The Genesis of Hezbollah
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Report on Fact-Finding Mission to Lebanon 2 - 18 May 1998
The Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: + 45 35 36 66 00 Website: www.udlst.dk E-mail: [email protected] Report on fact-finding mission to Lebanon 2 - 18 May 1998 List of contents Introduction 1. Political situation A. General political situation in Lebanon at present Continued Israeli presence Taif agreement and Syrian influence Main political issues and events B. Presence of Syrians C. Main Palestinian organisations in Lebanon and their significance D. Lebanese view of Palestinians at present and in future Official position Views of independent sources Palestinian comments Conditions for Palestinians in Syria and Jordan 2. Security conditions A. General security situation in Lebanon at present, including southern Lebanon Territory under the authorities' control Situation in southern Lebanon Security in the camps B. Palestinians' relationship with Lebanese C. Palestinians' relationship with Syrians D. Inter-Palestinian conflicts 3. Palestinians' legal status A. Residence status Legal basis Types of residence status B. Obtaining of identity papers and travel documents, including renewability etc. Travel documents and laissez-passers C. Naturalisation legislation D. Lebanese legal system E. Law enforcement Crime trends Report on fact-finding mission to Lebanon Syrian authority 4. Social and economic conditions A. General living conditions B. Palestinians' access to and entitlement to take up employment and self-employment Legal basis Actual access to employment Self-employment C. Palestinians' entitlement and access to education and training D. Palestinians' access to housing and right to own property E. Other civil rights and duties for Palestinians F. Freedom of movement for Palestinians 5. UNRWA A. UNRWA's role and activities Health Education Social and emergency aid B. -
Analysis of Platforms in Lebanon's 2018 Parliamentary Election
ا rلeمtركnزe اCل لبeنsانneي aلbلeدرLا eساThت LCPS for Policy Studies r e p a 9 Analysis of Platforms 1 P 0 2 y a y M in Lebanon's 2018 c i l o Parliamentary Election P Nizar Hassan Founded in 1989, the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies is a Beirut-based independent, non-partisan think tank whose mission is to produce and advocate policies that improve good governance in fields such as oil and gas, economic development, public finance, and decentralization. Copyright© 2019 The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies Designed by Polypod Executed by Dolly Harouny Sadat Tower, Tenth Floor P.O.B 55-215, Leon Street, Ras Beirut, Lebanon T: + 961 1 79 93 01 F: + 961 1 79 93 02 [email protected] www.lcps-lebanon.org Analysis of Platforms in Lebanon's 2018 Parliamentary Election 1 1 Nizar Hassan The author would like to thank Sami Nizar Hassan is a former researcher at the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies. He Atallah, John McCabe, and Georgia Dagher for their contributions to this paper. holds an M.Sc. in Labour, Social Movements and Development from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. At LCPS, his work focused on Lebanese political parties and movements and their policy platforms. His master’s research examined protest movements in Lebanon and he currently researches political behavior in the districts of Chouf and Aley. Nizar co-hosts ‘The Lebanese Politics Podcast’, and his previous work has included news reporting and non-profit project management. 2 LCPS Policy Paper Introduction Prior to the May 2018 Lebanese Parliamentary Election, a majority of 2 2 political parties and emerging political groups launched electoral Henceforth referred to as 'emerging platforms outlining their political and socioeconomic goals and means groups'. -
Political Posters of the Lebanese Civil War and Hezbollah by Megan
Momentary Memorials: Political Posters of the Lebanese Civil War and Hezbollah By Megan Elizabeth Miller Department of Art and Art History, University of Colorado Boulder Defended on 4 November, 2014 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Kira van Lil Defense Committee: Dr. Kira van Lil, Department of Art and Art History Dr. Robert Nauman, Department of Art and Art History Frances Charteris, Program for Writing and Rhetoric Miller 2 Abstract The Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) is a product of its diverse participating factions. With more than a dozen political, religious, and social parties, the streets of Lebanon became flooded with contradicting political imageries, influencing public perception of the ‘other’ and inciting military action. Their unique role in Lebanon’s political atmosphere allows such graphics to transcend mere propaganda to become physical sites of memorialization, despite their ephemerality. Posters exhibiting martyrs, political icons, and spiritual references control viewers’ field of vision and prompt their physical accumulation around the images, much like one would see at a funeral or sculptural memorial. These images give cause for public commemoration. Though several militias are disbanded at the end of the civil war, Hezbollah gains notoriety for its rapid advancement, made possible, in part, by the party’s media strategies. Once dominated by images of martyrs, Hezbollah posters begin to memorialize moments in time – their subject matter as ephemeral as their medium. This thesis is an examination of political poster aesthetics and how such is situated within the larger discourses of art history and graphic design, ultimately arguing for Lebanon’s prominent role as an artistic hub in the Middle East. -
21St May 2020 Lebanon Abroad Australia Sydney Website
21st May 2020 Lebanon Abroad Australia Sydney Website: www.lebanonabroad.org Email: [email protected] Phone: +61 400 777 773 Committee Secretariat Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Defence and Trade P.O.Box 6021 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600, Australia Re: Enquiry into Australia to examine and implement sanctions based on Magnitsky Act. Dear Honourable Members of the Committee, Lebanon abroad is an NPO based in Sydney Australia that fully supports the Magnitsky sanction Act to sanction or ban any human rights abuses in all shape and form. "Corruption and terrorism violate and destroy all human rights in society." Political corruption and terrorism in Lebanon are taking place as you read this submission. Both occupy a dominant place to such an extent that it has become an integral part of governance and administration policies that have had an impact and affecting the Lebanese society economically, socially and in environmental terms and has been taking place for decades. All politicians in Lebanon (without exception) abuse their power and their dominant position for private gain. The practice of corruption, terrorism, clientelism, embezzlement of public funds, lobbying, conflicts of interest, favoritism, Ponzi schemes, fuel smuggling, violence, murder, nepotism, unlawful arrests and torture, money laundering and all kinds of unhealthy pressures and influences practiced in all public sectors from the highest hierarchy to the most subordinate function. Bribery has become commonplace and official practice to facilitate business in Lebanon. Many laws against corruption have been enacted but never implemented, either because the necessary decree or law of the application were never issued or because the stipulations of the law made its application impossible (law against illicit enrichment) or because relevant authorities never exercised competences in applying the law. -
OF LEBANON: WHAT WIKILEAKS TELLS US ABOUT AMERICAN EFFORTS to FIND an ALTERNATIVE to HIZBALLAH December 22, 2011 Gloria-Center.Org
http://www.gloria-center.org/2011/12/the-%e2%80%9cindependent-shi%e2%80%99a%e2%80%9d-of-lebanon-what-wikileaks-tells-us-about-american-efforts-to-find-an-alternative-to-hizballah/ THE “INDEPENDENT SHI’A” OF LEBANON: WHAT WIKILEAKS TELLS US ABOUT AMERICAN EFFORTS TO FIND AN ALTERNATIVE TO HIZBALLAH December 22, 2011 gloria-center.org By Phillip Smyth U.S. diplomatic cables released by Wikileaks have given a new insight into American policy in Lebanon, especially efforts to counter Hizballah. Hizballah’s willingness to use a combination of hard power through violence and coercion, combined with a softer touch via extensive patronage networks has given them unmatched control over the Shi’a community since the 2005 Cedar Revolution. Using these released cables, this study will focus on efforts, successes, and failures made by so-called “independent” Shi’i political organizations, religious groups, and NGOs to counter Hizballah’s pervasive influence among Lebanon’s Shi’a. I sat in on a fascinating meeting yesterday with some independent Shia Muslims – that is to say, Shias who are trying to fight against Hezbollah’s influence in Lebanon. They’re an admirable group of people, really on the front lines of history in a pretty gripping way… To make a long story short, the March 14 coalition pretty much screwed them… However: you know how everyone says Lebanon is so complicated? Well, it is, but once you understand a few basic particulars on why things are structured as they are, it’s really not so different from other places. – Michael Tomasky, American journalist, March 13, 2009.[1] INTRODUCTION Leaked cables emanating from Wikileaks have provided a unique insight into a realm of U.S. -
Boundaries and Political Agency of Palestinian Refugee Camps in Lebanon Zeinab Amiri Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 Boundaries and political agency of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon Zeinab Amiri Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Architecture Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Amiri, Zeinab, "Boundaries and political agency of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15655. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15655 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Boundaries and political agency of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon by Zeinab Amiri A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Architecture Program of Study Committee: Marwan Ghandour, Major Professor Ross Exo Adams Nell Gabiam Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 Copyright © Zeinab Amiri, 2016. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................... -
Lebanon – Allawi Muslim Sect – Syrian Ba'ath Party – Sunni Militants
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: LBN31663 Country: Lebanon Date: 3 May 2007 Keywords: Lebanon – Allawi Muslim sect – Syrian Ba’ath party – Sunni militants – Akkar region This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Please provide information on the Allawi Muslim sect in Lebanon. 2. Please provide information on the organisation, size and role of the Syrian Ba’ath Party in Lebanon, and in Tripoli. 3. Are there any reports of recent attacks on members of the Ba’ath party by persons or groups in the Lebanese community? 4. Is there any information on whether there is any conflict between any known Sunni groups and members of the Ba’ath party. 5. Is it likely that a person would not be able to seek assistance from the Lebanese police in the event they were threatened for reasons of his membership or imputed membership of the Ba’ath Party? 6. Where is the Akkar region in Lebanon and is it an area which is under the protection of Syrian security authorities or influence? How far is Khoura Dahr El Ein from the Akkar region? RESPONSE 1. Please provide information on the Allawi Muslim sect in Lebanon. Information on the Allawi (or Alawite) Muslim sect in Lebanon is not extensive. The Alawite community is one of the smallest Muslim religious communities in Lebanon and one of eighteen religious groups which are officially recognised in the country (US Department of State 2006, International Religious Freedom Report – Lebanon, 15 September http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71426.htm – Accessed 23 April 2007 – Attachment 1). -
Political Party Mapping in Lebanon Ahead of the 2018 Elections
Political Party Mapping in Lebanon Ahead of the 2018 Elections Foreword This study on the political party mapping in Lebanon ahead of the 2018 elections includes a survey of most Lebanese political parties; especially those that currently have or previously had parliamentary or government representation, with the exception of Lebanese Communist Party, Islamic Unification Movement, Union of Working People’s Forces, since they either have candidates for elections or had previously had candidates for elections before the final list was out from the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities. The first part includes a systematic presentation of 27 political parties, organizations or movements, showing their official name, logo, establishment, leader, leading committee, regional and local alliances and relations, their stance on the electoral law and their most prominent candidates for the upcoming parliamentary elections. The second part provides the distribution of partisan and political powers over the 15 electoral districts set in the law governing the elections of May 6, 2018. It also offers basic information related to each district: the number of voters, the expected participation rate, the electoral quotient, the candidate’s ceiling on election expenditure, in addition to an analytical overview of the 2005 and 2009 elections, their results and alliances. The distribution of parties for 2018 is based on the research team’s analysis and estimates from different sources. 2 Table of Contents Page Introduction ....................................................................................................... -
The Case of Hezbollah in Lebanon by Mohamad Ibrahim BA, Lebanese
Survival through restrained institutionalization: The case of Hezbollah in Lebanon by Mohamad Ibrahim B.A., Lebanese American University, 2017 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of Security Studies College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2019 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Carla Martinez-Machain Copyright © Mohamad Ibrahim 2019. Abstract This thesis is an in-depth exploration of the evolving nature of domestic strategies adopted by Lebanon’s Hezbollah since its foundation in 1985 until the contemporary time. Based on Joel Migdal’s contributions to the literature on state-society relations, and Samuel Huntington’s understanding of institutionalization, it seeks to highlight and explain important transformations in Hezbollah’s political program, its sustained acquisition of arms, its social mobilization strategy, and its sensitive relationship with a de jure sovereign yet de facto weak Lebanese consociational system. The study proposes an explanation that combines Hezbollah’s ability to take advantage of the segmental autonomy that characterizes the power-sharing arrangements governing the Lebanese political system, and the overall existing political opportunity structure. The core argument is that Hezbollah has been able to become a powerful non-state actor through a process of restrained institutionalization which takes into consideration the need to sustain popular support on one hand, and the sensitive intricacies of Lebanon’s consociational system on the other hand. In other words, Hezbollah has invested its capacities in a way that maximizes its power in the existing political system, while remaining institutionally autonomous to a relative extent from it, and therefore becoming able to pursue its independent interests. -
Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon
Islamism in the diaspora: Palestinian refugees in Lebanon Are Knudsen WP 2003: 10 Islamism in the diaspora: Palestinian refugees in Lebanon Are Knudsen WP 2003: 10 Chr. Michelsen Institute Development Studies and Human Rights CMI Reports This series can be ordered from: Chr. Michelsen Institute P.O. Box 6033 Postterminalen, N-5892 Bergen, Norway Tel: + 47 55 57 40 00 Fax: + 47 55 57 41 66 E-mail: [email protected] www.cmi.no Price: NOK 50 ISSN 0805-505X ISBN 82-8062-060-5 This report is also available at: www.cmi.no/public/public.htm Indexing terms Islam Refugees Palestinians Lebanon Project title Muwatin-CMI Research Co-operation Project number 22010 Contents INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 1 PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN LEBANON: A BRIEF HISTORY.............................................. 2 REFUGEE CAMPS ...................................................................................................................................... 3 PALESTINIAN IDENTITY ....................................................................................................................... 5 LEBANESE HOSTS ..................................................................................................................................... 6 LEBANESE IS LAMISM............................................................................................................................. 9 MAINSTREAM ...........................................................................................................................................10 -
HIZBALLAH RISING: the POLITICAL BATTLE for the LOYALTY of the SHI'a of LEBANON by Rodger Shanahan*
HIZBALLAH RISING: THE POLITICAL BATTLE FOR THE LOYALTY OF THE SHI'A OF LEBANON By Rodger Shanahan* The 2004 municipal elections in Lebanon highlighted the competition between Amal and Hizballah for the political loyalty of the Shi'a of Lebanon. The decision by Syria to allow both parties to compete against each other on separate electoral tickets, presented an opportunity to test the parties' relative popularity. Hizballah emerged the much stronger party, and while it is likely that a joint ticket between Amal and Hizballah will be put in place for the 2005 parliamentary elections, the local government elections illustrate the potential political power of Hizballah. Although both parties compete for the same communal vote, Hizballah's unity and probity contrast markedly with the Amal Movement, whose reputation amongst the Shi'a community is at its lowest level in years. The growing political popularity of Hizballah poses problems for the United States in its approach to the "War on Terror." heavily influenced by the broader strategic hile the future political direction taken W desires of the dominant foreign force in by the Shi'a majority in Iraq is of immense Lebanon: Syria. interest to U.S. policy makers, a longer- The contest between Hizballah and running political contest is still being Amal for the position of pre-eminent played out in another part of the Arab world representative of the Shi'a community has, for the political loyalty of the same at times, been a heated one. Although Amal community. Since the re-emergence of had its genesis in the Movement of the elections following the end of the civil war Dispossessed (Harakat al-Mahrumin), in Lebanon, where the Shi'a represent the 1 founded by the charismatic scholar ('alim) largest of the communal groups, both Amal Musa as-Sadr, it turned briefly to the and Hizballah have been forced to run on secular leadership of Husayn Husayni in joint electoral tickets for the national 1979, and since 1980, Nabih Berri. -
Lebanon's Parliamentary Election of 2018
ا rلeمtركnزe اCل لبeنsانneي aلbلeدرLا eساThت LCPS for Policy Studies r e p Lebanon’s Parliamentary r a e P p 9 Election of 2018: 1 a y 0 2 c P y i r a Seats, Coalitions, and l u y n o a c J i P l Candidate Profiles o P Sami Atallah and Sami Zoughaib Founded in 1989, the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies is a Beirut-based independent, non-partisan think tank whose mission is to produce and advocate policies that improve good governance in fields such as oil and gas, economic development, public finance, and decentralization. Copyright© 2019 The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies Designed by Polypod Executed by Dolly Harouny Sadat Tower, Tenth Floor P.O.B 55-215, Leon Street, Ras Beirut, Lebanon T: + 961 1 79 93 01 F: + 961 1 79 93 02 [email protected] www.lcps-lebanon.org Lebanon’s Parliamentary Election of 2018: Seats, Coalitions, and Candidate Profiles 1 1 Sami Atallah and Sami Zoughaib The authors would like to thank Mohammed Diab, John McCabe, Ned Whalley, Josee Bilezikjian, and Ayman Tibi for their contribution to this paper. Sami Atallah Sami Atallah is the director of the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS). He is currently leading several policy studies on youth social identity and political engagement, electoral behavior, political and social sectarianism, and the role of municipalities in dealing with the refugee crisis. He is the co-editor of Democracy, Decentralization, and Service Delivery in the Arab World (with Mona Harb, Beirut, LCPS 2015), co-editor of The Future of Oil in Lebanon: Energy, Politics, and Economic Growth (with Bassam Fattouh, I.B.