DOCSLIB.ORG

Pest Risk Assessment of Monilinia Fructicola for the EU Territory and Identification and Evaluation of Risk Management Options1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pest Risk Assessment of Monilinia Fructicola for the EU Territory and Identification and Evaluation of Risk Management Options1 EFSA Journal 2011;9(4):2119 SCIENTIFIC OPINION Pest risk assessment of Monilinia fructicola for the EU territory and 1 identification and evaluation of risk management options EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH)2, 3 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACT The EFSA Panel on Plant Health has delivered a pest risk assessment on the risk posed by Monilinia fructicola to the EU territory and has identified risk management options and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by this organism. The Panel has also analysed the effectiveness of the special requirements presently listed in Annex IV, Part A, Section I of Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into the EU territory. The Panel concluded that the main pathways for entry into the EU territory are plant material for propagation purposes and fruit of host genera and that, with the exception of dried fruit, the probability of entry is very likely. The probability of establishment is also very likely due to the suitable environmental conditions and to the widespread presence of host species, susceptible for most of the year, on most of the risk assessment area. Cultural practices and control measures currently applied and competition with other Monilinia species cannot prevent the establishment of M. fructicola. The probability of spread is very likely because of the multiple ways of dispersal of the pest. The overall impact in the endangered area is estimated to be moderate. Neither additional cultural measures nor increased fungicide treatments would be needed to control of brown rot in the orchard after the introduction of M. fructicola. © European Food Safety Authority, 2011 KEY WORDS Blossom and twig blight, brown rot, Monilia fructicola, Prunus spp., Rosaceae, stone fruit. 1 On request from the European Commission, Question No EFSA-Q-2010-00912, adopted on 23 March 2011. 2 Panel members: Richard Baker, Thierry Candresse, Erzsébet Dormannsné Simon, Gianni Gilioli, Jean-Claude Grégoire, Michael John Jeger, Olia Evtimova Karadjova, Gábor Lövei, David Makowski, Charles Manceau, Maria Navajas, Angelo Porta Puglia, Trond Rafoss, Vittorio Rossi, Jan Schans, Gritta Schrader, Gregor Urek, Johan Coert van Lenteren, Irene Vloutoglou, Stephan Winter and Marina Zlotinae. Correspondence: [email protected] 3 Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Monilinia fructicola: Erzsébet Dormannsné-Simon, Paloma Melgarejo, Angelo Porta Puglia, Vittorio Rossi, Gerard van Leeuwen, Irene Vloutoglou for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion and EFSA staff: Sharon Cheek, Olaf Mosbach-Schulz and Sara Tramontini for the support provided to this scientific opinion. Suggested citation: EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH); Pest risk assessment of Monilinia fructicola for the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options. EFSA Journal 2011;9(4):2119. [155 pp.] doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2119. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal © European Food Safety Authority, 2011 Monilinia fructicola risk assessment SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risk posed by Monilinia fructicola (Winter) Honey to the EU territory and to identify risk management options and to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by this organism. The Panel was also requested to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the special requirements linked to M. fructicola, presently listed in Annex IV, Part A, Section I of Council Directive 2000/29/EC4, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into the EU territory. Having given due consideration to the evidence, the Panel concludes that: a. Entry of M. fructicola by means of plant propagation material, fresh fruits of susceptible genera and by natural means from infested European non-EU countries is very likely. It is very unlikely in case of dried fruit and natural means from infested non-European countries. In both cases the level of uncertainty is low. b. Establishment of M. fructicola in the risk assessment area is very likely with a low level of uncertainty because of the avaialability of host plants with a long period of susceptibility and of suitable environmental conditions. Competition from other Monilinia species (M. laxa and M. fructigena) and currently applied cultural practices and control measures cannot prevent the establishment of the pest. In addition, the pest has already been detected in several Member States in the risk assessment area (France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Spain). c. Spread of M. fructicola within the risk assessment area is very likely with a low level of uncertainty because of its multiple ways to spread (natural and human assisted), to the wide distribution of host species in the risk assessment area and the absence of effective barriers. d. Potential for yield reduction and negative effects on fruit production in orchards is estimated as moderate, with medium level of uncertainty mainly because of the incompleteness of data from the current area of distribution of the pest. Incidence and severity of the disease caused by the brown rot fungi, on flowers and twigs/branches are unlikely to increase compared to the situation in which only M. fructigena and M. laxa are present. The Panel identified the following risk management options as highly effective in reducing: a. The likelihood of entry of M. fructicola: (i) certification systems for plants for planting, (ii) control of movement of fruit or propagation material consignments by legislation from infested non-European countries and (iii) management of fruit waste b. The likelihood of establishment of M. fructicola: (i) certification systems for plants for planting c. The likelihood of spread and impact of M. fructicola: (i) certification systems for plants for planting and (ii) packaging of fruit, sanitation of packaging, storage facilities and means of transport The Panel identified the following risk management options as moderately effectives in reducing: 4 Council Directive 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community. OJ L 169, 10.7.2000, p. 1- 148. EFSA Journal 2011;9(4):2119 2 Monilinia fructicola risk assessment a. The likelihood of entry of M. fructicola: (i) control of movement of fruit or propagation material consignments by legislation from infested European countries and (ii) limiting end use of consignments b. The likelihood of establishment of M. fructicola: (i) cultural practices and chemical control, (ii) control of movement of fruit or propagation material consignments by legislation from infested European countries, (iii) limiting end use of consignments, (iv) sanitation measures (phytosanitary measures) of fruit or propagation material consignments, and (v) management of fruit waste. c. The likelihood of spread of M. fructicola: (i) cultural practices and chemical control, (ii) monitoring and surveillance of growing crop, (iii) postharvest inspection of fruit, (iv) sanitation measures (phytosanitary measures) of fruit or propagation material consignments, and (v) management of fruit waste d. The impact of of M. fructicola: (i) cultural practices and chemical control, (ii) monitoring and surveillance of growing crop, (iii) postharvest inspection of fruit, and (iv) sanitation measures (phytosanitary measures) of fruit or propagation material consignments Other available measures (postharvest treatment of fruit, visual inspection of fruit or plants for planting in orchard, biological control and resistant cultivars) have been considered by the Panel scarcely effective in reducing the risk to plant health posed by this organism. Regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of the special requirements linked to M. fructicola presently listed in Annex IV, Part A, Section I of Council Directive 2000/29/EC, the Panel recommends considering the following aspects: 1) M. fructicola is listed in Annex I, Part A, Section I, as a harmful organism not known to occur in any part of the Community and relevant for the entire Community while it occurs on several host plants in parts of the EU territory. 2) The special requirements linked to listing M. fructicola in Annex IV, Part A, Section I of Council Directive 2000/29/EC only partially contribute to reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into the EU territory, more specifically: ‐ In Art. 15 (i) the listed species (Chaenomeles Lindl., Crataegus L., Cydonia Mill., Eriobotrya Lindl., Malus Mill., Prunus L. and Pyrus L.) constitute only part of the range of the potential host plants of M. fructicola and (ii) the observation of symptoms (visual inspection) at the production site during the last complete cycle of vegetation is insufficient to determine freedom from M. fructicola. ‐ In Art. 16 (i) fruit Prunus L. genus is not the only one potential fruit pathway, (ii) the limitation from 15 February to 30 September doesn’t take into consideration that infected fruit can be imported from southern hemisphere before 15 February and after 30 September and stored, therefore imported fruit presents a risk all year round; (iii) inspection prior to harvest and/or export cannot ensure freedom from M. fructicola; (iv) treatment procedures prior to harvest (pre or post harvest) and/or
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of the Brown Bear Ursus Arctos As Seed Disperser: a Case Study with the Bilberry Vaccinium Myrtillus
    The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as seed disperser: a case study with the bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus Rola niedźwiedzia brunatnego Ursus arctos w rozprzestrzenianiu nasion: studium przypadku na przykładzie borówki czarnej Vaccinium myrtillus PhD thesis Alberto García-Rodríguez Kraków, 2021 To the memory of José Ignacio and Javier Rodríguez Val Female brown bear with two cubs of the year feeding on bilberry fruits in Tatra National Park (July 2020) “They thought they were burying you, they did not know they were burying a seed” Ernesto Cardenal, Nicaraguan priest, poet and politician PhD CANDIDATE mgr. ALBERTO GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Krakow, Poland SUPERVISOR dr. hab. NURIA SELVA FERNÁNDEZ Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Krakow, Poland CO-SUPERVISOR dr. JÖRG ALBRECHT Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F) Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The PhD thesis was prepared during doctoral studies in the Doctoral Study of Natural Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. CONTENTS SUMMARY…………..……………..…………………………...………………………………………………...5 STRESZCZENIE……...………….……………………………………………………………………………….8 INTRODUCTION……………………...………………………………………………….……………………...11 PAPER I The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser………………..…30 PAPER II The bear-berry connection: ecological and management implications of
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing the Right Tree to Plant
    Prunus / Cherry flower Choosing the right tree to plant Choosing what tree to plant can be difficult with the buildings, shading, overhanging roads and footpaths number of different species, cultivars and varieties that etc.? It may not be sensible to replace a large forest are currently available. There are a number of useful type tree in a small domestic garden with another one books and websites, but if you are still unsure it may be unless you are prepared to remove it before it outgrows useful to visit a garden or arboretum. There are some its situation. basic points that should be considered as follows. Benefits - as well as having obvious ornamental Soil - will the tree grow well in the soil in which is to be attributes, trees provide shelter, reduce temperature planted? Acidity, drainage and the type of soil will all extremes and produce oxygen. have a bearing. Some tree species are more specific than others as to their requirements. Once you have decided on your tree, the next step is to purchase it. Please bear in mind that if you have Local distinctiveness - what species grow naturally in removed a protected tree (that is one growing in a the area already? Native species are usually best for conservation area or subject to a tree preservation wildlife and ‘fit in’ with the landscape character and are order) there may either be a duty (as in the case of normally preferable to ornamental species. dead or dangerous trees) or a condition (in the case of a tree preservation order application) requiring the Available space - is the tree able to reach its full planting of a replacement tree.
    [Show full text]
  • And Neoendemism in a Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot
    Annals of Botany 119: 229–238, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw093, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON ENDEMISM HOTSPOTS Climatic and topographical correlates of plant palaeo- and neoendemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot Rafael Molina-Venegas1,*,†, Abelardo Aparicio1,Se´bastien Lavergne2 and Juan Arroyo1 1Departamento de Biologıa Vegetal y Ecologıa, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain and 2Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS Universite´ Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] †Current address: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Received: 7 January 2016 Returned for revision: 4 March 2016 Accepted: 31 March 2016 Published electronically: 9 June 2016 Background and Aims Understanding the evolutionary and ecological forces contributing to the emergence of biodiversity hotspots is of outstanding importance to elucidate how they may withstand current climate changes. Here we explored patterns of phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic plant endemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. We hypothesized that areas with wet and equable climatic conditions would be prone to long-term persist- ence of endemic lineages (palaeoendemism), whilst areas of recent local speciation (neoendemism) would be more related to harsher environmental conditions and to high topographical relief promoting speciation. Methods We focused on the Baetic–Rifan biodiversity hotspot (southern Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco) in combination with molecular phylogenetic information and relative phylogenetic endemism (RPE), a recent phylogenetic measure of endemism, allowing us to discern centres of palaeo- from those of neoendemism. Using eco-geographical regions as study units, we explored correlations between both RPE and endemic species richness with precipitation- and temperature-related variables and with elevation range.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Research Centre
    N a t u r e Research Centre VILNIUS 2015 UDK 502:001.891(474.5) Na251 Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius Telephone: +370 5 272 92 57 Fax: +370 5 272 93 52 e-maill: [email protected] http://www.gamtostyrimai.lt/en ISBN 978-9986-443-84-1 © Gamtos tyrimų centras, 2015 The State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre WELCOME, The State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre (NRC) was es- and biomedicine sci- tablished on 31 December 2009 under the Resolution of the Government of the ences and cooperation- Republic of Lithuania (Official Gazette, No. 158-7186, 2009) by merging the In- based solutions to stitute of Botany, the Institute of Ecology of Vilnius University and the Institute scientific tasks are the of Geology and Geography. The research potential and the experimental basis fundamental principles of the three institutes were integrated to create an up-to-date scientific research underlying the activities infrastructure for investigations into present-day and past ecosystems, as well of the NRC. In twenty as studies and development of environmental protection technologies. Uphold- five laboratories of the ing 70-year-old traditions and experience, the newly established NRC not only NRC, scientists carry pursues and co-ordinates long-term scientific research in various fields of biotic out investigations into and abiotic nature and ensures the competence of Lithuania on the interna- environmental state tional stage, but also takes an active role in the development and implementa- quality, natural ecosys- tion of a conceptual framework for the protection of the living environment tems, habitats, species, structure of communi- and its sustainable development, as well as disseminating scientific knowledge ties and populations, regularities and mechanisms of functioning, sensitiv- of biotic and abiotic environment, thus contributing to the development of the ity, vulnerability, genetic diversity, adaptations, microevolution under con- knowledge economy and education of society.
    [Show full text]
  • STUDY of VOLATILE COMPOUNDS of PYRUS MAMORENSIS (Trab
    Heimeur & al. / Mor. J. Chem. 4 N°1 (2016) 46-52 Study of volatile compounds of Pyrus mamorensis Trab. a characteristic plant of Mamora forest (north-western Morocco) N. Heimeur*(a), L. M. Idrissi Hassani (a), M. A. Serghini (b) and J. M. Bessiere (c) (a) : Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology LBV, Department of biology, Faculty of sciences BP 8106, Ibnou Zohr University Agadir 80 000, Morocco. (b) : Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resource LBVRN, Department of biology, Faculty of sciences BP 8106, Ibnou Zohr University Agadir 80 000 Morocco. (c) : Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry, Hight National School of Chemistry, 34296 Montpellier cedex 5. France. * Corresponding author. Email : [email protected], Received 01 Oct 2015, Revised 10 Jan 2016, Accepted 14 Jan 2016 Abstract Pyrus mamorensis Trab. commonly called “wild pear” was considered for long time as an endemic of the Mamora forest of Morocco (north-west). Although lack of protection and it is threatened with extinction in its range, this tree is of great interest due to its ecological and medicinal properties. This study focused on evaluation of volatiles in Pyrus mamorensis for its valorisation as a natural resource. So, the volatile compounds from different parts (leaves, stems, fruits, and flowers) were investigated after extraction by cold maceration in ethyl ether and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry (GC - MS). Thirty one (31) compounds were identified and quantified including fifteen (15) terpenes, seven (7) alcans, two (2) aldehydes, four (4) esters and three (3) allyl alkoxybenzen derivatives. Estragol was the dominant component of the plant and that was only detected in leaves (83,09 %), while hexadecane (36,92 %) and allyl hexanoate (29,39 %) were mainly detected in the stems.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Comparison of Quickbird and ADS40-SH52
    Forests 2014, 5, 1304-1330; doi:10.3390/f5061304 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Article Evaluation and Comparison of QuickBird and ADS40-SH52 Multispectral Imagery for Mapping Iberian Wild Pear Trees (Pyrus bourgaeana, Decne) in a Mediterranean Mixed Forest Salvador Arenas-Castro 1,*, Juan Fernández-Haeger 2 and Diego Jordano-Barbudo 2 1 Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 (Suchdol), Czech Republic 2 Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology (Area of Ecology), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14071, Spain; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.F.-H.); [email protected] (D.J.-B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-22-438-2144; Fax: +420-23-438-1848. Received: 9 January 2014; in revised form: 15 April 2014 / Accepted: 29 May 2014 / Published: 11 June 2014 Abstract: The availability of images with very high spatial and spectral resolution from airborne sensors or those aboard satellites is opening new possibilities for the analysis of fine-scale vegetation, such as the identification and classification of individual tree species. To evaluate the potential of these images, a study was carried out to compare the spatial, spectral and temporal resolution between QuickBird and ADS40-SH52 imagery, in order to discriminate and identify, within the mixed Mediterranean forest, individuals of the Iberian wild pear (Pyrus bourgaeana). This is a typical species of the Mediterranean forest, but its biology and ecology are still poorly known.
    [Show full text]
  • Resilience at the Border: Traditional Botanical Knowledge Among Macedonians and Albanians Living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania
    Pieroni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2014, 10:31 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/31 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access Resilience at the border: traditional botanical knowledge among Macedonians and Albanians living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania Andrea Pieroni1*, Kevin Cianfaglione2, Anely Nedelcheva3, Avni Hajdari4, Behxhet Mustafa4 and Cassandra L Quave5,6 Abstract Background: Ethnobotany in South-Eastern Europe is gaining the interest of several scholars and stakeholders, since it is increasingly considered a key point for the re-evaluation of local bio-cultural heritage. The region of Gollobordo, located in Eastern Albania and bordering the Republic of Macedonia, is of particular interest for conducting ethnobiological studies, since it remained relatively isolated for the larger part of the 20th Century and is traditionally inhabited by a majority of ethnic Macedonians and a minority of Albanians (nowadays both sharing the Muslim faith). Methods: An ethnobotanical survey focused on local food, medicinal, and veterinary plant uses was conducted with 58 participants using open and semi-structured interviews and via participant observation. Results: We recorded and identified 115 taxa of vascular plants, which are locally used for food, medicinal, and veterinary purposes (representing 268 total plant reports). The Macedonian Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) was greater than the Albanian TEK, especially in the herbal and ritual domains. This phenomenon may be linked to the long socio-cultural and linguistic isolation of this group during the time when the borders between Albania and the former Yugoslavia were completely closed. Moreover, the unusual current food utilisation of cooked potatoes leaves, still in use nowadays among Macedonians, could represent the side effect of an extreme adaptation that locals underwent over the past century when the introduction of the potato crop made new strategies available for establishing stable settlements around the highest pastures.
    [Show full text]
  • A Common Threat to IUCN Red-Listed Vascular Plants in Europe
    Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular plants in Europe Author Ballantyne, Mark, Pickering, Catherine Marina Published 2013 Journal Title Biodiversity and Conservation DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0569-2 Copyright Statement © 2013 Springer. This is an electronic version of an article published in Biodiversity and Conservation, December 2013, Volume 22, Issue 13-14, pp 3027-3044. Biodiversity and Conservation is available online at: http://link.springer.com/ with the open URL of your article. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/55792 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Manuscript 1 Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular 1 2 3 4 2 plants in Europe 5 6 7 8 3 *Mark Ballantyne and Catherine Marina Pickering 9 10 11 12 4 Environmental Futures Centre, School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 13 14 5 Queensland 4222, Australia 15 16 17 18 6 *Corresponding author email: [email protected], telephone: +61(0)405783604 19 20 21 7 22 23 8 24 25 9 26 27 28 10 29 30 11 31 32 12 33 34 13 35 36 37 14 38 39 15 40 41 16 42 43 17 44 45 46 18 47 48 19 49 50 20 51 52 21 53 54 55 22 56 57 23 58 59 24 60 61 62 63 64 65 25 Abstract 1 2 3 4 26 Tourism and recreation are large industries employing millions of people and contribute over 5 6 27 US$2.01 trillion to the global economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2
    Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2 2 A.R.T. nursery ..... Vol 2, No 4, page 2 Acorns, edible from oaks ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Aaron, J R & Richards: British woodland produce (book review) ..... Acorns, harvesting ..... Vol 5, No 4, Vol 1, No 4, page 34 page 3 Abies balsamea ..... Vol 8, No 2, page Acorns, nutritional composition ..... 31 Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies sibirica ..... Vol 8, No 2, page 31 Acorns, removing tannins from ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies species ..... Vol 19, No 1, page 13 Acorns, shelling ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Acca sellowiana ..... Vol 9, No 3, page 4 Acorns, utilisation ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Acer macrophyllum ..... Vol 16, No 2, page 6 Acorus calamus ..... Vol 8, No 4, page 6 Acer pseudoplatanus ..... Vol 3, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 10 Acer saccharum ..... Vol 16, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta, cultivars ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 14 Acer saccharum - strawberry agroforestry system ..... Vol 8, No 1, Actinidia arguta, description ..... Vol page 2 1, No 4, page 10 Acer species, with edible saps ..... Vol Actinidia arguta, drawings ..... Vol 1, 2, No 3, page 26 No 4, page 15 Achillea millefolium ..... Vol 8, No 4, Actinidia arguta, feeding & irrigaton page 5 ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 11 3 Actinidia arguta, fruiting ..... Vol 1, Actinidia spp ..... Vol 5, No 1, page 18 No 4, page 13 Actinorhizal plants ..... Vol 3, No 3, Actinidia arguta, nurseries page 30 supplying ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 16 Acworth, J M: The potential for farm Actinidia arguta, pests and diseases forestry, agroforestry and novel tree ....
    [Show full text]
  • Peach Brown Rot: Still in Search of an Ideal Management Option
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Universidad de Zaragoza agriculture Review Peach Brown Rot: Still in Search of an Ideal Management Option Vitus Ikechukwu Obi 1,2, Juan José Barriuso 2 and Yolanda Gogorcena 1,* ID 1 Experimental Station of Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda de Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; [email protected] 2 AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-97-671-6133 Received: 15 June 2018; Accepted: 4 August 2018; Published: 9 August 2018 Abstract: The peach is one of the most important global tree crops within the economically important Rosaceae family. The crop is threatened by numerous pests and diseases, especially fungal pathogens, in the field, in transit, and in the store. More than 50% of the global post-harvest loss has been ascribed to brown rot disease, especially in peach late-ripening varieties. In recent years, the disease has been so manifest in the orchards that some stone fruits were abandoned before harvest. In Spain, particularly, the disease has been associated with well over 60% of fruit loss after harvest. The most common management options available for the control of this disease involve agronomical, chemical, biological, and physical approaches. However, the effects of biochemical fungicides (biological and conventional fungicides), on the environment, human health, and strain fungicide resistance, tend to revise these control strategies. This review aims to comprehensively compile the information currently available on the species of the fungus Monilinia, which causes brown rot in peach, and the available options to control the disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 1 Authors, Reviewers, Draft Log ........................................................................................ 3 Introduction to Reference ................................................................................................ 5 Introduction to Stone Fruit ............................................................................................. 10 Arthropods ................................................................................................................... 16 Primary Pests of Stone Fruit (Full Pest Datasheet) ....................................................... 16 Adoxophyes orana ................................................................................................. 16 Bactrocera zonata .................................................................................................. 27 Enarmonia formosana ............................................................................................ 39 Epiphyas postvittana .............................................................................................. 47 Grapholita funebrana ............................................................................................. 62 Leucoptera malifoliella ........................................................................................... 72 Lobesia botrana ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • EU-Spain Cherry RA.Docx
    Importation of Cherry [Prunus avium United States (L.) L.] from Continental Spain into Department of Agriculture the Continental United States Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Pest March 12, 2015 Risk Assessment Version 3 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Cherries from Continental Spain Executive Summary The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prepared this risk assessment document to examine plant pest risks associated with importing commercially produced fresh fruit of cherry [Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosaceae)] for consumption from continental Spain into the continental United States. Based on the scientific literature, port-of-entry pest interception data, and information from the government of Spain, we developed a list of all potential pests with actionable regulatory status for the continental United States that are known to occur in continental Spain and that are known to be associated with the commodity plant species anywhere in the world. From this list, we identified and further analyzed 9 organisms that have a reasonable likelihood of being associated with the commodity following harvesting from the field and prior to any post-harvest processing. Of the pests
    [Show full text]