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Proceedings of Workshop on Gene Conservation of Tree Species–Banking on the Future May 16–19, 2016, Holiday Inn Mart Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Proceedings of Workshop on Gene Conservation of Tree Species–Banking on the Future May 16–19, 2016, Holiday Inn Mart Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, USA United States Department of Agriculture Proceedings of Workshop on Gene Conservation of Tree Species–Banking on the Future May 16–19, 2016, Holiday Inn Mart Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, USA Forest Pacific Northwest General Technical Report September Service Research Station PNW-GTR-963 2017 Pacific Northwest Research Station Web site http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw Telephone (503) 808-2592 Publication requests (503) 808-2138 FAX (503) 808-2130 E-mail [email protected] Mailing address Publications Distribution Pacific Northwest Research Station P.O. Box 3890 Portland, OR 97208-3890 Disclaimer Papers were provided by the authors in camera-ready form for printing. Authors are responsible for the content and accuracy. Opinions expressed may not necessarily reflect the position of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.Department of Agriculture of any product or service. Technical Coordinators Richard A. Sniezko is center geneticist, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Dorena Genetic Resource Center, 34963 Shoreview Road, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 (e-mail address: [email protected]) Gary Man is a Forest health special- ist, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, 201 14th St SW 3rd FL CE, Washington DC 20024 (e-mail address: [email protected]) Valerie Hipkins is lab director, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, National Forest Genetics Laboratory, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667 (e-mail address: [email protected]) Keith Woeste is research geneti- cist, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station’s Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (e-mail address: [email protected]) David Gwaze is national silviculturist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 201 14th Street S.W., Washington, DC 20024. (e-mail address: [email protected]) John T. Kliejunas is regional forest pathologist (retired), U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, 1323 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592-1110 (e-mail address: [email protected]) Brianna A. McTeague is biological science technician, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Dorena Genetic Resource Center, 34963 Shoreview Road, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 (e-mail address: [email protected]). Cover photo by Molly Oppliger Proceedings of Workshop on Gene Conservation of Tree Species—Banking on the Future May 16–19, 2016 Holiday Inn Mart Plaza Chicago, Illinois, USA Richard A. Sniezko, Gary Man, Valerie Hipkins, Keith Woeste, David Gwaze, John T. Kliejunas, and Brianna A. McTeague Technical Coordinators U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, Oregon General Technical Report PNW-GTR-963 September 2017 Preface Trees play an important and critical role in our forests and woodlands. People depend on trees for food, fuel, paper and wood products, recreation, and liveli- hoods. Trees are the foundation of biodiversity, creating functioning ecosystems that provide clean air, water, and other benefits. The “Gene Conservation of Trees – Banking on the Future” workshop brought together people with a broad array of perspectives and from varying organizations to discuss and explore collabora- tive solutions to conserve the genetic tree material that could one day provide the product that cures cancer, or advances the social and economic well-being of our society. This unique meeting provided an opportunity for genetic conservationists from botanic gardens and arboreta, universities, the Forest Service, and other state and federal agencies to meet, often for the first time. To strengthen and formalize this growing relationship, the American Public Gardens Association, the Botanic Gardens Conservation International, the Center for Plant Conservation, and the Plant Conservation Alliance signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Forest Service at the meeting. The MOU sets up a framework for collaboratively sharing information and genetic material, conducting research of mutual interest, and developing activities that enhance in situ and ex situ genetic conservation of at-risk tree species. Much of the meeting focused on the current work of conservationists with an eye to the future, but we must not forget, and in fact build upon, the work of our predecessors. The efforts of Thomas Ledig, Bruce Zobel, Gene Namkoong and many others set the ground-work for much of what we do today in tree genetic con- servation in the U.S. and internationally. With an understanding and appreciation for past accomplishments, present work, and future opportunity, we will be able to achieve much more through effective collaboration than we can realize through individual efforts. We look forward to engaging with genetic conservationists as we work together for our future Organizing Committee Gary Man, US Forest Service, Washington DC Valerie Hipkins, US Forest Service, Placerville CA David Gwaze, US Forest Service, Washington DC Richard Sniezko, US Forest Service, Cottage Grove, OR Keith Woeste, US Forest Service, West Lafayette, IN Andy Bower, US Forest Service, Olympia WA Matt Horning, US Forest Service, Bend OR Richard Zabel, Western Forestry and Conservation Association, Portland OR Murphy Westwood, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL Sean Hoban, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL Chai Shian Kua, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL Catherine Bechtoldt, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL Pam Allenstein, American Public Garden Association, Kennett Square, PA Pat Herendeen, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL Abby Hird, Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Claremont, CA Christina Walters, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO Conference Sponsors • USDA Forest Service • The Morton Arboretum • Chicago Botanic Garden • Botanic Gardens Conservation International • USDA Agricultural Research Service • Western Forestry and Conservation Association • American Public Garden Association • Global Trees Campaign Acknowledgments The impetus for this workshop came from a 2007 USFS workshop on Genetic Conservation held at Dorena Genetic Resource Center in 2007, and Gary Man’s subsequent proposal at the USFS’s 2014 Project Capture meeting in Nebraska. We would like to thank USFS Forest Health Protection and National Forest System for their financial support of the workshop and proceedings. We would also like to thank Bruce Moltzan and Clare Trivedi for assistance in reviewing some of the submissions for the proceedings. And of course, a very special thanks to all the participants. Participants in the Gene Conservation of Tree Species–Banking on the Future workshop - May 16- 19, 2016, Holiday Inn Mart Plaza, Chicago, IL, USA (Photo: Murphy Westwood) Abstract Sniezko, Richard A.; Man, Gary; Hipkins, Valerie; Woeste, Keith; Gwaze, David; Kliejunas, John T.; McTeague, Brianna A., tech. cords. 2017. Gene conservation of tree species—banking on the future. Proceedings of a workshop. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-963. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 206 p. The ‘Gene Conservation of Tree Species—Banking on the Future Workshop’ pro- vided a forum for presenting and discussing issues and accomplishments in genetic conservation of trees, and notably those of North America. The meeting gathered scientists, specialists, administrators and conservation practitioners from federal, university, non-governmental and public garden institutions worldwide. The 81 submissions included in this Proceedings are from oral and poster presentations at the 2016 workshop held in Chicago, Illinois. They update the science and policy of genetic conservation of trees, showcase current successes, and provide guidance for future efforts. This Proceedings is complemented by 11 related papers gathered in a special issue of the journal New Forests (Vol 48, No. 2, 2017). In addition to plenary talks that provided overviews of some national and international efforts, there were concurrent sessions with themes of Conservation Strategies, Pest and Pathogen Resistance, Genetic Conservation, Tools for Tree Genetic Conservation, Conserva- tion Program Case Studies, Designing Seed Collections, Ex Situ Conservation, and Science in Support of Conservation. The meeting was also the venue for special sessions on Coordinating the Red List of North American Tree Species, Innovative Approaches for Assessing and Prioritizing Tree Species and Populations for Gene Conservation, Community Standards for Genomic Resources, Genetic Conserva- tion and Data Integration, and Development of Seed Zones for the Eastern U.S., and a group discussion on Improving Genetic Conservation Efforts. Key words: Genetic conservation, threatened & endangered species, climate change, in situ, ex situ Contents Plenary Talks 1 The Importance of Gene Conservation in the USDA Forest Service Robert D. Mangold 2 Plant Conservation Progress in the United States Kayri Havens, Andrea Kramer, and Ed Guerrant 3 Forest Gene Conservation From the Perspective of the International Community M. Hosny El-Lakany 4 BGCI’s Role in Co-ordinating a Botanic Garden-Centred Global System for the Conservation of All Tree Diversity Paul Smith Special Sessions 5 Improving Genetic Conservation of Tree Species Pam Allenstein, Jennifer DeWoody, David Gwaze, Valerie Hipkins, Gary Man, Anna Schoettle, Kirsty Shaw,
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