A L L A N T H O M P S O N O N C A N A D A ’ S L A X P R I S O N E R - O F - W A R P O L I C Y

January–February 2006

Tr ade Secrets C A N A D A’S POLICY OF TRADING PLACES: AWAY FROM THE U.S., T O W ARD JUST ABOUT ANYWHERE ELSE

E X P E R TS WEIGH IN ON TRADE WITH THE E U , A S E A N , C H I N A , L ATIN AMERICA AND A F R I C A

EU AMBASSADOR ERIC HAY E S ON HIS REGION’S RICHES

Eric Hayes, EU Ambassador

Hugo Chavez’s bold revolution Free advice on Vancouver 2010 Cutting-edge Norwegian art

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The World in Canada

Volume 17, Number 1 PUBLISHER Lezlee Cribb EDITOR Table of Jennifer Campbell ART DIRECTOR Paul Cavanaugh CONTENTS CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Daniel Drolet George Abraham CULTURE EDITOR Margo Roston DIPLOMATICA| COPY EDITOR Roger Bird Free Advice for Vancouver 2010 planners ...... 3 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Good Deeds ...... 5 Thomas S. Axworthy Questions Asked: Japanese Ambassador Sadaaki Numata ...... 6 Stephen Beckta Beyond the Headlines ...... 7 Jose Brillantes Diplomatic Agenda: Philippines Ambassador Jose Brillantes ...... 9 David Crane Recent Arrivals ...... 10 Margaret Dickenson Dean Foster Diplo-dates ...... 13 Elliot J. Feldman Liza Frulla Jack Hughes DISPATCHES| Graham Kelly Trading Places Gurprit S. Kindra Where in the world is Canada’s trade policy going? ...... 14 Bev Oda Veronika R. Prado Experts offer advice to Canada’s trade czars Allan Thompson Canada-EU ...... 17 Sarah Tsang Canada-China ...... 18 Sidney Weintraub Canada-ASEAN ...... 19 CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS Canada-Latin America ...... 20 Jana Chytilova Canada-Africa ...... 21 Sam Garcia Dyanne Wilson Trade Winds: Chatting with EU Ambassador Eric Hayes ...... 22 WEBMASTER Face-Off: Heritage minister and critic on exporting culture ...... 24 Leslee McCabe OFFICE ASSISTANT Venezuela Colin Anderson Hugo Chavez: The Bolivarian Bully ...... 26 ADVERTISING INQUIRIES Paul Charlton Director of Sales and Marketing (613) 614-6156 DELIGHTS| SUBSCRIPTIONS Entertaining in Austria ...... 28 Diplomat & International Canada is published six Hidden Gems: New Zealand’s Graham Kelly offers a travel tip ...... 31 times a year. Subscription rates: individual, one Wine: Pinot Noir is a flawless grape ...... 33 year $35.70. For Canadian orders add 7 per cent Art of Diplomacy: Norway envoy’s modern taste ...... 34 GST. U.S. orders please add $15 for postage. All Envoy’s Album ...... 36 other orders please add $25. SUBMISSIONS Canadiana: How Canada made the G-list ...... 38 Diplomat & International Canada welcomes submissions. Contact Jennifer Campbell, editor, at [email protected] or (613) 231-8476. DIPLOMATIC CONTACTS ...... 39 DIPLOMAT & INTERNATIONAL CANADA P.O Box 1173, Station B Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1P 5R2 DEBATE| Phone: (613) 789-6890 Fax: (613) 789-9313 Allan Thompson weighs in on Canada’s war prisoner policy ...... 44 E-mail: [email protected] www.diplomatonline.com Published by Ganlin Media Inc. A L L RIGHTS RESERVED. The publisher assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. No part of this magazine may be re p roduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. The views e x p ressed in the articles are those of the authors. © 2006 ISSN 1190-8343 Publication Mail # 40957514. Return undeliverable Canadian copies to: Diplomat Magazine, P.O. Box 1173, Station B, Ottawa, ON K1P 5 R 2 D I P L O M AT I C A |EDITOR’S NOTE

Tricks of the trade drills deeper into the C O N T R I B U T O R S dynamics of Canada- anada’s trade situation was in flux EU trade when he inter- Dean Foster, author of Instigator of the Ye a r in 2005. While Prime Minister Paul views EU A m b a s s a d o r CMartin himself visited Brazil, India Eric Hayes. and China, and ord e red his cabinet min- In our Face-off, Liza isters off to China to foster links with that F rulla (who was heritage e m e rging trade dragon, relations between minister at press time) JEN NIFER CAMPBELL Canada and the United States were defends the Liberal gov- strained thanks to a contentious com- ernment’s practices for exporting culture , modity called softwood. Analysts de- while critic Bev Oda offers a Conservative c l a red the U.S. unwillingness to heed Party point of view. tribunal decisions a blatant re b u ff of the In a book essay, writer Dean Foster North American Free Trade A g r e e m e n t . makes his D i p l o m a t magazine debut by In response, Canada slapped a tariff on l oo ki n g at 20 0 5 n e ws m ak e r Hug o U.S. corn coming across the border. Chavez. A p roliferation of English-lan- While visiting Scotland during an off-pe- Then came U.S. Ambassador David guage books on Mr. Chavez shed some riod of his studies at the London School Wilkins, who scolded the Liberal Party light on the man, and his “revolution” be- of Economics last year, Dean Foster was for taking pot-shots at Americans during ing closely watched by the world. surprised at the level of esteem held for an election campaign. Mr. Wilkins was We also have “free advice” for 2010 the figures of its intellectual history. Nu- supposed to give an address with his Olympic organizers, and an interview m e rous books have been written in re c e n t Canadian counterpart Frank McKenna with Japanese ambassador Sadaaki Nu- years about Scotland’s intellectual and but Mr. McKenna had to back out because mata, who not only answered questions scientific contributions, adding inspira- it’s not considered proper for ambassa- but also played his three-stringed Oki- tion to its unmistakable nationalism. dors to speak during election campaigns. nawan instrument for Diplomat staff. He is pictured next to the Edinburg h But that was not the case for Mr. Wilkins, In our Delights section, we have A u s - gravesite of Adam Smith, the author of who kicked off three straight days of trian eats, Pinot Noir wines, and Norwe- The Wealth of Nations often re f e r red to as comment with a talk at the Canadian gian art. We also introduce a section for the “father of economics.” Mr. Foster is Club of Ottawa, telling the group that last news from the Ottawa Diplomatic A s s o c i a- now pursuing re s e a rch on international time he checked, the United States wasn’t tion (see page 31) and we feature a new negotiations through the Centre for Ne- on the ballot in Canada’s election. item called Hidden Gems, where diplomats gotiation and Dispute Resolution at Car- Despite the cro s s - b o r der wrangling, s h a re a secret destination in their home leton University’s Normal Paterson the U.S. is still the recipient of 85 per cent country – a must-see spot, off the tourist School of International Affairs. of Canada’s exports. But efforts to shift track. New Zealand High Commissioner the country’s trade dependence are slowly Graham Kelly is first up with a look at the Margo Roston, Diplomat’s culture editor moving forward. Our cover package Hokitika Wildfoods Festival which feature s looks at Canada’s trade policy and how such delicacies as possum and shark penis. the country is trying to tap into some As always, Allan Thompson has the e m e rging markets. Veteran journalist Dan last word with a piece on Canada’s pris- D rolet looks at the future of Canadian oner-of-war policy – or lack thereof. trade while a panel of experts weighs in on Canada’s trade policy toward the EU, Jennifer Campbell is editor of Diplomat China, the Association of South-East magazine. Reach her at editor@diplomaton - Asian Nations, Latin America and Africa. line.com, or (613) 231-8476 or P.O. Box Trade Winds columnist Gurprit Kindra 1173, Stn. B, Ottawa, ON, K1P 5R2.

UP FRONT A springtime trip to Athens and several Photographer Jana Chytilova spent lots of Greek Islands brought unbelievable divi- time in the office of Eric Hayes trying out dends for Mrs. Roston: Cool, sunny, d i ff e rent backdrops for his portrait. “I weather, islands almost empty of tourists wanted to have the EU flag as prominent and Greek salads and local wines in the as possible, since that really symbolizes noonday sun. On Santorini, dazzling Mr. Hayes’ work and focus. He was most spring flowers, fresh fish and sturdy don- gracious – sitting patiently as I tried vari- keys complemented the magical scenery. ous angles to get the flag just in the right In Iraklion, on Crete, the A rc h a e o l o g i c a l position,” Ms. Chytilova said. “And at Museum showed off its Minoan treasures the same time, I learned about the newest while the Palace of Knossos provided a set of countries that had joined the EU.” look at the past. These days, Mrs. Roston Trade columnist Gurprit Kindra inter- spends her time dreaming of her next trip viewed Mr. Hayes about trade between and writing for several Ottawa publica- Canada and the EU. tions.

2 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 FREE ADVICE|D I P L O M AT I C A

ince 2001, big events such as the Olympics Shave become more than international specta- cles. They’ve become ter- rorist targets. The cost of security – and the cost of just putting on such a show – can also be p r o h i b i ti ve (t h i n k M o n t real 1976). In the run-up to the Va n c o u v e r Winter Games in 2010, D i p l o m a t d e - cided to collect some planning tips from experts. KEEP IT SAFE: “Post 9/11, the issue is almost always the cost of security, ” said Robert Sikellis, an Olympic secu- rity expert and managing director of Vance, a global investigations and se- curity firm. “Athens estimates it spent $1.5 billion but I’m sure when the final tally comes in, it will be h i g h e r. That’s four times more than they paid for the Sydney Games. Torino hasn’t reported anything yet. Vancouver will have a lot of the same security concerns as A t h e n s did.” SPREAD IT OUT: “In Athens, there were really only two or three diff e rent are a s said. “You can put armed guard s w h e re tourists would congregate and that on every street corner but if your intelli- g o o d n e t w o r k i n made them prime sites for terrorists,” Mr. gence isn’t there, you have a pro b l e m . place.” Sikellis said. “If they’re spread out and The old security model, which is to satu- CONDUCT A THREAT ASSESSMENT: “(Se- the area is larger, it makes it easier to se- rate the area with law enforcement off i- curity officials) need to do an assessment c u r e. The more heavily populated, the cials and security guards, causes a lot of of the types of threats, whether man- m o re troubling for anyone dealing with anxiety for everyone and it’s long since made or natural – that’s everything from security.” been determined that it’s not that eff e c - a natural disaster like an earthquake or a KEEP YOUR EARS TO THE GROUND: tive in terms of thwarting any well- hurricane, all the way up to international “Ninety-nine per cent of security is about planned attack. You have to rely on t e r r orism,” Mr. Sikellis said. “It’s about intelligence information,” Mr. Sikellis international intelligence and have a setting up a matrix and that threat assess-

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ment will change all the time.” LEARN FROM THE PA S T: “Sydney had a lessons-learned conference, consulting p r evious Olympics,” Mr. Sikellis said. “They looked at everything from soup to nuts. They talked about what security system was used, what the faults were , how it could have been done better. I would strongly recommend that Vancou- ver do it. There has been a lot of good

Vancouver Olympics organizers are already pre p- ping ski hills.

and bad in previous Olympics and they can learn from that.” C R E ATE A BUZZ: For ticket sales, the Olympics are an easy sell but Va n c o u v e r 2010 has the opportunity to turn this into the hottest ticket ever seen in sports, said James Chung, president of Reach A d v i - sors, a Boston marketing strategy and re s e a rch firm. “For example, Whistler al- ready has a reputation as a winter scene for Hollywood starlets and Bay A r e a c e n t i - m i l l i o n a i res. Vancouver 2010 should c reate early excitement, for example, by putting prime tickets up for charity auc- tion on eBay where some of these people would kill to have the bragging rights of paying six figures for the best seats.” WHILE YOU’RE AT IT, BRAND B.C.: “ T h e long-term brand marketing of British Co- lumbia (which is in the hands of Tourism B.C. and related organizations) is one of the most critical marketing challenges,” M r. Chung said. “Ski Utah did a pre t t y good job at leveraging the 2002 games in a manner that took market share f r om Colorado in the following years. British Columbia must to do the same since it doesn’t have a well-defined brand reputation among American skiers and tourists.”

4 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 GOOD DEEDS|D I P L O M AT I C A

The Winter Waltz

his year marks the 10th anniversary of the Viennese Winter Ball, a fairy Ttale evening for the who’s who of Ottawa. The black-tie event has had the sup- port of the Austrian embassy since its in- ception. On Feb. 4, against the backdrop of the National Gallery of Canada’s ro t u n d a , Austrian Ambasador Otto Ditz will be the honorary patron for the third year ru n - ning. Mr. Ditz arrived in Ottawa two years ago, just a few days before the ball so – just as it does for the debutantes who kick off the evening – it served as his i n t roduction to Ottawa society. “The Vi- ennese Winter Ball gives the Canadian public a sensual taste what Austrian life- style is all about: elegance, diversity and up-lifting music,” Mr. Ditz said. “During a few hours, the impossible becomes pos- sible and the imaginary is more impor- tant than reality.” The most high-flying guests arrive at the ball in limousines, after having been t reated to a reception at Mr. Ditz’s Rock- c l i f fe home. The evening includes a sumptuous meal with nibbles of crab, lobster, duck, lamb and milk-fed veal, all served with Austrian flair. The Thirteen Strings orchestra plays during dinner while the Ottawa Schrammel Quartet sets the musical tone in a Kaffee Haus, with free-flowing chocolate martinis. The ball raises $50,000 for two worthy causes, both related to children: The Thir- teen Strings Junior Orchestra and Cham- Some 15 debutantes and their dance partners perform the Polonaise at last year’s ball. pions for Children.

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DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 5 D I P L O M AT I C A |QUESTIONS A N S W E R E D

An animated ambassador

Since Saddaaki Numata arrived in Canada that situation for three or four months be- in February 2004, he’s adapted to Ottawa’s fore coming to Canada. winters. He has done some cross-country skiing and, in more temperate months, he’s DM: Tell me about your musical talents. I fly-fished in area waters. He sat down with hear you sing and play Four Strong Winds Diplomat to talk about the first year of his (a Canadian folksong). tenure. SN: When I was at university in Tokyo, I went to the U.S. for one year and folk D I P L O M AT MAGAZINE: What does the songs were becoming popular so I started “economic framework” recently stru c k teaching myself to pluck the guitar and between Canada sing for my own pleasure. I learned a and Japan mean number of American folk songs. I contin- to your coun- ued that while at Oxford (University) and try? I learned some Indonesian folks songs as SADAAKI NUMATA : well. Japan is a stabi- In Okinawa, I started learning a three- l i z e r a n d stringed instrument called a sanshin. Oki- C a n a d a c o u l d nawans are very fond of music and they b e n e f i t a g r e a t use the sanshin for family gatherings. I deal from its economic learned some traditional songs. (He then relations with Japan as an plays the instrument, and sings). The in- entry point to East A s i a n s t rument sounds like a banjo. It’s a deep countries. Japan is like a pivot but dry sound. I’ve only been playing it and a stepping-stone to Asia. for two years so my re p e r t o i re is much In November, on the margins of wider with the guitar. APEC in Busan, Canada and Japan signed the innovative economic frame- DM: Why does Japan seek a permanent seat work. We do have sound economic re l a- of the United Nations Security Council? tions but we feel that more can be done SN: We are the second largest contributor with trade and investment. The first to the UN. If you look at the Security part (of the framework) is the enumer- Council, there are five permanent mem- ation of 15 priority areas of coopera- bers (China, U.S., Russia, U.K. and France) tion – customs, competition policy, who were all there in 1945. The key deci- investment promotion and possibly sion-making body still reflects the re a l i t i e s social security. of 1945. In the meantime, Japan’s role on the international stage has expanded. We DM: Is there a possibility of a free trade have been very active in peacekeeping, for agreement? example. Japan has joined efforts to fight SN: We do not box ourselves into any t e r ro r. Japan has provided 20 per cent of particular (ideas). It’s true that discus- the UN’s budget. In light of all this, we sions about a free trade agreement can feel we should be given a seat on the Se- be a matter of considerable political sensi- curity Council. At the Summit in Septem- tivity. b e r, we worked hard with like-minded countries like Germany, India and Brazil. DM: B e f o re coming to Canada, you were We are now taking stock and we will con- posted to Okinawa. Tell me about that. tinue our efforts. SN: I spent two years in Okinawa. My job was to act as the bridge between the U.S. D M: Have you re ad Anne of Gre e n military and the people. Okinawa has a Gables? very heavy concentration of U.S. bases. SN: Yes, I have. I really love that story. My Out of the 40,000 U.S. service people in wife read it and then I read it and fin- Japan, 24,000 of them are in Okinawa. I ished on the plane to PEI, five minutes was really a firefighter in the sense that b e f o re we touched down. I liked the ex- accidents and incidents happen and you p r ession “kindred spirits”, which A n n e have to attend to them. One fire broke out uses. when I was ready to come to Canada. In I have three more provinces to visit: August (2004), a marine helicopter Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Newfound- crashed and hit a campus building (at land. When I was in New Brunswick, I Okinawa State University) and there was told them that sea cucumbers and urc h i n s quite a public outcry. I had to deal with taste better than they look.

6 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 BEYOND THE HEADLINES|D I P L O M AT I C A

Hidden hand to a WHO plan to remedy the dearth of human resources for health in Africa. The By George Abraham minister said the money will help train and retain about 100,000 African health Denis Lefebvre, a former senior official at professionals. There may be little Canada the Canada Border Services A g e n c y, is can do to dissuade African doctors and playing a pivotal behind-the-scenes ro l e nurses from applying to immigrate to that may ultimately determine whether Canada, but at least it can be a part of the Palestinians secure a sovereign state. solution as well as the problem. Working both with a U.S. security coord i- nator and a special envoy for the “Quar- A people bridge tet,” (the U.S., the EU, Russia and the UN), Listening to Reeta Chowdhary-Tre m b l a y M r. Lefebvre has been applying lessons of Concordia University speak about learned in policing the post-9/11 Canada- Canada’s missed opportunities in re l a - U.S. border to the volatile Rafah cro s s i n g tions with India, one gets the feeling between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. Canada has more to lose than India. A r - Security arrangements at Rafah – guing that India was an alternate to the opened Nov. 15 – are among the most vast and nearby U.S. economy for Cana- complex in the world, mainly to allay Is- dian trade and investment, she said raeli fears that it could serve as a conduit Canada must first regain India’s atten- for terrorists and weapons. The Canadian tion: In 1998 when Ottawa imposed sanc- expert works with U.S. Lt.-Gen. Wi l l i a m tions against a re s u rgent nuclear weapons Wa rd and the Quartet’s special envoy p o w e r, “Canada dropped off the Indian James Wolfensohn, to develop a bord e r- radar,” she said. management strategy that is as rigoro u s Dr. Chowdhary-Tremblay sees the two as it is foolproof. While not physically nations bridging their diff e rences thro u g h participating in the EU monitoring mis- a “diasporic push” – the presence of be- sion that screens exits and entries at the tween 700,000 and one million Canadians busy crossing, “Canada will be providing of Indian origin. That community, she additional expert assistance from the said, has been handicapped so far by a Canadian Border Services Agency to the disparate educational profile, ranging Palestinian Authority in the area of bor- f rom PhD degree holders to unskilled der management in the coming months,” workers who never made it past Grade 5. a c c o rding to Marie-Christine Lilkoff of “[W]e can expect the next generation of Foreign Affairs. Indo-Canadians to enjoy a stronger and Commenting on the arrangement at more homogeneous educational and pro- Rafah, Ms. Lilkoff said, “it shows the pos- fessional profile. As this happens, it is al- sibility of Israeli-Palestinian agre e m e n t most inevitable that the community’s and co-operation … when the interna- lobbying efforts in favour of closer and tional community is prepared to step for- m o re positive bilateral relations will ex- ward with assistance and support.” pand and intensify.” She cautioned her listeners from the Part of the problem Canadian Institute of International A ff a i r s Even as Canada is doing more to attract not to fall into the Western trap of privi- immigrants and investing in their retrain- leging China over India. “These are not ing, only very recently did Ottawa wake competing alternatives,” she stressed. up to the fact that it might be doing enor- mous long-term damage to the home- A hung verdict lands of those immigrants, particularly in When Tookie Williams died by lethal in- Africa. Nowhere is this brain drain more jection in California in December, re a m s evident than among healthcare workers, of column inches were devoted to debat- See whose re p r esentation among A f r i c a ’ s ing the relevance of the death penalty in population has been thin at best – an modern societies. Just a few weeks before , www.diplomatonline.com estimated 750,000 health workers for a Canada joined a small group of nations population of 680 million. Poaching by that have disavowed capital punishment for a complete list countries such as Canada has contributed and signed a treaty that bans executions to making them an even more endan- within their jurisdiction. of international gered species. Although Canadian officials heralded Hence, it was interesting to hear Min- the signing as support for the “interna- affairs resources ister of International Cooperation (at p re s s tional trend towards abolition,” only time) Aileen Carroll announce at an Ot- about a quarter of the UN’s member na- tawa conference a $5 million contribution tions are party to the treaty. The treaty it-

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 7 D I P L O M AT I C A |BEYOND THE HEADLINES

self is embedded in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Adopted in 1989, it’s called the Second Optional Protocol. As of November, 56 states were parties to it. The jury is still out on whether this re p resents a consen- sus towards abolition of the death penalty or a hung verdict. A c c o rding to Rodney Moore, a Fore i g n Affairs spokesperson, “Many more states have declared moratoria on the death p e n a l t y, 88 are abolitionist de facto and de jure; a further 10 states have abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes; and an additional 35 a re abolitionist de facto, not having carried out an execu- tion in at least 10 years.” It would seem that the U.S. is bucking the trend, yet again.

George Abraham, a Nieman scholar, is a contributing editor to Diplomat ( d i p l o m a t 0 1 @ ro g e r s . c o m )

Recognizing key staff members

Do you have a locally engaged staff member your mission couldn’t do with- out? If so, now is the time to nominate that person for an evening of recognition. Building on the success of their last a w a r d evening for locally engaged embassy and high commission staff , Star Motors, realtor Leena Ray, and D i p l o m a t magazine are teaming up to present a Star-y Night awards evening this spring. The idea came from Star Motors owner Jeff Mierins who said he and his staff members meet many of the front- line staff members – in their case driv- ers, mostly – who keep missions in Ottawa running and thought it would be nice to say thank you to them. Last year’s event saw 10 submis- sions from embassies and high com- missions. Last year ’s winner, Lea Duarte, works as the receptionist at the South Africa High Commission. Those who have a staff member who goes the extra mile simply need to write up, in 100 words or less, what that person has done to make him or herself an indispensable asset to the mission. Colourful descriptions are al- ways welcome. Those interested should send their submissions to D i p l o m a t magazine by email ([email protected]) or by fax (613) 789-9313 or by post (P.O. Box 1173, Stn. B, Ottawa, ON, K1P5R2).

8 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 D I P L O M ATIC AGENDA|D I P L O M AT I C A

Expanding our relationship

By Jose Brillantes

re s o u r ces into our health science and material science and I c o u n t r y, n o ta b l y hope to pair up Canadian venture capital- in the field of min- ists with Philippine inventors and entre- i ng, inf orm ation p r eneurs to commercialize available and comm unica- technologies. tions technology Meanwhile, on people-to-people (ICT), particularly contacts, the 400,000 Filipinos in Canada in animation, med- can facilitate understanding between our ical transcription, two nations. Protecting the rights and a n d h e a l t h a n d well-being of Filipino workers abroad is a wellness. cornerstone of Philippine foreign policy, Canada is one and will be among my top priorities. of the Philippines’ The demand for Filipino caregivers and priority areas for nurses in Canada continues to grow, a re- tourism pro m o - flection of their skill and pro f i c i e n c y. I tion. I plan to pro- will work to improve regulations in the m o te Ph i l ip pi n e tou ri s m deployment of caregivers and nurses to p rograms, emphasizing health and well- Canada, and will work toward gre a t e r s I begin my post in Ottawa, I am ness getaways, as well as adventure- and recognition of their qualifications, partic- eager to pursue the ever- s t re n g t h- s p o r t - related travel. I will also sell seniors ularly for health workers. At the same Aening bilateral relations between on my country’s virtues as a re t i r e e ’ s time, I will encourage Filipino nationals the Philippines and Canada. haven. in Canada to become our partners in na- Since we established relations in 1949, When it comes to development, the tional development. we’ve seen expansion and cooperation in Philippines appreciates the Canadian In- On defence and security cooperation, I trade, investment, technical cooperation ternational Development Agency (CIDA), will pursue a framework agreement that (both in governance and entre p re n e u r - will govern military and training exer- ship) and people-to-people exchanges. cises, capacity-building, including train- During my time in Canada, I will ex- TH E PH ILIPPIN ES A ND ing and education programs, exchange of p l o re initiatives that further existing information, and transfer of defence-re- CA NADA SH ARE RESOLUTE agreements – such as the live-in caregiver lated equipment. p rogram that certifies Filipinos to work as INTEREST IN PRESERVING I will continue to watch political, eco- c a regivers for the elderly in Canada – n omi c a nd othe r d eve lopm e nts in bearing in mind our objective of mutually MARITIME SEC URITY, Canada, with a view to promoting mat- beneficial gains. ters of mutual interest and benefit. The At the same time, I will look for other C O M B A TING TERRORISM A ND Philippines and Canada share resolute in- a reas where bilateral cooperation can be t e r est in preserving maritime security, T R A N S N ATION AL CRIMES, pursued, particularly in defence and se- combating terrorism and transnational curity, trade and investment, tourism, sci- PEA CEKEEPING IN FAILED crimes, peacekeeping in failed and failing ence and technology, education, welfare states and preventing the proliferation of of overseas Filipinos, and cultural ex- AND FAILING STATES A ND weapons of mass destruction. Our vi- changes. brant bilateral cooperation is re i n f o rc e d The Philippines and Canada alre a d y PREVEN TING THE PROLIFER A- by our engagement in regional and mul- work hard to expand bilateral flows in TION OF WEAPON S OF tilateral forums particularly A S E A N , trade, investment, and tourism and to APEC and the United Nations. p r omote educational and cultural ex- MA SS D EST RUCTION. I am fully aware that the challenges changes. I intend to harness the resources ahead are difficult and demanding. My of the embassy, our honourary consular res olve to me et th em , howe ve r, i s posts, and the Filipino community in which has implemented projects that im- s t rengthened by the knowledge that I will Canada to help promote the Philippines’ p rove public governance and business ca- work for them together with a Filipino- export winners – such as electronic com- pabilities. CIDA grants are contributing Canadian community eager to contribute, ponents, garments, jewelry and machin- effectively to institutional capacity-build- and through mutually beneficial interac- e r y, and transport equipment – and ing. I plan to ensure the continuation of tion with professionals in the Canadian investment opportunities to the Canadian bilateral programming to the Philippines government and my highly qualified market. in areas where they are still needed. peers in the diplomatic community. We will keep Canadian investors in- I will explore an agreement on science formed about opportunities in the Philip- and technology, which will focus on re- Jose Brillantes, ambassador of the Philip - pines and encourage them to bring their s e a rch and development, biotechnology, pines, arrived in Canada in November.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 9 D I P L O M AT I C A |RECENT ARRIVA L S

New Heads javik College in 1965. He studied bro a d- cast journalism and television production of Mission in the UK and Sweden and worked as a reporter and producer before becoming a city councillor for 15 years. He then be- Vesela Mrden Korac´ came dire c t o r -general of the National Ambassador of Croatia B roadcasting Service, RUV TV and Radio, for the following six years and was then elected to a three-year term as mayor of Reykjavik. He returned to RUV for 10 years before being appointed ambassa- dor. M r. Antonsson is married to Steinunn Ármannsdóttir and they have two grown as under- s e c retary of labour for employ- children and two grandchildren. ment promotion and manpower develop- ment; practiced law for 11 years; and was Karel P.M. de Beer twice elected as councillor to Manila’s Ambassador of the Netherlands city council. He studied at the Ateneo de Manila College of Law and did graduate work in public administration at Carleton Univer- Ms. Korac´ ’s appointment in Ottawa sity in Ottawa. Dr. Brillantes has a doctor marks a return for her. From 1994-97, she of laws degree from Lyceum Northwest- was the first Croatian chargé d’aff a i r e s ern University in the Philippines and says and counsellor at the embassy in Ottawa. he has always worked to protect the in- Ms. Kora´c has a master ’s degree in terests of Filipino workers. marketing from the University of Zagreb and studied before that in the Cro a t i a n Elena Sava Stefoi city of Split. She trained in diplomacy in Ambassador of Romania Zagreb, Paris and Brussels. Ms. Korac´ started her diplomatic ca- reer as a senior adviser in the economic department of the ministry of foreign af- M r. de Beer is a career diplomat. He fairs in 1993. She has worked in various joined the foreign service in 1976, after positions within the ministry and, besides studying social and political sciences at Canada, has had appointments in Hun- the University of Amsterdam. gary, Belgium, and Luxembourg. His first posting was to Prague as third Born in Croatia in 1960, Ms. Korac´ s e c re t a r y. After that, he had a spate of for- speaks English, French and Italian and eign postings with increasing re s p o n s i b i l- has a working knowledge of Hungarian i t y, in Israel, the U.S. and Kenya. He and Norwegian. returned to foreign ministry headquarters in 1988 as head of the UN section, also re- Markús Örn Antonsson sponsible for multilateral cooperation and Ambassador of Iceland special programs. He stayed at the Hague Like many of her colleagues, the appoint- until 1993 when he became deputy head ment to Canada re p resents a return to of mission in New Delhi. He served as Canada for Ms. Stefoi. ambassador in Zambia before being ap- A journalist, writer and poet for more pointed to Canada. than half her care e r, she was editor of sev- M r. de Beer, who was born in 1946, is eral magazines before becoming adviser married to Loes Terlouw. to the minister of foreign affairs in 1998. A year later, she was appointed consul Jose S. Brillantes general for Romania in Montreal for two Ambassador of the Philippines years. Since then, she has worked at the foreign ministry, most recently as director Mr. Brillantes was deputy minister of for- general of the political affairs bureau. eign affairs prior to being appointed to Ms. Stefoi has a BA and a PhD in phi- Ottawa, a place he came to study years l o s o p h y, the latter completed in 2005. earlier. Born in 1954, she has published six books Mr. Antonsson comes to diplomacy from A lawyer by profession, Mr. Brillantes of poetry and three books of conversa- journalism. His posting as ambassador to c a reer has included other diplomatic tions with members of the Romanian po- Canada is his first. postings in Germany and the U.S. and he litical establishment. She speaks English, Born in 1943, he graduated from Reyk- was ambassador to Malaysia. He served French and German.

10 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 RECENT ARRIVA L S |D I P L O M AT I C A

Ingrid Maria Iremark Ambassador of Sweden

Before becoming a diplomat, Ms. Iremark put her journalism degree to work for a few years, working as both a newspaper reporter and later a communications offi- c e r. She joined the foreign ministry in 1979 but continued to work with the press within the ministry until she joined the Confederation of Swedish Tr a d e Unions in 1983. She worked as press sec- retary in the ministries of labour and jus- tice before joining the foreign ministry’s International Press Centre. She worked as p ress secretary at the finance ministry in 1994 and the Prime Minister’s Office in 1996, becoming head of the foreign min- istry’s press, information and culture de- partment in 2000. Ms. Iremark was born in Sweden in 1949 and is married to journalist Thomas Thornquist. They have one son.

Hetira Abdessalem Ambassador of Tunisia

M r. Abdessalem has always worked in in- ternational fields. Born in Tunisia in 1949, he completed his PhD in Social Pedagogy at the University of Oslo and, in 1979, be- came a lecturer at the same school in Nor- w a y. In 1986, he moved on to become an international consultant in education and social development, working for the Nor- wegian government and the World Bank.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 11 D I P L O M AT I C A |RECENT ARRIVA L S

He returned to Tunisia in 1988 as a special economic and social adviser before joining Non-Heads of mission the ministry of foreign affairs. In 1998, he was appointed ambassador Azeddine Mebarki Sergio Valdivia Torres Boris Jelovsek to Malta and returned in 2003 for a two- Admin and Tech Staff Admin and Tech Staff Counsellor year stint as special adviser to the foreign Algeria Mexico Slovenia affairs minister before being appointed as Glenda Meryl Price Maung Maung W.E.N.F. Charmi Lowe ambassador to Canada. First Secretary Minister & Chargé d’Affaires, a.i. Attaché Australia Myanmar Sri Lanka M r. Abdessalem is married with thre e children. Walfrido Asin Sotelo Barry Norman Prior Elizabeth Majogo Attaché Counsellor Attaché Cuba New Zealand Tanzania Florence Zano Chideya Oscar Felipe Izquierdo Arboleda Romeo Merjudio Hikmet Gundogdu Ambassador of Zimbabwe First Secretary Attaché Attaché Ecuador Philippines Turkey

Vello Loemaa Adelio Rivera Oleksandr Ratsidlo Defence, Military, Naval & Admin and Tech Staff Defence, Naval & Air Attaché Air Attaché Philippines Ukraine Estonia Mario Masangkay James Kinch Foster Kazuo Tsukada Attaché First Secretary First Secretary Philippines United States of America Japan Costel Lazar Kimberly Ann Himmer Masataka Tarahara Admin and Tech Staff Admin and Tech Staff Minister & Deputy Head of Romania United States of America Mission Japan Silvia Lazar Stephen Joel Hirsch Admin and Tech Staff Attaché Jun Yanagi Romania United States of America Counsellor Japan Evgeny Verkhovtsev John James Di Stasio Attaché Attaché Tomas Margaitis Russia United States of America Admin and Tech Staff Lithuania Hegab Abdelrahman G. Elaitiby Attaché Ms. Chideya’s appointment as Zim- Saudi Arabia babwe’s ambassador to Canada follows an active life with various jobs. Most re c e n t l y, she was a senior civil servant in the min- istry of industry and commerce but she has also worked as a re g i s t e red nurse and has owned and operated a travel agency. She has a bachelor of science degre e from the State University of New York in Buffalo and a diploma in public adminis- tration from the University of Zimbabwe. Ms. Chideya is married to Ngoni Chideya, a re t i r ed ambassador who served in the Nordic countries and the UK She accompanied him on his postings and was active in the diplomatic commu- nities of those countries. The Chideyas have two children and two grandchildren.

12 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 D ATES OF INTEREST|D I P L O M AT I C A

Diplo-Dates playground at Jacques-Cartier his wife Susan will be the king February 17 Park and many activities along and queen of the sixth annual Ottawa Chamber Music Society January 1 the Rideau Canal, the world’s Snowflake Ball held at the concert: Violinist Kyung-Wha Cuba’s Liberation Day longest skateway. Ottawa Congress Centre. Visit Chung performs at Dominion- Sudan’s National Day Visit www.canadascapital.gc.ca www.snowflakeball.com or Chalmers United Church in Haiti’s Independence Day for more information. phone (613) 237-0190 for more Ottawa. A rare Ottawa information. performance by Kyung-Wha February 4 January 4 Chung will feature music by Sri Lanka’s National Day February 14 Myanmar’s Independence Day Beethoven, Schubert, and Valentine’s Day Ball: Held on Mozart. For more information, January 24 Valentine’s Day at Canadian visit www.chamberfest.com or Canadian Club of Ottawa: Museum of Civilization this ball phone (613) 234-8008. Economist Sherry Cooper is the is a fundraising event that guest speaker at the Canadian benefits the Canadian Postal February 18 Club’s luncheon at the Fairmont Museum. The Grand Hall of the The Black & White Opera Chateau Laurier. For museum is turned into a Soiree: Love, Death, and Divas – information, visit romantic setting where guests Four of Canada’s most talented www.canadianclubottawa.ca or enjoy dinner and dancing. For opera singers will present call (819) 682-2877. information and tickets, phone: Opera’s greatest hits from January 26 (819) 246-6378. 400 years’ worth of repertoire. Australia’s National Day Visit the National Arts Centre website at www.nac-cna.ca for more information.

February 22 Saint Lucia’s Independence Day

February 23 Viennese Winter Ball: Austrian Guyana’s Republic Day Ambassador Otto Ditz will host Brunei Darussalam’s National the 10th annual evening at the Day National Gallery of Canada. The ball features a sumptuous meal February 24 with Austrian wine and dancing Estonia’s Independence day past midnight. Visit February 25 www.winterball.ca for more Kuwait’s National Day details. February 27 February 6 Dominican Republic’s New Zealand’s National Day February 15 Independence Day February 3 – 19 (weekends) February 11 National Flag of Canada Day Iran’s National Day Have an upcoming event Winterlude: Celebrate winter in February 16 to list? Email us at the capital region with ice and Snowflake Ball: U.S. Lithuania’s Independence Day [email protected] with snow sculptures, in the city Ambassador David Wilkins and centre; a giant snow the pertinent information.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 13 Though much of Canada’s trade is still with the United States, a policy shift is slowly changing things on the trade f ront. The Port of Va n c o u v e r, for example, trades $43 billion in goods each year, with more than 90 diff e re n t economies. Two thirds of its export s go to Asia.

14 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 BEYOND NORTH AMERICA’S BORDERS|DI SPATC H ES

Continental Drift Canada has been inching away from its main trading partner, but as Daniel Drolet discovers, not quickly enough for some

n the introduction to the 23-page Canada has recently increased its trade “It’s not like Canada could decide to document that lays out Canada’s o ffices in the U.S. to 23 from 16 and is sell its cars somewhere else,” he said. trade policy, Jim Peterson, Canada’s working to make sure trade flows fre e l y Michael Hart, the Simon Reisman chair trade minister at press time, says the despite the barriers thrown up by worries in trade policy at Carleton University, stakes are clear: “Our prosperity about security. And while the softwood said the government’s main role in is anchored in our international lumber dispute grabs headlines, it’s Canada-U.S. trade should be conflict res- Isuccess.” worth noting, as U.S. Ambassador David olution. Up to now, “international” has largely Wilkins frequently does, that 95 per cent “ We don’t worry enough about the m ea nt “Am er ic an.” T han ks to the of Canada’s trade with the U.S. is dis- U.S.,” he said, adding that it’s a natural Canada-U.S. free trade agreement and pute-free. place for Canadians to do business be- decades of such policies as the Auto Pact Stephen Blank, a professor at Pace Uni- cause the two countries share language, (the 1965 agreement with the U.S. that versity in New York City and lecturer at attitudes and business practices, not to saw Canada’s tiny auto industry become mention a border. a world leader), Canada’s exports to the But the ease of trading across that bor- U.S. amounted to $348 billion in 2004. BUT AS CHINA, IN DIA A ND der has made Canada complacent, said That’s nearly 85 per cent of the country’s Debra Steger, a University of Ottawa law total exports and light years ahead of the BRAZIL EMERGE A S TRA DING p rofessor who was a Canadian negotiator $8.5-billion figure for Japan, the country in the Uruguay Round of trade talks fro m in the Number 2 spot. POWERS AND AS CAPITA L 1988-93. She said Canada coasted for a But as China, India and Brazil emerg e long time because the low value of its as trading powers and as capital flows FLOWS MORE AND MORE dollar gave this country an edge for ex- m o re and more freely to any place that ports to the U.S. gives it a competitive edge, Canada is As shown in its April policy statement, F R E E LY TO A NY PLACE THAT scrambling to stay in the game. Hence the the Liberal government agreed the coun- Liberal government’s effort to balance the try needed to expand its range of trading GIV ES IT A COMPETITIVE EDG E, country’s dependence on the U.S. with partners and did so, signing free trade opportunities in the rest of the world. a g reements with Chile, Costa Rica and Is- Last spring, Prime Minister Paul Mar- CAN ADA IS SCRAMBLING TO rael – the provisions of the Israeli agre e- tin ord e red senior cabinet ministers to ment were extended to the Palestinian make their way to China. Several did. S TAY IN THE GA ME. Authority – and pursuing similar arrange- Their backgrounding for the trip in- ments with El Salvador, Guatemala, Hon- cluded Canada’s refurbished trade policy, duras, Nicaragua, South Korea, Norway, laid out last April as part of the govern- M o n t r eal’s Ecole des Hautes Etudes Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Iceland and ment’s International Policy Statement. Its C o m m e rcia les, said it’s important to re- the Caribbean Community. t h r ee themes are trade inside North member that the Canadian and American In addition to supporting multilateral America, trade with the rest of the world, economies are so enmeshed, the two arrangements such as the Free Trade A re a and the need to keep Canada competi- countries don’t really trade. Rather, they of the Americas, Canada is pushing hard tive. make things together. Canada, for exam- for trade with Asia. In the words of the policy statement, ple, does not just make and export cars; “Few Canadian companies can expect “Canada’s first international economic re- it’s part of a production system for North to succeed without an Asia strategy,” the lationship is with the United States.” American automobiles. trade policy states. “We aim to double the

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 15 DI SPATC H ES|BEYOND NOR TH AMERICA’S BORDERS

level of Canada’s trade and investment WHERE CANADA S ENDS ITS GOODS relationship with China by 2010.” This table shows Canada’s total exports for all products, expressed in millions of Not everyone agrees that’s worth pur- Canadian dollars. suing with trade missions that look like photo ops. “If there are opportunities in 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 China and India, business will find United States 359,289 351,751 345,366 326,700 348,142 them,” said Carleton’s Dr. Hart, adding Japan 9,284 8,340 8,360 8,144 8,558 that China and India offer more chal- United Kingdom 5,747 5,059 4,431 6,087 7,734 lenges than other trading partners. “I China 3,698 4,264 4,132 4,766 6,654 don’t think Mr. Peterson leading more Mexico 2,034 2,755 2,420 2,212 2,994 trade missions will make any diff e re n c e Germany 3,155 2,930 2,955 2,896 2,669 except to his ego.” France* 1,901 2,171 2,003 2,187 2,378 But Lawrence Herman, international Korea, South 2,337 2,017 2,017 1,936 2,267 counsel at the To ronto law firm Cassels Belgium 2,128 1,932 1,918 1,841 2,224 Brock and Blackwell, said Canada should Netherlands 1,432 1,556 1,774 1,622 1,922 be taking aim at countries besides the TOTAL 391,003 382,776 375,376 358,390 385,542 U.S: “I don’t think we s h o u l d e n t r e n c h ourselves further and deeper into a one- Other countries 22,211 21,309 21,002 22,476 26,260 sided relationship. If we want to sell, we TOTAL (all countries) 413,215 404,085 396,378 380,866 411,802 should be targeting those economies that have the greatest annual growth potential *(including Monaco and French Antilles) Data obtained from Statistics Canada and the U.S. Census Bureau (U.S. Department of Commerce). over the next few decades.” That doesn’t just mean Asia. Canada’s in emerging markets, the country needs what do we want North America to look trade policy notes that “one of NAFTA’ s capital and smarts. like in 20 years?” most significant effects has been the “It’s not who we’re trading with, it’s D r. Blank said too many Canadians, change in our relationship with Mexico: It what we’re trading,” said Daniel Tre f l e r, partly because they don’t like the admin- is now our sixth-largest export market who holds the J. Douglas and Ruth Grant istration of U.S. President George Bush, and we are Mexico’s second largest. In Canada research chair in competitiveness a re refusing to consider the hard ques- 1990, Mexico was Canada’s 16th most im- and prosperity at the University of tions Canada needs to ask about North portant export market and Canada was To ronto’s Rotman School of Management. American trade. Mexico’s seventh largest. “The core focus should be on how For example, he said the North Ameri- D r. Blank says Canada’s not paying trade helps us become more competi- can transportation system is becoming enough attention to Mexico. tive,” said Dr. Tre f l e r, explaining that it’s overloaded, and this will put a strain on “The great opportunity for Canada is one thing for Canada to export un- trade if there is no overall continental not China, it’s Mexico,” he said, adding processed resources, and quite another to transportation strategy. And he said that he’s surprised Mexico isn’t at the top export sophisticated goods. Canada needs to have a transportation of the list for Canada. D r. Trefler said Canada should be look- strategy in place before the next terro r i s t “Mexicans want to buy Canadian ing for trading opportunities that forc e attack on the U.S. creates a crisis. products, and we have a free trade agree- Canadian firms to innovate. For example, “It’s clear the U.S. has only one arro w ment with Mexico. It’s a lot easier to do Canada shouldn’t just sell wood, it in its quiver, and that’s to close the bor- business in Mexico than in China because should be transforming it at home and ders – and that’s completely unacceptable t h e re’s an enthusiastic audience there that selling high-end wood products. for Canada,” he said. “Canada has got to is not just interested in Canadian raw ma- “ We need to be high up on the value come up with a plan for a way of avoid- terials. chain,” he said. ing closing the borders. Most people “ We know what China wants: China He said China and India have the po- think that’s something like a security wants access to Canadian raw materials. tential to become consumers of sophisti- p e r i m e t e r. We have to have Canadians I’m shocked at the enthusiasm of many cated products, and “we want to be put something on the table to pro t e c t of my Canadian friends to become hew- located wherever there’s a sophisticated themselves.” ers of wood and drawers of water for group of consumers on the globe.” D r. Blank, who spent the last year China.” M r. Herman, the international lawyer, c rossing Canada on a Fulbright scholar- Daniel Schwanen, director of re s e a rc h said he was encouraged by this possible ship, says he couldn’t find many Canadi- at the Centre for International Gover- new direction for Canada. “Prior to the ans asking questions such as these. nance and Innovation in Waterloo, said policy statement, I felt we had no idea of “It’s a lot of fun to piss on Uncle Sam’s that while Canada’s trade with the U.S. is our priorities. I think the policy now at- shoes, but that’s not the response we l a rgely about manufactured goods, trade tempts to focus it on key emerging mar- need. What we need most is a vision of with Asia and Europe is more about raw kets.” where we want to go. We want a sense of materials. But Dr. Blank says the trade policy is what we want to make North A m e r i c a , So there’s a danger that Canada could not enough. and this is the moment for Canadians to expand its range of trading partners, yet “This is the moment for Canada to de- put down a vision.” be stuck in its traditional role of deliver- cide what (it) wants over the next 10 or 20 ing raw materials such as wood, water years. And the question is not whether Daniel Drolet is a veteran political journal - and ore. To avoid this raw materials trap we want to trade more with the U.S., but ist and Diplomat’s contributing editor.

16 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 BEYOND NORTH AMERICA’S BORDERS|DI SPATC H ES

Trading Places

As promising trade markets emerge worldwide, Canada’s policy makers have had to adapt. Increasingly, those at the helm believe that relying on the U.S. as the country’s sole trading partner doesn’t make sense as markets such as Southeast Asia, Brazil and China begin to offer impressive trading opportunities. Diplomat assembled experts to look at the possibilities in five markets: The EU, China, Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa.

Canada-EU IKEA, and GlaxoSmithKline are impor- tant participants in Canada’s economy. Canada can’t ignore M o r e o v e r, Canada and Europe are like-minded players in world aff a i r s . the EU’s might Whether it’s the importance of the United Nations and multilateralism in general, By David Crane action on climate change, the negotiation of a UNESCO convention on cultural di- n a recent commentary on Euro p e a n v e r s i t y, the creation of the International Union summits, Peter Ludlow, the Criminal Court or a land mines tre a t y, Ichairman of EuroComment (a Brussels- Canada’s key diplomatic partner is the based publisher of information on the Eu- E u ropean Union, not the United States, ropean Union) made the point that not all which consistently opposes such Canada- E u ropean summits or ministerial meet- European initiatives. ings with trading partners are cre a t e d F rom a trade and investment perspec- equal. He used talks between Canada and tive, the relationship could expand much the European Union as an example. “The more. Both Canada and the EU are in the recent-six monthly Canadian summit,” he p rocess of re s t r ucturing their economies w rote, “was designated the stealth sum- for greater growth and productivity in mit because it evaded detection on any the face of growing competition from na- normal radar screens.” tions such as India and China. In Canada, T h e re’s no doubt that the Canada-EU this is the productivity agenda; in the EU, Tapping into Euro p e ’s bounty: Canada import s relationship, with political-level meetings more medication from the EU than anything else. it is the growth and jobs agenda. This every six months, attracts little public at- Wine, shown above, takes the seventh position on focus in itself should create new opportu- tention on either side of the Atlantic. Ye t the Canada-EU import list. nities on both sides of the Atlantic. f r om a trade and investment point of Canada and the EU are also negotiat- v i e w, the relationship is more important trade in goods and services worth about ing a new “trade and investment en- than many recognize and could pave the $90 billion, with the Europeans selling hancement agreement” on standard s , way to important advances and bro a d e r Canada about $11 billion more than public pro c u rement, recognition of pro- international co-operation. It could also Canada sells to the EU. The Euro p e a n fessional qualifications, investment pro v i- s t r engthen the multilateral system of Union is Canada’s second largest trading sions and mutual recognition of stock global governance. partner and home to about 27 per cent of exchange regulations. They are also look- While the EU economy is similar in Canada’s foreign direct investment. ing at possibilities in e-commerce, finan- size to NAFTA, Canada’s pre o c c u p a t i o n About one-quarter of foreign direct in- cial services, science and technology with its U.S. relationship has led to a neg- vestment in Canada comes from the EU co-operation and sustainable develop- lect of the EU. But that may be changing. and the EU enjoys both a trade surplus ment. In March 2004, for example, the EU and and a current account surplus with This is not a negotiation for a free trade Canada agreed on a new EU-Canada Canada. agreement but a look at non-tariff issues. “partnership agenda,” which has set EU companies have just over $90 bil- Still, in today’s trading world, where av- in motion negotiations to broaden the lion invested in business activities in erage tariffs are so low that often they are relationship, including cooperation on Canada and Canadian companies have simply a nuisance tax, the main barriers climate change technologies and advanc- almost $120 billion invested in businesses a re so-called non-tariff barriers. These can ing the Kyoto Protocol, addressing over- in the EU. Canadian companies such as range from diff e rent standards on food fishing in the North Atlantic, impro v i n g Alcan, Magna International, Power Corp., safety or regulatory re q u i rements in auto- trade and investment relations, and Nortel, McCain Foods, and Bombard i e r mobiles, with the goal to achieve mutual working together to strengthen the multi- a re well established in Europe while recognition of each other ’s standard s lateral system. p rominent European companies such as wherever possible. Canada and Europe have a two-way Siemens, Ericcson, Alcatel, Shell, BP, Business is also more directly engaged

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 17 DI SPATC H ES|BEYOND NORTH AMERICA’S BORDERS

t h rough the Canada-Europe Roundtable chief among these being a large and inex- the safeguard measures do not unjustifi- for Business, which is identifying oppor- pensive workforce. What remains to be ably penalize either Canadian consumers tunities in many different sectors such as seen is whether the global trading com- or Chinese producers. telecommunications, aerospace and m u n i t y, Canada included, will welcome M o r e o v e r, constant use of safeguard b i o t e c h n o l o g y. The expansion of the this Goliath to the table. measures against Chinese products could Canadian electric power system off e r s In recent months, we have seen an set off a chain reaction of dozens of simi- significant opportunities for Euro p e a n e m e rging trend of Canadian industries lar complaints if any of the early test businesses in electric power generation responding to the rise in Chinese imports cases – barbeques, tobacco and furniture technologies and software systems to by filing “safeguard” complaints with the – are successful. A l ready the CITT has de- manage electricity grids and energy eff i- Canadian International Trade Tr i b u n a l termined that safeguard measures should ciency technologies. Canadians can also be imposed in the case of imported barbe- learn from the EU’s experience with its ques, but it is far from certain that the g reenhouse gas emissions trading system. Canadian government will adopt the At the same time, Canadian fuel cells CITT’s recommendations. and hydrogen companies are pro v i d i n g In Chinese safeguard inquiries, the technology for the EU’s pilot pro g r a m CITT recommends a remedy that mem- with fuel cell buses in selected Euro p e a n bers of the Canadian cabinet can either cities, powered by fuel cells from Ballard accept, reject or modify. That means cabi- Power Systems in Va n c o u v e r. I have rid- net members must weigh the competing den on one such bus in Stockholm, where factors, as it is they who are ultimately re- t h e re is a fueling system provided by a sponsible for siding with one faction division of Hydrogenics of Toronto. against another. T h e re are, to be sure, trade disagre e- The process is further complicated by ments between Canada and the EU. the fact that a decision to impose a safe- Many have to do with agriculture, includ- g u a rd would clearly contradict signals for ing Canada’s push to see greater trade i n c r eased trade being sent by Canadian liberalization in agriculture in Euro p e officials to their Chinese counterparts. and the EU’s efforts to diminish the ro l e None of this is to say that safeguard of the Canadian Wheat Board. Canada is remedies must never be used. There a proponent of the use of growth hor- could be circumstances in which they mones in beef and the broader issue of would be entirely appropriate and neces- genetically modified foods while the Eu- s a r y. But if Canada is going to re s p e c t ropean Union is opposed. both the letter and spirit of the trade The big challenge on both sides of the A new operating system: The number one com- agreements it signs, and if Canada is seri- Atlantic is to sustain interest in maintain- modity Canada imports from China is laptop com- ous about expanding trade with China, ing and enlarging the relationship. But puters. s a f e g u a rd measures must be a last re s o r t Canada-EU free trade is unlikely. Instead, not a first response. the relationship will expand by steady in- (CITT). Safeguard measures provide that That said, there is no question that c rements, dealing with one sector at a w h e re products are being imported in Canadian businesses must adapt to a time and looking for opportunities where su ch nu m be rs a s to ca us e or e ven “new normal” in which China will con- t h e re are shared needs or competencies, t h reaten market disruption, an aff e c t e d tinue to be one of our nation’s most im- such as energy efficiency or advances in W TO member can withdraw trade con- portant trading partners, second only to automotive technologies. cessions or impose surtaxes or quotas. the United States. Some industries have filed global safe- To adapt eff e c t i v e l y, the country cannot David Crane is a Toronto journalist whose g u a rd cases with China as the primary build barriers around domestic indus- column appears Fridays in the Toronto Star. target, while others have used the China- tries. Rather, Canada must identify and specific safeguards allowed by the WTO specialize in those markets where it can China Accession Protocol. excel, despite fierce global competition. Canada-China The China-specific safeguards are Last year in Beijing, Trade Minister Jim e m e rgency measures intended to help Peterson highlighted three areas where Trade Restrictions: W TO members manage a sudden and un- Canada can remain competitive: It enjoys expected influx of imports that are a di- abundant natural re s o u r ces, it has a Last resort, not first rect consequence of China’s joining the highly skilled workforce and it continues WTO. They were not, however, designed to develop innovative technologies. For response to create islands of protectionism amidst these reasons, there is no question that a sea of globalization. Canada can and will be a world leader in By Jack Hughes In some safeguard inquiries, as in the some manufacturing and service-re l a t e d recently concluded case of Chinese out- operations. t is no secret that when the People’s Re- door barbeques, the goods in question China clearly needs Canada’s energ y public of China joined the World Trade will be fairly traded goods – they are nei- re s o u r ces and agriculture to fuel its IO r ganization (WTO), it did so with ther being illegally dumped nor subsi- massive economic engine. As for new considerable economic advantages – dized. For this reason, it is essential that t e c h n o l o g y, Canada sold more than $573

18 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 BEYOND NORTH AMERICA’S BORDERS|DI SPATC H ES

million worth of computer equipment, K o rea) as well as India, Australia and the two economies has improved since e l e c t ronic machinery and mechanical ap- New Zealand highlighted the economic the May meeting, Ottawa could still be pliances to China in 2004 alone. appeal of a consolidated Southeast Asian doing much more. A rguably Canada’s greatest challenge region. For a start, International Trade Canada involves maintaining a skilled workforce. Canada’s longstanding diplomatic re- could schedule regular follow-up meet- Canada is on the verge of a massive de- lationship with Southeast Asian nations ings. While big names such as Manulife, mographic shift, as an increasing number p redates the formal establishment of the Nortel, and Bombardier have already set of Canada’s greatest minds are preparing regional grouping in 1967. Ottawa was up offices, if not regional headquarters in for re t i rement without experienced suc- also one of the first non-member “dia- places like Singapore, Southeast Asia as a cessors to replace them. logue partners” that ASEAN embraced in whole remains ripe for Canadian compa- In order to replenish their ranks, Canada 1977. Economic relations have not lagged will need to reinvest in post-secondary far behind. Indeed, in 2004, two-way education and other professional training. trade between Canada and the associa- TOP 10 P RODUCT PROVIDERS It will also need to renovate its immigra- tion reached $11 billion. This chart shows who Canada imports tion system to attract and retain the best Canadian exports to Southeast A s i a from, as expressed in millions of minds the world has to offer. have primarily been in re s o u rc e - b a s e d Canadian dollars. Imposing trade restrictions on imports goods, such as wheat, fertilizer, wood will not allow Canada to master, or even pulp, lumber and copper. But the figure United States 208,967 manage, its trade relations with China. for exports has traditionally hovered China 24,100 Instead, Canada’s strategy must be to at around one-third of imports fro m Mexico 13,412 play to its strengths and become a force in ASEAN. Yet from 1994 to 2003, A S E A N Japan 13,369 its own right. slipped from being Canada’s fifth-largest United Kingdom 9,654 trading partner to its current rank at Germany 9,415 Jack Hughes is an associate in the Ottawa seventh. Korea, South 5,825 office of Borden Ladner Gervais, LLP. He spe - In May 2005, Canada and A S E A N France 5,334 cializes in international trade and govern - started talks to reverse this downward Norway 4,955 ment relations. t rend. Senior economic officials met in Italy 4,569 To ronto, along with a business forum on Subtotal 299,599

Canada-ASEAN Others 56,112 Pay attention Total – All countries 355,711 Source: Statistics Canada to ASEAN Note: France includes Monaco and French Antilles

By Sarah Tsang nies. Economic opportunities abound for small and medium-sized firms particu- anada would do well to pay atten- larly in the energy and agricultural/agri- tion to the Association of Southeast food sectors, as well telecommunications, CAsia Nations. The ASEAN Fre e e l e c t ronics, and environmental technolo- Trade A rea comprises 10 member econo- gies. mies and 540 million people. With a GDP Canadian investment in ASEAN coun- of approximately $860 billion and a tries is significant, accounting for more g rowth rate forecast to exceed 5.5 per than a third of total Canadian investment cent in 2005, ASEAN economies are in Asia, and far greater than Canadian in- l a r ger than India’s and Brazil’s com- vestment in China. A c c o rding to an A P F bi ned , a nd alm os t hal f tha t of the Canada survey of investment conducted Chinese economy. As such, Canada’s in January 2005, China was the preferred “ e m e rging markets strategy”, as outlined investment destination for 22 per cent of in the April 2005 International Policy respondents, but ASEAN countries were Statement, must pay closer attention to not far behind at 16 per cent. this part of the world. Small but no shrimp: On the list of items Canada Challenges remain, however, for Cana- The leaders of the Association of South- i m p o rts from ASEAN countries, shrimp is 11th. In- dian businesses hoping to tap into South- east Asian Nations (ASEAN), who gath- tegrated circuitry is Number 1. east Asia. One of them is the disparity ered in Kuala Lumpur Dec. 12-14 for the among ASEAN members such as the so- inaugural East Asia Summit took the first market opportunities in Southeast A s i a . phisticated economy of Singapore, con- real steps of harmonizing border contro l s , In preparation for these meetings, For- trasted with less developed countries like as well as laying a legal framework to eign A ffairs Canada and International Laos and Cambodia. Regional marketing form an ASEAN Economic Community – Trade Canada commissioned the Asia Pa- strategies could be easier if Canada were an idea that was first proposed in 2003. cific Foundation of Canada (APF Canada) to conclude free trade negotiations with The participation of the three major East to study Canada-ASEAN trade. While it’s S i n g a p o r e, which have stalled since the Asian economies (China, Japan and South too soon to say whether business between sixth round of talks ended in October

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 19 DI SPATC H ES|BEYOND NORTH AMERICA’S BORDERS

2003. A f ree trade agreement with Singa- forts? The argument for the latter is that p o re, a regional trade and investment Canada’s merchandise exports to Mexico hub, would provide a gateway for Canada between 1994 and 2004 (that is, after into the economies of the rest of South- N A F TA) increased from $1.1 billion in east Asia. 1994 to $3 billion in 2004. Canada’s mer- T h e re are further opportunities. For ex- chandise imports from Mexico over this ample, Malaysia’s recent push to build a same period increased from $4.5 billion in rail line linking Singapore to southern 1994 to $13.4 billion in 2004. This implies China welcomes foreign investment, in- that a free trade area that encompasses cluding Canadian bidders. Ottawa might the entire hemisphere would be beneficial also consider formalizing institutional for Canada. Apart from NAFTA, Canada partnerships at all levels, mirroring the has free trade agreements in South Amer- recently inked U.S.-ASEAN Enhanced ica only, with Chile and Costa Rica. Partnership, which not only symbolically The most interesting potential hemi- upgraded the relationship, but also called spheric market for Canada outside of for follow-up action on a U.S.-ASEAN North America almost surely is Brazil, the trade and investment framework agre e- dominant economic power in South ment. America, with a population of 186 mil- While Canada has long been regarded lion. Canada’s merchandise exports to as a steady dialogue partner in A S E A N - Brazil in 2004 were a mere $950 million, related organizations, as well as a contrib- but imports were higher at $2.3 billion. utor of humanitarian aid and disaster By contrast, Canada’s exports to Cuba — relief, it is now time to upgrade its image A blooming market ignored: Canada imports more population 11 million — that year were oil from Latin America than anything else. Cut in Southeast Asia as an economic partner flowers are 17th on the list. $327 million, and imports $590 million. as well. P e rhaps Canada’s trade with Cuba was relatively large — more than with A r - Sarah Tsang is a graduate of Columbia Uni - t h rough the Canada-U.S. free trade agre e- gentina, for example — because both versity’s journalism program and a research ment. Cuba’s and Canada’s efforts to trade have analyst at the Asia Pacific Foundation Looking further south, Canada was been gre a t e r. Canada is also the second- slow to accept the reality that it shared a l a rgest source of foreign direct investment h e m i s p h e re with Latin America, but it is in Cuba. But clearly, other countries, such Canada-Latin America coming around. The country joined the as Brazil, are building steam. O rganization of American States in 1990, Canada has considerable foreign direct A region of riches and has since played a constructive ro l e investment in the Caribbean — $34 bil- there, both by promoting democracy and lion in 2003, more than eight per cent of By Veronica R. Prado and Sidney Weintraub o ffering technical assistance. With its en- Canada’s total foreign investment at that try in the North American Free Tr a d e time. The investment in Bahamas and anada’s shipments to the United A g reement, Mexico also entered the Barbados is predominantly in finance and States are so overwhelmingly larg e Canadian consciousness. insurance. By contrast, in South America, Cas a percentage of the total that they But the region hasn’t been completely it is focussed on energy and mining. leave little room for exports to other re- i g n o r ed. Many Caribbean countries Canada has advantages if it decides to gions. Merchandise exports to the United formed part of the Commonwealth, so deepen its economic interests in Latin States in 2004 were $348 billion, nearly 85 Canada has had some economic relations America. It has no history of self-aggran- per cent of all such Canadian exports. with the English-speaking countries of dizement and its GDP is higher than that They re p resent more than a quarter of this region. To this day, however, Canada of any hemispheric country other than Canada’s gross domestic product. exports little to the bulk of Latin America the United States. The contrast in this This overwhelming dependence on a – the area extending south from Mexico single country has not harmed Canada’s to the Straits of Magellan. economic growth in recent years, but the The table at right shows Canadian CANADIAN M ER CHANDISE TRADE B Y REGION: potential is there. Canada has tried for trade in 2004. Canada’s export to Latin 2 0 0 4 (B IL LIONS OF CANADIAN DOL LARS) decades to diversify its export destina- America (other than Mexico, which is in- tions, but without much success thanks cluded in the North American figure s ) Exports % Import % primarily to the size of the U.S. market was only one per cent of its total trade North America 351.1 85.27 222.4 62.6 and the fact that more than 70 per cent of that year. The United States is less domi- Latin America 4.3 1.02 9.1 2.6 the trade with the United States is be- nant in Canada’s imports, which leaves Europe 25.9 6.28 50.6 14.4 tween related parties. That means trade m o re room for other suppliers, but even Asia-Pacific 26.4 6.41 61.2 17.3 takes place from within firms or between here, the Latin American share is only 2.6 Middle East 2.9 0.70 4.2 1.2 companies that have set contracts. The per cent of the total. Africa 1.3 0.32 4.6 1.4 two countries can ship goods to each Do these relatively low percentages re- TOTAL 411.8 100.0 355.7 100.0 other with low transportation costs and flect iron laws of economics, or can they few border barriers at all stages of pro- be explained in part by Canada’s relative Notes: 1. Totals may not add due to rounding. 2. Mexico is included in North America. Source: Statistics Canada duction. Both advantages have improved neglect of Latin America in its trade ef-

20 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 BEYOND NORTH AMERICA’S BORDERS|DI SPATC H ES

h e m i s p h e r e is with the United States, pear ready for most Canadian goods. mary source of Canadian immigration whi ch i s a gl ob al po wer. S o wh e n This pattern contrasts with other de- nor strategically important. Canada sits down to talk with a South veloping areas where Canada perc e i v e s T h e re is an exception in the Canadian American country, the atmosphere is g reater long-term interests and more scheme, but it is episodic. Quebec’s con- m o re relaxed. trade potential. With burgeoning immi- tinuing desire to connect to the Fre n c h - Even if Canada increased its economic gration from Asia, Canada is focused in- speaking world creates special ties to the activities in Latin America, the amount of creasingly on trade with India and China, countries of francophone Africa, but trade diversification that would re s u l t countries eager to buy both Canada’s nat- those linguistic and cultural ties have would be modest at best, but there is no ural re s o u rces and its finished goods. translated little into trade and economics. downside to such a move. Like most of the advanced We s t e r n Instead, Quebec has been a force encour- world, the Canadian market is wide open aging African aid, but not trade. Veronica R. Prado is a fellow with the to Chinese and Indian goods, and China Canadian exports to South Africa, the William E. Simon Chair in Political Econ - has emerged as Canada’s third - l a rg e s t only African country among Canada’s omy at the Center for Strategic and Interna - foreign supplier. top 30 trade partners, is growing more tional Studies (CSIS) in Washington. Also at Historical relations also define trade than 25 per cent annually. Nevertheless, the Centre, Sidney Weintraub holds the patterns. Canada depends overwhelm- trade with South Africa consumes less William E. Simon Chair in Political Econ - ingly for trade on the United States, than one-tenth of one per cent of Canada’s omy. His most recent book is NAFTA’s Im- which absorbs more than 86 per cent of exports. Africa remains remote, under- pact on North America: The First Decade Canada’s exports and supplies nearly capitalized, and incapable of attracting (CSIS Press, 2004). t w o - t h i rds of its imports. Canada’s sec- Canada’s strategic or economic intere s t . ond-largest trade partner is the European Humanitarian aid will surely continue Union. Such advanced societies can af- and gro w, but there are no obvious re a - Canada-Africa sons why or how trade should or would develop. Africa needs trade, For the Doha Round, Canada may champion the cause of developing coun- not aid tries, as often it has in the past, but Cana- dian-African trade cannot be expected to Elliot J. Feldman approach significant levels in the near or mid-term, and will not likely do so until any say the 2006 Doha Round Canadians feel an impact from immigra- should be the trade session de- tion and an increased demand for A f r i c a n Mvoted to developing countries. goods. To succeed, however, meaningful trade Development of trade derived fro m relations between the developed and de- immigration remains remote for Cana- veloping worlds would have to exist. dian-African relations because Canadian That, unfortunately, is not always the immigration is biased toward the pro f e s- case. For Canada, at least, aid and trade sionally trained and skilled, the aff l u e n t are separate worlds. and healthy. With widespread HIV Forty-six per cent of Canada’s curre n t compounding more general poverty, foreign aid (about $1.6 billion) is devoted Africans have great difficulty qualifying to Africa, but only 0.3 per cent of Canada’s for permanent Canadian status. The in- exports make their way to that continent, t e rest in products from home stimulated and Africa supplies only 1.4 per cent of by immigrants and ethnic roots would Canada’s imports. We re it not for Niger- re q u i re more Canadians of African ori- ian oil and growing trade with the more Ripe for the picking: The primary commodity gin, which cannot be expected any time p ro s p e rous South Africa, Africa’s share of Canada imports from Africa is oil, cocoa beans are s o o n . Canada’s vast import market would second and oranges (mandarins, clementines, Wi l k- The only possible change could come b a rely reach a full percentage point. ings, and similar citrus hybrids) are fifth. f rom terrorism and a concern that A f r i c a Canada’s humanitarian instincts are in- could be a breeding ground thre a t e n i n g clined strongly to Africa, but it has little f o rd Canada’s goods, and can supply Canadian security. However, the re s p o n s e i n t e rest in what Africa has to offer eco- Canada’s appetite for similarly sophisti- more likely would be more aid, not trade. n o m i c a l l y. Oil is just over half of total cated products. This focus would be a mistake. A s t a- Canadian imports from Africa, and im- The North American Free Trade A g re e- ble relationship will re q u i re more re c i- ports of manufactured goods are virtually ment and the World Trade Org a n i z a t i o n p rocity than charity, but there is little in non-existent. tie Canada to the United States, Mexico, Canadian foreign policy or its trade prior- Africa is a weak market for Canadian E u rope, Japan, and now China and the ities that is likely to adjust Canada’s un- goods, which generally are too sophisti- rest of Asia. These economic intere s t s derstanding of how its interests could cated for poor countries. Top exports to m i r r or Canada’s ethnic origins, most best be served in Africa. Africa include used clothing, along with p ro s p e rous development, and its strategic m a c h i n e r y, cereals and communications i n t e rests around the globe. Africa is sim- Elliot J. Feldman is a partner with Baker & equipment. African societies do not ap- ply not a significant player: neither a pri- Hostetler LLP in Washington, D.C.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 21 DI SPATC H ES|TRADE WINDS

An “extremely” open market The EU Ambassador tells Gurprit Kindra Canadian businesses ignore the EU’s potential because trade with the U.S. is easier

anada and the EU have had close historical and cultural ties for cen- Cturies, with a formal relationship in place since 1976. They confer and consult regularly. With four “basic instruments of agree- ment”, some 23 sectoral agreements in place and the “trade and investment en- hancement agreement” under negotia- tion, the trading partners hold two summits a year, and numerous other meetings. In 2004, the EU was a significant trade p a r t n e r, accounting for more than 14 per cent of its imports and more than six per cent of its exports. From an EU perspec- tive, during the same period, Canada was its ninth largest external trading partner accounting for 1.6 per cent of EU imports and 2.3 per cent of its exports. The trade relationship is healthy, but, as the EU expands and evolves, it faces n u m e rous challenges including interna- tional security, the uneven distribution of the re w a rds of globalization, threats to multilateralism, climate change, and a po- tential avian flu pandemic. D i p l o m a t ’s trade columnist Gurprit Kindra sat down with EU A m b a s s a d o r Eric Hayes to chat about some of these is- sues.

G K : In te r ms o f re g io ns , th e E U i s Canada’s second largest trade partner, yet Canadians should be attracted to the EU because there are many similarities between the two markets — and because the EU has 450 million consumers. in absolute terms, Canadian exports to the EU are very small. The trade deficit between the two partners is significant. with its trade with the U.S.; this is per- makes the EU an attractive destination for Why does EU not buy more of Canadian fectly normal in a multilateral trade envi- Canadian investors? products and services? ronment. EH: Investment is indeed an important is- E H : Trade and investment decisions are sue. These days, investment is becoming made by businesses and not govern- GK: What should Canadian businesses be a key driver in the economic linkage be- ments. Business decisions are influenced doing to sell more to the EU? tween mature economies such as Canada by a range of factors like transport and EH: The EU market is an extremely open and the EU. If one looks at the investment other costs of doing business, language, one. It could be that Canadian businesses f i g u res, we find that in any given year, c u l t u re, consumer tastes, as well as by the have not yet focused sufficiently on the EU accounts for approximately 25 per regulatory environment. Governments substantial opportunities it offers, in part cent of two-way Canadian FDI (fore i g n can try to create a regulatory enviro n - because of the ready attraction of the d i rect investment), which is far higher ment that is conducive, which is what we neighbouring U.S. market. than for trade in goods and services. In a re trying to do with the “trade and in- terms of what attracts Canadian investors vestment enhancement agreement”. But, GK: Of course, a more complete picture to the EU, a recent study points to things at the end of the day, it’s (businesspeople) emerges when we look at the investment like the relative ease of conducting opera- that make the decision. Canada runs a figures. Canada and the EU show a lot of tions in the EU, linguistic factors (for cer- trade deficit with the EU and a surplus mutual confidence in this area. What tain member states), an established legal

22 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 TRADE WINDS|DI SPATC H ES

framework, availability of a skilled work- is partially supported by a new Wo r l d t h ree decades you can see similar exam- force, good infrastructure, geographic ad- Bank study. ples. I think the important thing is that vantage for entry into the Eastern Europe EH: The reality is that all countries both sides have to look at the size and im- markets, and of course the large size of in some form or another assist their portance of the relationship between the the EU market – over 450 million con- farmers. It’s true in the U.S. and it’s tru e EU and the U.S. and recognize that at the sumers. So, Canadian businesses find the for Canada, and even for countries like end of the day both have a vested interest EU an attractive place for investing. Australia and New Zealand. What we in making it work despite diff e ren ces of have to do in the Doha process is to move opinion on individual issues. This is very GK: In spite of the rising Euro? forward on all three pillars: export subsi- much where the thrust of the relationship EH: The Euro goes up and the Euro goes dization, domestic subsides and market is these days. down. The rising Euro does not seem to access. This is what we have sought to have discouraged certain recent major do. G K : Like the previous two ministerial Canadian business investment decisions meetings, there are strong indications that in Europe. GK: The Joint Summit Declaration of the Hong Kong round will remain polar- Canada-EU Summit meeting of June 2005 ized, because the 148 member nations G K: Wh at a ttr ac ts E U in ves tors to makes it clear Canada and the EU are cannot bridge the gap between agricul- Canada? committed to a “rules-based multilateral tural subsidies, industrial tariffs and mar- EH: Many of the factors that attract Cana- ket access. Does the EU share the blame dians to the EU also apply in the opposite for this failure? direction. But also, Canada provides easy THE U.S. AND EU H AV E H AD E H : EU is the world’s largest importer of access to the greater North A m e r i c a n THEIR D IFFERENCES. BUT THE agricultural goods. We import more from markets. Canada also provides incentives developing countries then the rest of all to investors at the federal and pro v i n c i a l EMPHASIS OF BOTH SID ES IS de veloped countrie s put toge ther. levels that are attractive to small- and Canada, for example, I think, runs a sub- medium-sized businesses in the EU. V E R Y MU CH ON INCREASING stantial surplus in agriculture. As I said b e f o re, all countries assist their farmers in C O O P E R A TION AND MOVING GK: Globalization presents a real opportu- one form or another and the important nity for the world’s poor to improve their F O R WARD ON TH E BASIS OF thing is that in the Doha Round, we standard of living. However, it seems the should address all the aspects of agricul- benefits of globalization cannot be dis- OUR MANY SHA RED VA L U E S tural support: export and domestic subsi- tributed evenly without a proper balance dies as well as market access. We will A ND CONC ERNS. between market forces and pro t e c t i o n i s m . look for all our partners – including Who do you think is best positioned to Canada – to follow our example in put- enforce this balance? system with the United Nations as its ting a generous offer on the table to move EH: I am not sure that the Commission central organ”. But with strong unilateral the process forward. would agree with the premise of your instincts of the U.S. and France for exam- question. In our view the best way to pro- ple, is this realistic? GK: As you near the end of your term in mote development is to offer trading op- EH: The EU and its member states are Ottawa, are you satisfied with what you portunities to developing countries, and firmly committed to the multilateral have accomplished? then to help them, via our assistance pro- p rocess, both as re g a r ds international EH: Yes. My mandate was to nurture and grams, to exploit those opportunities. A s trade rules and as re g a rds international enhance our bilateral relationship with you might know, we have a pro g r a m policy in general. France is a founding Canada. A lot has been achieved over the called “Everything but Arms” which member of the EU and plays its full part past three years. We have seen the new gives total tariff and quota-free access to in the formulation of EU positions. The “partnership agenda” adopted, the devel- EU for the 50 least developed countries U.S. and EU have had their diff e re n c e s . opment of the framework for the TIEA on the UN list. We hope that, in the Doha This is hardly surprising given the size (trade and investment enhancement Round, other countries follow our exam- and the importance of the re l a t i o n s h i p . a g reem ent), which we are in the pro c e s s ple of providing totally free access to the But the emphasis of both sides is very of fleshing out through negotiations, as p o o rest countries, to help provide a de- much on increasing cooperation and well as a number of other important bilat- velopment-friendly package of trade lib- moving forward on the basis of our many eral agreements such as the ones dealing eralization. This program is an example shared values and concerns. with joint crisis management, and the of our attempts to provide opportunities sharing of information related to passen- for sharing the benefits of trade and glob- G K : Talking of shared values, of late, one gers’ re c o r ds. I am very much pleased alization. sees more examples of value-discord that these things have reached fru i t i o n , rather than cooperation, like the issue of and would venture to hope that my own GK: But the poor countries are saying that s e c ret U.S. prisons in some member states e fforts have played at least some part in is not enough. Agricultural subsidies of the EU. Are nerves getting frayed? that process. within the EU are a major point of con- EH: There have always been points of dis- tention and many feel that the poor coun- agreement. D r. Gurprit Kindra is an international tries might lose more than they gain from marketing consultant and a professor of man - a trade deal that does not eliminate EU GK: But not of this magnitude? agement at the University of Ottawa. Email subsidies across the board. And this view E H : Well, if you look back over two or [email protected] to reach him.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 23 DI SPATC H ES|FA C E - O F F

Gently supporting cultural exports The Liberal government has helped foster Canada’s $5-billion cultural export industry through effective programs, explains Liza Frulla

anada’s vibrant arts and culture tics on the export of cultural products and sector is a significant force in our services. In addition, we are working to Ce c o n o m y. Simply in terms of dol- widen the scope of market intelligence in lars, it re p resents $40 billion, or nearly 4 the arts and cultural sector so Canada can p e rcent of Canada’s GDP. However, the capitalize on its strengths. We also want Canadian population – at less than 32 to help exporters better adjust to market million – is too small to sustain the full changes. potential of Canadian culture. Because of its diverse approach to pro- Fortunately, world markets have a role moting culture, Trade Routes was able to to play here. They enable us to share our p r ovide assistance to the Conseil des c u l t u re and tell our stories, and they are métiers d’art du Québec in marketing its essential to ensuring that our cultural en- craft sector in international markets. terprises remain viable and competitive. A c c o rding to Louise Chapados, dire c- For that reason, developing international tor of development, services and pro j e c t markets play a key role in meeting the funding at the Conseil, the program “con- Canadian government’s cultural policy tributes to the reputation of artists and goals of investing in excellence and en- c reators and to the development of cul- suring a healthy cultural supply chain, tural trade abroad in an important way.” from creator to citizen. Canadian cultural exporters have been Trade Routes, is a government of successful in diversifying into the Euro- Canada program that facilitates the ex- pean market. The federal government, port of cultural products and services t h r ough Trade Routes, will continue to a round the world. Having worked closely seek new market opportunities for Cana- with the cultural industry since 2001, this dian products and services in the United p rogram supports a variety of cultural States—our largest cultural trading part- trade sectors, including design, visual WE HAVE DEMONSTRAT E D ner—and in emerging markets like China, arts, crafts, film and television, new me- OUR COMMITMENT TO India, and Latin America. dia, publishing, and sound re c o r d i n g . This government has always re c o g - E m p l o y i n g 5 9 7 000 Canadians, the cul- INCR EASIN G CULTURAL nized the importance of sharing culture tural sector re p resents annual exports of E X P O R TS BY WORKIN G to enhance the diversity of global expres- more than $5 billion. sion. For that reason, Canada has played The Trade Routes program helps C L O S E LY WITH CANA DIAN a leading role in bringing about the UN- Canada’s cultural entre p reneurs, in par- C U L TURAL BUSINESSES. ESCO (United Nations Educational, Sci- ticular small- and medium-sized busi- entific and Cultural Org a n i z a t i o n ) nesses, succeed in the global market by convention on the protection and promo- enabling them to make the most of op- ing company that supplies teaching mate- tion of the diversity of cultural expre s- portunities to increase their exports and rials to elementary schools, called Themes sions. sales in international markets. and Variations, expanded from Canada We have demonstrated our commit- Cultural trade advisers, located acro s s into the Australian and U.S. markets. Like ment to increasing cultural exports by Canada and in key Canadian missions many other companies, Themes and Vari- working closely with Canadian cultural abroad, help businesses decide if they are ations would not have risked the invest- businesses. However, in the long run, it is ready for these new markets. Those same ment re q u i red to market its products so up to Canadian entre p reneurs to make trade advisers help them assess their extensively in the U.S. and Australia on the decision to export abroad. business plans and establish the networks its own. Trade Routes provided the infor- We are very proud of our cultural per- necessary to secure agreements with in- mation and advice this company to formers, artisans, and industries, and we ternational buyers. These advisers are re- choose the right market for the its at the will continue to work to ensure that all sponsible for making more than 2 , 5 0 0 right time. a reas of the arts and culture sector re m a i n contacts each year—including potential The government is also working to in- competitive in this ever more globalized f o reign partners, consumers, and Cana- c rease cultural exports by equipping world. dian exporters. Canadian companies with the tools they Thanks to the support provided by the need to be successful in foreign markets At press time, Liza Frulla was Canada’s Trades Routes program, a music publish- and by providing more complete statis- heritage minister.

24 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 FA C E - O F F |DI SPATC H ES

Exporting Can-con The Conservative Party is committed to making culture a significant part of Canada’s bevy of trading commodities, Bev Oda argues

have had a life-long passion for Cana- benefits might be achieved with joint dian culture and the arts. I have always strategies and planning with these Ibelieved that Canada has an enormous provinces. Cultural trade missions, coop- wealth of talented creators to offer the erative tours and exhibitions, share d world. In every region of Canada our cre- spaces and exchanges are only a few rec- ative community contributes to the heart ommendations presented to me by many and soul of who we are as a people, a Canadians. community and a country. An exciting opportunity is developing The Conservative Party of Canada for a new group among our cultural cre- supports and respects the UNESCO Dec- ators and artists. We must look to the po- laration for Cultural Diversity. Every na- tential in new media. We are entering a tion must continue to have the freedom to time where voice, graphics, text and support and enhance its artistic and cul- video content can be accessed in a bord e r- tural endeavours. less world, providing exciting new op- Our artists, musicians, painters, writers, portunities for our artists and cre a t o r s . s c u l p t u r es and architect are world- Rapid technological advances are chal- renowned. They are our cultural ambassa- lenging our traditional approach in the dors. However, we have the potential for many cultural sectors and, with them, our so much more. The Canadian arts and cul- management and exchange of our works t u re sector currently contributes $40 bil- in this format must also evolve. With cre- lion a year to our economy, yet less than a t i v i t y, foresight and determination, I $5 billion of that is in the international ex- know we can capture the possibilities in ports of our cultural products and serv- the new media world as a boundless and ices. This means that less than 13 per cent export-friendly support for our cultural of the sector’s revenues are generated products and services. t h rough the exports of our world-class R E P O R TS TO TH E STA N D I N G The Conservative Party recognizes that works and talent. COMMITTEE FOR CA NADIAN the way in which young people view and Canada needs to open more doors to e x p ress culture is changing. We under- a d d ress our trade deficit of $2 billion in H E R I T AGE SHOW THER E IS stand that this emerging sector in are a s cultural goods. By focusing on exploring NO ACC OUNTA BILITY OR such as animation, video game design, in- the full potential in the international com- teractive media and other creative digital munity, our cultural exports can flourish. MEASUREMENT OF THE pursuits, is largely composed of individ- Our diversity provides Canada with uals, small and medium enterprises in SUCC ESS OF ITS PROGRA MS. the ideal platform from which to export Canada. I want to build on the gro w i n g our cultural products worldwide. It gives success of our new media creators and us access to overseas markets, and facili- marketplace. This re q u i r es looking at recognize Canada’s potential for interna- tates the international promotion of Cana- every step along the way. tional recognition in this field. dian culture by each and every Canadian. Canada can build its support for the I will continue to support, guide and I want to ensure that government pro- arts by sharing responsibility with the n u r t u re the increased trade of Canadian grams recognize this unique advantage to private sector and other governments in- cultural products and services – an essen- improve on our efforts for the promotion ternationally. Canada’s private sector has tial component to the survival of Canada’s of our arts and international market de- always been an essential partner in the cultural industries as part of a new gov- velopment. p romotion of our cultural talent and ernment. Existing programs within International artists. Its members recognize the value of I look forward to being part of a new Trade Canada must be reviewed. Reports putting a spotlight on Canada’s arts and era in Canada’s cultural history. The Con- to the Standing Committee for Canadian c u l t u re communities. These mutually servative Party has a deep commitment Heritage show there is no accountability beneficial endeavours are integral to the to culture and the arts. We will build on or measurement of the success of its pro- survival of our arts and culture. their strengths here in Canada and en- grams. We must ensure that the pro g r a m s Many of our provinces undertake and hance their participation internationally. a re focused on increasing opportunities launch rich, robust programs in support for successful market share growth of our of their cultural organizations and agen- At press time, Bev Oda was the heritage cultural products in the international cies. By working together, incre m e n t a l critic for the Conservative Party of Canada.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 25 DI SPATC H ES|C H AV EZ’S REVOLUTION

Instigator of the year C h á v e z ’s Bolivarian Revolution is a hodgepodge of state-led initiatives to provide basic health and education for the poor, but shrewd fiscal policies show the man is not entirely left-leaning

By Dean Foster

ugo Chávez, the fiery-tongued p r esident of Venezuela, was no Hstranger to North American head- lines in late 2005. Openly attacking the Bush administration and “American impe- rialism” last fall at the United Nations in New York and the Summit of the A m e r i- cas in A rgentina, Mr. Chávez has drawn applause from the anti-globalization left, condemnation from the right, and inquiry f rom all sides re g a rding his history, politics and the ambitions for his “Bolivarian Rev- olution” in Venezuela and abro a d . In this re g a rd, non-Spanish-speaking readers benefited from a spurt of publica- tions on Mr. Chávez in the second half of 2005. They included Richard Gott’s Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution a n d Michael McCaughan’s The Battle of Ve n e z u e l a , two books by veteran British journalists working in Latin America. Both authors, while sympathetic to Mr. Chávez and his political project, are clear- headed and even-handedly tell the story of the Venezuelan president’s rise to p rominence and his country’s turbulent politics since he came to power in a 1998 election. The first half of Mr. Gott’s book sketches Venezuela’s history of re v o l u- tionary politics, the political and intellec- tual influences on its current pre s i d e n t , and his rise to prominence before coming to power. That prominence includes the failed 1992 military coup led by Mr. Appealing to the impoverished majority in Venezuela, President Hugo Chávez has built an army of sup- Chávez, then a colonel in the Venezuelan porters acting on personal faith. army. The second half details Mr. Chávez’s command of events following his 1998 political history since 1998 and comple- have saved Mr. Chávez from the opposi- p residential election victory, including the ments Mr. Gott’s book fairly well, often tion’s numerous attempts to unseat him. formation and politics of his opposition, adding new details or context to the story. Both books paint Mr. Chávez as a bril- the failed 2002 military coup against him, Particularly illuminating is Mr. Mc- liant and pragmatic political operator: the “economic coup” that included the Caughan’s description of Mr. Chávez’s “an ideological chameleon with an in- devastating strike of the country’s oil populist political style. Reaching out to stinctive grasp of the issues discussed at workers later that year, and the recall ref- Venezuela’s impoverished majority, most dinner tables” in Venezuela, according to e rendum organized by the opposition in of which work in the informal sector and M r. McCaughan. The sympathy of both 2004, where Mr. Chávez was victorious at remain outside of traditional political or- authors to Mr. Chávez doesn’t harm their the polls in a vote certified clean by inter- ganizations like political parties and c l a r i t y, and their biases can be offset by national observers. unions, Mr. Chávez has built an army of attending to the growing chorus fro m Mr. McCaughan offers a more straight- supporters that act more upon “personal conservative American think-tanks and up, journalistic account of Ve n e z u e l a ’ s faith than ideological conviction” and most news media. These critics accuse

26 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 C H AV EZ’S REVOLUTION|DI SPATC H ES

M r. Chávez of packing the country’s barring catastrophe, is a lock to win the Venezuela’s oil and has been unable to courts with his supporters, weakening country’s 2006 presidential election. isolate Mr. Chávez from his Latin Ameri- the private news media, beginning an Given the probability that he will re- can neighbours. Also, he remains in arms buildup with purchases from Russia main in power until at least 2012 (and power because he won elections so the and elsewhere, and attempting to spread likely remain an influential figure in Americans can’t call him a dictator, as his Bolivarian Revolution across Latin Venezuela and the rest of Latin A m e r i c a with Fidel Castro in Cuba. As for Mr. America. much longer), any foreign policy strategy Chávez himself, his anti-American rheto- The authors, however, see the story as t o w a rds him has to look reasonably far ric did not appear until after the 2002 one of Mr. Chávez struggling to sweep into the future. coup attempt, an adventure that was away Venezuela’s entire corrupt political In the United States, advocates of a quickly endorsed by Washington. The system, including much of the private hard line against Mr. Chávez will take is- U.S. leadership change in 2008 may pro- media and judiciary which form part of sue with those who seek less hostile en- duce friendlier relations, even with a Re- that system, to empower the country’s gagement, along the lines of the Cuba publican president. f o re v e r- i g n o red and impoverished major- debate (with many of the same voices on So far, Canada has remained silent on i t y. Even his military purchases are justi- M r. Chávez, even though he has helped fied in light of hostility from the United thwart Canada’s efforts to pro m o t e States and the chaos just across the bord e r WHILE BUSH democracy in regional summits. He is in Colombia. also the most vocal opponent of renewed Mr. Chávez’s “Bolivarian Revolution,” negotiations for a Free Trade A rea of the while grand in his speeches and televi- A D M I N I S T R ATION Americas (FTAA), Canada’s trade priority sion addresses, remains vague in practice: in the hemisphere. However, Venezuela is It’s a hodgepodge of state-led initiatives RHETORIC HAS TURNED Canada’s second-largest trading partner to provide basic health and education for in South America (after Brazil) with $1.8 the poor with the help of Cuban doctors HOSTILE AGAIN AFTER billion exchanged in 2004. As noted, Mr. and learning programs, farming and in- Chávez seeks to make Venezuela a full dustrial experiments, and some land re- A LULL, THIS STRAT E G Y member of the Mercosur customs union, forms and property rights granted to land with which Canada may negotiate a fre e occupied, but not formally owned, by trade agreement. Canada could one day squatters, (not unlike the ideas advocated M AY SOFTEN. THE UNITED find itself talking trade, with Ve n e z u e l a by Peruvian neo-liberal economist Her- sitting across the table. nando de Soto). Mr. Chávez, so far, is no S T ATES NEEDS Should Mr. Chávez be cleanly elected d i e h a rd communist planning to re w o r k in 2006, a higher level of contact with him the Venezuelan economy along the V E N E Z U E L A’S OIL AND could allow Canada to reach out to the Cuban model. While he wins points at re s u r gent Lati n American le ft and anti-globalization rallies throughout Latin dampen conflict between the Venezuelan America for denouncing neo-liberalism, HAS BEEN UNABLE TO president and Canada’s foreign and trade capitalism, U.S. “imperialism” and the policies in the region. As with Cuba, F ree Trade A rea of the Americas, he has I S O L ATE MR. CHÁVEZ Canada’s best bet is to applaud any ad- maintained the importance of the private vances made by the Chávez govern- sector in the economy, promotes fore i g n FROM HIS LATIN ment’s pro-poor efforts, and rebuke any investment in his country and seeks trade drift towards authoritarianism. liberalization in other ways, like making AMERICAN NEIGHBOURS. Venezuela a full partner in the Merc o s u r trade bloc of Brazil, A rgentina, Uru g u a y, and Paraguay. After the failure of opposition attempts each side). Latin America hawks are un- to unseat him, Mr. Chávez is now firmly happy with his revolutionary rh e t o r i c , in power. The failed military coup against g rowing arsenal, and support (including him in 2002 and the strike of workers financial) for leftist groups in the re g i o n , within the state oil company the same several of which may soon come to year allowed him to legally re t i re score s power through elections in Bolivia and of hostile figures in both institutions and Nicaragua. However, Venezuelan oil sales p romote his supporters. Both are now un- to the U.S. (15 per cent of the market) and Hugo Chavez and the The Battle of der the control of Chávez loyalists, and the potential for global oil price hikes Bolivarian Revolution, Venezuela, by Michael reports are emerging of re p r e s s i o n f rom a supply disruption in Ve n e z u e l a by Richard Gott. McCaughan, Seven against Chávez critics in the military. His p reclude either an economic embargo or Verso, 2005 ($25) Stories Press, 2005 political opposition, a leaderless and “ regime change,” especially while the ($17.95) deeply divided coalition, is in tatters after country lacks a credible opposition to losing the 2004 recall vote. Flush with oil support. Dean Foster is a research associate in the cash for spending at home and beyond While Bush administration rhetoric has Centre for Negotiation and Dispute Resolu - his borders, Mr. Chávez is enjoying turned hostile again after a lull, this strat- tion at Carleton University’s Norman Pater - higher than ever public approval and, egy may soften. The United States needs son School of International Affairs.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 27 D E L I G H T S |E N T E R TA I N I N G

Vienna’s victuals

on’t worry. Larry’s fine. came animated with leaves a piece of coal rather than a choco- You have probably heard h u n d reds of glittering late in the shoe of naughty children. Larry “Dthat there has been a fire at b a l l s , f r o m t h e and I still observe this occasion in our the embassy,” said a calm voice at the Plumbers’ Ball to the home. Experiences in the foreign service other end of the telephone. most prestigious Opera have sensitively shaped our lives. It was to be a milestone in our young Ball. We splurged and married life: My husband Larry’s first danced through the Margaret Dickenson is author of the day of work as a Canadian diplomat imperial ballrooms of award-winning cookbook, From the Ambas - a b road coincided with our first daugh- M A R G A R E T the Hapsburgs along sador’s Table and creator/host of Margaret’s D I C K E N S O N t e r ’s first birthday. Hours later, when with 3,000 other guests Entertaining Minutes, seen daily on Rogers Larry – dirty, disheveled, without his at the Hofburg Palace. It was rather exhil- Cable (www.margaretssenseofoccasion.com). glasses, shoes and suit jacket – walked arating for a couple of farm kids from t h rough our hotel room door, the shock rural Ontario. PR UNES IN PORT WITH C HE STNUT set in. A deranged Eastern European im- We had frequent casual outings to tra- M O U S S E migrant to Canada had fire-bombed the ditional Heuriger taverns (wine bar fifth floor or the Canadian Embassy in Vi- restaurants) for a true taste of local cul- enna. t u re. Although Grinzing was among the With the stairwell positioned beside best known areas for such amusement, the centrally located elevator shaft at the we pre f e r red locations where the clients site of the exploding Molotov cocktails, were Austrians. These simple restaurants employees rushed to remote offices hop- furnished with basic picnic-like tables ing firefighters would rescue them in and backless benches, offered local wines time. Two perished while the others nar- from the current year’s harvest served in rowly escaped. It was a rough start to a suspended decanters (much like in chem- career. istry labs). The unpretentious but tasty Larry was on temporary duty in Vi- menu was predictable – grilled chicken, enna for an unspecified length of time be- steak or sausage served with salad and f o re he would be sent to Moscow for a fries. permanent assignment. After thre e A stay in Vienna had to include at least months, we had hoped to stay for a full- one visit to the historic Sacher Hotel to in- length assignment; but that was not to be. dulge in a sample of its world-renowned A c c redited to Austria and several East- Sacher tort. The secret recipe created in ern European countries, Larry traveled a 1832 by Franz Sacher, is three layers of lot. I didn’t mind being left behind with chocolate cake with apricot jam, covere d Makes 4 to 6 servings our daughter Tonya. Our gro u n d - f l o o r in a rich creamy chocolate glaze and apartment in a large home within walk- served with mounds of whipped cre a m . Memories of our short posting to Austria, ing distance of Schoenbrunn Palace, was (The Linzertorte is another famous A u s - have inspired this recipe where “less is a far cry from our student-loan-poor digs trian cake.) m o r e”. Exceedingly quick and easy to in Ottawa. For our daily needs, we went Viennese food was hearty and always p re p a re, it is graciously appealing in all down the street to a series of small shops, homemade delicious: dumplings, Wiener its simplicity. Just soak ordinary pitted each providing an individual staple – schnitzel, stews, roasts of all kinds includ- prunes in Port for a few days, whip a lit- eggs, dairy products, meat, wine, fru i t , ing venison, hare, goose and offal. Fro m tle cream, fold in some chestnut purée (if b rea d, etc. Austrians love of children so cookies and cakes to strudels and fritters desired) and dessert is ready. However, it m e rchants would slip Tonya a bun here, a with poppy seeds, sweets were abundant. is the presentation that makes all of the slice of cheese or meat there – and always We loved trying them, along with good difference. a chocolate. I simply accepted that our s t rong coffee, at the many local coff e e outings would be lunch on the road for houses. 20 pitted prunes (about 7 oz or 200 g) Tonya. It was amazing to see local Images of Austria have inspired me to 1/2 cup (125 mL) Port (red) woman purchasing only what was re- c reate many recipes. My Prunes in Port q u i red for that day. But at that time – i t with Chestnut Cream recipe brings back Chestnut Mousse was the summer of 1969 – many were fond memories of chestnuts roasting in war widows living alone in small flats l a rge drums on cold fall street corners 1/2 cup (125 mL) heavy cream (35 per without a fridge or much in the way of and of prunes, which served as the head cent fat), chilled cupboards. of dried fruit sculptures of Krampus. 1/4 tsp (1 mL) ground cinnamon Vienna was magical. During the ex- Krampus is the devil-like figure that, on 1/2 cup (125 mL) chestnut purée with travagant winter ball season, the city be- the night of Dec. 6, St. Nicolas’s day, vanilla*, chilled

28 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 E N T E R TA I N I N G |D E L I G H T S

Garnish

1/3 cup (80 mL) toasted sliced almonds

1. Rinse prunes, drain well and place in a single layer in an airtight plastic con- t a i n e r. Cover prunes completely with port and store refrigerated for at least several days (or up to several months). Turn oc- casionally. 2. Whip cream and cinnamon in a small chilled bowl with chilled beaters until firm peaks form. Fold in chilled chestnut purée to create a Chestnut Mousse. (Makes about 1 1/3 cups or 325 mL.) 3. Shape individual prunes into little “nest” shapes (with slit at top centre). 4. Just before serving, fill prunes gener- ously with Chestnut Mousse (or whipped c rea m) and crown with toasted slivere d almonds. 5. For individual portions, serve thre e filled prunes. (An extra couple of prunes per person remain, if seconds are de- sired.)

Option: Simply serve the prunes with the whipped cream or cinnamon whipped c ream (sweetened to taste) and cro w n e d with toasted sliced almonds.

* This is a commercial product (sweet) available at many supermarkets (or spe- cialty food stores) in the canned fruit sec- tion. (Note: I always freeze leftover portions of the chestnut purée in a labeled airtight plastic container, to be used the next time I make this recipe.)

Make ahead tip (Step 2): The Chestnut Mousse may be pre p a red a day in ad- vance and refrigerated. (I have had suc- cess both in keeping the Chestnut Mousse refrigerated for up to several days and also in freezing leftover portions for use later.)

Presentation tip: I present the dark p runes in an isolated manner on a stark white plate. Note: Sometimes instead of filling the prunes, I simply plate them and serve the Chestnut Mousse (or whipped c ream) separately either on the individual plates or in a bowl to be passed at the table.

Alternative use idea: Serve a plate of Prunes in Port (with Chestnut Mousse) as an impressive finishing touch for a spe- cial occasion breakfast or brunch. (Do this in much in the same way you might serve chocolates after dinner.)

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 29 LES SUITES ADVERTOIAL HIDDEN GEMS|D E L I G H T S

A wild idea

By Graham Kelly

Hidden Gems is a regular travel feature where diplomats recommend their favourite unusual and not traditionally touristy places to visit in their own countries.

ew Zealand has just the occasion for daring epicureans who want Nto challenge their tastebuds and maybe put a “wrinkle in their toenails”. The Wildfoods Festival takes place each March (this year on March 11) in Hokitika on the West Coast of the South Island in New Zealand. The one-day festival has grown in size since its humble beginnings in 1990, and now attracts more than 22,000 people with open minds and strong stomachs. The festival’s 90 stalls feature such popular dishes as gourmet garden snails, Chatham Island seagulls, roast boar, huhu grubs, shark penis, marlin, venison tongue, possum pies, sheep’s eyes, cow’s udders, gorse flower wine, and many other equally innovative foods. The festival includes top-class enter- tainment throughout the day, continuing into the wee small hours. Hokitika is located in Westland, along a narrow strip of coastline surrounded by T h e re ’s much to taste at the Wildfoods Festival in mountains, glaciers, rivers, rainfore s t s , Hokitika on the West Coast of the South Island in national heritage parks, wildlife and New Zealand fauna, which is unsurpassed in the South Pacific. Visit www.wildfoods.co.nz for more If you like the idea of something diff e r- details about the 2006 Wildfoods Festival. ent, somewhere off the normal tourist track, somewhere other international New Zealand High Commissioner Graham tourists won’t go, take your tastebuds on Kelly says his “delicate and weak stomach” a roller coaster ride of a lifetime at the couldn’t cope with the Wildfoods’ “yummies” next Hokitika Wildfoods Festival in but admits he could be tempted by the gorse March in New Zealand. flower wine.

Ottawa Diplomatic Association News The Ottawa Diplomatic Association has succeeded in getting another govern o r general as its patron. Michaëlle Jean has agreed to preside over the association, something Adrienne Clarkson had done during her tenure. In other news, the g roup held a meeting between diplomats, Foreign Affairs and the RCMP in mid- December to talk about the relationship between the police and diplomats. The discussion was “very frank” and useful, said Bolivian Ambassador Carlos Carr a s c o , who serves as association president. With 130 diplomats in attendance, more than 100 missions were re p resented. Refer to page 42 for ODA contact inform a t i o n .

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 31 STAR-Y NIGHT An evening of appreciation and recognition May 10, 2006

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Star Moto rs of Ottawa, 400 W. Hunt Club Rd., Ottawa, (613) 737-STAR (7827), www. sta rm o to rs . c a W I N E |D E L I G H T S

Perfect Pinot Noir

inot Noir is today what Chard o n - p roduction existed in nay was in the 80s and Merlot be- an unmarked barn Pcame in the 90s. And the explosion away from Highway has been most intense in California. Ex- 29 tourists. These perts point to the movie S i d e w a y s for sky- two gents put the rocketing California’s version of this old Russian River Va l l e y and noble grape to the top of the hot on the map for gre a t wines list worldwide. But there is more Pinots. Both since re- to it. I think people are getting bore d STEPH EN BECKTA t i r ed, they showed with knock-out punches of alcohol and the world what can tannin from big New World Cabernet happen when you take care of this tem- Sauvignon and Shiraz wines and re a l i z e peramental grape in cool micro c l i m a t e s food and wine truly do taste better when within a hot region. They also had a t h e y ’ re well-paired. Pinot Noir is food- geographic advantage. Each morning, friendly because it has less tannin, more the fog comes down the Russian River, acid and is lighter than most other re d which empties into the Pacific Ocean a grapes, while still having flavour. Hands few miles away, bringing cooler tempera- down, it gets me more excited than any tures and acting as a parasol that protects other grape. the delicate Pinot skins. This, coupled A big part of the Pinot tale starts with with a unique Californian soil called Josh Jensen, the central character in Marq “Goldridge” (for its gold flecks within the DeVilliers’ book The Heartbreak Grape (the dense clay), makes a singular and stun- w i n e m a k e r ’s nickname for the Pinot Noir ning wine. The soil imparts a velvety varietal). In this true story, Mr. Jensen richness which can only be described as spends years searching all over California s e x y. Famous producers include Iro n - for a tract of land that has Burg u n d y ’ s horse, Paul Hobbs, Delinger, Patz & Hall legendary limestone soil. He finds it on and Kenwood. the central coast, in Hollister, is also the One would not expect Kenwood to garlic capital of the world and home to a produce exceptional wines in their some- l a rge chapter of a certain motorcycle asso- what entry-level priced Pinot, but here is ciation. Not the kind of place you think of the anomaly of the big wine house: Some- when picturing beautiful wine country. In times they don’t know what they have. spite of that, Mr. Jensen has turned this Years ago, sparkling wine giant Korbel little outpost into a home-away-fro m - purchased Kenwood and did some grape home for the red grape from Burg u n d y, trading. Korbel had long-term vineyard crafting some of the most “Burg u n d i a n ” contracts for Pinot Noir in the Russian California Pinots at his winery called River Valley and found some vineyard s Calera. Ye a r- a f t e r- y e a r, his single vine- p roduced grapes that were too rich and y a rd Pinots (Reed, Seleck, Jensen and lush for their sparkling wines, so they Mills) are beautiful and well worth the gave them to Kenwood to make a still extra money. (Good news: They’re also Pinot. It turns out that the same vine- occasionally available through Vi n t a g e s y a rds were producing some of the best in Ontario.) But they are not the smooth- Pinot Noirs in California, fetching up- as-silk, overly approachable wines that wards of $100 per bottle. You can still get make up today’s California Pinots. Like this little bargain for roughly $25 occa- g reat red burgundies, they re q u i re age sionally at Vintages or through Rogers & and patience to come into their own. I Co., their agent in Ontario (866-202-9579). would suggest laying them down for at It’s worth twice the price. least five years. I encourage you to further explore this If Calera was the first chapter in the amazing grape. Try wines from Santa California Pinot book, Wi l l i a m - S e l y e m Barbara, Santa Maria Va l l e y, Carnero s , stars in the next. When Napa Cabernets Sonoma Coast and Mendocino. and Chardonnays were all the rage, two Cheers! country gentlemen started a little winery near Healdsburg. Until it was re c e n t l y Stephen Beckta is owner and sommerlier of p u rchased by a New Yo r k e r, its entire Beckta dining & wine (www.beckta.com)

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 33 D E L I G H T S |A R T OF DIPLOMACY

Avant-garde artistry from Norway

By Margo Roston

hen Tor Berntin Naess and his wife Bodil came to Ottawa in WSeptember to begin their new posting, they brought with them an excit- ing piece of modern Norwegian art. They wanted to add new art to the re s i d e n c e walls and their foreign office agreed that a piece by one of the country’s better- known artists, Kjell Pahr-Iversen, would fit the bill. “I think he’s an interesting artist and (it’s) an interesting painting – and he’s well-known in Norway,” A m b a s s a d o r Naess said. Born in 1937 in Stavanger on the West- ern coast, the Norwegian painter was maimed by an alarm gun (a device de- signed to be used as a perimeter alarm or poacher alert) on New Ye a r ’s Eve, 1945, and lost his right eye. Still, he went on to study graphic arts and later fine arts in A m s t e r dam. Along with major exhibi- tions in his home country, he has shown his art in Paris, London, Spain and Switzerland among other places.

“I THINK NORWE GIANS

A P P R E C I AT E MODERN ART M ORE Ambassador Tor Berntin Naess shows a well-loved painting by Kjell Pahr-Iversen, who lost his right eye in a THAN ANY OTHER,” MRS . NAE SS 1945 accident but still went on to study art and become one of Norway’s best-known artists.

SAID. “IN NORWAY THE YOUNG home,” the book notes. “Despite some paints evocative landscapes of Norway’s ONES ARE VERY FOND OF later additions, Crichton Lodge on Lisgar mountains and fjords, come to Canada. Road remains the original Gothic Revival “We had a show of his works in Brus- F UNCT IONALIS M AND WANT TO villa built during the 1880s.” It was ac- sels and have thought of inviting him if q u i red by Norway in 1949 and has been he’s interested in coming to Canada,” the M ATCH T HE ART WIT H MODERN carefully maintained ever since. ambassador said. “But it is a very expen- F URNITURE .” This gracious house is also home to a sive job to transport the art and pay the g roup of lithographs by Norway’s most insurance and not many artists are inter- famous artist, Edvard Munch, recognized ested.” The work in the residence is an oil for his by-now iconic work, The Scre a m , His first view of Canadian art came painting of autumn from the artist’s Her- which was stolen from the Munch Mu- when he presented his credentials to bier series of abstract landscapes. The seum in Oslo in 2004. The painting is still G o v.-Gen. Michaëlle Jean at Rideau Hall l a rge, eye-catching canvas splashed with missing but six people were indicted Dec. and had a chance to view the collection thick strokes of blue and black stands out 19 for their roles in the theft. there. He approved. in the pale blues and yellows of the living “But we think to have modern art is “They have very interesting things,” room. more interesting,” Mr. Naess said. he said. But this isn’t the only art in the home. “I think Norwegians appreciate mod- The ambassador hopes to see most of Indeed, the Norwegian couple has an ex- ern art more than any other,” Mrs. Naess Canada during his stay here and it’s a tra dividend. A c c o rding to a new book, added. “In Norway the young ones are s u r e bet he’ll be checking out the art Rockcliffe Park, a History of the Vi l l a g e, by very fond of functionalism and want to scene, especially the works by this coun- Martha Edmond, their heritage house is a match the art with modern furniture.” try’s most avant-garde artists. piece of artistry in its own right. “It can The Naesses are also eager to have Ør- justifiably be called Rockcliffe’s oldest nulf Opdahl, a friend and artist who Margo Roston is Diplomat’s culture editor.

34 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 ELGIN 1/2 Page D E L I G H T S |ENVOY’S ALBUM

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4. THIS PA G E 1 . Kuwaiti Ambassador Musaed Al Haroon off e red his majestic Rockcliffe home for a fundraiser for Salus in November where, for a fee that went to the charity, ladies gathered for lunch and bridge. Left to right: Marg a r et Singleton, executive director of Ottawa Salus; Zainab Alru b e e , Kuwaiti cultural affairs attaché; Mohammad Al-Mutairi, Kuwaiti second secre t a ry; player Gladys Pfeff e r ; and Salus volunteer Mary Jenkins. • 2 . Japanese Ambassador Sadaaki Numata and his wife Kyoko enjoy their national day celebration at the Chateau Laurier Dec. 13. (Photo: Sam Garcia) • 3 . A group of sec- ond- and third-year marketing students at the University of Ottawa are raising money for Niger, a c o u n t ry that has faced multiple crises in the past year. After raising more than $100,000 in corporate donations, they hoped to raise more by selling orange ribbons and wristbands. They are shown here at the campaign launch. • 4 . Thai Ambassador Snanchart Devahastin and his wife Pattamavadee hosted an innovative national day at the Hellenic Banquet Centre Dec. 5. Members of the Thai community of Ottawa provided food at several diff e r ent stations. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 5 . The Canadian Federa- tion of University Women hosted a tour of the Aviation Museum Nov. 4. Shown here are (left to right) Christine Jane of the UK; Sheila McDonell, from Canada; and Edith Odoi-Sykes, wife of Ghana High Commissioner Sam Odoi-Sykes. • 6 . Czech Ambassador Pavel Vosalik hosted a national day celebration at the National Arts Centre Oct. 27. Mr. Vosalik (right) is shown with French Ambassador Daniel Jouan- neau. (Photo: Dyanne Wi l s o n )

36 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 ENVOY’S ALBUM|D E L I G H T S

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7. THIS PAGE 1. A reception hosted by Ogilvy Mercedes-Benz was held prior to the Canadian Club of Ottawa luncheon that featured David Wilkins (left) as speaker. Mexican Ambassador Maria Te resa Garc i a de Madero and Canadian Club member Dennis Jackson join Mr. Wilkins. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 2. Jamaican Ambassador Carl Marshall, right, hosted a gathering of the Jamaican community Oct. 22. Sir Howard Cook, Governor General of Jamaica, (left) was the keynote speaker. They are shown with then-Ottawa MP Marlene Catterall. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 3. Korean Ambassador Sung-joon Yim and his wife Kwee-joo hosted a Christmas party Dec. 7 at their residence. Pianist Te resa Jin-Hyung Lim, shown h e re, perf o rmed with Paul Marleyn on cello. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 4. Mr. and Mrs. Yim. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 5. Arnold Piggott, high commissioner for Trinidad and Tobago, hosted a Christmas party for staff at his embassy. He is shown here with Flora Parris-Mills. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 6. Pana- manian Ambassador Romy Vasquez hugs South African High Commissioner Theresa Solomon, who left her post last month. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 7. Esprit de Corps magazine hosted a book launch Nov. 10 at Nicholas Hoare Books. Author Les Peate presented copies of his book, The War that Wa s n ’t, to 20 embassy re p r esentatives from countries that participated alongside Canada in Korea. Shown here is K o rean Defence Attaché Lucky Lee receiving his book. (Photo: Darcy Knoll) • 8. Sheila Martin, wife of Paul Martin, welcomed diplomatic spouses to 24 Sussex Dr. this fall. She is shown here welcoming Juyena Khan, wife of Bangladeshi High Commissioner Rafiq Ahmed Khan. (Photo: Brigitte Bouvier, PMO)

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 37 D E L I G H T S |C A N A D I A N A

The world’s most exclusive club

By Thomas S. Axworthy

he G-8 is the most exclusive club in dent Ford was irate Minister Brian Mulroney led a dialogue the world. The UN has 190 member about Canada’s ex- on South Africa; and in 2002, Prime Min- Tnations, the Commonwealth 54, and c l u s i o n , a n d h e ister Jean Chrétien made African develop- N ATO 19, but the G-8 has only the United briefly considere d ment the centrepiece of the agenda. States, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, refusing to attend T h r ough the G-8, Canada plays in the Great Britain, Italy and Canada. th e s um m i t. I n - major leagues of international diplomacy. How did Canada come to be a member stead, he chose a more diplomatic solu- Canada’s membership is probably the of this political directoire when economic tion. As the United States was to host the most significant foreign policy achieve- giants like China and Brazil are excluded? 1976 summit in Puerto Rico, Mr. Ford de- ment of the Trudeau era. However, the In 1975, France’s President Valéry Gis- card d’Estaing had an idea. In that era of e n e rgy crisis and galloping inflation, France recognized that the world econ- omy needed the most important states to work in concert. To develop a coord i - nated strategy, Mr. d’Estaing re c o m - mended the world’s leaders meet to f o rcefully and informally debate the is- sues of the day, free from the protocol and b u reaucracy of most internal org a n i z a - tions. But a major issue arose: What coun- tries would be members of this new club? France extended invitations to its part- ners in the G-5 economic consultative group, and as a neighbourly gesture, Mr. d’Estaing also invited Italy. Canada, how- e v e r, was left out. France’s decision may have been a continuation of the Gaullist campaign to diminish Canada that had begun with General Charles de Gaulle’s “Vive Québec Libre” speech in Montréal. Or France may not have wanted to set a p recedent for other middle powers. Ei- ther way, the French president was adamant. No Canada! Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau launched a quick and effective counteroffensive. At that time, Canada had a larger GNP than Italy and still had significant military and f o reign aid assets. In short, Canada then had more relative capability than it does t o d a y. Mr. Trudeau’s good personal re l a- tions with the leaders of that time also came into play. James Callaghan of Great Britain intervened while Chancellor Hel- Prime Minister Paul Martin met with U2 leadman Bono during the G-8 Summit at Gleneagles, Scotland mut Schmidt told the French he would last year. not attend any future meetings unless Canada participated. The Japanese made cided to invite Canada to attend, just as country owes this elevated status to a de- it known that another non-Euro p e a n France had invited Italy in 1975. Once in- cent man largely unrecognized in his own voice would be welcome. vited, President Ford concluded, Canada country’s history, President Gerald Ford. But Canada’s key friend was President would not be excluded in the future. So it Gerald Ford of the United States. As a has proved. Thomas S. Axworthy is the chairman of long-time re p res entative of Michigan in To d a y, the G-8 is one of the most im- the Centre for the Study of Democracy at the Congress, Mr. Ford knew Canada portant forums in the world. In 1983, Mr. Queen’s University. He served as principal well. When he became president, he and Trudeau persuaded his partners to en- secretary to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau Mr. Trudeau immediately hit it off. Presi- dorse his peace mission; in 1987, Prime from 1981-84.

38 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 AFGHANISTAN AZERBAIJAN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA CHINA His Ex. Omar Samad His Ex. Fakhraddin Gurbanov His Ex. Milenko Misic His Ex. Lu Shumin Embassy of Afghanistan Embassy of the Republic of Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina Embassy of the People’s Republic of 246 Queen Street, Suite 400 Azerbaijan 130 Albert Street, Suite 805 China Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5E4 275 Slater Street, Suite 904-C Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 515 St. Patrick Street TEL 563-4223 FAX 563-4962 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 TEL 236-0028 FAX 236-1139 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5H3 [email protected] TEL 288-0497 FAX 230-8089 [email protected] TEL. 789-3434 FAX 789-1412 www.afghanemb-canada.net www.bhembassy.ca www.chinaembassycanada.org BAHAMAS ALBANIA His Ex. Philip P. Smith BRAZIL ˘ ´ COLOMBIA His Ex. Adhurim Resuli High Commission for The His Ex. Valdemar Carneiro Leäo Mr. Guillermo Mejia-Castillo Embassy of the Republic of Albania Commonwealth of The Bahamas Embassy of the Federative Republic Chargé d’Affaires 130 Albert Street, Suite 302 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1313 of Brazil Embassy of the Republic of Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 450 Wilbrod Street Colombia TEL 236-4114 FAX 236-0804 TEL. 232-1724 FAX 232-0097 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M8 360 Albert Street, Suite 1002 [email protected] [email protected] TEL 237-1090 FAX 237-6144 Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 [email protected] TEL 230-3760 FAX 230-4416 ALGERIA BANGLADESH [email protected] His Ex. Youcef Yousfi His Ex. Rafiq Ahmed Khan BRUNEI DARUSSALAM www.embajadacolombia.ca Embassy of the People’s Democratic High Commission for the People’s Her Ex. Magdalene Chee Siong Teo Republic of Algeria Republic of Bangladesh High Commission for Brunei CONGO (ZAIRE) 500 Wilbrod Street 275 Bank Street, Suite 302 Darussalam Ms. Louise Nzanga Ramazani Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N2 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2L6 395 Laurier Avenue East Chargé d’Affaires TEL 789-8505 FAX 789-1406 TEL 236-0138 FAX 567-3213 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R4 18 Range Road [email protected] [email protected] TEL 234-5656 FAX 234-4397 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 www.bdhc.org [email protected] TEL 230-6391 FAX 230-1945 ANGOLA His Ex. Miguel Maria N. Puna BARBADOS BULGARIA COSTA RICA Embassy of the Republic of Angola His Ex. Glyne Samuel Murray His Ex. Branimir Zaimov His Ex. Carlos Miranda 189 Laurier Avenue East High Commission for Barbados Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria Embassy of the Republic of Costa Rica Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6P1 130 Albert Street, Suite 1204 325 Stewart Street 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 407 TEL 234-1152 FAX 234-1179 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6K5 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 [email protected] TEL 236-9517 FAX 230-4362 TEL 789-3215 FAX 789-3524 TEL. 562-2855 FAX 562-2582 www.embangola-can.org [email protected] [email protected] BURKINA FASO www.costaricaembassy.com ARGENTINA BELARUS Her Ex. Juliette Bonkoungou His Ex. Arturo Bothamley Her Ex. Nina Mazai Embassy of Burkina Faso CÔTE D’IVOIRE Embassy of the Argentine Republic Embassy of the Republic of Belarus 48 Range Road Her Ex. Dienebou Kaba 81 Metcalfe Street 7th Floor 130 Albert Street, Suite 600 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 Embassy of the Republic of Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6K7 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL 238-4796 FAX 238-3812 Côte d’Ivoire TEL 236-2351 FAX 235-2659 TEL 233-9994 FAX 233-8500 [email protected] 9 Marlborough Avenue [email protected] [email protected] www.ambaburkina-canada.org Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E6 www.argentina-canada.net TEL. 236-9919 FAX 563-8287 BELGIUM BURUNDI [email protected] ARMENIA His Ex. Daniel Leroy Her Ex. Epiphanie K. Ntamwana www.ambaci-ottawa.org His Ex. Ara Papian Embassy of Belgium Embassy of the Republic of Burundi Embassy of the Republic of Armenia 360 Albert Street, Suite 820 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 815 CROATIA 7 Delaware Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 Her Ex. Vesela Mrden Korac´ Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0Z2 TEL 236-7267 FAX 236-7882 TEL 789-0414 FAX 789-9537 Embassy of the Republic of Croatia TEL 234-3710 FAX 234-3444 [email protected] [email protected] 229 Chapel Street [email protected] www.diplomatie.be/ottawa http://ambabucanada.le-site.info Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7Y6 www.armembassycanada.ca TEL. 562-7820 FAX 562-7821 BENIN CAMEROON [email protected] AUSTRALIA His Ex. Francis Loko Mr. Martin Mpana www.croatiaemb.net His Ex. William Fisher Embassy of the Republic of Benin Acting High Commissioner Australian High Commission 58 Glebe Avenue High Commission for the Republic CUBA 50 O’Connor, Suite 710 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2C3 of Cameroon His Ex. Ernesto Antonio Senti Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 TEL 233-4429 FAX 233-8952 170 Clemow Avenue Embassy of the Republic of Cuba TEL 236-0841 FAX 236-4376 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2B4 388 Main Street TEL 236-1522 FAX 236-3885 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1E3 AUSTRIA BOLIVIA TEL. 563-0141 FAX 563-0068 His Ex. Otto Ditz His Ex. Dr. Carlos Carrasco CHILE [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Austria Embassy of the Republic of Bolivia His Ex. José Miguel Cruz Sánchez www.embacuba.ca 445 Wilbrod Street 130 Albert Street, Suite 416 Embassy of the Republic of Chile Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M7 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1413 CZECH REPUBLIC TEL 789-1444 FAX 789-3431 TEL 236-5730 FAX 236-8237 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 His Ex. Pavel Vosalik [email protected] [email protected] TEL 235-9940 FAX 235-1176 Embassy of the Czech Republic [email protected] 251 Cooper Street www.chile.ca Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0G2

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA | E M BA SS I ES | H I G H CO M M I SS I O N S | OTHER INTERNAT I O N A L R E P R ESE N TAT I V ES 39 TEL. 562-3875 FAX 562-3878 F.Y.R. OF MACEDONIA HAITI Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 [email protected] His Ex. Sasko Nasev His Ex. Robert Tippenhauer TEL. 233-6281 FAX 233-5835 Embassy of the Former Yugoslav Embassy of the Republic of Haiti [email protected] DENMARK Republic of Macedonia 130 Albert Street, Suite 1409 His Ex. Poul Erik Dam Kristensen 130 Albert Street, Suite 1006 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5P2 ISRAEL Royal Danish Embassy Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL. 238-1628 FAX 238-2986 His Ex. Alan Baker 47 Clarence Street, Suite 450 TEL. 234-3882 FAX 233-1852 [email protected] Embassy of Israel Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9K1 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1005 TEL. 562-1811 FAX 562-1812 FINLAND HOLY SEE Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 [email protected] His Ex. Pasi Mikael Patokallio His Ex. The Most Rev. Luigi Ventura TEL. 567-6450 FAX 237-8865 www.danish-embassy-canada.com Embassy of the Republic of Finland Apostolic Nunciature [email protected] 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 850 724 Manor Avenue www.embassyofIsreal.ca DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L5 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 0E3 His Ex. Eduardo J. Tejera Curbelo TEL. 288-2233 FAX 288-2244 TEL. 746-4914 FAX 746-4786 ITALY Embassy of the Dominican Republic [email protected] Embassy of the Italian Republic 130 Albert Street, Suite 418 HONDURAS 275 Slater Street, 21st Floor Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 FRANCE Her Ex. Ana Carolina Galeano Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 TEL. 569-9893 FAX 569-8673 His Ex. Daniel Jouanneau Embassy of the Republic of TEL. 232-2401 FAX 233-1484 www.drembassy.org Embassy of France Honduras [email protected] 42 Sussex Drive 151 Slater Street, Suite 805 www.italyincanada.com ECUADOR Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2C9 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 His Ex. Alejandro Suárez TEL. 789-1795 FAX 562-3704 TEL. 233-8900 FAX 232-0193 JAMAICA Embassy of the Republic of Ecuador www.ambafrance-ca.org His Ex. Carl O’Neal Marshall 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 316 HUNGARY Jamaican High Commission Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 GABON His Ex. Dénes Tomaj 275 Slater Street, Suite 800 TEL. 563-4286 FAX 235-5776 His Ex. Joseph Obian Ndoutoume Embassy of the Republic of Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 Embassy of the Gabonese Republic Hungary TEL. 233-9311 FAX 233-0611 EGYPT 4 Range Road, P.O. Box 368 299 Waverley Street [email protected] His Ex. Mahmoud F. El-Saeed Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J5 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0V9 Embassy of the Arab Republic of TEL. 232-5301 FAX 232-6916 TEL. 230-2717 FAX 230-7560 JAPAN Egypt [email protected] www.docuweb.ca/Hungary His Ex. Sadaaki Numata 454 Laurier Avenue East Embassy of Japan Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R3 GERMANY ICELAND 255 Sussex Drive TEL. 234-4931 FAX 234-4398 Embassy of the Federal Republic of His Ex. Marcus Örn Antonsson Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9E6 [email protected] Germany Embassy of Iceland TEL. 241-8541 FAX 241-7415 www.egyptembassy.ca 1 Waverley Street 360 Albert Street, Suite 710 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0T8 Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 www.ca.emb-japan.go.jp ERITREA TEL. 232-1101 FAX 594-9330 TEL. 482-1944 FAX 482-1945 Ms. Nura Mohammed Omer g e r m a n e m b a s s y o t t a w a @ o n . a i b n . c o m [email protected] JORDAN Office of the Embassy of Eritrea in His Ex. Nabil Ali Barto Ottawa GHANA INDIA Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom Consul His Ex. Samuel A. Odoi-Sykes Her Ex. Shyamala B. Cowsik of Jordan 75 Albert Street, Suite 610 High Commission for the Republic High Commission for the Republic 100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 701 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5E7 of Ghana of India Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6G8 TEL. 234-3989 FAX 234-6213 1 Clemow Avenue 10 Springfield Road TEL. 238-8090 FAX 232-3341 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2A9 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1C9 EL SALVADOR TEL. 236-0871 FAX 236-0874 TEL. 744-3751 FAX 744-0913 KENYA His Ex. Mauricio Rosales Rivera [email protected] [email protected] His Ex. Peter Nicholas Rateng O. Embassy of the Republic of El www.ghc-ca.com www.hciottawa.ca Ogego Salvador High Commission for the Republic 209 Kent Street GREECE INDONESIA of Kenya Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1Z8 His Ex. Yannis Mourikis Mr. Sadewo Joedo 415 Laurier Avenue East TEL. 238-2939 FAX 238-6940 Embassy of the Hellenic Republic Chargé d’Affaires Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R4 [email protected] 80 MacLaren Street, Suite 76 Embassy of the Republic of TEL. 563-1773 FAX 233-6599 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0K6 Indonesia [email protected] ESTONIA TEL. 238-6271 FAX 238-5676 55 Parkdale Avenue www.kenyahighcommission.ca Mr. Argo Küünemäe [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 1E5 Chargé d’Affaires www.greekembassy.ca TEL. 724-1100 FAX 724-1105 KOREA, REPUBLIC Embassy of the Republic of Estonia [email protected] His Ex. Sung-joon Yim 260 Dalhousie Street, Suite 210 GUATEMALA www.indonesia-ottawa.org Embassy of the Republic of Korea Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7E4 His Ex. Carlos Jiménez Licona 150 Boteler Street TEL. 789-4222 FAX 789-9555 Embassy of the Republic of IRAN Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A6 [email protected] Guatemala Mr. Abbas Assemi TEL. 244-5010 FAX 244-5034 www.estemb.ca 130 Albert Street, Suite 1010 Chargé d’Affaires www.emb-korea.ottawa.on.ca Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of ETHIOPIA TEL. 233-7237 FAX 233-0135 Iran KUWAIT His Ex. Berhanu Dibaba [email protected] 245 Metcalfe Street His Ex. Musaed Rashed Al Haroon Embassy of the Federal Democratic Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2K2 Embassy of the State of Kuwait Republic of Ethiopia GUINEA TEL. 235-4725 FAX 232-5712 333 Sussex Drive 151 Slater Street, Suite 210 His Ex. Aly Diané [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 1J9 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5P2 Embassy of the Republic of Guinea www.salamiran.org TEL. 780-9999 FAX 780-9905 TEL. 235-6637 FAX 235-4638 483 Wilbrod Street [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N1 IRAQ LATVIA www.ethiopia.ottawa.on.ca TEL. 789-8444 FAX 789-7560 His Ex. Howar M. Ziad His Ex. Atis Sjanits [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Iraq Embassy of the Republic of Latvia EUROPEAN UNION 215 McLeod Street 350 Sparks Street, Suite 1200 His Ex. Eric Hayes GUYANA Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0Z8 Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5G8 Delegation of the European His Ex. Rajnarine Singh TEL. 236-9177 FAX 236-9641 TEL. 238-6014 FAX 238-7044 Commission to Canada High Commission for the Republic [email protected] [email protected] 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1900 of Guyana www.ottawa.mfa.gov.lv Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 151 Slater Street, Suite 309 IRELAND TEL. 238-6464 FAX 238-5191 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 His Ex. Martin Burke LEBANON [email protected] TEL. 235-7249 FAX 235-1447 Embassy of Ireland His Ex. Raymond Baaklini www.delcan.cec.eu.int 130 Albert Street, Suite 1105 Embassy of Lebanon

40 | E M BA SS I ES | H I G H CO M M I SS I O N S | OTHER INTERNAT I O N A L R E P R ESE N TAT I V ES JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006 640 Lyon Street MONGOLIA 10 Range Road SAUDI ARABIA Ottawa, Ontario K1S 3Z5 His Ex. Dugerjav Gotov Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia TEL. 236-5825 FAX 232-1609 Embassy of Mongolia TEL. 238-7881 FAX 238-7296 201 Sussex Drive [email protected] 151 Slater Street, Suite 503 [email protected] Ottawa, ON K1N 1K6 www.lebanonembassy.ca Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 TEL 237-4105 FAX 562-2720 TEL. 569-3830 FAX 569-3916 PANAMA LIBYA [email protected] Her Ex. Romy Vásquez de González SENEGAL His Ex. Ahmed Ali Jarrud Embassy of the Republic of Panama His Ex. M. Amadou Diallo Embassy of the Great Socialist MOROCCO 130 Albert Street, Suite 300 Embassy of the Republic of Senegal People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya His Ex. Mohamed Tangi Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 57 Marlborough Avenue 81 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1000 Embassy of the Kingdom of TEL. 236-7177 FAX 236-5775 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E8 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6K7 Morocco [email protected] TEL. 238-6392 FAX 238-2695 TEL. 230-0919 FAX 230-0683 38 Range Road [email protected] [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 PARAGUAY TEL. 236-7391 FAX 236-6164 His Ex. Juan E. Aguirre Martinez SERBIA & MONTENEGRO LITHUANIA Embassy of the Republic of His Ex. Perko Vukotic Her Ex. Siguté Jakstonyté MYANMAR Paraguay Embassy of Serbia and Montenegro Embassy of the Republic of Mr. Maung Maung 151 Slater Street, Suite 501 17 Blackburn Avenue Lithuania Minister & Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8A2 130 Albert Street, Suite 204 Embassy of the Union of Myanmar TEL. 567-1283 FAX 567-1679 TEL. 233-6289 FAX 233-7850 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 85 Range Road, Suite 902 consularsection@embassyof- [email protected] TEL. 567-5458 FAX 567-5315 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J6 paraguay.ca www.embscg.ca TEL. 232-9990 FAX 232-6999 MADAGASCAR [email protected] PERU SLOVAKIA His Ex. Rakotoarisoa Florent His Ex. Guillermo Russo His Ex. Stanislav Opiela Embassy of the Republic of NETHERLANDS Embassy of the Republic of Peru Embassy of the Slovak Republic Madagascar His Ex. Karel P.M. deBeer 130 Albert Street, Suite 1901 50 Rideau Terrace 200 Catherine Street, Suite 510 Embassy of the Kingdom of the Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2A1 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2K9 Netherlands TEL. 238-1777 FAX 232-3062 TEL. 749-4442 FAX 749-4989 Tel. 567-0505 Fax 567.2882 350 Albert Street, Suite 2020 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1R 1A4 www.ottawa.mfa.sk www.madagascar-embassy.ca TEL. 237-5030 FAX 237-6471 PHILIPPINES [email protected] His Ex. Francisco L. Benedicto SLOVENIA MALAWI Embassy of the Republic of the Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia His Ex. Kennedy Amos Malisita NEW ZEALAND Philippines 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 2101 High Commission for the Republic His Ex. Graham Kelly 130 Albert Street, Suite 606 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1P1 of Malawi New Zealand High Commission Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL. 565-5781 FAX 565-5783 7 Clemow Avenue 99 Bank Street, Suite 727 TEL. 233-1121 FAX 233-4165 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2A9 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6G3 [email protected] TEL. 236-8931 FAX 236-1054 TEL. 238-5991 FAX 238-5707 SOUTH AFRICA [email protected] POLAND Her Ex. Theresa Mary Solomon MALAYSIA w w w. n z e m b a s s y. c o m / h o m e . c f m ? c = 3 8 His Ex. Piotr Ogrodzinski High Commission for the Republic His Ex. Dennis Ignatius Embassy of the Republic of Poland of South Africa High Commission for Malaysia NIGER 443 Daly Avenue 15 Sussex Drive 60 Boteler Street Her Ex. Nana Aicha Foumakoye Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6H3 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1M8 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8Y7 Embassy of the Republic of the TEL. 789-0468 FAX 789-1218 TEL. 744-0330 FAX 741-1639 TEL. 241-5182 FAX 241-5214 Niger [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 38 Blackburn Avenue www.southafrica-canada.ca Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8A3 PORTUGAL MALI TEL. 232-4291 FAX 230-9808 His Ex. Joao Pedro Silveira Carvalho SPAIN His Ex. Mamadou Bandiougou Embassy of Portugal His Ex. Mariano Alonso-Burón Diawara NIGERIA 645 Island Park Drive Embassy of the Kingdom of Spain Embassy of the Republic of Mali His Ex. Olufemi Oyewale George Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 0B8 74 Stanley Avenue 50 Goulburn Avenue High Commission for the Federal TEL. 729-0883 FAX 729-4236 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1P4 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8C8 Republic of Nigeria e m b p o r t u g a l @ e m b p o r t u g a l / o t t a w a . o rg TEL. 747-2252 FAX 744-1224 TEL. 232-1501 FAX 232-7429 295 Metcalfe Street [email protected] [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1R9 ROMANIA www.embaspain.ca www.ambamalicanada.org Tel. 236-0521 Fax 236-0529 Her Ex. Elena Sava Stefoi Embassy of Romania SRI LANKA MAURITANIA NORWAY 655 Rideau Street Mr. Kapila Susantha Jayaweera His Ex. Mahfoud Ben Deddach His Ex. Tor Berntin Naess Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6A3 Acting High Commissioner Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway TEL. 789-3709 FAX 789-4365 High Commission for the Mauritania 90 Sparks Street, Suite 532 [email protected] Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri 121 Sherwood Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5B4 www.cyberus.ca/~romania Lanka Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 3V1 TEL. 238-6571 FAX 238-2765 333 Laurier Avenue West, TEL. 237-3283 FAX 237-3287 [email protected] RUSSIA Suite 1204 www.emb-norway.ca His Ex. Georgiy Mamedov Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1C1 MEXICO Embassy of the Russian Federation TEL. 233-8449 FAX 238-8448 Her Ex. Maria Teresa Garcia de O/OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN 285 Charlotte Street www.srilankahcottawa.org Madero STATES Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8L5 Embassy of the United Mexican Her Ex. Lorraine B. Williams TEL. 235-4341 FAX 236-6342 SUDAN States High Commission for the Countries [email protected] Her Ex. Dr. Faiza Hassan Taha 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1000 of the Organization of Eastern www.rusembcanada.mid.ru Armousa Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 Caribbean States Embassy of the Republic of the TEL. 233-8988 FAX 235-9123 130 Albert Street, Suite 700 RWANDA Sudan [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 His Ex. Eugene Munyakayanza 354 Stewart Street www.embamexcan.com TEL. 236-8952 FAX 236-3042 Embassy of the Rwandese Republic Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6K8 [email protected] 153 Gilmour Street TEL. 235-4000 FAX 235-6880 www.oecs.org/ottawa/index.html Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0N8 Tel. 569-5424 Fax 569-5421 SWEDEN PAKISTAN [email protected] Her Ex. Ingrid Maria Iremark His Ex. Shahid Malik www.ambarwaottawa.ca Embassy of Sweden High Commission for the Islamic 377 Dalhousie Street Republic of Pakistan Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9N8

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA | E M BA SS I ES | H I G H CO M M I SS I O N S | OTHER INTERNAT I O N A L R E P R ESE N TAT I V ES 41 TEL. 244-8200 FAX 241-2277 TEL. 789-7797 FAX 789-8909 Ottawa Diplomatic Star Motors [email protected] www.ugandahighcommission.ca Association Contacts (613) 737-7827 www.swedishembassy.ca CATERING AND EVENTS UKRAINE H.E. dr. Carlos Antonio Carrasco, Party Time Rentals SWITZERLAND His Ex. Mykola Maimeskul Ambassador of Bolivia (613) 745-9400 His Ex. Anton Thalmann Embassy of Ukraine President Embassy of Switzerland 310 Somerset Street, West, Tel: 236 5730, DENTIST 5 Marlborough Avenue Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0J9 [email protected] Associated Dental Care Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E6 Tel. 230-2961 Fax 230-2400 (613) 737-4944 TEL. 235-1837 FAX 563-1394 www.ukremb.ca Anja Jeffrey, Counsellor, Royal DINING [email protected] Danish Embassy UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Daly’s (The Westin) First Vice President (613) 560-7333 SYRIA His Ex. Hassan Al-Suwaidi Tel: 562-1811, [email protected] His Ex. Jamil Haidar Sakr Embassy of the United Arab The Carleton Grill Embassy of the Syrian Arab Emirates Ioannis Petsilas, Press Counsellor, Republic World Exchange Plaza Signatures Embassy of Greece (613) 236-2499 151 Slater Street, Suite 1000 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1800 Second Vice President Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 DRY CLEANERS Tel: 232 6796, TEL. 569-5556 FAX 569-3800 TEL. 565-7272 FAX 565-8007 Hillary’s www.syrianembassy.ca [email protected] [email protected] (613) 733-3070 www.uae-embassy.com ELECTRONICS TAIPEI Economic & Cultural office Maha Hamdy, First Secretary, Embassy of Egypt Overseas Electronics Dr. Thomas Chen, Representative UNITED KINGDOM (613) 235-4414 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1960 His Ex. David Reddaway Secretary General Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 British High Commission Tel: 234 4931, ESTHETICS TEL. 231-5080 FAX 231-7112 80 Elgin Street [email protected] Dr. Beaupré’s Vein Clinic [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5K7 (613) 722-0101 TEL. 237-1530 FAX 237-7980 Website: TANZANIA www.britainincanada.org www.ottawadiplomats.org FOREIGN EXCHANGE His Ex. Ombeni Y. Sefue Accu-Rate High Commission for the United UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (613) 596-5505 Republic of Tanzania His Ex. David Wilkins Diplomat Magazine Contacts FUNERAL 50 Range Road Embassy of the United States of DIRECTORS Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 America Jennifer Campbell Hulse, Playfair & McGarry TEL. 232-1509 FAX 232-5184 490 Sussex Drive Editor (613) 233-1143 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8 (613) 231-8476 FURNITURE www.tanzaniahighcommission.ca TEL. 238-5335 FAX 688-3100 [email protected] www.usembassycanada.gov Prestige Furniture (613) 229-4245 THAILAND Lezlee Cribb His Ex. Snanchart Devahastin URUGUAY Publisher HEALTH AND BEAUTY The Royal Thai Embassy His Ex. Alväro M. Moerzinger (613) 789-6890 Feelbest.com 180 Island Park Drive Embassy of the Eastern Republic of [email protected] (613) 234-4643 ext. 230 Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 0A2 Uruguay 1-888-689-9890 TEL. 722-4444 FAX 722-6624 130 Albert Street, Suite 1905 Paul Charlton INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Director of Sales and Marketing Neolore Networks TEL. 234-2727 FAX 233-4670 (613) 614-6156 (613) 594-9199 TOGO [email protected] His Ex. Bawoumondom Amelete VENEZUELA LEGAL SERVICES Embassy of the Togolese Republic His Ex. Jesús Arnaldo Pérez Alicia Natividad Website 12 Range Road Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic (613) 566-7045 www.diplomatonline.com Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 of Venezuela MEDICAL TEL. 238-5916 FAX 235-6425 32 Range Road Fax Dr. Beaupré’s Vein Clinic Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 (613) 722-0101 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TEL. 235-5151 FAX 235-3205 (613) 789-9313 His Ex. Arnold Piggott www.misionvenezuela.org MOVERS High Commission for the Republic Ability Movers of Trinidad and Tobago VIETNAM Directory of (613) 830-7090 1-800-267-1699 200 First Avenue, Third Level Her Ex. Hoi Thi Nguyen Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2G6 Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Advertisers PHOTOGRAPHY TEL. 232-2418 FAX 232-4349 Vietnam (Visit www.diplomatonline.com for Jana Chytilova [email protected] 470 Wilbrod Street links to websites of these businesses) (613) 447-8323 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M8 Dyanne Wilson TUNISIA TEL. 236-0772 FAX 236-2704 A C C O M M O D ATION (613) 274-7029 His Ex. Hetira Abdessalem Four Points Sheraton Embassy of the Republic of Tunisia YEMEN (613) 238-1500 REAL ESTATE 515 O’Connor Street His Ex. Dr. Abdulla Abdulwali Les Suites Hotel Leena Ray-Barnes Ottawa, Ontario K1S 3P8 Nasher (613) 232-2000 (613) 236-9551 TEL. 237-0330 FAX 237-7939 Embassy of the Republic of Yemen SEAFOOD [email protected] 54 Chamberlain Avenue Sheraton Ottawa (613) 238-1500 Lapointe’s Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1V9 (613) 789-6221 TURKEY TEL. 729-6627 FAX 729-8915 The Westin Ottawa (613) 560-7000 His Ex. Aydemir Erman www.yemenincanada.ca TRAVEL AGENCY Embassy of the Republic of Turkey APPLIANCES Accu-Rate Travel 197 Wurtemburg Street ZIMBABWE 220 Volt Depot (613) 596-5505 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8L9 Her Ex. Florence Zano Chideya (613) 746-4777 UNIVERSITIES TEL. 789-4044 FAX 789-3442 Embassy of the Republic of AUTOMOBILES University of Ottawa [email protected] Zimbabwe Elite BMW (613) 562-5700 332 Somerset Street West (613) 749-7700 1-877-868-8292 UGANDA Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0J9 Her Ex. Cissy Helen Taliwaku TEL. 237-4388 FAX 563-8269 Ogilvie Motors High Commission for the Republic (613) 745-9000 of Uganda St-Laurent Volvo 231 Cobourg Street (613) 749-VOLVO Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J2

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DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 43 D E B AT E |TH E LAST WORD

Canada’s prisoner policy confuses its values

anada has had a military presence legal status is then con - points in between, and confirmation of in Afghanistan for more than four firmed by the long-term the U.S. policy of “rendering” prisoners Cyears now and it is about to ramp holding authority. by transferring them for questioning to up its participation on the Afghan fro n t Reporter: Could you countries known to use torture – some- of the “war on terror.’’ give a bit more detail times on secretive CIA flights. The country’s soldiers are risking their about the assurances you The official word is that Canada ac- lives to project Canadian values abro a d . receive? Do they agre e cepts the U.S. assurance that the prisoners Sometimes I wonder if the country’s de- that they will hold them it hands over will be treated in the spirit cision-makers have sorted out what ALLAN THOMPSO N or do they give you — or of international law. But often, the U.S. those values are. For example, after so do they just agree gener - military’s treatment of prisoners capture d many months of military involvement in ally that they’ll treat them well? But do you in the name of the war on terror ignore s Afghanistan, why is there still such ambi- have any assurances that these detainees that law. And Canada is becoming a part guity about Canada’s policy on the treat- a re n ’t transferred to another country where of that. ment of prisoners taken there? they might be treated differently and less hu - In February 2002, there was a media Gen. Rick Hillier, Canada’s top soldier, manely? sensation after the revelation that Cana- famously quipped last summer that our BGen Ward: You know I’d like to actually dian commandos in Afghanistan had t r oops were going to Afghanistan to get back to you with that one. My under - turned prisoners over to the U.S. military. battle “detestable murd e rers and scum- standing right now is that we hand them off The last we saw of them, they were being bags.’’ Surely Canada must not lose track and we — I shouldn’t say hand them off. We bundled across an airport tarmac in or- of the fact that our soldiers sometimes e n s u re that they’re transferred in good order ange jump suits. What became of those c a p t u re people who emerge months or with assurances from the U.S. authorities. men? years later from detention as unfortunate Reporter: You don’t seek a direct assur - T h e r e is reason to wonder whether wretches who were in the wrong place at ance that you’re going to keep them, you’re Canada has been assured that such pris- the wrong time. And indeed the re a s o n not going to do something with them after, oners will not be transferred to a third Canada is in Afghanistan is to defend the ship them somewhere else? country for questioning. Yet the Cana- notion that even scumbags have rights. BGen Mike Ward: I want to get back to dian military admits it has no control of Every now and then, the media report you on that one. what happens once prisoners leave its on the Canada’s policy for dealing with Reporter: Do any of these prisoners end up c u s t o d y. prisoners in Afghanistan. There was a in Guantanamo Bay? The pro c e d u re for handling prisoners brief flurry of attention last fall after the BGen Mike Ward: I don’t have that an - a p p r ehended by Canadian soldiers in Canadian Forces confirmed a prisoner swer. Afghanistan is to turn them over to the h a n d - o v e r. But the military has never a p p r opriate authority – in this case come up with satisfactory answers to We ’ re still waiting for that answer. Afghan officials who then turn prisoners questions about our policy on detainees. How many prisoners have Canadian sol- over to the U.S. military – then notify the P resumably that is because our policy is diers apprehended, then turned over to Red Cross of the transaction. to turn these prisoners over to the United the U.S. military on the basis of vague as- In accordance with that policy, a De- States and wipe our hands. surances the detainees will be tre a t e d partment of National Defence memo For example, listen to this exchange “humanely”? Does Canada have an obli- dated June 14, 2002 told the Red Cro s s between BGen. Mike Ward and a reporter gation to keep tabs on the prisoners it personal details of four men first cap- at a defence department briefing held turns over, to make sure they aren’t trans- t u r ed by the Canadian military, then last year to confirm that Canada’s Joint f e r red to a third country known to use turned over to U.S. authorities. “It re- Task Force 2 commandos had taken pris- torture? mains our intention to pass on all avail- oners in Afghanistan and turned them Four years after the issue of Canadian able information re g a r ding detainees. In over to the U.S. military: handling of Afghan prisoners burst into this particular case, no other information the news, there still are no answers to is known,” the memo states. Reporter: Do you receive assurances fro m these troubling questions. A p p a re n t l y, Canada makes no further (the U.S. military) on whether or not they’ll If they are pre p a red to make such a e ffort to track that “other information.” be transferred to third parties or outside of the significant investment in A f g h a n i s t a n , Given the re c o rd of the U.S. military of country? Canadians have the right to know where late, it should. BGen Ward: Not the fact that third par - they stand. ties...what we have are agreements about the There have been months of revelations Allan Thompson is an assistant professor treatment that they’ll be afforded once they’re about the abuse of prisoners in Guan- of journalism at Carleton University. He in detention. And at that point in time their tanamo Bay, Abu Ghraib, Bagram and writes a weekly column for the Toronto Star.

44 JANUARY—FEBRUARY 2006

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