Tokyo Metropolitan Government Waste Landfill
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Tokyo Metropolitan Government Waste Landfi ll Site Central Breakwater Outer Landfi ll Site・New Sea Surface Disposal Site Photographed on February 26, 2014 Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Environment Layout Central Breakwater Inner Landfi ll Site 1 Area Approx. 195 ha Landfi ll area (waste) Approx. 78 ha 17 Landfi ll volume Approx. 12.3 million tonnes 13 4 5 18 16 14 15 9 2 12 12 9 Central Breakwater Outer Landfi ll Site 11 10 6 Phase 1 (dredged soil, soil from construction 3 sites) Tokyo Port 7 Seaside Road Central 8 Landfi ll area Approx. 115 ha Breakwater A Block Central Phase 2 (waste) Outer Breakwater Landfill Site Outer Landfill Site Landfi ll area Approx. 199 ha (Phase 1) (Phase 2) 115 ha 199 ha 20 ha New Sea Surface Disposal Site B Block Area (A-G) Approx. 480 ha 72 ha 3 G Block Landfi ll Capacity(A-G) Approx. 120 million m 73 ha C Block 69 ha Area(A-E) Approx. 319 ha New Sea Surface Disposal Site Landfi ll Capacity(A-E) Approx. 45.8 million m3 D Block 67 ha Super Eco Town Related Facilities F Block ⑰ PCB Waste Treatment Plant 88 ha (Operating from November 2005) E Block ⑱ Pyrolysis and Gasifi cation Power Generation 91 ha Plant (Operating from August 2006) Tokyo Metropolitan Government Clean Association of TOKYO23 ① Undersea Tunnel Passage No. 2 ⑧ Buff er Reservoir ⑬ Pulverized Waste Processing Facility ② Bureau of Environment, Central ⑨ Central Breakwater ⑭ Pulverization Processing Plant for Large-Size Breakwater Landfi ll Joint Offi ce ⑩ Wharf (marine transport unloading Waste ③ Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 1 facility) ⑮ Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center ④ Landfi ll-Gas Utilization Facility ⑪ Chubo-Ohashi Bridge ⑯ Chubo Ash Melting Facility ⑤ Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 3 ⑫ Tokyo Bayside Wind Power Plant ⑥ Nakashio-bashi Bridge (Tokyo Kazaguruma) ⑦ Facility to Wash Off Soil Double Steel-tubing Sheet Pile (Outer Landfi ll Site) To Sewage Rainfall after Processing Fence to prevent waste from Scattering Circuit Pipe Wastewater ※ Coating Stones Packing Sand Receiving Reservoir(Pump well) Foot Protection Stone Landfill Site (Stratum of waste) Replacement Sand Water Shielding Steel Sheet Pile Steel-tubing Sea Bottom Sheet Pile (Clay layer) Ground Improvement (Sand Compuction Pile) Seabed (Mixed Layer Sand, Gravel and Clay) ※Wastewater is rainwater that seeped through the stratum of waste to become polluted water. 1 Collection・Transport Intermediate Processing (23 Wards of Tokyo) (Clean Association of TOKYO23) Waste is collected and transported from To prolong the use of landfi ll sites, waste undergoes intermediate each district. processing before being used as landfi ll. The annual volume of Tokyo’s waste has signifi cantly increased since 1985, primarily due to changes in lifestyle and the social system of mass consumption and mass production. In 1989, the waste volume was at a record high of 4,900,000 tonnes. In the following years, the volume decreased, totaling 2,820,000 tonnes in 2013. Collection, Transport, Transfer Intermediate (Clean Association of TOKYO23) Final Processing (Operated in each ward) Processing (Consigned by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government) Landfill Site Site Landfill Outer Outer Breakwater Breakwater Central Site Site Disposal Surface Sea Sea Surface Disposal New Transfer Pulverized Waste Large-Size Processing Facility Waste Pulverization Processing Plant for Large-Size Reuse Recycling Waste Large-size centers, etc. Waste Incineration Plant Metal collection Metal/Aluminum Combustible collection Waste Incombustible- Used as Waste Slag Processing Center Ash Melting Facility Metal Land collection Transfer Chubo Incombustible- Transport by Waste Ship Processing Waste volume Center Total Incombustible 536,000 tonnes Waste ((1)+(2)+(3)) 23 Wards 2,820,000 tonnes Metal/Aluminum (1)360,000 Total Waste Volume (2013) collection tonnes Industrial waste (from small and medium-sized businesses) Intermediate processing plant (Pulverization, selection, etc.) (2) 46,000 tonnes Municipal waste (sludge and sewage sludge) (3)130,000 tonnes (2013) Garbage Collection Pulverization Processing Plant for Large-Size Waste Incineration Plant (Photo: Clean Association of TOKYO23) 2 Landfi ll Covering After intermediate processing, the waste is carried and dumped at When the waste reaches a certain thickness or when road specifi ed locations by trucks. construction is necessary, soil is applied to cover the waste. The waste is then laid down by bulldozers effi ciently and safely. Also, when the landfi ll is complete, a fi nal cover of soil is applied. Landfi ll Operation Covering Operation Cell Method Landfi ll Site Covered with Soil Each day’s garbage is covered with soil in one-day increments in order to prevent waste scattering and foul smells. Same-Day Soil Covering One-Day Garbage Cell Sandwich Method Landfi ll area covered with soil before laying down additional waste. Patrolling the Site 東京都環境局 In addition to managing Waste Covering landfill operations, workers patrol the site for About 3 m dangerous materials and About 50 cm to supervise insect pest control operations. They The Sandwich Method has the following merits. also handle any other (1) Prevents waste from scattering safety-related tasks. (2) Prevents the spread of off ensive odors (3) Prevents vermin (prevents incubation of insect eggs) (4) Prevents waste from burning (cuts off the air) Gas Well and Gas Gathering Lines Gas Drainage Landfi ll waste generates methane gas. To prevent fires from occurring, pipes are driven into the landfi ll to drain the gas. The gases that are emitted from the landfi ll site are collected, stored, and burned in gas turbines to produce electric power. 3 Wastewater Treatment Receiving Reservoir (Pump well) Buff er Reservoir Wastewater Treatment Plant The wastewater of the landfill site is After the wastewater quality is adjusted in Using various methods, the wastewater collected into a receiving reservoir located the buffer reservoir, the water is sent to the from the landfi ll undergoes purifi cation at the side of the peripheral road. wastewater treatment plant. at the treatment plant. Wastewater Treatment Flow The fi nal disposal management facility of the landfi ll site is cut off from the sea. If left on its own, the water from rainfall that gathers here would overfl ow. However, since the rainwater seeps through a stratum of waste to become polluted water, it is not fl ushed out to sea. Instead, following purifi cation at the waste- water treatment plant, the water is released into the sewage system. Sub sea pressure pipeline No.15 Site Wastewater Buffer (Wakasu, Koto Ward) 71 ha Wastewater Reservoir 150,000 m3 Inner Landfill Site 78 ha Wastewater Treatment Plant Outer Landfill Site 199 ha Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment Plant No.1 Plant No.3 4,500 m3 per day 11,500 m3 per day New Sea Surface Disposal Site (A,B) 92 ha Sub sea pressure pipeline Treated Wastewater Sewage Bureau of Sewerage Treated Sewage Water Recycling Center Tokyo Bay at Sunamachi Cost of wastewater treatmentVolume of wastewater treatment Quality of treatment water Others 2% New Sea Surface A 5% Electricity Expense 8% pH……7.5 (Sewage Discharge Standards:5~9) No.15 Repair Site 8% Nitrogen…29mg/L (Levels Agreed with the Bureau of Sewerage:120) Expense 13% Inner COD ……73mg/L (Levels Agreed with the Bureau of Sewerage:150) Landfill 2.4 billion yen Sewerage Site 14% 3.2 million m3 Outer Raw Water Quality at Treatment Plant 3 Charges Landfill Chemicals 2013 48% 2013 Site 53% pH ……………………………… 8.1 Expense 10% Nitrogen ………………………… 434mg/L New Sea COD …………………………… 322mg/L Operation Surface B 20% Management Consignations 18% 4 Landfi ll Site Transition (Approx. 1994) Garbage and incombustible (At Present) AfterAft intermediate i t di t processing, i waste t is i landfi l dfill lled d waste are used as landfi ll at the New Sea Surface Disposal Site. Ten Trend of Disposed Amount thousand tonnes 400 New Sea Surface (B Block) Landfi ll site performance New Sea Surface (A Block) (ten thousand tonnes) 350 Haneda Offshore Fiscal 2011 2012 2013 Central Breakwater Outer Landfill Disposal Site Year 300 Central Breakwater Inner Landfill Site Performance No.15 Site (Wakasu) value 60 56 54 250 No.14 Site (Yumenoshima) Others 200 150 100 50 0 1964 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2013 Year (Western Calender) Energy Eff ective Utilization Environment Learning At the Central Breakwater Inner and Outer Landfi ll Sites, electricity is generated using gas and natural sunlight. Landfi ll-Gas Utilization Facility (Micro gas turbine) Photovoltaic Generation System Power generation capacity (Maximum) 275 kW Power generation capacity 20 kW Gas used Approx. 1.6 million m3N per year Social studies fi eld trip of elementary Solar array panel 4.0 m×18.2 m×2 sets Composition of Gas Methane Approx. 55 % school students Module 178.6 W/module×112 modules Carbone dioxide Approx. 25 % The number of visitors in 2013 was approx. 38,000 Quality Polycrystalline silicon Elementary and Junior high school students totaled Nitrogen Approx. 15 % 〔〕approx. 33,000 Oxygen 1 % or less (2007 Ministry of the Environment granted project) Gas calorifi c value Approx. 18 MJ/m3N (Approx. 4,300 kcal/m3N ) (2005 project granted by NEDO) 5 Waste Disposal by Landfi ll Plan Having revised its “Waste Disposal by Landfi ll Plan” in February of 2012, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government is actively working to prepare waste disposal facilities. The revised plan includes an 18 % reduction in the volume of waste disposal by landfi ll compared with the previous plan. The volume of waste that is disposed of by landfi ll is expected to continue to change in response to shifting socioeconomic conditions and advances in waste treatment and recycling technologies. As a result, this “Waste Disposal by Landfi ll Plan” is being reviewed approximately every fi ve years. Waste Acceptance Policy by Type of Waste Type of Waste Acceptance Policy ・General waste produced by households, etc.