceae 592 Linum bienne Miller Linaceae 593 Linum flavum L. Linaceae 594 Linum hirsutum L. Linaceae 595 Linum hirsutum L. subsp. spathulatum (Halácsy & Bald.) Linaceae 596 Linum spathulatum L. Linaceae 597 Linum tenuifolium L. Linaceae 598 Linum trigynum L. Linaceae 599 Linum usitatisimum L. Linaceae 600 Lithospermum officinale L. Boraginaceae 601 Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum L. Boraginaceae 602 Lolium multiflorum Lam. Graminaceae 603 Lolium perenne L. Graminaceae 604 Lolium temulentum L. Graminaceae 605 Lonicera alpigena L. Caprifoliaceae 606 Lonicera etrusca Santi Caprifoliaceae 607 Lonicera formanekiana Halácsy Caprifoliaceae 608 Lotus alpinus (DC.) Ramond Leguminosae 609 Lotus corniclatus L. Leguminosae 610 Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott Onograceae 44

611 Lunaria rediviva L. Cruciferae 612 Lupinus angustifolius L. Leguminosae 613 Luzula campestri (L.) DC Juncaceae 614 Luzula italica Parl. Juncaceae 615 Luzula pindica (Hausskn.) Chrtek & Krisa Juncaceae 616 Luzula spicata (L.) DC. Juncaceae 617 Luzula sylvatica (Huds.) Gaud. Juncaceae 618 Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. Caryophyllaceae 619 Lychnis viscaria L. Caryophyllaceae 620 Lycopus europaeus L Labiatae 621 Lysimachia dubia Solander Primulaceae 622 Lysimachia nummularia L. Primulaceae 623 Lythrum salicaria L. Lythraceae Malcolmia orsiniana (Ten.) Ten. subsp. angulifolia 624 (Boiss. & Orph.) A. Stork Cruciferae 625 Malus florentina (Zuccagni) C.K. Schneider Rosaceae 626 Malus sylvestris Mill. Rosaceae 627 Malva moschata L. Malvaceae 628 Malva neglecta Wallr. Malvaceae 629 Malva sylvestris L. Malvaceae 630 Marrubium anisodon C. Koch Labiatae 631 Marrubium incanum Desr. Labiatae 632 Marrubium peregrinum L. Labiatae 633 Marrubium thessalum Boiss. & Heldr. Labiatae 634 Marrubium vulgare L. Labiatae 635 Matricaria chamomilla L. Compositae 636 Matricaria chamomilla L. Compositae 637 Matricaria perforata Compositae 638 Matricaria recutita. Compositae 639 Matthiola fruticulosa (L.) Maire Cruciferae 640 Medicago arabica (L.) Hudson Leguminosae 641 Medicago falcata L. Leguminosae 642 Medicago lupulina L. Leguminosae 643 Medicago minima (L.) L. Leguminosae 644 Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal Leguminosae 645 Medicago polymorpha L. Leguminosae 646 Medicago rigidula (L.) All. Leguminosae 647 Medicago sativa L. Leguminosae 648 Melica ciliata L. Graminaceae 649 Melica uniflora Retz. Graminaceae 650 Melilotus albus Medicus Leguminosae 651 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Leguminosae 652 Melissa officinalis L. Labiatae 653 Melittis melissophyllum L. Leguminosae 654 Mentha aquatica L. Labiatae 655 Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. Labiatae 45

656 Mentha pulegium L. Labiatae 657 Mentha spicata L. Labiatae 658 Mercurialis ovata Sternb. & Hoppe Euphorbiaceae 659 Mercurialis perennis L. Euphorbiaceae 660 Micromeria juliana (L.) Bentham ex Reichenb. Labiatae 661 Micromeria kosaninii Silic Labiatae 662 Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K.Meyer Cruciferae 663 Minuartia glomerata (MB.) Degen Caryophyllaceae 664 Minuartia hamata (Hausskn. & Bornm.) Mattf. Caryophyllaceae Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern. Subsp. attica (Boiss. & 665 Spruner) Hayek Caryophyllaceae 666 Moehringia ciliata (Scop.) Dalla Torre Caryophyllaceae 667 Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Caryophyllaceae 668 Monotropa hypophegea Wallr. Pyrolaceae 669 Morina persica L. Dipsacaceae 670 Morus alba L. Moraceae 671 Morus nigra L. Moraceae 672 Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. Liliaceae 673 Muscari racemosum (L.) Lam. Liliaceae 674 Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch. Liliaceae 675 Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort Compositae 676 Myosotis alpestris agg. Boraginaceae 677 Myosotis arvensis Hill. Boraginaceae 678 Myosotis incrassata Guss. Boraginaceae 679 Myosotis laxa Lehm. Boraginaceae 680 Myosotis ramosissima Rochel Boraginaceae 681 Myosotis refracta Boiss. Boraginaceae 682 Myosotis scorpioides L. Boraginaceae 683 Myosotis suaveolens Willd. Boraginaceae 684 Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. Boraginaceae 685 Myosurus minimus L. Graminaceae 686 Myriophyllum spicatum L. Haloragaceae 687 Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Haloragaceae 688 Najas graminea All. Najadaceae 689 Najas marina L. Najadaceae 690 Najas minor All. Najadaceae 691 Nardus stricta L. Graminaceae 692 Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Cruciferae 693 Nepeta nuda L. Labiatae 694 Nepeta parnassica Heldr. & Sart. Labiatae 695 Nepeta sibthorpii gr. Labiatae 696 Nigella arvensis L. Ranunculaceae 697 Nigella damascena L. Ranunculaceae 698 Nonea pallens Petrović Boraginaceae 699 Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. Nymphaeaceae 700 Nymphaea alba L. Nymphaeaceae 46

701 Nymphoides peltata (S. G. Gmelin) O. Kuntze Menyanthaceae 702 Onobrychis alba (Waldst. & Kit.) Desv. Leguminosae 703 Onobrychis caput-galli Lam. Leguminosae 704 Onobrychis montana DC. Leguminosae 705 Onobrychis oxyodonta Boiss. Leguminosae 706 Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Leguminosae 707 Ononis pusilla L. Leguminosae 708 Ononis spinosa L. Leguminosae 709 Onopordon acanthium L. Compositae 710 Onopordon illyricum L. Compositae 711 Onosma echioides L. Boraginaceae 712 Onosma javorkae Simonka Boraginaceae 713 Ophrys apifera Huds. Orchidaceae 714 Opoponax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb. Umbelliferae 715 Orchis morio L. Orchidaceae 716 Orchis quadripuntata Cirillo ex Ten. Orchidaceae 717 Orchis ustulata L. Orchidaceae 718 Orchis purpurea Huds. Orchidaceae 719 Origanum vulgare L. Labiatae 720 Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm. Umbelliferae 721 Ornithogalum oligophyllum e. D. Clarke Liliaceae 722 Ornithogalum tenuifolium Guss. Liliaceae 723 Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Liliaceae 724 Orobanche alba Willd. Orobanchaceae 725 Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. Orobanchaceae 726 Orobanche gracilis Sm. Orobanchaceae 727 Orobanche loricata Rchb. Orobanchaceae 728 Orobanche lutea Baumg. Orobanchaceae 729 Orobanche purpurea Jacq. Orobanchaceae 730 Orobanche ramosa L. subsp. ramosa Orobanchaceae 731 Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Betulaceae 732 Oxytropis dinarica (Murb.) Wettst. Leguminosae 733 Oxytropis purpurea (Bald.) Markgraf Leguminosae 734 Oxytropis urumovii Jáv. Leguminosae 735 Paeonia mascula (L.) Miller Ranunculaceae 736 Papaver dubium L. Papaveraceae 737 Papaver rhoeas L. Papaveraceae 738 Parietaria officinalis L. Urticaceae 739 Paronychia kapela (Hacq.) A. Kerner Caryophyllaceae 740 Paronychia macedonica Chaudhri Caryophyllaceae Petrorhagia glumacea (Bory & Chaub.) P. W. Ball & 741 Heywood Caryophyllaceae 742 Petrorhagia illyrica (Ard.) P. W. Ball & Heywood Caryophyllaceae 743 Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link Caryophyllaceae 744 Peucedanum austriacum (Jacq.) Koch Umbelliferae 745 Peucedanum olygophyllum (Griseb.) Vandas Umbelliferae 47

746 Peucedanum palustre Umbelliferae 747 Peucedanum schottii Besser Umbelliferae 748 Phleum alpinum L. Graminaceae 749 Phleum graecum Boiss. et Heldr. Graminaceae 750 Phleum montanum C. Koch Graminaceae 751 Phleum phleoides (L.) Karsten var. blepharodes Hal. Graminaceae 752 Phleum pratense L. Graminaceae 753 Phleum subulatum A. G. Graminaceae 754 Phlomis herba-venti L. Labiatae 755 Phlomis pungens Willd. Labiatae 756 Phlomis tuberosa L. Labiatae 757 Phragmites australis Graminaceae 758 Phragmites communis Trin. Graminaceae 759 Pimpinella saxifraga L. Umbelliferae Pimpinella tragium Vill. Subsp. lithophila (Schischkin) 760 Tutin Umbelliferae 761 Pinus nigra Arnold Pinaceae 762 Pistacia terebinthus L. Anacardiaceae 763 Pisum sativum L. Leguminosae 764 Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. Plantaginaceae 765 Plantago lanceolata L. Plantaginaceae 766 Plantago major L. Plantaginaceae 767 Platanthera bifolia (L.) L. C.M. Richard Orchidaceae 768 Poa alpina L. Graminaceae 769 Poa angustifolia L. Graminaceae 770 Poa annua L. Graminaceae 771 Poa bulbosa L. Graminaceae 772 Poa compressa L. Graminaceae 773 Poa media Schur Graminaceae 774 Poa molinerii Balbis Graminaceae 775 Poa nemoralis L. Graminaceae 776 Poa pratensis L. Graminaceae 777 Poa trivialis L. Graminaceae 778 Poa violacea Graminaceae 779 Poa vivipara Graminaceae 780 Polygala alpestris Reichenb. Polygalaceae 781 Polygala nicaeensis Koch Polygalaceae 782 Polygala vulgaris L. Polygalaceae 783 Polygonatum officinale L. Liliaceae 784 Polygonium salicifolium Polygonaceae 785 Polygonum amphibium L. Polygonaceae 786 Polygonum hidropiper L. Polygonaceae 787 Polygonum mite Shschrank Polygonaceae 788 Polygonum pulchellum Loisel. Polygonaceae 789 Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Aspidiaceae 790 Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth Aspidiaceae 48

791 Potamegoton crispus L. Potamogetonaceae 792 Potamegoton fluitans Roth Potamogetonaceae 793 Potamegoton perfoliatus L. Potamogetonaceae 794 Potamegoton pusillus L. Potamogetonaceae 795 Potentilla apennina Ten. Rosaceae 796 Potentilla argentea L. var. argentea Rosaceae 797 Potentilla crantzii (Crantz.) G. Beck Rosaceae 798 Potentilla detommasii ten. Rosaceae 799 Potentilla erecta (L.) Rauschel Rosaceae 800 Potentilla micrantha Ram. Rosaceae 801 Potentilla recta L. Rosaceae 802 Potentilla reptans L. Rosaceae 803 Potentilla speciosa Willd. Rosaceae 804 Potentilla inclinata Will. Rosaceae 805 Prenanthes purpurea L. Compositae 806 Primula elatior (L.) L. Primulaceae 807 Primula veris L. Primulaceae 808 Prunella laciniata (L.) L. Labiatae 809 Prunella vulgaris L. Labiatae 810 Prunus amygdalis Batch. Rosaceae 811 Prunus avium L. Rosaceae 812 Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Rosaceae 813 Prunus cocomilia Ten. Rosaceae 814 Prunus mahaleb L. Rosaceae 815 Prunus prostrata Labill. Rosaceae 816 Prunus spinosa var. dasyphylla Rosaceae 817 Prunus webbii (Spach.) Vierh. Rosaceae 818 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Polypodiaceae 819 Pterocephalus papposus (L.) Coulter Dipsacaceae 820 Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.)Greuter Compositae 821 Ptilotrichum cyclocarpum Boiss. Cruciferae 822 Pulicaria dysenterica Gartn. Compositae 823 Pyrus amygdaliformis Will. Rosaceae 824 Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. Rosaceae 825 Quercus cerris L. Fagaceae 826 Quercus frainetto Ten. Fagaceae 827 Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. Fagaceae 828 Quercus robur L. Fagaceae 829 Quercus trojana Webb Fagaceae 830 Ranunculus acris L. Ranunculaceae 831 Ranunculus aquatilis L. Ranunculaceae 832 Ranunculus arvensis L. Ranunculaceae 833 Ranunculus crenatus Waldst. & Kit. Ranunculaceae 834 Ranunculus demissus DC. Ranunculaceae 835 Ranunculus ficaria L. Ranunculaceae 836 Ranunculus garganicus Ten. Ranunculaceae 49

837 Ranunculus lingua L. Ranunculaceae 838 Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl Ranunculaceae 839 Ranunculus muricatus L. Ranunculaceae 840 Ranunculus polyanthemos L. Ranunculaceae 841 Ranunculus psilostachys Griseb. Ranunculaceae 842 Ranunculus sartorianus Boiss. & Heldr. Ranunculaceae 843 Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix Ranunculaceae 844 Ranunculus velutinus Ten. Ranunculaceae 845 Raphanus raphanistrum L. Cruciferae 846 Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth Compositae 847 Reseda lutea L. Resedaceae 848 Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn. Compositae 849 Rhamnus alpina L. Rhamnaceae 850 Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. Rhamnaceae 851 Ribes multiflorum Kit. Grossulariaceae 852 Ribes uva-crispa L. Grossulariaceae 853 Robinia pseudoacacia L. Leguminosae 854 Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser Cruciferae 855 Rorippa prolifera (Heuffel) Neilr. Cruciferae 856 Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Reichenb. Cruciferae 857 Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser subsp. sylvestris Cruciferae 858 Rosa arvensis Huds. Rosaceae 859 Rosa canina L. Rosaceae 860 Rosa corymbifera Borkh Rosaceae 861 Rosa glauca Pourret Rosaceae 862 Rubus fruticosus L. Rosaceae 863 Rubus idaeus L. Rosaceae 864 Rubus ulmifolius Schott Rosaceae 865 Rumex acetosella L. Polygonaceae 866 Rumex alpinus L. Polygonaceae 867 Rumex crispus L. Polygonaceae 868 Rumex gussonii Arcangeli Polygonaceae 869 Rumex nivalis Hegetschw Polygonaceae 870 Rumex pulcher L. Polygonaceae 871 Rumex scutatus L. Polygonaceae 872 Ruscus aquleatus L. Liliaceae 873 Sagitaria sagittifolia L. Alismataceae 874 Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. Labiatae 875 Salvia argentea L. Labiatae 876 Salvia glutinosa L. Labiatae 877 Salvia horminum Labiatae 878 Salvia officinalis L. Labiatae 879 Salvia pratensis L. Labiatae 880 Salvia ringens Sm. Labiatae 881 Salvia sclarea L. Labiatae 882 Salvia verticillata L. Labiatae 50

883 Sambucus ebulus L. Caprifoliaceae 884 Sambucus nigra L. Caprifoliaceae 885 Sanguisorba minor Scop. Rosaceae 886 Sanicula europaea Umbelliferae 887 Saponaria bellidifolia Sm. Caryophyllaceae 888 Saponaria calabrica Guss. Caryophyllaceae 889 Saponaria glutinosa MB. Caryophyllaceae 890 Satureja cuneifolia Ten. Labiatae 891 Satureja montana L. Labiatae 892 Satureja subspicata Vis. Labiatae 893 Saxifraga adscendens L. Saxifragaceae 894 Saxifraga bulbifera L. Saxifragaceae 895 Saxifraga grisebachii Deg. et Doerfl. Saxifragaceae 896 Saxifraga marginata Sternb. Saxifragaceae 897 Saxifraga paniculata Mill. Saxifragaceae 898 Saxifraga rotundifolia L. Saxifragaceae 899 Saxifraga scardica Griseb. Saxifragaceae 900 Saxifraga trydactylites L. Saxifragaceae 901 Scabiosa columbaria L. Dipsacaceae 902 Scabiosa ochroleuca L. Dipsacaceae 903 Scabiosa triniifolia Friv. Dipsacaceae 904 Scandix australis L. Umbelliferae 905 Scandix pecten-veneris L. Umbelliferae 906 Scilla automnalis L. Liliaceae 907 Scilla bifolia L. Liliaceae 908 Scirpus lacustris subsp. lacustris (L.) Palla Cyperaceae 909 Scleranthus annuus L. subsp. polycarpos (L.) Thell. Caryophyllaceae 910 Scleranthus perennis L. Caryophyllaceae 911 Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb. (Desmazeria rigida) Graminaceae 912 Scolymus hispanicus L. Compositae 913 Scorzonera crocifolia Compositae 914 Scorzonera hispanica L Compositae 915 Scorzonera mollis M.B. Compositae 916 Scrophularia canina L. Scrophulariaceae 917 Scrophularia heterophylla Scrophulariaceae 918 Scrophularia scopolli Hope Scrophulariaceae 919 Scutellaria alpina L. Labiatae 920 Scutellaria columnae All. Labiatae 921 Secale montanum Guss. Graminaceae 922 Sedum acre L. Crassulaceae 923 Sedum album L. Crassulaceae 924 Sedum amlpexicaule DC. Crassulaceae 925 Sedum atratum L. Crassulaceae 926 Sedum cepaea L. Crassulaceae 927 Sedum dasyphyllum L. Crassulaceae 928 Sedum hispanicum L. Crassulaceae 51

929 Sedum magellense Ten. Crassulaceae 930 Sedum ochroleucum Chaix Crassulaceae 931 Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring Crassulaceae 932 Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Schrank Sellaginellaceae 933 Sempervivum galicicum Micevski Crassulaceae 934 Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb. Crassulaceae 935 Senecio aquaticus Hill Compositae 936 Senecio jacobaea L. Compositae 937 Senecio paposus (Reich.) Less. Compositae 938 Senecio scopoli Hoppe & Horn. Compositae 939 Senecio squalidus subsp. rupestris (W.&K.) Grent Compositae 940 Senecio viscosus L. Compositae 941 Seseli montanum L. Umbelliferae 942 Seseli peucedanoides (Bieb.) Kos-Pol. Umbelliferae 943 Sesleria coerulans Friv. Graminaceae 944 Sesleria coerulea Ard.) var. calcarea Opiz Graminaceae 945 Sesleria robusta subsp. skanderbegii (Ujhelyi) Deyl Graminaceae 946 Sesleria tenerrima (Fritsch) Hayek Graminaceae 947 Sesleria tenuifolia Shrader Graminaceae 948 Sideritis montana L. Labiatae 949 Sideritis montana L. subsp. montana Labiatae 950 Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. raeseri Labiatae 951 Silene bellidifolia Jacq. Caryophyllaceae 952 Silene bupleuroides L. Caryophyllaceae 953 Silene chromodonta Boiss. & Reuter Caryophyllaceae 954 Silene conica L. Caryophyllaceae 955 Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. Caryophyllaceae 956 Silene fabarioides Hausskn. Caryophyllaceae 957 Silene graeca Boiss. & Spruner Caryophyllaceae 958 Silene italica (L.) Pers. Caryophyllaceae 959 Silene otites (L.) Wibel Caryophyllaceae 960 Silene parnassica (Boiss. & Spruner) subsp. parnassica Caryophyllaceae 961 Silene radicosa Boiss. & Heldr. Caryophyllaceae 962 Silene saxifraga L. Caryophyllaceae 963 Silene sendtneri Boiss. Caryophyllaceae 964 Silene viscaria (L.) Jessen Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. cummutata 965 (Guss.) Hayek Caryophyllaceae 966 Sinapis arvensis L. Cruciferae 967 Sisymbrium altissimum L. Cruciferae 968 Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Cruciferae 969 Solanum dulcamara L. Solanaceae 970 Solenanthus scardicus Bornm. Boraginaceae 971 Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. eu-virgaurea Hay. Compositae 972 Sonchus asper ssp. eu-asper Hay. Compositae 973 Sonchus asper ssp. eu-asper Hay. Compositae 52

974 Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz. Rosaceae 975 Sorbus aucuparia L. var. aucuparia Rosaceae 976 Sorbus graeca (Spatch) Kotschy Rosaceae 977 Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Rosaceae 978 Sorbus umbellata (Desf.) Fritsch Rosaceae 979 Sparganium emersum Rehman Sparganiacaeae 980 Sparganium erectum L. Sparganiacaeae 981 Sparganium ramosum L. Sparganiacaeae 982 Stachys cretica L. Labiatae 983 Stachys germanica L. Labiatae 984 Stachys palustris L. Labiatae 985 Stachys plumosa Griseb Labiatae 986 Stachys recta L. Labiatae 987 Stachys scardica (Griseb.) Hayek Labiatae 988 Stellaria graminea L. Caryophyllaceae 989 Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Caryophyllaceae 990 Stellaria neglecta Weihe Caryophyllaceae 991 Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. et Kit. Liliaceae 992 Stipa bromoides Brand. Graminaceae 993 Stipa capillata L. Graminaceae 994 Stipa endotricha Martinovsky Graminaceae 995 Stipa epilosa Martinovsky Graminaceae 996 Stipa joannis Celak subsp. balcanica Martinovsky Graminaceae 997 Stipa pennata L. Graminaceae 998 Symphytum tuberosum L. Boraginaceae 999 Syringa vulgaris L. Oleaceae 1000 Tamus communis L. Dioscoreaceae 1001 Tanacetum corymbosum Compositae 1002 Tanacetum macrophyllum (Willd.) Schultz-Bip. Compositae 1003 Taraxacum officinale Weber Compositae 1004 Taraxacum palustre (Lyous) Lymons Compositae 1005 Teophroseris integrifolia subsp. aucheri Compositae 1006 Teucrium capitatum L. Labiatae 1007 Teucrium chamaedrys L. Labiatae 1008 Teucrium flavum L. Labiatae 1009 Teucrium montanum L. Labiatae 1010 Teucrium polium aggr. Labiatae 1011 Teucrium scordium L. Labiatae 1012 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. Ranunculaceae 1013 Thalictrum minus L. Ranunculaceae 1014 Thesium arvense Horvat. Santalaceae 1015 Thesium linophyllon L. Santalaceae 1016 Thesium parnassi A. DC Santalaceae 1017 Thlaspi bellidifolium Griseb. Caryophyllaceae 1018 Thlaspi perfoliatum L. Caryophyllaceae 1019 Thymus cherlerioides Vis. Labiatae 53

1020 Thymus ciliatopubescens (Hal.) Hal. Labiatae 1021 Thymus leucotrichus Halacsy Labiatae 1022 Thymus longicaulis C. Presl Labiatae 1023 Thymus praecox Opiz Labiatae 1024 Thymus pulegoides L. Labiatae 1025 Thymus sibthorpii Bentham Labiatae 1026 Thymus stojanovii Degen Labiatae 1027 Thymus striatus aggr. Labiatae 1028 Thymus thracicus Velen. Labiatae 1029 Tilia cordata Mill. Tiliaceae 1030 Tordylium maximum L. Umbelliferae 1031 Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Umbelliferae 1032 Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Umbelliferae 1033 Tragopogon balcanicus Vel. Compositae 1034 Tragopogon pratense L. Compositae 1035 Trapa natans L. Trapaceae 1036 Trifolium alpestre L. Leguminosae 1037 Trifolium angustifolium L. Leguminosae 1038 Trifolium arvense L. Leguminosae 1039 Trifolium aureum Pollich Leguminosae 1040 Trifolium badium Schreber Leguminosae 1041 Trifolium campestre Schreber Leguminosae 1042 Trifolium medium L. Leguminosae 1043 Trifolium montanum L. Leguminosae 1044 Trifolium phleoides aggr. Leguminosae 1045 Trifolium physodes MB. Leguminosae 1046 Trifolium pignantii Fauché & Chaub. Leguminosae 1047 Trifolium pilczii Adamović Leguminosae 1048 Trifolium pratense L. Leguminosae 1049 Trifolium repens L. Leguminosae 1050 Trifolium scabrum L. Leguminosae 1051 Trifolium resupinatum L. Leguminosae 1052 Trifolium stellatum L. Leguminosae 1053 Trifolium subterraneum L. Leguminosae 1054 Trifolium velenovskyi Vandas Leguminosae 1055 Trigonella glabra Thunb. Leguminosae 1056 Trinia glauca (L.) Dumort Umbelliferae 1057 Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv. Graminaceae 1058 Trisetum pratense Pers. Graminaceae 1059 Triticum cylindricum (Host.) ces. Graminaceae 1060 Triticum villosum (L.) M.B. Graminaceae 1061 Tussilago farfara L. Compositae 1062 Typha angustifolia L. Typhaceae 1063 Typha latifolia L. Typhaceae 1064 Ulmus glabra Huds. Ulmaceae 1065 Umbilicus erectus DC. Crassulaceae 54

1066 Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy Crassulaceae 1067 Urtica dioica L. Urticaceae 1068 Urtica urens L. Urticaceae 1069 Utricularia vulgaris L. Lentibulariaceae 1070 Valeriana dioscoridis Valerianaceae 1071 Valeriana montana L. Valerianaceae 1072 Valeriana tuberosaL. Valerianaceae 1073 Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. Valerianaceae 1074 Vallisneria spiralisL. Hydrocharitaceae 1075 Velezia rigida L. Caryophyllaceae 1076 Verbascum baldaccii Degen Scrophulariaceae 1077 Verbascum banaticum Roch. Scrophulariaceae 1078 Verbascum kindlii Hay. Scrophulariaceae 1079 Verbascum longifolium Ten. Scrophulariaceae 1080 Verbascum nemorosum Schrad. Scrophulariaceae 1081 Verbascum nigrumL. Scrophulariaceae 1082 Veronica acinifolia L. Scrophulariaceae 1083 Veronica agrestis L. Scrophulariaceae 1084 Veronica anagalis-aquatica L. Scrophulariaceae 1085 Veronica arvensis L. Scrophulariaceae 1086 Veronica austriaca L. Scrophulariaceae 1087 Veronica chamaedrys L. Scrophulariaceae 1088 Veronica hederifolia L. Scrophulariaceae 1089 Veronica teucrium L. Scrophulariaceae 1090 Vicia cracca L. Leguminosae 1091 Vicia grandiflora Scop. Leguminosae 1092 Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray Leguminosae 1093 Vicia lathyroides L. Leguminosae 1094 Vicia onobrychioides L. Leguminosae 1095 Vicia peregrina L. Leguminosae 1096 Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. Leguminosae 1097 Vicia villosa Roth Leguminosae 1098 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medicus Asclepiadaceae 1099 Viola aetolica Boiss. et Heldr. Violaceae 1100 Viola chelmea Boiss. et Heldr. Violaceae 1101 Viola eximia Form. Violaceae 1102 Viola kitaibellana Schultes in Roemer et Schultes Violaceae 1103 Viola odorata L. Violaceae 1104 Viola orphanidis Boiss. Violaceae 1105 Viola reichenbachiana Jordan ex Boreau Violaceae 1106 Viola tricolor L. Violaceae 1107 Viscum album L. Loranthaceae 1108 Vitis vinifera L. Vitaceae 1109 Xanthium spinosum L. Compositae 1110 Xanthium strumarium L. Compositae 1111 Xeranthemum annuum L. Compositae 55

1112 Xeranthemum inapertum (L.) Willd. Compositae

56