Filogeografia Genètica De Poblacions I Citogenètica Molecular Del Gènere Cheirolophus (Asteraceae, Cardueae)

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Filogeografia Genètica De Poblacions I Citogenètica Molecular Del Gènere Cheirolophus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) Filogeografia genètica de poblacions i citogenètica molecular del gènere Cheirolophus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) Daniel Vitales Serrano ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository is not authorized (framing). Those rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA DEPARTAMENT DE PRODUCTES NATURALS, BIOLOGIA VEGETAL I EDAFOLOGIA SECCIÓ DE BOTÀNICA FILOGEOGRAFIA, GENÈTICA DE POBLACIONS I CITOGENÈTICA MOLECULAR DEL GÈNERE CHEIROLOPHUS (ASTERACEAE, CARDUEAE) TESI DOCTORAL DANIEL VITALES SERRANO 2015 UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Secció de Botànica Programa de doctorat: Ciències i Tecnologies del Medi Ambient Filogeografia, genètica de poblacions i citogenètica molecular del gènere Cheirolophus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) Memòria presentada per Daniel Vitales Serrano per a optar al títol de doctor per la Universitat de Barcelona Amb el vist-i-plau dels directors de la tesi: Prof. Joan Vallès Xirau Dr. Jaume Pellicer Moscardó Dra. Teresa Garnatje Roca Daniel Vitales Serrano Barcelona, 2015 Aquesta tesi doctoral ha estat desenvolupada amb el suport d’una una beca predoctoral FPU concedida pel Ministeri d’Educació i Ciència. El finançament econòmic de la recerca ha anat a càrrec dels projectes dels Ministeris de Ciència i Tecnologia CGL2007-64839-C02-01-02/BOS, CGL2010-22234-C01-2/BOS, CGL2013-49097-C2-2-P, així com del suport de la Generalitat de Catalunya a Grups de Recerca de Catalunya (SGR): 2009/SGR/00439, 2014/SGR/00514. A la meva mare Agraïments Aquesta tesi s’ha dut a terme durant un llarg període de temps durant el qual he estat col·laborant amb moltes persones han fet possible aquest treball i a les quals vull expressar el meu agraïment. En primer lloc, voldria agrair el suport i l’ajut dels meus directors de tesi, els Drs. Joan Vallès, Jaume Pellicer i Teresa Garnatje, que han vetllat perquè aquest treball arribés a bon port. La vostra encomanadissa passió per la ciència ha estat i continua sent una enorme font d’inspiració i motivació. Gràcies de la dedicació sense límits que heu posat en aquest projecte, de l’exigència perfecta que sempre heu sabut demanar i de la qualitat humana que heu demostrat des del primer dia. Qui em coneix bé, segurament m’ho haurà sentit dir més d’una vegada: “no podria haver tingut millors directors de tesi”. També voldria donar les gràcies a tots els meus companys i companyes que formen o han format part del grup de recerca EtnoBioFiC, especialment al Dr. Alfredo García- Fernández i a la Dra. Oriane Hidalgo, amb qui he compartit molts treballs que s’inclouen en aquesta tesi. L’Alfredo m’ha ofert tota la seva experiència en el món de la filogeografia i la genètica de poblacions, s’ha passat mil hores ajudant-me amb les anàlisis d’ordinador i sempre m’ha fet un cop de mà en tot el que he necessitat. Espero que en el futur podrem continuar compartint treballs, recol·leccions, dinars, congressos i anècdotes. A l’Oriane li he d’agrair que hagi acceptat ser una part tan important d’aquesta tesi, que volgués compartir els seus projectes amb mi i que sempre hagi estat disposada a ajudar en qualsevol cosa que necessités. Moltes gràcies també a la Dra. Sònia Garcia, la Dra. Esperança Carrió, el Dr. Ugo d’Ambrosio, el Dr. Ismael Sánchez, la Gemma Mas de Xaxars, l’Airy Gras, la Ginesta Serrasolses, la Carmen Guerrero i la Joana Aragay. Sou uns col·legues fantàstics i és un autèntic plaer compartir grup de recerca, projectes, reunions i bons moments amb vosaltres. El meu agraïment a tot el personal de l’Institut Botànic de Barcelona pel temps, la disposició i l’amabilitat que m’ha dedicat durant aquests anys. El Miquel Veny ha tingut una cura excepcional de la col·lecció de Cheirolophus als vivers, arreglant els estralls que fèiem a les plantes per aconseguir material pels nostres experiments. La Míriam Aixart, del Jardí Botànic de Barcelona, ens ha cedit les cambres de germinació i ens ha ajudat i donat consell sempre que ho hem necessitat. La Dr. Sara Lòpez-Viñallonga ha tingut una paciència infinita per a resoldre els meus reiterats dubtes al laboratori. El Samuel Pyke ha corregit l’anglès de molts dels textos que hem enviat per a publicar. La Montserrat Roig ha fet fàcils els complicats tràmits administratius durant el final de la tesi. Moltes gràcies igualment a tots els altres companys i companyes de l’Institut Botànic: el Dr. Valentí Rull, la Dra. Encarnación Montoya, la Dra. Olga Margalef, la Dra. Núria Canyelles, l’Elisabet Safont, la Sandra Garcès, la Tania Ballesteros, l’Arantzazu Lara, el Juli López, el Dr. Alfonso Susanna, la Dra. Núria Garcia-Jacas, la Dra. Roser Vilatersana, el Dr. Jordi López, la Dra. Laia Barres, la Dra. Mercé Galbany, el Dr. Javi López, el Dr. Andreas Hilpold, la Dra. María Sanz, el Dr. Kostyantyn Romashchenko, el Dr. Juancho Calleja, el Sergi Massó, la Sònia Herranz, el Pau Carnicero, l’Almudena Galián, el Dr. Juan José Aldasoro, la Dra. Marisa Alarcón, la Sara García, el Dr. Josep Maria Montserrat, el Dr. Àngel Romo, la Karina Barros, la Isidora Manso, el Josep Aurell, la Natàlia Hervàs, l’Álvaro Meléndez, la Dra. Neus Ibáñez, la Neus Nualart, la Dra. Noemí Montes, la Dra. Diana Muñiz, la Laura Gavioli, el Jordi Pallàs, el Samuel Pyke, l’Anna M. Prats, la Trini Prunera, la Clara Mestres, la Rosa Fernández, la Carmen Ceballos, el Jose Giengi, la Maria Jiménez, el Fernando Gutiérrez, el Jordi Antúnez, el Joan Lambea i el Lluís Fernández. Poc o molt, cadascú de vosaltres m’heu ajudat, donat suport i heu col·laborat en aquesta tesi, i per tant, en formeu una part important. Vull igualment mostrar la meva sincera gratitud a tots els membres del Laboratori de Botànica de la Facultat de Farmàcia de la UB: el Dr. Cèsar Blanché, la Dra. Mª Antonia Ribera, la Dra. Amelia Gómez, el Dr. Jordi Rull, la Dra. Maruxa Suárez, la Dra. M. Carme Barceló, el Dr. Julià Molero, la Dra. Ana Rovira, la Dra. Maria Bosch, el Dr. Pep Vicens, el Dr. Carles Benedí, el Dr. Joan Simon, la Dra. Mariona Hernández, la Pilar Fernández, l’Eduard Calvet i en Màrius Mumbrú. La docència a les classes pràctiques de l’assignatura de Botànica farmacèutica ha estat una de les experiències més estimulants de tot el doctorat. Gràcies d’haver-me fet sentir com a casa des del primer dia. No voldria passar per alt totes les persones que m’han ajudat en les recol·leccions. L’agraïment és especial per al Dr. Arnoldo Santos-Guerra, que tantes vegades m’ha enviat material de Canàries, i amb qui vaig tenir la sort de compartir una campanya a Tenerife plena de rutes espectaculars i discussions apassionants sobre evolució insular. Moltes gràcies també al Dr. Jorge Paiva, que em va acompanyar en les recol·leccions portugueses, i a la Verónica Girón i al Dr. Enrique Sánchez-Gullón, que ens varen acompanyar en les complicades recol·leccions de Doñana. Igualment, vull agrair a tothom que ha collit material de Cheirolophus durant les seves recol·leccions -com ara la Dra.
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