The Fourteenth and Seventeenth Century Project of Mathematical Physics
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Classical Age”
THE CULTURE OF DIVERSITY AND MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN ARAB ISLAMIC THOUGHT DURING THE “CLASSICAL AGE” Said Bensaid al Alaoui I – Introduction he “Classical Age” – in the sense that we use the term – refers to the period between the birth Tof Arab Islamic culture and the stage when it reached the pinnacle of its power and prosperity. Today we usually describe it as the “Arab Islamic heritage”. When we consider that heritage, we find that – regardless of how dynamic and productive it has been at certain times during the course of its existence – we are unable to place it in a particular historical period. For example, while we can say that “’Asr al Tadris” (the “Age of Scholarship”) saw the birth and burgeoning of numerous branches of Islamic knowledge – all of them related to the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet (particularly Hadith) – it would also be true to say that numerous other sciences associated with the Islamic heritage did not reach their zenith until later, when they began to emerge fully fledged in various parts of the Islamic world. Academic from Morocco. 35 THE CULTURE OF DIVERSITY AND MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN ARAB ISLAMIC It would also be wrong to tie the heritage exclusively to “’Asr al Tadwin” (the “Age of Literary Output”), since this would ignore the numerous Islamic sciences that saw the light of day during the fourth and fifth centuries AH, as well as the previously unrecognized centres of learning – such as Cairo, Cordoba and Fez (to name but a few) – in which those sciences came to fruition. -
Phoronomy: Space, Construction, and Mathematizing Motion Marius Stan
To appear in Bennett McNulty (ed.), Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science: A Critical Guide. Cambridge University Press. Phoronomy: space, construction, and mathematizing motion Marius Stan With his chapter, Phoronomy, Kant defies even the seasoned interpreter of his philosophy of physics.1 Exegetes have given it little attention, and un- derstandably so: his aims are opaque, his turns in argument little motivated, and his context mysterious, which makes his project there look alienating. I seek to illuminate here some of the darker corners in that chapter. Specifi- cally, I aim to clarify three notions in it: his concepts of velocity, of compo- site motion, and of the construction required to compose motions. I defend three theses about Kant. 1) his choice of velocity concept is ul- timately insufficient. 2) he sided with the rationalist faction in the early- modern debate on directed quantities. 3) it remains an open question if his algebra of motion is a priori, though he believed it was. I begin in § 1 by explaining Kant’s notion of phoronomy and its argu- ment structure in his chapter. In § 2, I present four pictures of velocity cur- rent in Kant’s century, and I assess the one he chose. My § 3 is in three parts: a historical account of why algebra of motion became a topic of early modern debate; a synopsis of the two sides that emerged then; and a brief account of his contribution to the debate. Finally, § 4 assesses how general his account of composite motion is, and if it counts as a priori knowledge. -
The Agent Intellect As" Form for Us" and Averroes's. Critique of Al-Farabi
Tópicos, Revista de Filosofía ISSN: 0188-6649 [email protected] Universidad Panamericana México Taylor, Richard C. The Agent Intellect as "form for us" and Averroes's. Critique of al-Farabi Tópicos, Revista de Filosofía, núm. 29, 2005, pp. 29-51 Universidad Panamericana Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=323027318003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative The Agent Intellect as "form for us" and Averroes's Critique of al-FarabT Richard C. Taylor Marquette University This article explicates Averroes's understanding of human knowing and abstraction in this three commentaries on Aristotle's De Anima. While Averroes's views on the nature of the human material intellect changes through the three commentaries until he reaches is famous view of the unity of the material intellect as one for all human beings, his view of the agent intellect as 'form for us' is sustained throughout these works. In his Long Commentary on the De Anima he reveals his dependence on al-Farabi for this notion and provides a detailed critique of the Farabian notion that the agent intellect is 'form for us' only as agent cause, not as our true formal cause. Although Averroes argues that the agent intellect must somehow be intrinsic to us as our form since humans 2tieper se rational and undertake acts of knowing by will, his view is shown to rest on an equivocal use of the notion of formal cause. -
Downloaded File
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329572822 Interpretation in Muslim Philosophy Book · January 2012 CITATIONS READS 0 323 1 author: Abduljaleel Alwali United Arab Emirates University 3 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Abduljaleel Alwali on 11 December 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Interpretation in Muslim Philosophy By Prof. Abdul Jaleel Kadhim Al Wali Philosophy Department Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE Phone: +971-50-663-6703 [email protected] Abstract Muslim philosophers had been preoccupied with the question of interpretation since the Islamic Philosophy was first developed by its founder Al Kindi till its interpretative maturity by Ibn Rushd who represents the maturity of rationalism in Islamic Arab philosophy. Rational option was the most suitable for Arab Muslim civilization as it expresses the vitality of civilization and its ability to interact with other contemporary civilizations and trends. Islamic philosophy interpretation themes are various as they adopted the following terms: 1. Interpreting the approval of the Greek philosophy in Muslim culture. 2. Interpreting the relationship between religion and philosophy. 3. Interpreting the relationship between Mind and Mind ( Plato and Aristotle ) 4. Interpreting the relationship between nature and Metaphysics. The goals of interpretation for Muslim philosophers are different as Al Kind pointed that they are oriented towards the Greek philosophy in general and towards religion and philosophy in particular while Al Farabi pointed that they are oriented towards the Greek philosophy in general and towards Plato and Aristotle. -
B Philosophy (General) B
B PHILOSOPHY (GENERAL) B Philosophy (General) For general philosophical treatises and introductions to philosophy see BD10+ Periodicals. Serials 1.A1-.A3 Polyglot 1.A4-Z English and American 2 French and Belgian 3 German 4 Italian 5 Spanish and Portuguese 6 Russian and other Slavic 8.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z Societies 11 English and American 12 French and Belgian 13 German 14 Italian 15 Spanish and Portuguese 18.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z 20 Congresses Collected works (nonserial) 20.6 Several languages 20.8 Latin 21 English and American 22 French and Belgian 23 German 24 Italian 25 Spanish and Portuguese 26 Russian and other Slavic 28.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z 29 Addresses, essays, lectures Class here works by several authors or individual authors (31) Yearbooks see B1+ 35 Directories Dictionaries 40 International (Polyglot) 41 English and American 42 French and Belgian 43 German 44 Italian 45 Spanish and Portuguese 48.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z Terminology. Nomenclature 49 General works 50 Special topics, A-Z 51 Encyclopedias 1 B PHILOSOPHY (GENERAL) B Historiography 51.4 General works Biography of historians 51.6.A2 Collective 51.6.A3-Z Individual, A-Z 51.8 Pictorial works Study and teaching. Research Cf. BF77+ Psychology Cf. BJ66+ Ethics Cf. BJ66 Ethics 52 General works 52.3.A-Z By region or country, A-Z 52.5 Problems, exercises, examinations 52.65.A-Z By school, A-Z Communication of information 52.66 General works 52.67 Information services 52.68 Computer network resources Including the Internet 52.7 Authorship Philosophy. -
Hayy Ibn Yaqzan: Una Novela Filosófica De Ibn Tufayl
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Córdoba ISSN: 0213-1854 Hayy ibn Yaqzan: Una novela filosófica de Ibn Tufayl (Hayy ibn Yaqzan: A Philosophical Novel by Ibn Tufayl) ROY JACKSON [email protected] University of Gloucestershire Fecha de recepción: 21 de febrero de 2017 Fecha de aceptación: 31 de marzo de 2017 Resumen: Trabajo que aborda el relato filosófico Hayy ibn Yaqzan, titulado así por el héroe de la historia y escrito por el filósofo musulmán Ibn Tufayl (1105- 1185). Fue la primera novela árabe y se anticipó a obras europeas como Robinson Crusoe, de Daniel Defoe, y Emile, de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, así como al pensamiento de varios filósofos occidentales, incluidos Locke y Kant. Este artículo investiga los temas filosóficos contenidos en la novela, centrados en las cuestiones filosóficas clave de “¿qué podemos saber?” Y “¿cómo podemos saber?” Estas preguntas acompañan al ser humano desde el comienzo de la filosofía y siguen siendo importantes actualmente con un debate tan polémico sobre la veracidad de la experiencia no empírica. Palabras clave: Neoplatonismo. Iluminacionismo. Marifa. Orientalismo. Abstract: This is the philosophical tale Hayy ibn Yaqzan, named after the hero of this story and written by the Muslim philosopher Ibn Tufayl (1105-1185). It was the first Arabic novel, and anticipated such European works as Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Emile, as well as the thought of a number of western philosophers including Locke and Kant. This paper will bring out the philosophical themes contained within the novel, centred on those key philosophical questions of ‘what can we know?’ and ‘how can we know?’. -
The Etienne Gilson Series 21
The Etienne Gilson Series 21 Remapping Scholasticism by MARCIA L. COLISH 3 March 2000 Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies This lecture and its publication was made possible through the generous bequest of the late Charles J. Sullivan (1914-1999) Note: the author may be contacted at: Department of History Oberlin College Oberlin OH USA 44074 ISSN 0-708-319X ISBN 0-88844-721-3 © 2000 by Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies 59 Queen’s Park Crescent East Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C4 Printed in Canada nce upon a time there were two competing story-lines for medieval intellectual history, each writing a major role for scholasticism into its script. Although these story-lines were O created independently and reflected different concerns, they sometimes overlapped and gave each other aid and comfort. Both exerted considerable influence on the way historians of medieval speculative thought conceptualized their subject in the first half of the twentieth cen- tury. Both versions of the map drawn by these two sets of cartographers illustrated what Wallace K. Ferguson later described as “the revolt of the medievalists.”1 One was confined largely to the academy and appealed to a wide variety of medievalists, while the other had a somewhat narrower draw and reflected political and confessional, as well as academic, concerns. The first was the anti-Burckhardtian effort to push Renaissance humanism, understood as combining a knowledge and love of the classics with “the discovery of the world and of man,” back into the Middle Ages. The second was inspired by the neo-Thomist revival launched by Pope Leo XIII, and was inhabited almost exclusively by Roman Catholic scholars. -
62F16fbeaf706c4a09c9a65a7f2c
TOWARDS THE MODERN THEORY OF MOTION Oxford Calculators and the new interpretation of Aristotle vol. IV Elżbieta Jung Robert Podkoński TOWARDS THE MODERN THEORY OF MOTION Oxford Calculators and the new interpretation of Aristotle Łódź 2020 Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński – University of Lodz Faculty of Philosophy and History, 90-131 Lodz, 3/5 Lindleya St., Poland Series Research on Science & Natural Philosophy, vol. IV EDITORIAL BOARD Jagna Brudzińska, Universität zu Köln Daniel A. Di Liscia, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Paweł Maślanka, University of Lodz Jean-Paul Pittion, Trinity College, Dublin Sabine Rommevaux-Tani, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris Elżbieta Żądzińska, University of Lodz REVIEWER Mikołaj Olszewski INITIATING EDITOR Natasza Koźbiał EDITORS Latin – Dariusz Gwis English – Guy Torr TYPESETTING Katarzyna Turkowska TECHNICAL EDITOR Anna Sońta COVER DESIGN Katarzyna Turkowska Cover Image: © depositphotos.com/Exi Printed directly from camera-ready materials provided to the Łódź University Press by Faculty of Philosophy and History © Copyright by Elzbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński, Łódź 2020 © Copyright for this edition by University of Łódź, Łódź 2020 NATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER, POLAND 2015/17/B/HS1/02376 Published by Lodz University Press Edition I. W.09767.20.0.K Printing sheets 28.75 ISBN 978-83-8220-327-1 e-ISBN 978-83-8220-328-8 Lodz University Press 90-131 Lodz, 8 Lindleya St. www.wydawnictwo.uni.lodz.pl e-mail: [email protected] phone. 42 665 58 63 Table of contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................... -
History of Islam
Istanbul 1437 / 2016 © Erkam Publications 2016 / 1437 H HISTORY OF ISLAM Original Title : İslam Tarihi (Ders Kitabı) Author : Commission Auteur du Volume « Histoire de l’Afrique » : Dr. Said ZONGO Coordinator : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Faruk KANGER Academic Consultant : Lokman HELVACI Translator : Fulden ELİF AYDIN Melda DOĞAN Corrector : Mohamed ROUSSEL Editor : İsmail ERİŞ Graphics : Rasim ŞAKİROĞLU Mithat ŞENTÜRK ISBN : 978-9944-83-747-7 Addresse : İkitelli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mahallesi Atatürk Bulvarı Haseyad 1. Kısım No: 60/3-C Başakşehir / Istanbul - Turkey Tel : (90-212) 671-0700 (pbx) Fax : (90-212) 671-0748 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.islamicpublishing.org Printed by : Erkam Printhouse Language : English ERKAM PUBLICATIONS TEXTBOOK HISTORY OF ISLAM 10th GRADE ERKAM PUBLICATIONS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE ERA OF FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS (632–661) / 8 A. THE ELECTION OF THE FIRST CALIPH .............................................................................................. 11 B. THE PERIOD OF ABU BAKR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (632–634) ....................................... 11 C. THE PERIOD OF UMAR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (634–644) ............................................... 16 D. THE PERIOD OF UTHMAN (May Allah be Pleased with him) (644–656) ........................................ 21 E. THE PERIOD OF ALI (May Allah be pleased with him) (656-661) ...................................................... 26 EVALUATION QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................................... -
William of Ockham (C.1287-1347)
HPS 322 Michael J. White History of Science Fall semester, 2013 The 14th century A.D.: A. (1) William of Ockham (c.1287-1347). (2) The ‘Oxford Calculators’ or ‘Mertonians’ (after Merton College, Oxford) of the 14th century: Thomas Bradwardine, William Heytesbury, Richard Swineshead, John Dumbleton. The graphic/geometrical representation of the ‘intension and remission of forms’ (of which ‘speed’ is only one). ‘Uniform’, ‘uniformly difform’, and ‘difformly difform’ continuous change (i.e., continuous qualitative ‘intension’ or increase and ‘remission’ or decrease–which includes intension/remission of speed). Statement and proof of a ‘mean-value theorem’: a body moving with at a constant speed v/2 travels the same distance s in a time t as does a body uniformly accelerated body from rest to speed v in the same time t. Representation of quantity of motion (distance traversed) as area of plane figure. B. Those associated with the University of Paris: Jean Buridan (ca. 1300-1361)–further development of impetus theory. Nicole Oresme (ca. 1323-1382). C. Oresme on commensurability/incommensurability of the orbital periods of the celestial bodies. Recollect that: magnitudes A and B are commensurable iff (if and only if) there exists some positive magnitude M that is a common ‘aliquot part’ of both A and B (i.e., there exist positive integers n and m such that A = M × n and B = M × m). Consider any spatial configuration S of alignment of celestial bodies (e.g., planets) P1 and P21 and assume that the periods of P and P2 (T1 and T2, respectively) are incommensurable. Will P12 and P ever again assume exactly that alignment S? Answer: no. -
Science in the Medieval Islamic World Was the Science Developed And
Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids in Persia, the Abbasid Caliphate and beyond, spanning the period roughly between 786 and 1258. Islamic scientific achievements encompassed a wide range of subject areas, especially astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. Medieval Islamic science had practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding. For example, astronomy was useful for determining the Qibla, the direction in which to pray, botany had practical application in agriculture, as in the works of Ibn Bassal and Ibn al-'Awwam, and geography enabled Abu Zayd al- Balkhi to make accurate maps. Islamic mathematicians such as Al- Khwarizmi, Avicenna and Jamshīd al-Kāshī made advances in algebra, trigonometry, geometry and Arabic numerals. Islamic doctors described diseases like smallpox and measles, and challenged classical Greek medical theory. Al-Biruni, Avicenna and others described the preparation of hundreds of drugs made from medicinal plants and chemical compounds. Islamic physicists such as Ibn Al-Haytham, Al-Bīrūnī and others studied optics and mechanics as well as astronomy, criticised Aristotle's view of motion. The significance of medieval Islamic science has been debated by historians. The traditionalist view holds that it lacked innovation, and was mainly important for handing on ancient knowledge to medieval Europe. The revisionist view holds that it constituted a scientific revolution. Whatever the case, science flourished across a wide area around the Mediterranean and further afield, for several centuries, in a wide range of institutions. -
Avicenna's Theory of Minima Naturalia Jon Mcginnis University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Philosophy Faculty Works Philosophy 1-2015 A Small Discovery: Avicenna's Theory of Minima Naturalia Jon McGinnis University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/philosophy-faculty Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation McGinnis, J. "A Small Discovery: Avicenna’s Theory of Minima Naturalia." Journal of the History of Philosophy, vol. 53 no. 1, 2015, pp. 1-24. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/hph.2015.0002 http://irl.umsl.edu/philosophy-faculty/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Small Discovery: Avicenna’s Theory of Minima Naturalia Jon McGinnis Journal of the History of Philosophy, Volume 53, Number 1, January 2015, pp. 1-24 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.2015.0002 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/566924 Access provided by Missouri @ St Louis, Univ of (17 Feb 2017 19:06 GMT) A Small Discovery: Avicenna’s Theory of Minima Naturalia JON MCGINNIS* ABSTRACT There has been a long-held misconception among historians of philosophy and science that apart from brief comments in Aristotle and Averroes, the theory of minima naturalia had to await Latin Schoolmen for its full articulation. Recently scholars have shown that far from sporadic comments on minima naturalia, Averroes in fact had a fully developed and well-integrated theory of them.