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The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner and Ernestina Jelovšek and Slavoj Žižek Milena Mileva Blaţić, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: [email protected]

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The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner and Ernestina Jelovšek and Slavoj Žižek Milena Mileva Blaţić, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: Milena.Blazic@Pef.Uni-Lj.Si American Journal of Humanities and Social Science (AJHSS) Volume 5, 2020 The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner and Ernestina Jelovšek and Slavoj Žižek Milena Mileva Blaţić, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: [email protected] Abstract In Slovenika – a collection of authors, works and/or editions that are related in motifs and topics to memory or Slovenian language, literature and culture, there are some remarkable examples. These include The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner(1439-1440), and the Spomini na Prešerna [Memories of Prešeren], 1883, 1903, by Ernestina Jelovšek. The article presents the monographs of the two authors, originally published in German and later translated into Slovenian. The first author is the medieval Helene Kottanner (1400-1470), who wrote The Memories of Helene Kottanner. The original manuscript is kept in the National Library of Vienna, under the title Die Denkwurdigkeiten der Helene Kottannerin (1439-1440). The other is a Slovenian author, Ernestina Jelovšek (1842-1917), who also wrote her memoirs in German,Erinnerungen an Dr. Franz Preširen, 1883, later published in Slovene under the title ofSpomini na Prešerna [Memories of Prešeren], 1903. The similarities between the two authors include the fact that they wrote their memoirs in German, on in the Middle Ages and the other in the Modern Period. Both received a negative connotation in literary history. Helene Kottanner wrote the first medieval memories, and Ernestina Jelovšek the first (Slovenian) modern memories. The first author has received a great deal of controversy in European literature and in non-literary circles because she has interfered with the political developments of Central Europe through her actions. Ernestina Jelovšek is better known as the only surviving child of the Slovenian national poet France Prešeren (1800-1849.) Regarding Prešeren, especially his romantic love for the rich and prestigious Julija Primic (1816-1864) is glorified, while the mother of their three children, Ana Jelovšek (1823-1875), is belittled. France Prešeren (1800-1849) and Ana Jelovšek (1823-1875) had three children together: Terezija, who died only six months old (15 October 1839-14 May 1840); Ernestina, who lived a long life, although in misery (18 December 1842 - 3 December 1917); and son France, who died at the age of nine (18 December 1845 - 8 August 1855).The romanticization of romantic love between Prešeren and Julija, unfortunately, overshadowedother aspects of Prešeren, for example, hisimage as a father, hisattitude toward the mother of his three children, mourning for his children, mourning for his six-month-old daughter and 10-year-old son, his relationship to Ernestina who considered him as an ideal as she herself wrote. Keywords: Helene Kottanner, Ernestina Jelovšek, Memoirs, Slavoj Ţiţek, Antigone, Joan of Arc 1 American Journal of Humanities and Social Science (AJHSS) Volume 5, 2020 Helene Kottanner(1400-1457) Helene Kottanner was a court lady and confidant of the Hungarian Queen Elizabeth, daughter of Barbara of Cilli (1392-1451) and Sigismund of Luxembourg (1368-1537). She implemented the plan of Ulrich II of Cilli (1406-1456) who attended the coronation of the three-month Ladislas (15 May 1440). The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner represent the first medieval women's memory (1439/40) and describe three dramatic events: 1) the only child, the daughter of Barbara of Cilli, Queen Elizabeth of Luxembourg, entrusted to her court lady Helene Kottanner (1400-1470) the theft of the Crown of St. Stephen (20-21 February 1440); 2) the birth of Ladislasthe Posthumus; and 3) the coronation of the three-month-old Ladislas (15 May 1440) as the king of Hungary. Dramatic period – three months (15 May 1440), is part of a large literary fresco of Central Europe, with the participation of the Counts of Cilli – Ulrich II, Barbara of Cilli, Elizabeth of Luxembourg, and Helene Kottanner. Dramatic times have been the subject of much debate, but it is a literary fact that the court lady and confidant, Helene Kottanner, wrote her memoirs, later titled The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner, where she described these dramatic events. From the point of view of the subjectivation of the authors, her Memoirs are valuable because she expresses herself in the Middle Ages as a subject:Me, Helene Kottanner.In addition to narrative style, descriptions of dramatic events, she added subtle elements (first-person self), a high level of literacy and etiquette (my gracious lady;the noble Count Urlich of Cilli;the noble queen;the noble queen with her young daughter; Miss Elizabeth; the Crown, which I carefully wrapped in cloth and placed it in the cradle; the noble king). Elizabeth, also called the ‘Young Queen’ by Helene, addressed Helene as her mother. There are many self-references considering the relatively short Memoirs (26 manuscript pages), and thenature of medieval times, probably because of the dramatic events, the personal attitude and the talent, e.g.: me, Helene Kottanner; However, ladies and maids, we are sitting around noble lineage,etc. Based on the textual signals in her Memoirs, it is evident that Helene was aware of both the responsibility and the addressee. "But you should know that the Archbishop put the Holy Crown on his head and held it, and that the child held his head as strong as if he was already a year old, which is rarely seen in children at the age of twelve week. Thus, when the noble King Lassla was crowned in my lap at the altar of Saint Stephen, I took the noble king high up to the small steps, as is customary." […] "But know this, red and white came together again only by accident." (Grdina 1999, 76). Helenealso wrote: "And if the crown had remained in Vyšehrad, it would surely have come into the hands of the one from Poland, as you will later hear. You see here how industrious the Devil was at the beginning and the end." (Grdina 1999, 72) In her Memoirs, Elizabeth was also written down as generous, giving Helen a hand, saying that she deservedly earned the recognition, and acknowledges Helena that she would not have wanted or could have done it. "Then the noble queen offered me her hand and said, ‘Stand up! If such be the will of God and all things shall work out well and peace comes, then I will exalt you and all your kindred; You have deserved all this, and you have done something for me and my children, which I myself would not have wanted or could have done. "Then I bowed again and thanked her grace for her good prospects." (Grdina 1999, 77) 2 American Journal of Humanities and Social Science (AJHSS) Volume 5, 2020 The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner, 1439-40 The court lady Helene Kottanner (1400–1470) lived in the late Middle Ages and was associated in her life and work with Barbara of Cilli (1392–1451), and especially with her daughter, Elizabeth of Luxembourg (1409–1442). Elizabeth gave birth to the princess Elizabethof Austria (1436-1505), Anna of Austria (1433-1462) andLadislas the Posthumus (1440-1457). Helene,née Wolfram (1400-1457i) was the daughter of a lower nobleman born in Odenburg (Sopron). In 1431, she married Johann Kottanner, a burgher from Vienna, and in 1436 she became a court lady and confidant at the court of King Albert II of Germany, king of Germany and Hungary. Helene became the court lady of Queen Elizabeth (1409-1442). Albert II died on 27 October 1439, when Helene began to write her memoirs because Elizabeth was five months pregnant and the courtiers wanted to immediately marry her to the sixteen-year-old Polish king Władysław III. She refused to marry, stating that the doctor had confirmed that she would have a son, so she and the Counts of Cilli planned to have her court lady and confidant Helena Kottanner steal the closely guarded crown from the vault. The narrative is dramatic as it was February and they needed to cover some 40 km by sleigh across a frozen lake, etc. Helena had two anonymous assistants. "When the time came, the one who shared the problems with me came through the chapel to the door and knocked. […] He took with him a servant who was supposed to help him, and his baptismal name was the same as his. […] I was so scared that I did not know what to do, as things could fail just because of the lights (candles)." (Grdina 1999, 62) "The one who shared the hardships with me" and "some servant" - Helena kept their names carefully hidden, because breaking into the fort was risky. It was necessary to physically break into the strictly guarded vault. The description of the burglary is remarkable, picturesque, dramatic, intense - literary. Helena hid the Crown of Saint Stephen in a pillow, but their journey was not linear, as the heavy-laden sleigh fell into a frozen lake. The most dramatic event is the description of childbirth - Elizabeth gave birth to a son only one hour after Helena brought him the crown. The midwife, who refused or was not allowed to participate in childbirth, also prevented the story to unravel in a linear manner. Thus, the event itself was described picturesquely: the stealing of the crown; the pregnant widow; the fall of the sleigh through the ice on the lake; the childbirth; the coronation of a twelve-week- old baby around whom, in difficult weather conditions, they stood in a form of a living shield. This event described by Helene Kottanner in her Memoirs is historical, as is her narrative style (I, know that, I have thus, I shall…), and the description of childbirth is anthological (e.g. chair used at childbirth). Her memoirs, entitled The Memoirs of Helene Kottanner, represent the first memorial literature written in the Middle Ages (Grdina, 1999, 10) and describe three dramatic events, 1) the daughter of Barbara of Cilli, Queen Elizabeth of Luxembourg, entrusted her Chamber Woman (Kammerfrau) Helene Kottanner with the theft of the Crown of St.
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