Tokyo Smart City Development in Perspective of 2020 Olympics
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EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation Tokyo Smart City Development in Perspective of 2020 Olympics Opportunities for EU-Japan Cooperation and Business Development Tokyo, April 2015 MINERVA Research Fellow Clarisse PHAM 1 Disclaimer and copyright The information contained in this publication reflects the views of the author and not necessarily the views of the EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation or the views of the European Commission or Japanese Authorities. While utmost care was taken to check and translate all information used in this study, the author and the EU-Japan Centre may not be held responsible for any errors that might appear. © EU-Japan Centre for industrial Cooperation 2 Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... 6 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 7 List of tables and figures ....................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 9 A. Background ............................................................................................................................... 9 B. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 10 C. Definition ................................................................................................................................ 10 I. How 2020 opens the door to many opportunities – the convergence of goals .................... 12 A. Tokyo’s background ............................................................................................................ 12 B. Tokyo’s governance: city planning, sustainability and the 2020 Games ................................ 13 1. Tokyo’s urban development governance ......................................................................... 13 2. Tokyo’s sustainable development governance ................................................................ 15 3. Tokyo 2020 governance: Games and sustainability ........................................................ 16 C. Tokyo’s energy and environment situation and policy ............................................................ 19 1. Energy supply and consumption in Tokyo ...................................................................... 19 2. Energy efficiency measures in Tokyo ............................................................................. 21 D. Energy efficiency measures in the TMA ............................................................................. 25 1. Public programmes ......................................................................................................... 25 2. Smart community projects in the TMA .......................................................................... 28 3. LG coordination on energy efficiency and environment ................................................. 31 4. Initiatives with the private sector .................................................................................... 32 E. Olympic Paralympic Games in 2020 and related urban smart development in Tokyo ........... 33 1. Green Games plans for Tokyo Games in 2020................................................................ 33 2. Green Games initiatives .................................................................................................. 35 3. Challenges to sustainable 2020 planning and implementation ....................................... 36 II. Assessment of cooperation opportunities between the EU and Japan ................................ 38 A. Assessment of the market’s attractiveness in Tokyo ........................................................... 38 1. Tokyo economy and smart city market ........................................................................... 38 2. Ongoing and upcoming changes in Tokyo ...................................................................... 42 B. Cooperation opportunities for the EU and Japan .................................................................... 45 1. Business .......................................................................................................................... 45 2. Research cooperation ...................................................................................................... 50 3. City-to-city cooperation .................................................................................................. 50 C. Barriers and obstacles to business ........................................................................................... 52 1. Complexity of networks and business practises .............................................................. 52 2. Competitiveness of the market ........................................................................................ 53 III. Conclusions and recommendations ..................................................................................... 56 1. To enterprises .................................................................................................................. 57 2. To public authorities........................................................................................................ 58 3 References ........................................................................................................................................... 59 Glossary of technical terms ................................................................................................................. 61 Annexes .............................................................................................................................................. 62 A. Olympic and Paralympic Games ......................................................................................... 62 1. Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games venues ............................................................. 62 2. Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games venue map (as of March 2015) ........................ 63 3. Tokyo 2020 Games Roadmap (as of February 2015) ..................................................... 64 B. Urban developments in Tokyo by 2020 .................................................................................. 65 1. Land prices in central Tokyo ........................................................................................... 65 2. Major construction works planned by 2020 (as of March 2015) .................................... 69 C. Smart community technology ................................................................................................. 68 D. Energy sector in Japan ........................................................................................................ 69 1. Summary of Japan’s power industry players .................................................................. 69 2. Electricity market structure in Japan ............................................................................... 69 3. Japan history of retail market reform .............................................................................. 70 4. Summary of smart metering plans of Japanese electricity utilities (as of September2014) 70 5. Nuclear power plants in Japan: location and safety reviews ........................................... 71 E. Smart community related networks and research organisations in Japan ............................... 73 F. Business in Japan .................................................................................................................... 74 1. Routes to market ............................................................................................................. 74 Indirect business with clients via agent ........................................................................... 74 Indirect business with clients via non-exclusive distributor(s) ....................................... 74 Indirect business with clients via sole-representative: .................................................... 75 2. Setting up a business in Japan ......................................................................................... 76 G. Contact points in Tokyo for EU companies intending to invest in Japan and for Japanese companies intending to invest in Europe ...................................................................................... 771 H. News about smart city related development in Japan ......................................................... 81 I. Upcoming smart city events in Japan ..................................................................................... 82 4 Abstract In 2020, Tokyo will host the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. As a result of their preparations, urban development has accelerated as the 2020 Olympics approach. Environment and sustainability are more and more promoted by the International Olympic Committee; and the Tokyo 2020 Committee in charge of