Faith-Based Organizations in Development Discourses and Practice Exploring faith-based organizations (FBOs) in current developmental discourses and practice, this book presents a selection of empirical in-depth case-studies of Christian FBOs and assesses the vital role credited to FBOs in current discourses on development. Examining the engagement of FBOs with contemporary politics of development, the contributions stress the agency of FBOs in diverse contexts of development policy, both local and global. It is emphasised that FBOs constitute boundary agents and developmental entrepreneurs: they move between different discursive fields such as national and international development discourses, theological discourses, and their specific religious constituencies. By combining influxes from these different contexts, FBOs generate unique perspectives on development: they express alternative views on development and stress particular approaches anchored in their theological social ethics. This book should be of interest to those researching FBOs and their interaction with international organizations, and to scholars working in the broader areas of religion and politics and politics and development. Jens Koehrsen is Professor of Religion and Economy at the University of Basel. Andreas Heuser is Professor for Extra-European Christianity at the University of Basel. Routledge Studies in Religion and Politics Edited by Jeffrey Haynes London Metropolitan University, UK This series aims to publish high quality works on the topic of the resurgence of political forms of religion in both national and international contexts. This trend has been especially noticeable in the post-cold war era (that is, since the late 1980s). It has affected all the ‘world religions’ (including, Buddhism, Christian- ity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism) in various parts of the world (such as, the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa). The series welcomes books that use a variety of approaches to the subject, drawing on scholarship from political science, international relations, security studies, and contemporary history. Books in the series explore these religions, regions and topics both within and beyond the conventional domain of ‘church-state’ relations to include the impact of religion on politics, conflict and development, including the late Samuel Hun- tington’s controversial – yet influential – thesis about ‘clashing civilisations’. In sum, the overall purpose of the book series is to provide a comprehensive survey of what is currently happening in relation to the interaction of religion and politics, both domestically and internationally, in relation to a variety of issues. For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Routledge-Studies-in-Religion-and-Politics/book-series/RSRP Racialization, Islamophobia and Mistaken Identity The Sikh Experience Jagbir Jhutti-Johal and Hardeep Singh Religion in the Era of Postsecularism Edited by Uchenna Okeja War and Religion in the Secular Age Faith and Interstate Armed Conflict Onset Davis Brown Faith-Based Organizations in Development Discourses and Practice Edited by Jens Koehrsen and Andreas Heuser For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com Faith-Based Organizations in Development Discourses and Practice Edited by Jens Koehrsen and Andreas Heuser First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Jens Koehrsen and Andreas Heuser; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Jens Koehrsen and Andreas Heuser to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Koehrsen, Jens, editor. | Heuser, Andreas, 1961– editor. Title: Faith-based organizations in development discourses and practice / edited by Jens Koehrsen and Andreas Heuser. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in religion and politics | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019036273 (print) | LCCN 2019036274 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367367565 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429351211 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Religious institutions—Developing countries. | Economic development—Religious aspects—Christianity. | Economic assistance—Developing countries. | Church and state—Developing countries. Classification: LCC BR115.U6 F35 2020 (print) | LCC BR115.U6 (ebook) | DDC 361.7/5091724—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019036273 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019036274 ISBN: 978-0-367-36756-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-35121-1 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of tables vi List of contributors vii Foreword ix 1 Beyond established boundaries: FBOs as developmental entrepreneurs 1 JENS KOEHRSEN AND ANDREAS HEUSER 2 From missionaries to ecumenical co-workers: a case study from Mission 21 in Kalimantan, Indonesia 30 CLAUDIA HOFFMANN 3 Mobilising evangelicals for development advocacy: politics and theology in the Micah Challenge campaign for the Millennium Development Goals 57 DENA FREEMAN 4 World Vision and ‘Christian values’ at the United Nations 86 JEFFREY HAYNES 5 Giving and development: ethno-religious identities and ‘holistic development’ in Guyana 113 SINAH THERES KLOß 6 Contextualized development in post-genocide Rwanda: exploring the roles of Christian churches in development and reconciliation 139 CHRISTINE SCHLIESSER Index 162 Tables 4.1 World Vision operating revenue, 2013–2015 89 4.2 Sustainable Development Goals: improved outcomes for children 97 4.3 World Vision’s advocacy at the UN and at the country level in pursuit of child- and women-focused goals 98 5.1 Religious affiliations in Guyana, National Census 2012 124 Contributors The editors Jens Koehrsen is Professor of Religion and Economy at the University of Basel. His research interests include religion and sustainable development, social dif- ferentiation, low carbon transitions, sociological theory and qualitative research methods. Andreas Heuser is Professor for Extra-European Christianity at the University of Basel. His research covers mission history in Africa, African Instituted Churches (AIC) and the Pentecostal movement as well as migrant Christianity in Germany and Switzerland. The contributors Dena Freeman is Senior Visiting Fellow in the Department of Anthropology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Her research interests include religion and development, globalisation, social justice, democracy and inequality. Jeffrey Haynes is Emeritus Professor of Politics at London Metropolitan Univer- sity. His research interests include religion and international relations, religious and development and religion and democratisation. Claudia Hoffmann is a post-doc researcher for Extra-European Christianity at the Faculty of Theology in Basel, Switzerland,. Her research interests include her- meneutics of the stranger, religion and migration, history of religion and mission in Southeast Asia with a focus on Indonesia. Sinah Theres Kloß is Research Associate at the Morphomata Center for Advanced Studies at the University of Cologne. Her research interests include the anthropology of religion, material culture studies, tattoo and dress, migration, and Caribbean Studies. viii Contributors Christine Schliesser is a lecturer in Systematic Theology/Ethics at Zurich Uni- versity, a Research Fellow at the Chair for Historical Trauma and Transforma- tion at Stellenbosch University and the scientific coordinator of the interfaculty research cooperation “Religious Conflicts and Coping Strategies” at Bern Univer- sity. Her research interests include peace and reconciliation studies, religion and sustainable development, public theology and the theology and ethics of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Foreword This book is the outcome of the fellow programme of the Centre for Religion, Economy, and Politics which was hosted at the University of Basel. Over the course of a two-year research collaboration between scholars from different dis- ciplines, we elaborated on “Religion and Development in the Global South”. The focus of this endeavour was faith-based organizations and their entanglements with various, sometimes conflicting, discursive fields in diverse geographical and political arenas. Given its interdisciplinary character and the intensive exchanges at our meetings, this collaboration has offered new perspectives and insights to those participating: Dena Freeman, Jeffrey Haynes, Andreas Heuser, Sinah Kloss, Jens Koehrsen, Christine Schliesser, and Claudia Hoffmann. Undertaking the fel- low programme and publishing this volume has only been possible due to the support