INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM: ATTRIBUTES OF TERRORIST EVENTS

ITERATE

1968-2020

DATA CODEBOOK

Compiled by

Edward F. Mickolus Todd Sandler Jean M. Murdock Peter A. Flemming

Last Update June 2020 The ITERATE project is an attempt to quantify data on the characteristics of transnational terrorist groups, their activities which have international impact, and the environment in which they operate. ITERATE 3 and 4 update the coverage of terrorist incidents first reported in ITERATE 1 and 2, which can be obtained from the Inter- University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. ITERATE 3 and 4 are compatible with the coding categories used in its predecessors, but includes new variables.

The working definition of international/transnational terrorism used by the ITERATE project is the use, or threat of use, of anxiety-inducing, extra-normal violence for political purposes by any individual or group, whether acting for or in opposition to established governmental authority, when such action is intended to influence the attitudes and behavior of a target group wider than the immediate victims and when, through the nationality or foreign ties of its perpetrators, its location, the nature of its institutional or human victims, or the mechanics of its resolution, its ramifications transcend national boundaries. International terrorism is such action when carried out by individuals or groups controlled by a sovereign state, whereas transnational terrorism is carried out by basically autonomous non-state actors, whether or not they enjoy some degree of support from sympathetic states. "Victims" are those individuals who are directly harmed by the terrorist incident. While a given terrorist action may somehow harm world stability, citizens of nations must feel a more direct loss than the weakening of such a collective good.

The dataset consists of four parts. Nearly all incidents appear in the COMMON file, which the FATE, HOSTAGE and SKYJACK files supplement. Some non-terrorist domestic skyjackings appear in the SKYJACK file and not in the COMMON file. In cases in which we know what happened to the terrorists, we record their destiny in the FATE file. Variables specific to hostage-taking incidents, including aerial, land, and sea hijackings, barricade-and-hostage situations, and kidnappings are provided in the HOSTAGE file.

SUMMARY OF VARIABLES

List of Variables in COMMON File

Incident Characteristics

1. Date of start of incident--year 2. Date of start of incident--month 3. Date of start of incident--day/and incident code number 4. Location start 5. Location end 6. Scene of incident 7. Evidence of state sponsorship 8. Type of state sponsorship 9. Type of incident 10. Total number of nationalities involved in incident

Terrorist Characteristics

11. First group initiating action 12. Second group initiating action 13. Number of terrorist groups directly involved 14. Number of terrorists in attack force 15. Number of female terrorists in attack force 16. Number of nationalities of terrorists in attack force 17. First nationality of terrorists in attack force 18. Second nationality of terrorists in attack force 19. Third nationality of terrorists in attack force 20. Recidivists in attack force

Victim Characteristics

21. Number of victims 22. Number of nationalities of victims 23. First victim's nationality 24. Second victim's nationality 25. Third victim's nationality 26. Number of United States victims 27. Type of United States victim 28. Type of immediate victim 29. Nature of victim entities

Life and Property Losses

30. Total individuals wounded 31. Terrorists wounded 32. Foreign wounded 33. United States wounded 34. Government officials wounded 35. Total number of individuals killed 36. Terrorists killed 37. Foreign killed 38. United States killed 39. Government officials killed 40. Amount of damage 41. Type of weapon used

Success/Failure

42. Terrorist logistical success

List of Variables in FATE File

Fate of Terrorists

1. Incident code/date 2. First fate of terrorists 3. Number of terrorists receiving first fate 4. Second fate of terrorists 5. Number of terrorists receiving second fate 6. Third fate of terrorists 7. Number of terrorists receiving third fate 8. Fourth fate of terrorists 9. Number of terrorists receiving fourth fate 10. Total number of terrorists arrested

Extradition

11. Was extradition requested 12. Nation requesting extradition 13. Identity of nation receiving extradition request 14. Was extradition request granted

List of Variables in HOSTAGE File

Target of Terrorist Demands

1. Incident code/date 2. Number of hostages 3. Number of hostages that escaped during the incident after being secured by terrorists 4. Target of demands 1 5. Target of demands 2 6. Target of demands 3 7. Number of governments/entities upon whom demands were made 8. Were demands made upon host nation

Negotiation Behavior

9. Demand #1: Media announcement 10. Demand #2: Political change 11. Demand #3: Non-Robin Hood ransom 12. Demand #4: Robin Hood ransom 13. Demand #5: Release prisoners 14. Demand #6: Safe haven for a destination 15. Demand #7: Safe passage out of the location 16. Demand #8: Other demands 17. Terrorist behavior in negotiations 18. Allowed sequential release of hostages 19. Allowed deadline to pass without engaging in action threatened 20. Number of deadlines where the threat was carried out

Results of Negotiations

21. Terrorist negotiation success 22. Type of target negotiator 23. Number of target negotiators 24. Response of target 25. Amount of ransom paid 26. Source of ransom payment 27. Number of prisoners released 28. Ultimate destination of released prisoners 29. First hostage's fate 30. Second hostage's fate 31. Duration of incident in hours 32. Duration of incident in days

Other Nations Involved in Incident

33. Number of nations denying safe haven request 34. First nation denying safe haven request 35. Second nation denying safe haven request 36. Number of nations granting safe haven request 37. First nation granting safe haven request 38. Second nation granting safe haven request 39. Number of nations with ancillary involvement in incident 40. First ancillary nation 41. Second ancillary nation

List of Variables in SKYJACK File

1. Date of Start of Incident--Year 2. Date of Start of Incident--Month 3. Date of Start of Incident--Day 4. Incident Code number 5. Duration in hours

Airline Information

6. Type of plane 7. Airline company

Location of Incident

8. Flight plan embarkation point 9. Hijacker embarkation point 10. Flight plan end point 11. Hijacker desired end point 12. Number of stopovers and refuelings

Number of Individuals Involved

13. Crew members 14. Individuals on board plane 15. Hijackers 16. Number wounded 17. Hostages wounded 18. Hijackers wounded 19. Crew wounded 20. Number killed 21. Hostages killed 22. Hijackers killed 23. Crew killed 24. Damage to plane 25. Logistical success of hijacking incident 26. Negotiation success of hijacking incident 27. Type of weapon DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES

Description of Variables in COMMON File

Incident Characteristics

1. Date of start of incident--year

The beginning of the incident is considered to be the date at the scene of the incident in which it first became apparent to individuals other than the initiators that a terrorist event was taking place. ITERATE data sets issued prior to July 2003 are coded with two digits for years (i.e. 68=1968, 69=1969...... 00=2000, 01=2001).

Values:

1968 1968 1969 1969 . . 2002 2002

2. Date of start of incident--month

See description for variable 1.

Values:

01 January 02 February . . 12 December 99 Unknown month

3. Date of start of incident--day/and incident code number

See description for variable 1. The first two digits are the day of the month, followed by a unique two-digit code number. This number is assigned to each discrete incident that occurs on a given day. Specific incidents may thus be accessed by calling up the first eight digits of an entry for an incident.

First two values:

01 . . 31 99 Unknown day

Second two values:

00 01 . . 99

4. Location start

This variable is coded according to the place-name in which the incident first began. In the case of hijackings, the point of takeoff of the plane's hijackers is used. Letter bombs are coded at the place of mailing, if known. Facilities of international organizations, such as NATO or the United Nations, are considered to be on the soil of the host government as are foreign embassies.

Codes for nations and place names conform with the standard international relations archive country code developed by Bruce M. Russett, J. David Singer and Melvin Small in "National Political Units in the Twentieth Century: A Standardized List" 62, 3 American Political Science Review (September 1968), pp. 935-950. A few entries not relevant to the Russett, et al., study have been added. Incidents have occurred in locations other than nation-states, including colonies, dependencies, in the air, and on the high seas.

The legal existence of certain of these "countries" is in dispute--in some cases armed conflict--and their use here is not meant to prejudge the merits of individual cases, nor to convey or withhold citizenship to members of separatist-oriented organizations. Some attacks are engaged in by residents of nations in which they are fighting to alter their citizenship (e.g. separatists or irredentists). While many of these attacks are considered to be domestic terrorism, such attacks are included if the terrorists traverse a natural geographical boundary to conduct attacks on the metropole, e.g. Northern Irish attacks on the main British island, Puerto Rican attacks outside of the island, and attacks within Israel by Palestinian refugees. Attacks by exiles resident in but not citizens of a nation are also included, e.g. South Moluccans in the Netherlands, Cuban exiles in the US. Domestic attacks engaged in during the conduct of a civil war are not included.

Values:

002 United States 004 United Kingdom Virgin Islands 005 United States Virgin Islands 006 Puerto Rico 010 Greenland 011 Faeroe Islands 020 Canada 030 Bermuda 031 Bahamas 040 Cuba 041 Haiti 042 Dominican Republic 050 West Indies Federation 051 Jamaica 052 Trinidad and Tobago 053 Barbados 054 Dominica 055 Grenada 056 Saint Lucia 057 Saint Vincent 058 Antigua 059 Montserrat 060 Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts), Nevis 061 Anguilla 065 Guadeloupe 068 Martinique 070 Mexico 080 British Honduras, Belize 090 Guatemala 091 Honduras 092 El Salvador 093 Nicaragua 094 Costa Rica 095 Panama 096 Panama Canal Zone 099 Indeterminate Latin American nation 100 Colombia 101 Venezuela 110 Guyana, British Guiana 115 Suriname, Dutch Guiana 120 French Guiana 130 Ecuador 135 Peru 140 Brazil 145 Bolivia 150 Paraguay 155 Chile 160 Argentina 165 Uruguay 170 Falkland Islands, Malvinas 200 United Kingdom 201 Isle of Man 202 Guernsey and dependencies 204 Northern Ireland 205 Ireland 206 Scotland 210 Netherlands 211 Belgium 212 Luxembourg 219 Corsica 220 France 221 Monaco 223 Liechtenstein 225 Switzerland 230 Spain 231 Gibraltar 232 Andorra 235 Portugal 255 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)/Germany 265 German Democratic Republic (East Germany) 290 Poland 300 Indeterminate European nation 305 Austria 310 Hungary 315 Czechoslovakia 316 Czech Republic 317 Slovak Republic 325 Italy 328 Vatican City 331 San Marino 338 Malta 339 Albania 340 Montenegro 345 Yugoslavia 344 Kosovo 346 Croatia 347 Bosnia - Herzegovina 348 Slovenia 349 Macedonia (FYRM) 350 Greece 352 Cyprus 355 Bulgaria 360 Romania 361 Lithuania 362 Moldova 363 Estonia 364 Latvia 365 USSR (Russia) 366 Azerbaijan 367 Armenia 368 Chechnya 369 Ukraine 370 Tajikistan 371 Georgia 372 Uzbekistan 373 Kazakistan 374 Kyrgyzstan 375 Finland 376 Belarus 377 Turkmenistan 380 Sweden 385 Norway 390 Denmark 395 Iceland 400 Azores 401 Madeira Isles 402 Cape Verde 403 Sao Tome and Principe 404 Guinea-Bissau 411 Spanish Guinea 412 Rio Muni 413 Fernando Po 420 Gambia 432 Mali 433 Senegal 434 Benin 435 Mauritania 436 Niger 437 Ivory Coast 438 Guinea 439 Burkina Faso, Upper Volta 440 Equatorial Guinea 450 Liberia 451 Sierra Leone 452 Ghana 461 Togo 471 Cameroon 475 Nigeria 481 Gabon 482 Central African Republic 483 Chad 484 Congo-Brazzaville 485 Zaire 500 Uganda 501 Kenya 510 Tanzania 511 Zanzibar 515 Ruanda-Urundi 516 Burundi 517 Rwanda 520 Somalia 522 Djibouti, French Somaliland 530 Ethiopia 531 Eritrea 539 Cabinda 540 Angola 541 Mozambique 551 Zambia 552 Zimbabwe, Rhodesia 553 Malawi 560 Republic of South Africa 561 Transkei 565 Namibia, South West Africa 570 Lesotho 571 Botswana 572 Swaziland 580 Madagascar, Malagasy Republic 581 Comoros 585 Reunion 590 Mauritius 591 Seychelles 599 Indeterminate African nation 600 Morocco 605 Ifni 606 Spanish North African Presidios, Alhucemas, Ceuta, Charfarinas, Melilla, Penon de Velez 607 Canary Islands 609 Spanish Sahara, Western Sahara 615 Algeria 616 Tunisia 620 Libya 625 Sudan 626 South Sudan 630 Iran 640 Turkey 645 Iraq 646 Kurdistan 651 Egypt 652 Syria 660 Lebanon 663 Jordan 666 Israel 667 Indeterminate Arabs, Palestine 668 Gaza 670 Saudi Arabia 678 Yemen 680 South Yemen, PDRY 690 Kuwait 692 Bahrain 694 Qatar 695 Dubai 696 Trucial Oman States 697 Abu Dhabi 698 Muscat and Oman 699 United Arab Emirates 700 Afghanistan 710 People's Republic of China 712 Mongolia 713 Taiwan, Republic of China 720 Hong Kong 721 Macao 731 North Korea 732 South Korea 740 Japan 741 Ryukyu Islands 750 India 760 Bhutan 761 Sikkim 765 Bangladesh 770 Pakistan 775 Burma, Myanmar 780 Sri Lanka, Ceylon 781 Maldive Islands 790 Nepal 800 Thailand 811 Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Kampuchea 812 Laos 815 Vietnam 816 North Vietnam 817 South Vietnam 820 Malaysia 830 Singapore 835 Brunei 840 Philippines 850 Indonesia 851 West Irian, Netherlands New Guinea 852 South Molucca 860 Portuguese Timor 900 Australia 910 Papua-New Guinea 920 New Zealand 925 Cook Islands 930 New Caledonia 935 New Hebrides 936 Vanuatu 940 Solomon Islands 950 Fiji 955 Tonga 960 French Polynesia, Oceania 980 United States Pacific Trust Territories 981 Marianas Islands 985 Guam 990 Western Samoa 991 American Samoa 995 NATO 996 International Organizations 997 Unspecified foreign nations 998 Indeterminate 999 unknown

5. Location end

The same 3-digit nation code used for the previous variable (number 4). Letter bombings are coded as the location at which they were discovered by authorities. Hijackings are coded as the last point of landing of the aircraft while in control of the hijackers.

Values:

(see Variable 4)

6. Scene of incident

Values:

1 Home, base, or installation of victim 2 Non-residential, non-vocational site of victim (includes street corners, markets, theaters, taverns, and hotels) 3 Office, place of employment of victim 4 Motor vehicle 5 Aircraft 6 Ship 7 Train 8 Embarkation area 9 Other, unknown

7. Evidence of state sponsorship

Direct state sponsorship of an incident entails a nation state aiding the terrorist attack force in planning or executing the incident. Aid could come in the form of financial support, weapons transported in the diplomatic pouch, reinforcements, etc. Mere generalized training--rather than incident-specific coaching--of individuals who subsequently appear in an incident is not included.

Values:

1 Some evidence that the incident received state support 2 No apparent evidence of state support 9 Unknown

8. Type of state sponsorship

Values:

1 Direct support to terrorists in incident 2 Officially-sanctioned participation of government personnel in incident 3 1 and 2 above 9 Irrelevant

9. Type of incident

Each incident is given one unique event type code. In situations in which an event had characteristics of two event types, the event is categorized as the type of incident which occurred first, e.g. an airline hijacking which becomes a barricade and hostage seizure is classified as a hijacking. Kidnapping involves the seizure of an individual and transportation of the hostage and the initiators to an underground hideout, where he is held during negotiations for his release. Barricade-and-hostage seizure operations involve the initiators taking over a site and seizing whatever hostages happen to be available. Negotiations for the release of the hostages are then conducted with the initiators themselves effectively being hostages. A nuclear-related incident involves the actual use of nuclear material, such as radioactive iodine, pollution via nuclear substances, or nuclear bombings. A bombing of a nuclear weapons storage facility or the bombing of a nuclear power plant is classified as a bombing.

Values:

01 Kidnapping 02 Barricade and hostage seizure 03 Occupation of facilities without hostage seizure 04 Letter or parcel bombing 05 Incendiary bombing, arson, Molotov cocktail 06 Explosive bombing, roadside bombs, mines 07 Armed attack employing missiles 08 Armed attack--other, including mortars, bazookas, firearms, drones 09 Aerial hijacking 10 Takeover of non-aerial means of transportation 11 Assassination, murder 12 Sabotage not involving explosives or arson 13 Exotic pollution, including chemical and biological agents 14 Nuclear-related weapons attack 15 Threat with no subsequent terrorist action 16 Theft, break-in of facilities 17 Conspiracy to commit terrorist action 18 Hoax (e.g., claiming a nonexistent bomb) 19 Other actions 20 Sniping at buildings, other facilities 21 Shoot-out with police/military 22 Arms smuggling 23 Car/truck bombing 24 Suicide car/truck bombing 25 Suicide bombing 26 Attack with motor vehicle 27 Armed drone attack

10. Total number of nationalities involved in incident

A value of 01 would mean that the incident did not fit the definition of transnational terrorism which was used as the selection criterion for the dataset. Involvement in an incident may include victimization, targeting, hosting, negotiating, providing/denying asylum, patronage of the incident, and other ancillary roles.

Values: 02 2 nationalities involved . . 98 98 or more nationalities involved 99 Unknown number of nationalities involved

Terrorist Characteristics

11. First group initiating action

2 Criminals 3 no group involved 4 Indeterminate Americans 5 Army of God US 9 Organization of Struggle against World Imperialism 10 Phalangist Security Group 11 Squad of the Martyr Patrick Arguello

12 Weatherman faction of the SDS 13 Moslem International Guerrillas 14 VFVP LBF 15 Islamic Liberation Organization 16 Che Guevara Brigade 17 International Revolutionary Front 18 Pan Epirotic Federation of America and Canada 19 International Che Guevara Organization 20 United Freedom Front-Fighters-Federation 21 Jewish Defense League 22 Republic of New Africa 23 Black Panther Party 24 Revolutionary Force 7 25 Jewish Defense League-Wrath of God 26 Revolutionary Affinity Group 6 27 Revolutionary Action Party 28 Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry 29 Black Revolutionary Assault Team 30 White Panthers 31 Jewish Armed Resistance 32 indeterminate Black Power urban guerrillas

33 indeterminate militant Jewish group 34 Hungarian Peace and Freedom Fighters

35 Jewish Armed Resistance Strike Movement 36 Jewish Underground Army 37 Red Guerrilla Family 38 Jewish Armed Resistance Strike Force 39 Jewish Armed Resistance Strike Unit 40 New World Liberation Front 41 Save Our Israel Land 42 Hanafi Muslims 43 National Socialist Movement, a neo-Nazi group

44 Islamic Guerrillas in America 45 Iranian Liberation Army 46 Iranian Free Army, an anti-Khomeini group 47 Imperial Iranian Patriotic Organization 48 Peoples Majority 49 Black Brigade, possibly Liberian exiles 50 Ku Klux Klan 51 Jewish Committee of Concern 52 Peoples Temple

53 New Jewish Defense League 54 Revolutionary Communist Party 55 International Committee Against Nazism 56 Jewish Action Movement 57 Iranian Student Association

58 United Americans 59 United Jewish Underground UJU 60 indeterminate Puerto Rican terrorists 61 Armed Commandos of Liberation 62 MIRA 63 Puerto Rican Resistance Movement 64 Puerto Rican Liberation Front 65 FALN, Armed Front for National Liberation 66 Independence Revolutionary Armed Commandos 67 Anti-Communist Alliance

68 Machete Wielders, Macheteros 69 Ramon Emeterio Betances PR Independence 70 Organization of Volunteers for PR Revolution 71 Puerto Rican Popular Army 72 Armed Forces of Popular Resistance

73 ARU, Armed Resistance Unit 121 Jewish Direct Action, a US group 122 El Rukn, a US group 123 Kahana Organization radical Zionist - US 201 Quebec Liberation Front 202 Canadian Hungarian Freedom Fighters Federation 203 Direct Action, Action Directe

369 Military Liberation Union Cuba 370 Commando L Cuba - US 371 Pedro Luis Boitel Command

372 Pedro Ruiz Botero Commandos 373 International Secret Revolutionary United Cells 374 Anti-Castro Commandos 375 CORU, Coordination of United Revolutionary Orgs 376 Cuban Revolutionary Organization 377 Secret Anti-Castro Cuban Army 378 Brigade 2506 379 Cuban Youth Group

380 El Condor 381 Cuban Power 76 382 Youths of the Star 383 El Alacran, The Scorpion 384 Cuban Action Commandos 385 Omega-7 386 Movement for Cuban Justice 387 Pragmatistas

388 Cuban C-4 Movement 389 Latin American Anti-Communist Army 390 M-7 391 Secret Organization Zero 392 Abdala 393 Secret Hand Organization 394 Cuban Action 395 Cuban Anti-Communist League

396 FIN, Cuban Nationalist Front 397 Cuban National Liberation Front - FLNC 398 Anti-Communist Commandos 399 Young Cubans 400 indeterminate Cuban group 401 El Poder Cubano - Cuban Power 402 Cuban Revolutionary Directorate 403 indeterminate anti-Castro Cubans 404 Alpha 66 405 Second Front of Escambray 406 Cuban Representation in Exile 407 Secret Cuban Government 408 Cuban Liberation Front 409 JCN 410 indeterminate Haitian exiles 411 Coalition of National Liberation Brigades 412 Haitian Coalition 413 Hector Riode Group 414 indeterminate Haitian 415 former Tonton Macoutes 416 United Militants Front - FMR 417 Revolutionary Front for the Promotion and Progress of Haiti FRAPH

420 indeterminate Dominican Republic exiles 421 United Anti-Reelection Command

422 Dominican left-wing revolutionaries 423 Dominican youths 424 MDP Dominican Popular Movement 425 Dominican leftists 426 12th of January Liberation Movement 427 Maximiliano Gomez Revolutionary Brigade 520 Muslimeen 541 Rastafarians 651 Guadeloupe Liberation Army 681 ARC Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance 682 22 May 1948 700 indeterminate Mexicans 701 Armed Communist League 702 People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces 703 23rd of September Communist League 704 Mexican People’s Revolutionary Army

705 Peoples Armed Command 706 Leftist rural Acapulco guerrillas 707 Peoples Liberation Army 708 FRAP 709 United Popular Liberation Army of America 710 Armed Vanguard of the Proletariat 711 National Independent Committee for 712 FPDN

713 COCEI 714 Simon Bolivar Anti-Imperialist Commando 715 Citizen Defense Committee Mexico 716 Zapatista National Liberation Army 717 Knights Templar (Mexican drug cartel) 851 Roque Dalton Command 852 Juan Rayo Guerrilla Group 853 FAP PEOPLES ARMED FORCES 854 April 7 Martyrs Command - Honduras 855 Revolutionary United front Movement - Honduras 888 Revolutionary Patriotic Forces Honduras 889 Civilian Self-Defense Patrol Guatemala (Guatemalan) 890 National Settlers Movement Guatemalan Peasants 891 National Revolutionary Unity 892 Comite de Unidad Campesina CUP Peasant Unity Committee

893 ORPA 894 Counterrevolutionary Solidarity 895 National League for the Protection of Guatemala 896 Pedro Diaz Command 897 Guatemalan Labor Party 898 CUC 899 Che Guevara Command of Guatemala

900 indeterminate Guatemalans 901 FAR PGTFAR 902 MR-13 903 GALGAS 904 EGP 905 Guatemalan Nationalist Commando 906 ESA Secret Anti-Communist Army 907 Clandestine Rebel Armed Forces 908 Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez Front 909 FP-31 January 31 Popular Front 910 indeterminate Honduran Guerrillas 911 FREPA Patriotic Anticommunist Front 912 URP Revolutionary Peoples Union 913 Popular Revolutionary Command Lorenzo Zelaya 914 National Coordinating Board of Solidarity 915 Martyrs of La Talanquera 916 Cinchonero National Liberation Front 917 Federation of Secondary Students

918 Honduran Anti-Communist Movement 919 Morazanist Front for the Liberation of Honduras 920 indeterminate El Salvadoran guerrillas 921 ERP People’s Revolutionary Army 922 FMLN Faribundo Marti Liberation Labor Forces 923 White Warriors Union 924 LP-28 28 February Popular League 925 PRTC 926 January 28 Popular Leagues 927 FPL Peoples Liberation Forces 928 FARN Armed Forces of National Resistance 929 Salvadoran Revolutionary Front 930 Islamic Brotherhood Guatemala 931 FSLN Sandinist National Liberation Front 932 Nicaraguan Anti-Communist Democratic Movement 933 indeterminate Nicaraguan guerrillas 934 Misura Indian group 935 Anti-Sandinista Nicaraguans 936 former Contras 937 Recontras 3-80 Northern Front Nicaragua 938 Nicaraguan Students 939 Andres Castro United Front FUAC Nicaragua 940 indeterminate Costa Rican

941 Revolutionary Commandos of Solidarity 942 Roberto Santucho Revolutionary Group 943 Carlos Aguero Echeverria Command 944 Peoples Vanguard

945 MCRL Free Costa Rica Movement 946 Homeland and Freedom group 947 Anti-Yolaina Commandos Costa Rica 950 20 December Torrijist Patriotic Vanguard Vanguardia Patriotica

951 Panamanian students 952 Revolutionary Student Front

953 Kuna Indians 954 MOJAP Anti-Interventionist Juvenile Move 955 Noriega agents 956 Dignity Battalions - Colombia 957 December 20 Movement M-20 958 Torrijos Vive Group Panama

959 The Popular Army of National Liberation 960 Froilan Turcios Front 971 FDR Revolutionary Democratic Front of El 972 DRU Salvadoran Unified Revolutionary Dir 973 BPR Popular Revolutionary Bloc 974 FAPU United Popular Action Front 975 Nationalist Republican Alliance Party 976 CSS Salvadoran Suicide Commandos 977 Luis Adalberto Diaz Detachment 978 Clara Elizabeth Ramirez Urban Front 979 El Salvador National Guard 980 El Salvador Anti-Communist Alliance 981 Major Roberto dAubuisson National Force FURODA El Salvador 988 Popular Revolutionary Movement (Colombia) 989 EPC splinter group of defunct group (Colombia) 990 El Salvadoran Government Agents

991 Salvadoaran Patriotic Directorate 992 United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (right-wing, Colombia)

993 Guevarista Revolutionary Army - ARG Colombia 994 People’s Revolutionary Organization 995 September 14 Workers Self-Defense Command

996 Patriotic Liberation Front 997 MAO Worker s Self-Defense Movement 998 Colombian Indians 999 Chilean Socialist Party 1000 indeterminate Colombian guerrillas 1001 The Invisible Ones 1002 ELN National Liberation Army 1003 M-19 April 19 Movement 1004 Colombian students 1005 United Front for Guerrilla Action 1006 FARC Revolutionary Armed Forces 1007 Military Liberation Front of Colombia 1008 EPL Popular Liberation Army 1009 Revolutionary Workers Party 1010 Hernan Botero Moreno Command 1011 People’s Revolutionary Army--Zero Point 1012 Bandera Roja Red Flag 1014 National Liberation Armed Forces 1015 Group of Revolutionary Commandos 1016 Luis Boitel Commando 1017 Internationalist Brigade Venezuela 1018 Heroes of Palestine Venezuela

1019 18th Front of the Revolutionary Armed Forces 1020 Medellin Cartel Colombia 1021 Simon Bolivar National Guerrilla Coordinating Board Colombia 1022 The Movement for the Dignity of Colombia Colombia 1023 Tupamaro Revolutionary Movement - Venezuela 1101 Peoples Progressive Party 1151 Brunswijk Gang Jungle Commando 1152 Suriname Liberation front SLF 1300 indeterminate Ecuadoran leftists 1301 Anti-Poncista group 1302 Ecuadoran students 1303 18 October Movement Astra Revolutionary 1304 Ruminahui Front of Solidarity with Centra 1305 Alfaro Lives Damn It 1306 America Battalion 1307 JCE Ecuadoran Community Youth 1308 Heroes of Canto Grande Ecuador 1309 Free Homeland Montoneras Movement Ecuador

1310 Achuar Indians Ecuador 1311 People’s Revolutionary Militias Group MRP Ecuador 1349 indeterminate Peruvian guerrillas 1350 Peruvian students 1351 MTR 1352 MANO Movimiento Armada Nacionalista 1353 Condor 1354 Revolutionary Vanguard 1355 MIR Movement of the Revolutionary Left 1356 Sendero Luminoso Shining Path Maoists 1357 Peruvian Anti-Communist Alliance 1358 MRTA Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement 1359 Peruvian Maoists 1400 indeterminate Brazilian extremists 1401 VPR Popular Revolutionary Vanguard 1402 MR-8 Revolutionary Movement of the 8th 1403 ALN Action for National Liberation 1404 VAR-Palmares Armed Revolutionary Vanguar 1405 Aurora Maria Nacimiento Furtado Command 1406 Trotskyist Brazilian Workers Party PT 1407 Palestine Support Group Grupo de Apoyo 1450 Bolivian peasants 1451 Peoples Command 1452 Bolivian dissidents 1453 Falange Socialista Boliviana a rightist 1454 Nationalist Commando 1455 Tupac Katari Guerilla Army EGTK Bolivia 1456 Manuel Ascencio Padilla Group Bolivia 1457 Medellin Bolivarian Militia Bolivia 1458 Zarate Willka Armed Forces of Liberation - Bolivian Indians 1459 Nestor Paz Zamora Commando - CNPZ Bolivia 1501 MoPoCo Popular Colorado Movement 1502 Political Military Organization 1503 Reorganization Committee of Revolutionary

1504 Paraguayan People’s Army 1550 indeterminate Chilean guerrillas

1551 Proletarian Action Group 1552 Revolutionary Movement of the Left 1553 Chilean leftists 1554 MIR 1555 Revolutionary Action Group 1556 FRMR Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front 1557 United Popular Action Movement MAPU 1558 5 April People s Detachment DP5 1559 September 11 Commando 1560 Lautaro Youth Movement 1561 Anticommunist Action ACHA Chile 1562 Metropolitan Coordinating Board of Settlers 1563 Anti-Imperialist Revolutionary Front 1600 indeterminate Argentine leftists 1601 FAP Peronist Armed Forces 1602 FALN Argentine National Liberation Front 1603 MANO Argentine National Organization Movement 1604 ERP Ejercito Revolucionario del Pueblo 1605 Comite Argentino de Lucha Anti-Imperialis 1606 Montoneros 1607 indeterminate Peronist guerrillas

1608 Descamisados Peronistas Montoneros 1609 ERP-August 22 1610 indeterminate Argentine guerrillas 1611 FAR Revolutionary Armed Forces 1612 Frente de Liberation Nacionel del Vietnam 1613 Movemento Peronista 1614 Argentine students 1615 Maximo Mena Commando a Peronist group

1616 AAA Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance 1617 indeterminate Argentine rightists 1618 Argentine National Social Front 1619 Argentine Youth for Sovereignty 1620 2 April Group-Capt Giacchino Command 1620 April Group-Capt Giacchino Command

1621 Independence Commando 1622 Peronist Youth 1623 People’s Revolutionary Organization OPR Argentina 1624 Eva Peron Command Argentina 1625 Anti Imperialist Commando Argentina 1650 indeterminate Uruguayan guerrillas

1651 Tupamaros MLN National Liberation Movement 1652 OPR-33 Organization of the Popular Revolution 1653 PCU 1654 Armed Popular Front FAP 1655 Raul Sendic International Brigade 1827 Patriotic Resistance Army ERP 2000 indeterminate British guerrillas 2001 Black Liberation Army 2002 Angry Brigade 2003 Muslim Extremists - UK 2003 Muslim Extremists - United Kingdom

2038 Ulster Freedom Fighters 2039 Catholic Reaction Force 2040 Irish Freedom Fighters 2041 IRA-Provos PIRA Irish Republican Army-Provisional Wing 2042 Sinn Fein 2043 UDA Ulster Defense Association 2044 Red Flag 74 2045 Young Militants 2046 indeterminate Protestant militants

2047 UVF Ulster Volunteer Force 2048 INLA Irish National Liberation Army 2049 Bobby Sands Group 2050 indeterminate Irish guerrillas 2051 indeterminate Baader-Meinhof Group support 2052 Real Irish Republican Army Real IRA, RIRA 2061 Scottish National Liberation Army 2101 Dutch revolutionaries 2102 Revolutionary Peoples Resistance of the 2103 Peoples League of Free Palestine 2104 Nordic Terror Front 2105 Red Revolutionary Front 2106 Movement of Solidarity with the Central 2107 Islamic State - Belgium 2111 Direct Action Section Belgium

2112 Black Lebanon 2113 Julien Lahaut Brigade 2114 Revenge and Freedom 2115 Andreas Baader Commando of the Red Army

2116 CCC Communist Combatant Cells 2117 FRAP Proletarian Revolutionary Action Front 2118 Peace Conqueror 2119 Revolutionary Socialist Brigade - RSB Belgium 2121 October 18 Movement 2191 Corsican National Liberation Front FLNC 2192 Pasquale Paoli Unit of the Corsican Guerrilla 2193 indeterminate Corsican separatists 2199 French Islamic extremists 2200 French students 2201 Movement of Youthward Brothers in War of 2202 Masada--Action and Defense Movement 2203 Committee of Coordination 2204 Charles Martel Group 2205 We Must Do Something 2206 Group for the Defense of Europe 2207 Youth Action Group a rightist organization 2208 6th of March Group 2209 Front de l Auto-Defense Juive 2210 International Solidarity 2211 indeterminate French Zionists 2212 indeterminate French rightists 2213 Avengers composed of ex-WWII resistance 2214 Spanish deportees 2215 Action Front for the Liberation of the Ba 2216 Committee for Socialist Revolutionary Unity 2217 Solidarity Resistance Front 2218 New Order 2219 Red Army Faction of Southern France 2220 Andreas Baader Commando 2221 Direct Action March 27-28 Direct Action 2222 Afghan Collective 2223 Jewish Brigade

2224 Palestine Resistance 2225 Autonomous Revolutionary Brigade 2226 Afghanistan Islamic Nationalist Revolution

2227 Gazi 2228 Assembly for Moral Order and Anti-Communist Youth

2229 Self-Defense Against All Authority 2230 National Youth Front a right-wing group 2231 Militant Zionist Resistance Fighters 2232 Committee for the Safeguard of the Islamic Revolution 2233 Order and New Justice Cell of the Friends of Inspector Jacques 2234 Organization of European Nationalist Group 2235 National Revolutionary Movement

2236 Basque Spanish Battalion 2237 Pessah Passover 2238 September France 2239 Bakunin Gdansk Paris Group 2240 The Breton Resistance Army - ARB France 2241 French Armed Islamic Front 2242 Friends of Carlos 2243 Committee of Solidarity with Arab and Middle Eastern Political

2244 Benchella Column 2245 French Revolutionary Brigades

2246 Organization Delta 2247 Talion Law 2248 Autonomous Intervention Collective Against the Zionist Presence in

2249 GAL - Antiterrorist Liberation Group 2250 Forsan al-Izza, Forsane Alizza (Knights of Glory) France

2251 Les Beliers Swiss Jura-ists 2252 Petra Kraus Group 2253 Swiss anarchists 2254 National Socialist Front - Switzerland 2260 Organization of French Socialists 2261 indeterminate French anarchists 2262 Anti-Armenian Organization 2263 Ordinary Men 2264 Partisans of Law and Liberty Supporters 2265 Right and Liberty Organization 2267 Gracchus Babeuf Group 2286 Iraultza 2287 Terra Lliure Free Land 2288 Catalan Red Liberation Army Ejercito Rojo Catalan de Liberacion

2289 Guerrilla Army of the Galician People 2290 Iparretarrak 2291 Spanish National Association 2292 Spanish Armed Group 2293 Basque Justice 2294 Committee of Solidarity with Euzkadi 2295 Armed Revolutionary Groups 2296 Spanish-Catalan Battalion 2297 Autonomous Anti-Capitalist Commandos

2297 CAA Autonomous Anti-Capitalist Commandos 2298 GRAPO Anti-Fascist Resistance Group-October 2299 Juan Paredes Manot International Brigade 2300 indeterminate Basques 2301 Basque Nation and Liberation

2301 ETA Basque Nation and Liberation 2302 indeterminate Spanish extremists 2303 Hammer and Sickle Cooperative 2304 MIL Iberian Liberation Movement

2305 GARI International Revolutionary Action 2306 Warriors of Christ the King Cristo Rei 2307 Catalan separatists 2308 Nationalist Intervention Group 2309 FRAP - France - Spain 2310 Mateo Morral Commando (Spanish Anarchists)

2351 ARA 2352 Revolutionary Internationalist Solidarity 2353 Portuguese Liberation Army 2354 Portuguese Anti-Communist Movement 2355 April 25 Popular Forces FP-25 2356 Zionist Action Group 2357 Action Group for Communism 2358 Anti-Capitalist and Anti-Militarist 2359 GAR Revolutionary Autonomous Group 2360 Armed Liberation Commandos ORA 2549 Venceremos Beginning of Autumn 2550 indeterminate West German leftists 2551 Baader-Meinhof Group Red Army Faction 2552 2nd of June Movement 2553 International Anti-Terror Organization 2554 Holger Meins Kommando Revolutionary Cell 2555 Baader Solidarity Group 2556 Holger Meins Brigade 2557 Ulrike MeinhofCommando 2558 Puig Antich-Ulrike Meinhof Commando 2559 Socialist Patients Collective 2560 Revolutionary Cell Brigade Ulrike Meinhof 2561 Military Sports Group Hoffman a neo-Nazi 2562 Brunswick Group

2563 Black Bloc RAF supporters 2564 In the Heart of the Beast 2565 Revolutionary Cells 2566 Andreas Baader Brigade of the German Liberation 2567 Robert E D Straker Commando of the Terr 2568 Moenchburch Liberation Army 2569 indeterminate anarchist group 2570 Commando Proletarian Action 2571 Fighting Unit of the Creation of an Anti- 2572 Proletarian Initiative and Offensive 2573 Anti-Imperialist Group 2574 Democratic Pro-German Action 2575 Autonomous Cell 2576 FAP German Workers Party 2577 National Democratic Front for the Liberation

2578 Timmerman Fighting Unit 2579 Pacifist Initiative Group 2580 Fighting Unit Hind Alamed 2581 Indeterminate German right-wing extremists 2582 National Front Germany 2583 Anti Imperialist Cell Germany 2584 Society for the New Truth (Germany) 2901 Armed Secret Organization-Execution Group

2902 antigovernment Polish guerrillas 2903 December 13 Independent Group 3051 Justice Guerrilla 3052 Neo-Nazis Austria 3053 Bavarian Liberation Army Eurobomber 3054 Austrian indeterminate right-wing extremists 3151 indeterminate Czechoslovakians 3171 National Front of Slovakia 3246 Informal Anarchic Federation 3246 Informal Federation of Anarchists (splinter of Italian Anarchist Federation) 3247 Anti Imperialist Territorial Nuclei NTA Italy

3247 National Imperialist Territorial Nuclei NTA Italy 3248 The Proletarian Revolutionary Initiative Units 3249 Armed Falange 3250 indeterminate Italians 3251 Red Brigades 3252 Ordine Nero Black Order 3253 Armed Communist Formations 3254 Sardinian separatists 3255 Proletarian Internationalism 3256 Armed Proletarian Power 3257 Italian neofascists 3258 indeterminate Italian leftists 3259 Combatants for Communism 3260 Prima Linea Front Line 3261 Chaka II 3262 Armed Revolutionary Nuclei 3263 GIP Proletarian Internationalist Groups 3264 Veneto Communist Cells 3265 Extraparliamentary Group for Communism 3266 Nuclei Armati Comunista 3267 Groups of Internationalist Communists 3268 Communist Anti-Imperialist Movement 3269 Party of the Guerrilla

3270 PLO-Red Brigades 3271 Fighting Communist Formations

3272 Proletarian Squad 3273 Proletarian Justice 3274 Red Guerrilla 3275 Autonomous Workers Movement 3276 Internationalist Communist Group 3277 Armed Communist Front 3278 indeterminate right-wing Italians 3279 Guard Corps of the Islamic European Revolution 3280 Abedi group 3281 Popular Palestinian Struggle Front - PPSF 3282 The Committee for Direct Action Against 3381 Maltese Liberation Front 3390 indeterminate Albanian guerrillas 3391 Anti-Communist Military Council 3392 Albanian Peoples Path 3393 Fides Besa Bes 3394 Albanian Autonomist Movement of Kosovo

3395 Albanian Croat HDP 3396 Red Front 3397 Liberation Army of Kosovo KLA 3398 Albanian National Army 3398 Albanian National Army ANA

3440 Muslim Green Berets Bosnia 3441 Bosian Muslims 3442 Kosovo Liberation Army 3450 indeterminateYugoslavCroatianSerbianBosnian 3451 Trotskyist Organization 3452 Young Croatian Republican Army

3453 Young Croatian Army for Freedom 3454 Croatian National Liberation Forces 3455 Croatian Freedom Fighters 3456 OTPOR resistance 3457 Commando of Croatian Revolutionaries 3458 Croatian Revolutionary Cell Bruno Busic 3459 Croatian Revolutionary Army in Germany 3460 Croatian Intelligence Service 3461 SEPO Freedom for the Serbian Fatherland 3462 Yugoslav Secret Service 3463 The Black Hand 3470 Islamic Group Military Branch Bosnia 3475 Popular Fighter Group (OLA) (Leftist group Greece). (Revenge Plot Mikhail Zhlobitsky Cell) 3476 The Revolutionary Struggle - Greece

3477 Communist Party of Macedonia 3478 Antiregime Anticapitalist Struggle

3479 1 May Organization 3480 Revolutionary Cells 3481 National Front 3482 Revolutionary Militant Wing 3483 Autonomous Greek Army 3484 Revolutionary Group for International 3485 Spiros Milios of Khimara 3486 Revolutionary People’s Army 3487 Front for the Liberation of Northern Ipir 3488 Peoples Authority

3489 People’s Revolutionary Solidarity 3490 People s Struggle Laikos Agonas 3491 People’s Revolutionary Combat Group

3492 4 August National Organization 3493 AOI Solidarity with the El Salvador People 3494 Revolutionary Greek Battalion

3495 Blue Archer 3496 Greek Armed Group for the Support 3497 Revolutionary Solidarity 3498 Oct-80

3498 October-80 3499 Revolutionary Left 3500 indeterminate Greek urban guerrillas 3501 Popular Revolutionary Resistance Group 3502 AAA Independence-Liberation-Resistance 3503 EAN Greek Anti-Dictatorial Youth 3504 National Youth Resistance Organization 3505 Greek People 3506 Patriotic Front 3507 Greek Militant Resistance 3508 Free Greeks 3509 LAOS People Number One 3510 LAOS Number 13

3511 dissident Greek students 3512 Peoples Resistance Organized Army 3513 Popular Liberation Organized Army 3514 LAOS-11 Popular Liberation Sabotage 3515 Organization of November 17 3516 Union of Officers Struggling for the Nati

3517 ELA Revolutionary Popular Struggle 3518 Peoples Front Initiative 3519 Autonomous Resistance Avtonomi Andistasi 3520 21 November Organization 3521 EOKA-B 3522 National Patriotic Front MP1431 3523 FRAXIA Midheniston Nihilist Faction Greece 3524 Group of Political Initiative of Fighters 3525 Palestinian Revenge Organization 3526 Social Resistance Organization 3527 Greek Anarchists 3528 Palestinian Fighters of Athens Abu Nidal 3529 Northern Epirus Liberation Front Malvi Greece 3530 Support of Ocalan - The Hawks of Thrace 3531 Anti-Capitalist Action Greece 3532 Red Line Greece 3533 Mavros Asteri Black Star Greece 3534 Revolutionary Nuclei nationalist far left Greece 3535 Organization Khristos Kasimis Greece 3536 The Anarchists Attack Team Greece 3537 Conspiracy of the Cells of Fire/Conspiracy Nuclei of Fire (Greek leftists) 3540 Organization for Revolutionary Self Defense - Greece

3551 Indeterminate Bulgarians 3601 Romanian agents 3602 Sons of Avram Iancu - Romania 3603 Vatra Romaneascu 3640 Rubiks Latvia 3651 Ukraine Liberation Front 3652 Etienne Bandera Ukrainian group The Rat 3653 Fils de Makhno Sons of Makhno Ukrainian 3654 Ukrainian nationalists 3655 15 October Commando 3656 Ukrainian Reactionary Force 3657 Chechen Activists 3658 KGB Russia Russian Agents 3659 Russian Neo Nazis 3660 Azerbaijanis led by Surat Gusaynor 3661 Wahhabi Islamic Group - Azerbaijan

3670 indeterminate Armenians Armenia 3680 Organization for Solidarity with the Chechen Resistance Fighters

3681 Chechen Rebels Chechnya 3682 Chechens Led by Abdallakh Shamil 3683 Chechen Islamic Extremists 3690 Belfast Kiev Fraternity pro IRA Ukraine 3691 Ukrainian National Assembly Ukrainian National Self-Defense

3692 Ukrainian white supremacists 3700 Tajik Rebels Tajikistan 3701 Muzlokandovs Gang Islamic Extremist Group Tajikistan 3702 Islamic Revival Movement Rizvon Sadurov Tajikistan 3710 Abkhazian Separatists Georgia 3711 Algetis Mglebi Algeti Wolves - Georgia 3712 indeterminate Georgian Rebels 3720 Uzbek Rebels 3721 Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 3740 Indeterminate Kyrgyz extremists 3801 B-26 3802 Christian Klar Command 3803 Malmo Muslims Jihad 3804 We Who Built Sweden Sweden 3805 indeterminate far right extremists (Sweden) 3806 Indeterminate Muslim extremists (Sweden) 3851 National Socialist Nazi Front 3852 al-Qaeda (Norway) 3900 GN 95 Poland 3901 Choson Minju Chonson 3902 Danish Neo Nazis

3951 indeterminate Icelandic 4320 Armed Resistance Group Mali 4321 The Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (Mali – Al Qaeda splinter group)

4323 Ansar Dine (al-Qaeda Mali) 4324 Tuaregs (Mali) 4325 al—Mourabitoun – The Sentinels (Mali)

4326 Macina Liberation Movement (Mali) 4327 indeterminate Malian jihadis 4328 Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen (merger of Ansar Dine, al-Mourabitoun, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb) 4329 Islamic State (Mali) 4340 Indeterminate Jihadis Benin 4360 Tuaregs Niger 4361 Niger Students 4362 Niger rebels linked to al-Qaeda 4370 indeterminate Ivory Coast Rebels 4381 Guinean agents 4390 indeterminate Burkinabes 4392 indeterminate jihadis (Burkina Faso). 4499 Ulimo J

4500 Ulimo K 4501 LPP Liberian Peoples Party 4502 UPP United Peoples Party

4503 Liberian Rebels led by Prince Johnson 4504 indeterminate Liberians 4505 Liberian Rebels led by Charles Taylor 4506 Liberia Peace Council 4510 Revolutionary United Front led by Foday Sankoh 4511 indeterminate Sierra Leone rebels 4512 Armed Forces Revolutionary Council Sierra Leone 4610 indeterminate Togolese Guerillas 4611 Togolese Agents 4710 Militia led by Ebi Dari - Cameroon 4748 Niger Delta Avengers - Nigeria 4749 indeterminate Biafran Separatists 4750 Ansaru (Jama’atu Ansural Muslimina Fi Biladis, Sudan)

4751 Nigerian agents 4752 National Union of Petroleum and National Gas Workers 4753 Ijaw Tribe Nigeria 4754 indeterminate Nigerians 4755 Enough is Enough in the Niger River Nigeria 4756 Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) 4757 Joint Revolutionary Council of the Niger Delta (Nigeria) 4758 Boko Haram – Jamaatu Alisis Sunna Jamaatu Ahlis Sunna Lidda Awati Wal-Jihad (Nigeria)

4758 Boko Haram, Nigeria 4759 Gunmen in the Niger Delta (Nigeria) 4810 indeterminate Gabonese 4821 Central African National Liberation Movement 4822 Central African Empire students

4823 Seleka Muslim (Central African Republic) 4824 anti-balaka Christian militia (Central African Republic) 4825 indeterminate Central African Republic rebels 4826 Democratic Front of the Central African People 4830 indeterminate Chadian guerrillas 4831 FROLINAT Chadian National Liberation Front 4832 FAN 4833 OLTIF Organization for the Liberation of 4834 Idriss Miskine group 4835 indeterminate Chadian dissidents 4836 Movement for Democracy and Development MDD Chad 4841 Congolese Armed Patriotic Group 4842 Lendus Congo 4843 Congolese Rally for Democracy 4844 indeterminate Congolese militiamen

4845 M23 (Congo) 4846 Rahiya Mutomboki (Congo) 4847 Kamwina Nsapu militia (Congo) 4850 indeterminate Zairean guerrillas 4851 National Movement of Congo-Lumumba 4852 indeterminate Tutsis Zaire 4853 Allied Defense Forces (Congo) 4900 indeterminate Zairean Rebels 4901 People’s Revolutionary Party 4902 People’s Army of the Oppressed in Zaire 5001 Uganda Freedom Movement 5002 indeterminate Ugandan guerrillas 5003 National Resistance Army 5004 United Democratic Christian Army Uganda 5005 The Lord’s Resistance Army Religious Sect Uganda 5006 Allied Democratic Forces ADF Uganda Uganda Democratic Alliance’s Secret for Mobilization, Information and Publicity, also (Madinat al Tawhid wal Muwahedeen (City of 5007 Monotheism and Monotheists - MTM) 5008 Allied Democratic Forces (Ugandan Muslim Group) 5100 indeterminate Kenyans 5101 Revolutionary Youth Movement of Tanzania 5160 indeterminate Hutus Burundi 5161 indeterminate Tutsis Burundi 5162 indeterminate rebels Burundi 5163 National Liberation Forces - Hutus (Burundi)

5163 National Liberation Forces Hutus 5170 indeterminate Hutus Rwanda 5171 Rwandan Rebels 5172 PALIR Hutu Extremists Rwanda 5173 Rwanda Patriotic Front Rwanda 5199 National Front for the Liberation of Somalia 5200 indeterminate Somalian guerrillas 5201 Somali Liberation Front 5202 Somali Mohammed Siad Barre

5203 Somali National Movement 5204 Somali Salvation Democratic Front 5205 Aidid Rebels Somalia 5206 al-Ittihaad al-Islami The Islamic Union Somalia 5207 Somali Pirates 5208 al-Shabab group (Somalia) 5209 Hizbul Islam (Somalia)

5221 FLCS Somali Coast Liberation Front 5222 Popular Liberation Movement 5223 National Independence Union 5224 Djiboutian Arab Youth Movement 5300 indeterminate Ethiopian guerrilla group 5301 Ethiopian students 5302 Galla nationalists 5303 Tigre Peoples Liberation Front TPLF 5304 Ethiopian Democratic Popular Front 5305 Ethiopian People s Revolutionary Army 5306 Oromo Liberation Front 5307 Ogaden National Liberation Front Ethiopia 5311 ELF Eritrean Liberation Front 5312 ELF-GC ELF-General Command 5313 Popular Liberation Forces 5314 ELF-Revolutionary Council 5315 indeterminate Eritreans 5316 Benishangul People’s Liberation Movement (Eritrea) 5390 indeterminate Cabinda separatists 5391 FLEC Front for the Liberation of the Enc 5400 indeterminate Angolan guerrillas 5401 MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation 5402 UNITA National Union for the Total Indepe 5403 Catana Ardente - Burning Sword 5404 Cabinda Liberation Front Cabindan Armed Forces FLEC - FAC

5410 indeterminate Mozambique guerrillas 5411 COREMO Mozambique Revolutionary Council 5412 FRELIMO Mozambique Liberation Front 5413 NRM MNR RENAMO 5414 Quizumba-South African backed guerrillas 5415 Mozambican Secret Service - SNASP 5520 indeterminate Zimbabwe guerrillas 5521 indeterminate Rhodesian nationalists 5522 ZIPRAZAPU Zimbabwe African Peoples Uni 5523 ZANU Zimbabwe African National Union 5530 indeterminate Malawi agents 5600 indeterminate South African 5601 ANC African National Congress 5602 South African Agents 5603 Pan African Congress PAC 5604 Order of the Boer People - Orde Boereolk 5605 indeterminate Right wing guerrillas South Africa 5606 Anzanian National Liberation Army AZANLA Military wing of Black Conciousness Movement of Azania

5607 Pan Africanist Students Organization South Africa PASO 5608 Boere Aanvals Troepe South Africa 5609 Islamic State - South Africa 5651 SWAPO South West Africa Peoples Organiz 5701 LLA Lesotho Liberation Army 5911 Seychelles Resistance Movement 6001 Secret Islamic Youth Organization 6002 indeterminate Moroccans 6003 Darl al Islam House of Islam Western Front Morocco 6004 Assirat al-Moustaquim (the Righteous Path) - Morocco

6071 MPAIAC Canary Islands Independence Movement 6072 Canary Islands Intelligence Service 6091 POLISARIO Popular Front for the Liberati 6092 Mustafa el Wali Bayyid Sayed Internationa 6093 Saharan Peoples Liberation Army 6099 Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb 6099 Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (former Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat) - Algeria 6148 Al-Mulathameen, al-Mouwkoine Bi Dama (Those Who Sign With Blood. Battalion of Blood, the Masked Brigade – Algeria)

6149 Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat Algeria 6150 al-Dali group Algeria 6151 Soldier of the Algerian Opposition 6152 United Liberation Front of New Algeria 6153 Islamic Jihad of Shaykh Sadiq al-Mundhiri

6154 Algerian secret service 6155 The Organization for Combatting Tyrants 6156 Algerian Fundamentalists 6157 Islamic Armed Group Algeria GIA 6158 Algerian Islamic Salvation Army AIS 6159 GIA - General Command Algeria 6160 indeterminate Algerians 6161 Les Vivants 6162 Tunisian Revolutionary National Organization 6163 Tunisian Islamic Front dissident wing of the Nahda Renaissance Party Tunisia

6164 indeterminate Tunisians 6165 Jund al-Khilafah (Soldiers of the Caliphate) - breakaway from AQIM (Algeria)

6166 Islamic State Tunisia 6198 Brigades of the Imprisoned Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman (Libya – jihadi group)

6200 indeterminate Libyans 6201 Libyan Free Unionist Officers

6202 People of Omar 6203 Libyan dissidents 6204 Libyan Agents 6205 Green Brigades 6206 National Front for the Salvation of Libya 6207 Al Borkan Volcano Libyan Organization 6208 Arab Unionist Nationalist Organization 6209 Libyan Organization of 7 April 6210 Libyan Revolutionary Committee 6211 Revolutionaries Operating Room (Libya)

6211 Revolutionaries Operatio Room - Libya 6212 Shabab al-Tawhid (Youth of Oneness) Libya 6212 Shebab al-Tawhid (Youtj of Oneness) Libya

6213 Islamic State (Llibya) 6214 Defending Benghazi Brigade - Libyan jihadis 6247 Murle Tribe - South Sudan 6248 South Sudan Liberation Army - SSLA ( led by Peter Gadet) 6249 Ansar al-Tawhid - Companions of Monotheism Sudan 6250 indeterminate Sudanese guerrillas 6251 Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army SPLA 6252 Liberation Front for Southern Sudan 6253 Sudanese Socialist Popular Front 6254 Sudanese Students 6255 Takfir wa Hijah Sudan Neo Muslim fundamentalists 6256 South Sudan Independence Movement SSIM Sudan 6257 International Mollah Force Sudan 6258 Eagle of Return 6258 Janjaweed -Sudan

6259 Sudan Liberation Movement 6260 Justice and Equality Movement - Sudan

6261 Eagles of al-Bashir (Sudan) 6262 Nuer youth militia (South Sudan) 6297 indeterminate South Sudanese rebels. 6298 Iranian Exiles 6299 Iranian Revolutionary Organization for Li

6300 Islamic Jihad Cells Lebanon 6301 indeterminate Iranian guerrillas 6302 Iranian students 6303 IPS Peoples Strugglers Mujahiddin e Kha 6304 Reza Rezai International Brigades 6305 National Front Forces of Iran 6306 Islamic Jihad Organization 6307 Fedaye Islam

6308 Iranian Amal Movement 6309 Political Organization of the Arab People 6310 Arab Masses Movement Arab Peoples Moveme 6311 Movement of the Moslem Arab People Strugg 6312 Martyr Muhyi a-Din an-Nasir Operation 6313 Group of the Martyr 6314 Al-Nasir Mojahedin Group 6315 Arab Peoples Mujahiddin Combatants Movement

6316 Iranian National Liberation Movement-Red 6317 Revolutionary Islamic Organization 6318 Guards of Islam Guard Corps of Islam Group 6319 Forqan 6320 Azadegan Freedom Seekers Iranian monarc 6321 Peykar Muslim Protest 6322 Feda iye Khalq Mujaheddin e Khalq 6323 Mujahidin Peoples Fighters Organization 6324 Fedayen-e-Islam led by Ayatollah Sadegh 6325 Moslem Liberation Front 6326 Aref Boluki Dynamite Group 6327 Martyrs of the Islamic Revolution 6328 Iranian intelligence agents 6329 Islamic Revolutionary Movement 6330 Army for Irans National Liberation

6331 Hezbollah 6332 indeterminate Shiite Muslims 6333 Islamic Association of Students of the World

6334 Fedayeen of the imperial Iranian monarchy 6335 Martyrs of the Iranian Revolution 6336 Sons of Imam al-Hoseyn ibn Ali 6337 Iranian Revolutionary Guard 6338 Iranian Peoples Fedayin Guerrillas 6339 Guardians of the Islamic Revolution 6340 Soldiers of Khomeini

6341 Islamic Revolution Organization 6342 Iranian Fighters of Islamic Revolutionary Brigades 6383 Islamic State - Turkey 6343 Jaish al-Adl (Army of Justice) (Sunni extremist group – Iran) 6384 Pro Assad Marxist Organization (Turkey) 6385 Marxist-Leninist Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party (Devrimci Halk Kurtulus Cephesi DHKP-C) 6386 Vengeance Brigade - Iraq

6387 Falcons Brigade - Iraq 6388 Swords of Righteousness Brigade - Iraq 6389 Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades 6389 Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades

6390 Marxist Leninist Communist Party MLK-P Turkey 6391 Marxist Revolutionary Peoples Liberation Party Front 6392 The Brotherhood of Martyrs 6393 The Resistance Movement 6394 Imamis Soldiers Iran 6395 Revolutionary Peoples Liberation Army-Front Turkey 6396 Revolutionary Peoples Salvation Party Front Turkey 6397 The Western Thrace Islamists Islamistas Dhitikis Thrakis Turkey

6398 Grey Wolves 6399 The Turkish Peoples Liberation Party C Peoples Liberation Forces

6400 indeterminate Turkish guerrillas 6401 TPLA Turkish Peoples Liberation Army 6402 TPLF Turkish Peoples Liberation Front 6403 Yanikian Commandos 6404 Turkish Revolutionary Youth Federation 6405 indeterminate Armenian nationalists 6406 Mayir Cayan Suicide Group 6407 Marxist group 6408 Slave Kortin Yanikiyan Group 6409 JCAG Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide 6410 ASALA Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia 6411 New Armenian Resistance Group 6412 28 May Armenian Organization 6413 Acilciler The Swift Ones 6414 Marxist-Leninist Armed Propaganda Union 6415 Anti-Camp David Front 6416 Sons of the Land

6417 THKPC Turkish Peoples Liberation Party 6418 Commando of Avengers of Armenian Genocide

6419 Avril Noir 6420 Revolutionary Way Dev Yol 6421 Organization of October 3 3 October Arme 6422 Party of Kurdish Workers in Turkey 6423 Turkish Peoples Liberation Party Front W 6424 Commandos of Retribution for the Armenian 6425 Turkish Islamic Revolutionary Army 6426 Organization for the Liberation of Armenia 6427 Armenian June 9 Organization an ASALA wing 6428 Army for the Protection of Turkeys Inter 6429 Orly Group Orly Organization 6430 Dev Sol Revolutionary Left 6431 Armenian Red Army 6432 Turkish Revolutionaries 6433 Avengers of the Armenian Genocide 6434 Front for the Liberation of Armenia 6435 Armenian Revolutionary Army ARA 6436 Brigades for the Liberation of the Turkis 6437 Anti-Christian Turkish Liberation Front 6438 Pan-Turkish Organization 6439 Turkish Marxist Workers Party 6440 Indeterminate Turkist Separatists 6441 Great Eastern Islamic Conquering Front IBDA Turkey 6442 Islamic Jihad Turkey 6443 Turkish Leftists 6444 Mujaheddin Brigades Saraya al Mujaheddin (Iraq)

6444 Mujahideen Brigades Saraya al Mujaheddin Iraq 6445 Islamic Preaching Group Hezbul Dawah Al Islamiah 6446 Hawari Group Pro Iraqi Iraq 6447 Revolutionary Action Organization

6448 indeterminate Iraqi guerrillas 6449 Iraqi Agents 6450 Iraqi Communist Party 6451 Kurdish sympathizers 6452 Iraqi Baathists 6453 Free Iraq

6454 Mujahidin Iraqis Iraqi Mujahedeen Movement 6455 Iraqi Mujahidin Islam 6456 Al Dawa 6457 Martyr Araef Basri Commando 6458 Revolutionaries of Mohammed Baqir as-Sadr

6459 Iraqi Strugglers Movement 6460 Unified Kurdistan Socialist Party 6461 Army for the Liberation of Kurdistan 6462 Iraqi Liberation Army-General Command

6463 Iraqi Islamic Amal Organization 6464 Group of the Martyr Talid Shahim al- Alub

6465 KDP Kurdish Democratic Party 6466 Kurdish rebels 6467 Organization of Iraqi Islamic Action 6468 Patriot Union of Kurdistan PUK 6469 Organization of Iraqi Islamic Vengeance

6470 Al-Rafidayn - Vanguard of the Hezbollah 6471 Kurdistans Secret Revenge Movement 6472 PKK Kurdish People s Liberation Front 6473 National Union of Iraqi Kurdistan 6474 National Liberation Front of Kurdistan ERNK 6475 Halabjah Martyrs - Iraqi Kurds 6476 Kurdistan Peoples Liberation Army ARGK - Faction of PKK 6477 Kurdistan Workers Party KWP 6478 Kurdish Freedom Fighters - Teshmargia 6479 Kurdish Revolutionary Committees Movement 6480 Ansar al-Islam Iraq 6481 Ansar al-Din Iraq 6482 Green Brigades Iraq 6483 Kurdistan Liberation Hawks

6484 Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade (Syria) 6485 Kurdistan Freedom Falcons (TAK) 6493 Hizballah Brigades (Kataab Hizballah) – Iraq 6497 al-Nusra Front - Levant Conquest Front (Jaish al-Fatah) - Syria 6495 Syrian Kurdish Peoples Protection Units (YPG) 6498 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria 6499 Free Syrian Army Battalion Brigade 313-Special Missions 6500 Mujaheddin Shura Council of Jerusalem 6501 Ansar-al-Sunna 6502 Holy Warriors of Egypt - Mujaheddin of Egypt

6503 Islamic Pride Brigades - Egypt 6504 Gund Allah Soldiers of God Egypt 6505 Gamaat Egypt 6506 Vanguards of the Conquest Egypt Talai al Fath 6507 Sulayman Khatir Group 6508 Abdullah Azzam Brigades Al Qaeda in Syria & Iraq 6509 The Muslim Group al-Jamaa al klamiyah Islamic League of Those

6510 Al-Hilal Revolutionary Organization 6511 Egypt of Arabism Misr al-Urubah 6512 Takfir wa Hijra Repentant and Holy Flight 6513 Independent Organization for the Liberati 6514 Correct Course of Fatah Al-Kat as-Sahih

6515 indeterminate Egyptian guerrillas 6516 Egyptian Revolution 6517 Egyptian Liberation Organization 6518 El Aksa 6519 Revolution Group 6520 indeterminate Syrian guerrillas 6521 Muslim Brotherhood 6522 Arab Revolution Vanguards Organization 6523 Combatant Avant-Garde a Muslim Brotherhood 6524 Islamic Revolutionary Command

6525 Syrian Struggle Front 6526 Alawite intelligence service 6527 Al- Iqab punishment 6528 Harakat Sawaid Mesr (Hasm, the Arms Movement of Egypt)

6529 October 17 Movement for the Liberation 6530 Syrian agents 6531 Troops of the Revolutionaries and Resistance 6532 Peoples Mujaheddin 6533 Syrian Mujaheddin 6534 Escapees from Hama 6534 Free Syrian Army

6535 Islamic Army for the Liberation of Palestine 6536 Revolutionary Action Organization 6537 Martyr Lula Ilyas Aboud Group - Lebanon

6538 Lebanese National Progressive Front 6539 Organization for the Defense of Palestinian Strugglers 6540 Friends of Mayumi Hachiya 6541 Lebanese Liberation Organization 6542 Tanyas Shahin Armed Unit 6543 Al-Husayn Brigade 6544 Green Cells 6545 Islamic Jihad Against the Oppressors 6546 Partisans of God Supporters of God Alla 6547 Liberation Hawks Suqur al-Tahrir 6548 Lebanese Liberation Front 6549 Chosen of God Mukhtaru Allah 6550 Committee for Defense of Arab Prisoners 6551 Armed Revolutionary Front 6552 Strugglers for Freedom 6553 Revolutionary Brigades

6554 Unified Nasirite Organization 6555 Sunnite Islamic Resistance Movement 6556 Fedayeen Arab Cells 6557 Lebanese Islamic Army 6558 Arab Liberation Front Lebanon 6559 Black Palm Organization Black Hand Organ 6560 Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Brigade 6561 Independent Committee for the Liberation 6562 United Forces of Justice 6563 Call of Jesus Christ 6564 Continuous Revolution 6565 Organization of Moslem Martyrs

6566 Fedayeen Revolutionary Cells 6567 Armed Arab Brigades 6568 Islamic al-Husayn Organization 6569 National Revolutionary Command 6570 Organization of Revolutionary Justice ORJ 6571 Fighting Revolutionary Cells 6572 Black Banner Organizaton 6573 Group 219FA 6574 Ali Ayyab Group

6575 Al-Mukhtar Forces 6576 Islamic Siffin Organization 6577 3 March Organization 6578 Islamic Amal Movement 6579 Southern Lebanese Army SLA 6580 Amal Security Bureau 6581 Organization of the Oppressed on Earth 6582 Khaybar Brigade 6583 Black Brigade 6584 Islamic Unification Movement 6585 September 17 Organization 6586 Sharp Sword Organization 6587 Forces of the Islamic Dawn 6588 Islamic Liberation Organization 6589 Lebanese Front for National Resistance 6590 Black Lebanon Organization

6591 indeterminate followers of Musa as-Sadr 6592 Organization of Frances Friends in Lebananon 6593 Progressive Socialists Druze militia 6594 indeterminate Lebanese guerrillas 6595 Martyr Sa d Sayil Group

6596 Armed Struggle Organization 6597 Moslem Holy Warriors 6598 Free Naserite Revolutionaries 6599 Liberal Nasserite Organization 6600 Holy War Organization Al-Jihad al-Muqadd

6601 Lebanese Socialist Revolutionary Organization 6602 Lebanese Revolutionary Guard 6603 Lebanese Revolutionary Socialist Movement 6604 Revolutionary Arab Youth Organization 6605 Socialist Labor Party

6606 Lebanese leftists 6607 Phalange 6608 Sons of the South 6609 Lebanese Amal Shiite militia 6610 Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from 6611 Forces of Mojahedin 6612 Martyr Abu Ja far Group 6613 Arab National Organization 6614 Vanguards of Revolutionary Violence 6615 Eagles of the Revolution Nusur ath-Thawr 6616 Ali Nasir Group 6617 United Southern Front 6618 Lebanese Communist Party

6619 Front for the Liberation of Ahwaz 6620 Syrian Liberation Army

6621 The Pan Arab Action Organization Lebanon 6622 Lebanese Red Brigades 6623 Organization of Holy Struggle

6624 Imam Musa as-Sadr Brigades Imam as-Sadr 6625 Movement of Arab Revolutionary Brigades 6626 Revolutionary Lebanese Forces

6627 LARF Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction 6628 Al Aqsa Group 6629 Lebanese Cedar Force to Free Lebanon from

6630 indeterminate Jordanian 6631 Jordanian National Liberation Movement 6632 Jordanian intelligence organization 6633 Jordanian Free Officers Movement 6634 MOUAB Military and Revolutionary Committee 6635 The Islamic Martyrs 6636 Green Formation 6637 World Islamic Front for Liberation 6638 Revolutionary Arab Communist Party

6639 Western Emancipation Group 6640 Islamic Liberation Front 6641 Arab Revolutionary Communist Party 6642 Partisans of Sadam 6643 The Union of Communist Fighters

6644 Organization for the Defense of Detainee 6645 Revolutionary Justice Organization - RJO 6646 Prophet Muhammad s Army - Jihad Brigades 6647 Cell of Shaykh Muhammad Ya qub of Imam M 6648 31 Black August Organization Munazzamat 6648 Black August Organization Munazzamat 6649 Arab Revolutionary Platoons - Revolu

6649 The Arab Revolutionary Platoons - Revolu 6650 Shabab al-Nafir al Islami led by Shaykh Qirrish Jordan 6651 Palestine Revolutionary Movement

6652 Harkatal al Intilaqah al-Thawriyah Lebanon 6653 Harakat al-Madd al Thawri al-Arabi Arab Revolutionary Resurgence

6654 Kahana Hay Israel 6655 Rebels Movement Kach Israel 6656 The Arabs Eagles Nusur al-Arab Lebanon 6657 Black September-June Black September 6658 Hamas Islamic Resistance Movement Palestinian 6659 Al Tawhid Palestinian 6660 indeterminate Israelis 6661 Irgun Zevai Leumi

6662 Wrath of God 6663 Sons of Zion

6664 TNT Terror Against Terror 6665 Union of Galilee Christians 6666 Israeli agents 6667 Islamic Vengeance Organization 6668 Islamic Jihad Movement of Palestine 6669 Izz-al-Din al Qassam Battalions Squads of the New Disciples 6670 indeterminate ArabPalestinian guerrillas 6671 PFLP Popular Front for the Liberation of 6672 AOLP Action Organization for the Liberati 6673 Al Fatah 6674 BSO Black September 6675 Organization for the Victims of Zionist O

6676 Palestine Popular Struggle Front 6677 Nationalist Youth Group for the Liberatio 6678 National Organization of ArabYouth

6679 PFLP-GC PFLP-General Command 6680 Organization of Victims of Occupied Terri 6681 Organization of the Sons of Occupied Terr 6682 7th Suicide Squad

6683 Eagles of the Palestinian Revolution 6684 Punishment Squad Al Icab 6685 OANY ANYOLP Organization of Arab Nation 6686 PLO Palestine Liberation Organization 6687 Al Saiqa Thunderbolt 6688 DFLP Democratic Front for the Liberation 6689 PLA Palestine Liberation Army 6690 Palestinian students 6691 Palestine Revolutionary Forces 6692 Sons of the Occupied Land 6693 Commando Muhammed Boudia 6694 Arab Communist Organization 6695 Arab Liberation Front 6696 Group of the Fallen Abd al Kadir al Husay 6697 Arm of the Arab Revolution 6698 Palestine Rejection Front 6699 Abdel Nasser Movement 6700 Fatah Force 17 6701 Union of the Peoples of the Arabian Peninsula

6702 Palestinian Resistance Jafa Squad Palestine 6703 Battalions of Faith Kataib al-iman Saudi Arabia 6704 Saudi Hizballah 6705 Movement for Islamic Change - The Jihad Wing Saudi Arabia 6706 Usama Bin Ladin al-Qaida The World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders - Islamic Army for the Liberation of the Holy Sites 6707 11-9 the Second (Jordan) 6707 al-Qaeda affiliate (various nationalities)

6707 al-Qaeda affiliate various nationalities 6708 al-Qaeda Iraq (Mesopotamia)

6708 al-Qaedain Iraq (Mesopotamia) 6709 Palestinian Islamic Army (Al-Qaeda affiliate) 6710 Voice of the Palestinian Revolution 6711 15 May Arab Organization 6712 Fatah-Revolutionary Council Abu Nidal Gr 6713 Al Asifah headed by Abu Nidal 6714 Black June headed by Abu Nidal 6715 Arab Revolutionary Army Palestinian Comma 6716 Organization of the Sons of Southern Leba 6717 Organization of the Sons of Palestine 6718 Rejection Front of Stateless Palestinian

6719 PFLP-Special Operations 6720 ARA Arab Revolutionary Army 6721 Arab People Ash-Shab al- Arabi 6722 Black March Organization

6723 Organization of Avenging Palestinian Youth 6724 Organization of the Standard Bearers of Islam

6725 Group for Martyred Isam as-Sartawi 6726 Movement for Rebuilding Fatah 6727 Islamic Revolutionary Guard 6728 Revolutionary Organization of Socialist 6729 Martyrs of Tal Za tar Organization 6730 indeterminate Abu Nidal guerrillas 6731 Liberation of Palestine 6732 Secret Army for the Liberation of Palestine 6733 Arab Revolutionary Cells 6734 Arab Revolutionary Front 6735 PLF Palestine Liberation Front 6736 International Revolutionary Organization 6737 Baath Resurrection Cells

6738 Eagles for the Liberation of Palestine 6739 Islamic Resistance Front 6740 Martyrs of Palestine Abu Nida group 6741 International Anti-Imperialist Front 6742 Anti-Imperialist International Brigades 6743 Abu Musa Organization 6744 Arab Combatants 6745 Organization of Islamic Justice 6746 12 June Movement

6747 Tigers of the Gulf Saudi Arabia 6748 The Movement for the Struggle of the Jordanian Islamic Resistance

6749 Ahmed al Daqamisah Group Holy Warriors of Ahmed Daqamisah 6750 Union of Imams Jordan - al Qaeda 6751 Organization of the Defense of the Lebanese People 6752 Direct Revolutionary Action for the Liberation of Palestine 6753 Islamic Jihad in Jihaz 6754 Suicide Forces of Barbarossa 6755 Organization of Socialist Revolution - Lebanon 6756 Palestinian Liberation Movement 6757 The Islamic Jihad Brigades for the Liberation of Palestine 6758 Muhammad Hassan Unit of the Shaykh Subhi al-Salih Forces 6759 Armed Struggle Cells - Lebanon 6760 March 14 Organization - Lebanon 6761 Organization of the Strugglers of Islam 6763 Islamic Jihad Movement - Bayt al-Maqdis - Lebanon 6764 Islamic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 6765 Mustafa Abdel-Qader Abed Ansari (Saudi Arabia)

6766 Abu Musab - al Zarqawi - Jordan - Al Qaeda 6766 Abu Musab - al Zarqawi (Jordan - Al Qaeda) 6767 Arabian Peninsula’s Fallujah Brigade - al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 6768 The Arab Resistance Group - al-Rashid Brigades (Iraq)

6769 Jamaat al-Tawhid and Jihad 6770 Ansar-al-Sunna Army - Islamic Retaliation Movement

6771 Monotheism and Jihad Group - Iraq 6772 The Islamic Army of Iraq - Khalid bin al-Waleed Brigade 6773 Hoister of the Black Flags (Iraq) 6774 The Lions of Allah Brigade (Iraq)

6775 Death Squad of the Iraqi Resistance 6776 Martyrs Brigade - Iraq 6777 Ansar-al-Islam - Iraq 6778 Islamic Resistance Brigades 6779 Salafist Brigades of Abu Bakr al Siddiq (Iraq)

6780 al-Hada Yemeni Tribe 6781 indeterminate Yemeni Tribesmen 6782 al-Jawf Yemen Tribe 6783 Jahm Tribe Yemen 6784 Bakil Tribe Yemen 6785 Khalulran Khulan Tribe Yemen 6786 Ahnum Tribe Yemen 6787 Al-Aslam Tribe Yemen 6788 Toaiman Yemini Tribe 6789 Murad Tribesmen Yemen 6790 Wadi al Dabaat Yemeni Tribe 6791 Bani Dabian Tribe Yemen 6792 Al-Shaif Tribe Yemen 6793 al-Shamian Tribe Yemen 6794 Fehaid Tribe Yemen 6795 Khawlan Tribe Yemen 6796 al-Abdullah bin Dahha Tribe Yemen

6796 National Islamic Resistance - 1920 Revolution Brigades - Ira 6797 Zaydi Tribe Yemen 6798 Sharda Tribe (Yemen) 6799 Islamic Jihad Yemen

6800 indeterminate Yemeni resistance 6801 Eagles of National Unity 6802 Al Qaeda Yemen (AQAP) 6802 Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Yemen 6803 Army of Believers - the al-Qaeda Branch in the Land of Palestine

6804 Imad Mughniyeh - Palestine 6805 Egypian Jihad

6805 Egyptian Jihad 6806 Jihad al-Yemen Brigade

6807 Houthi Shi'ite rebels (Yemen) 6808 Abu Deyanah al-Kharasari Brigade

6808 Abu Dujanah al-Khorasani Brigade 6809 Armed Obeyid Marib Tribe - Yemen 6810 The Supporters of the Holy Places (Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, Partisans of Jerusalem)

6811 Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades (Armed Wing of PFLP) 6815 Islamiic State -Yemen 6840 Ansar al-Islam - Turkey 6841 The Armed Forces of the Poor and the Oppressed - FESK

6901 Group of Martyr Salah al-Bitar of the Ara 6902 Prophet Muhammads Forces in Kuwait-Revol 6903 Organization for the Liberation of Muslim 6904 indeterminate Kuwaitis 6905 al-Qaeda (Kuwait) 6905 al-Qaeda Kuwait

6920 Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain 6921 Shiite Muslim Activists Bahrain 6922 Indeterminate Bahrainis 6961 Peoples Liberation Army of Oman 6971 Islamic Front Against Heretics 6987 Hijaz Province of the Islamic State (Saudi Arabia)

6988 indeterminate Saudis 6989 Sudan People's Liberation Movement - North 6990 Islamic Movement of Victory of Martyrs, Cyprus Branch 6991 al Jameah of International Justice 6992 Students of Musa Abu Marzuq Palestinian 6993 Islamic Renewal Group led by Abu Ashraf who split from 6994 Likah Asept al-Islamiya Islamic Saturday Meeting Group - breakaway

6995 The Basics of the Islam Palestinian 6996 Jordanian Resistance Jordan 6997 Ansare Hizballah Iran led by Hossein Allah Karam 6998 Dotsam-Karmal-Gdboddin Militia Afghanistan 6999 Mullah Salam belongs to Ittahad-i-Islamif of Sayyaf Afghanistan

7000 indeterminate Afghan mujahadeen guerrillas 7001 Peoples Mojahedin of Afghanistan 7002 Islamic Alliance for the Liberation of Afghanistan

7003 Islamic Society of Afghanistan 7004 Hezb-e Eslami (Hizb-i-Islami) led by Yunus Khalis

7005 Jami at-e Eslami 7006 Harakat-e Enqelabe Islami 7007 Afghan National Liberation Front 7008 Islamic Movement of Afghanistan 7009 KHAD Afghan secret service 7010 Taleban Militia Afghanistan 7011 Millat-i-Qadian Afghanistan 7012 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Hizb-i-Islamic Faction - Afghan Warlord 7012 indeterminate Afghanis

7013 Jaish - e- Muslimeen - Army of Muslims Afghanistan 7014 Afghan Revolutionary Front 7016 Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (Afghanistan) 7017 Islamic State (ISIS) (Afghanistan) 7101 Anti-Government Chinese 7102 Eastern Turkestan Islamic Movement 7102 Eastern Turkestan Islamic Movement (China) 7103 Chinese Uighur militants

7131 World United Formosans for Independence 7132 Taiwanese Independence Movement 7311 North Korean agents 7321 Anti-US Suicide Action Squad 7322 Nagai-Gumu Gang

7323 indeterminate South Koreans 7324 Chamintu 7325 Minmintu

7327 Anit-US Youth Group - South Korea 7328 Patriotic Youth Commando - South Korea 7329 Mudungsan Death-Defying Corps - South Korea 7331 The Organization of The Eagles of Asia - South Korea 7333 National Salvation Death Band of Students 7334 South Korean Students 7335 Anti-US Patriotic Death Squad - South Korea 7400 indeterminate Japanese extremists 7401 JRA JURA Japanese Red Army Rengo Sekig 7402 Asia Corps 7403 Kansai Regional Revolutionary Army 7405 Kyukoku Reidan 7406 Chukaku-ha Middle Core Revolutionary Army 7407 Okinawa Liberation League 7408 Black Flag 7409 Senki faction of Kyosando 7410 Kakurokyo Revolutionary Workers Japanese Leftists 7411 Hotaru - Japanese rightist group

7412 Sekihotai 7413 Taikosha

7500 indeterminate Indian guerrillas 7501 indeterminate Kashmiri nationalists 7502 Dal Khalsa Sikhs calling for Khalistan i 7503 Free India Army Free India Party 7504 Ananda Marg 7505 Kashmir Liberation Army 7506 Universal Proutish Revolutionary Front 7507 indeterminate Sikh extremists 7508 Kashmir National Liberation Front 7509 All India Sikh Student Federation AISSF 7510 Jarnail Khalsa 7511 Saffron Tigers 7512 Divine Wheel 7513 Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front 7514 Moslem Janbaz Force MJF Moslem Kashmir 7515 Pasdaran-i-Inquilabe-Islam 7516 The United Assam Liberation Front - Unit 7517 Liberation Tigers of Khalistan - LTFK 7518 Punjab Extremists 7519 Muslim Yaqub Momen India 7520 Harkat-ul-Ansar Movement of Friends - Muslim group India 7521 Isasmi Harkat-ul- Mominen Kashmir Nationals India 7522 Khalistan Liberation Force India

7523 Al-Faran Jungle Warriors - Kashmiri Muslim Group India 7524 Indian Marxists 7525 Indiana mujahadeen 7565 Bangladeshi Muslims

7565 indeterminate Bangladeshi Muslims 7651 Bangladesh students 7652 Pro-Mujib Force led by Kader Sidiqui 7653 JDS National Socialist Party 7654 Harakat-ul-Jihad Islami HUJI Bangladesh 7655 Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen (Bangladesh) 7657 Ansar Bangla 7 7658 Islamic State Bangladesh 7699 Baluchistan National Army - Pakistan 7700 indeterminate Pakistani 7701 Al Zulfiqar 7702 exiled Pakistan People’s Party 7703 Ali Bhutto movement 7704 Al Hadid-Kashmir Muslim Fundamentalists Pakistan 7705 Guardians of the Friends of the Prophet Pakistan 7706 Anjuman Sipahe Sahaba - ASS 7707 Islamic Movement Iranian Sunni Muslims Pakistan 7708 Sunni Muslim Warriors of Jhangvi Pakistan 7709 Pathan Tribe Pakistan 7710 Harkat Ansar Pakistan 7711 Jumat-ul-Ulema 7712 Harakat ul-Mujhadeen 7713 Laskar-i-taiba Pakistan 7714 Al Madina group Pakistan

7715 Jaish-i-Muhammad 7716 Lashkar-i-Jhangvi 7717 indeterminate Islamic militants - Pakistan 7718 Islamic Jihad Union - Pakistan 7719 Tablighi Jamaat - Pakistan 7720 al Qaeda Pakistan 7720 al-Qaeda Pakistan 7721 Tehrij-e-Taliban Pakistan

7722 The Baluchistan Liberation United Front (Pakistan) 7723 Punjabi Taleban (splinter of Lashkar-e- Jhangvi) (Pakistan) 7724 Asian Tigers (Pakistani Taleban) 7725 Taleban - Pakistan 7726 Jamaat-ud-Dawa (former Laskar-i-taiba)

7727 Haqqani Group - Pakistan, affiliated with Pakistani Taleban 7728 Jundul Hafsa (Taleban, Pakistan)

7729 Islamic State Pakistan 7730 Baloch Raji Aajoi Sangar (separatist group Pakistan). 7750 indeterminate Burmese 7751 Shan tribesmen 7752 Kachin Independence Army 7753 Karen 7754 Burmese Students 7755 The Justice and Liberation Warriors 7756 Karen National Union KNU Tenth Battalion Burma 7757 Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors 7758 Gods Army Karen Rebels - Myanmar 7759 Student Activists - Myanmar 7760 Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) 7800 indeterminate Sri Lankan rebels 7801 Tamil Liberation Tigers 7802 People s Liberation Army 7803 Tamil terrorists 7804 LTTE Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam 7805 TEA Tamil Eelam Army

7806 EROS Eelam Revolutionary Organization of 7807 Sinhalese Peoples Liberation Front 7808 National Thowheed Jamaath (National Monotheisnm Organization) (Islamic State – Sri Lanka 7810 indeterminate Maldivians 7901 Samyukt Mukti Bahini United Liberation 7902 Leftist Extremists NEPAL 8000 indeterminate Thai communists 8001 Pattani Liberation Front 8002 PULO Pattani United Liberation Organization

8003 New Thai Leftist Front 8004 indeterminate Thai guerrillas 8005 indeterminate Shiite moslems 8006 Khun Sa armed forces 8007 indeterminate Islamic insurgents (Thailand) 8111 Kampuchean guerrillas 8112 National Army of Democratic Kampuchea 8113 Khmer Rouge 8114 indeterminate Cambodians 8115 Cambodian Freedom Fighters CFF US - Cambodia 8121 anticommunist Laotian guerrillas 8122 Laotian Resistance - right wing - Laos 8200 Indeterminate Malaysians

8200 indterminate Malaysians 8201 Malay-Arab group 8202 International Muslim Brotherhood Organization 8400 indeterminate Communist Rebels Philippines 8401 Kabataang Makabayan 8402 April 6 Liberation Movement 8403 Light a Fire Movement 8404 Filipino Students 8405 indeterminate Moslem rebels - Philippines 8406 MNLF Moro National Liberation Front 8407 NPA New People’s Army 8408 Filipino dissidents 8409 Indeterminate Anti-Marcos guerrillas 8410 Civilian Home Defense Forces CHDF 8411 Mindanao Independence Movement 8412 NDF National Democratic Front 8413 Jihad Brigade 8414 RAM Reform of the Armed Forces Movement 8415 Indeterminate Marcos backers 8416 MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front 8417 Angels 8418 Red Scorpion Group Philippines 8419 Abu Sayyaf Group Muslim fundamentalists Philippines 8420 Alex Boncayao Brigade breakaway of CPPNPA Philippines 8421 Young Officers Movement - YOU - Philippines 8422 Indeterminate Filipinos 8423 Ansar al-Khilafa - Philippines

8500 Jemmah Islamiyah Indonesia 8501 indeterminate Amboinese-South Moluccan 8502 Indonesian Islamic Revolution Board 8503 Front for the Liberation of Aceh--Sumatra 8504 Darul Islam Holy War Command 8505 Irian Jaya OPM 8506 White Rose Movement 8507 Security Disturbance Movement GPK Indonesia 8508 indeterminate anti-independence group Indonesia East Timor

8509 Besi Marah Puti Militia Indonesia 8510 Free Aceh Movement 8511 indeterminate Indonesians 8512 LASKAR Jundullah Militia al Qaeda - Indonesia (al-Qaeda)

8513 Harakah Sunnu for Indonesian Society (HASMI) 8514 Islamic State - Indonesia 8521 indeterminate Moluccan terrorists 9001 Australian socialist youth group 9002 Pacific Popular Front Australia 9101 Secessionist Rebels Papua New Guinea 9102 Organization of Free Papua OPM Papua New Guinea 9301 Kanaka Liberation Front Palika military 9302 Kanak Socialist Liberation Front FLNKS New Caledonia 9400 indeterminate Solomon Islands rebels 9501 Fiji for Fijians 9998 irrelevant inapplicable

9999 UNKNOWN

12. Second group initiating action

Values:

(Same as Variable 11)

13. Number of terrorist groups directly involved

Terrorists who are considered victims of attacks by other terrorist groups are not considered initiators for purposes of this entry, and are not included in the tally.

Values:

1 1 group . . 8 8 groups 9 Unknown

14. Number of terrorists in attack force

The tally includes only those individuals who were publicly involved in the incident. Support staff who remained underground during the initiation of the incident are not counted. In cases of kidnapping, where a rotating staff of guards were employed who were not involved in the actual seizure of the victim, only the seizing individuals are tallied. Terrorists who are considered victims of attacks by other terrorist groups are not considered initiators for this variable, and are not tallied. Terrorists who released from prison was demanded and who join the initiating group during the incident are not considered initiators, and are not tallied.

Values:

01 1 individual . . 89 89 individuals 90 90 and above 99 Unknown

15. Number of female terrorists in attack force

Values:

00 no female terrorists participated . . 97 97 women were involved 98 Unknown, but there were some women involved 99 Unknown if any women were involved

16. Number of nationalities of terrorists in attack force

Unknown planners of the action who remain underground during perpetration of the incident are not included. The nationality, rather than the base of operations of the terrorist group, is counted.

Values:

1 1 nationality . . 8 8 nationalities 9 Unknown

17. First nationality of terrorists in attack force

When a source refers only to the name of a domestic terrorist group, the perpetrators are assumed to have the nationality of the host nation. Perpetrators of telephoned threats are assumed to have only one nationality, although it may not be known.

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4)

18. Second nationality of terrorists in attack force

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4)

19. Third nationality of terrorists in attack force

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4)

20. Recidivists in attack force

This variable records the number of terrorists in the attack force who are known to have participated in other terrorist attacks.

Values:

00 None are known to have been a past participant 01 1 participated in a previous terrorist attack . . 97 97 have previously been in terrorist attacks 98 Number unknown, but some participated in other attacks 99 Unknown

Victim Characteristics

21. Number of victims

Victims are those who are directly affected by the terrorist incident by the loss of property, lives, or liberty. This variable records the number of individuals directly and physically victimized in the attack.

Values:

000-997 Actual number of victims 998 Unknown, but some victims 999 Unknown if any individuals were victimized

22. Number of nationalities of victims

International organizations are considered to have a distinct international personality, and are considered to be one nationality (rather than have 160+ nationalities, as would be the case for universal groupings). Values:

01 1 nationality . . 98 98 nationalities 99 Unknown

23. First victim's nationality

Victims are those individuals who are directly harmed by the terrorist incident. While a given terrorist action may have deleterious effects upon world stability, citizens of a nation must feel a more direct loss than the diminishing of a collective good. Values:

(same as used in Variable 4)

24. Second victim's nationality

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4)

25. Third victim's nationality

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4)

26. Number of United States victims

Values:

000-997 Actual number of American individuals victimized 998 Number unknown, but some Americans were victimized 999 Unknown if any Americans were victimized

27. Type of United States victim

Bombings of subsidiaries of US corporations are considered to affect United States interests sufficiently to be coded 4.

Values:

1 Diplomatic 2 Military 3 Other United States government 4 Commercial, business 5 Other nonofficial, including tourist, missionary, student 8 Irrelevant, no United States victimization 9 Unknown, indeterminate

28. Type of immediate victim

The host government is the nation in which the action begins. All other nations are considered to be foreign countries. The bombing of an office of a corporation is considered to be psychological, and directed at that corporation's officials, and is coded as 5.

Values:

1 Host government officials 2 Foreign diplomats or official nonmilitary 3 Host government military 4 Foreign military 5 Corporation officials 6 Prominent opinion leaders 7 Private parties, including tourists, missionaries, students 8 Suspected terrorists 9 Indeterminate

29. Nature of victim entities

Skyjackings negatively affect both property and people, and are coded as 3. Bombings of facilities which injure people are coded 3. The bombing of a facility with no casualties is coded as an attack on the installation only.

Values:

1 People 2 Installations, property 3 Both 9 Unknown

Life and Property Losses

30. Total individuals wounded Wounded include those who are reported to have been sufficiently harmed physically to have required medical attention. No distinction is made between those who are out-patients and those who are rescued from the critical list. Those who later die from their injuries are coded as killed, rather than wounded.

Values:

000 None injured . . 998 998 999 Unknown, but individuals were injured

31. Terrorists wounded

Individuals who are nominally members of terrorist groups who were attacked by the initiators of the incident are not included in the tally.

Values:

00 None injured . . 98 98 injured 99 Unknown, but some terrorists were wounded

32. Foreign wounded

Only non-host country victims are tallied herein. Domestic victims wounded can be calculated by subtracting this variable and terrorists wounded from the total number of individuals wounded.

Values:

000 None injured . . 998 998 injured 999 Unknown, but individuals were wounded

33. United States wounded

Values:

000 No American citizens were wounded 001 1 American citizen was wounded . . 997 997 Americans were wounded 998 Unknown number, but some Americans were wounded 999 unknown if any Americans were wounded

34. Government officials wounded

Figure includes negotiators, police, and military.

Values:

000-997 Actual number wounded 998 Unknown number, but some were wounded 999 Unknown if any were wounded 35. Total number of individuals killed

Values:

000 None killed . . 998 998 999 Unknown, but individuals were killed

36. Terrorists killed

Individuals who are nominally members of terrorist groups who were attacked by the initiators of the incident are not included in the tally.

Values:

00 None killed . . 98 98 killed 99 Unknown, but some terrorists were killed

37. Foreign killed

Only non-host country victims are tallied herein. Domestic victims killed can be calculated by subtracting this variable and terrorists killed from the total number of individuals killed.

Values:

000 None killed . . 998 998 killed 999 Unknown, but individuals were killed

38. United States killed

Values:

000 No American citizens were killed 001 1 American citizen was killed . . 997 997 Americans were killed 998 Unknown number, but some Americans were killed 999 Unknown if any Americans were killed

39. Government Officials Killed

Figure includes negotiators, police, and military.

Values:

000-997 Actual number killed 998 Unknown number, but some were killed 999 Unknown if any were killed

40. Amount of damage

The smallest applicable value is used. Values:

0 None 1 Slight - less than or equal to $10,000 2 Moderate - less than or equal to $100,000 3 High - less than or equal to $1 million 4 Severe - more than $1 million 9 Unknown, but damage reported

41. Type of weapon used The most destructive weapon of all of those known to be in the possession of the perpetrators at the scene of the incident is noted.

Values:

1 Hoax, no weapons used 2 Non-explosive, non-projectile weapons, including knives 3 Handguns 4 Rifles, shotguns, or machine guns 5 Explosives, incendiaries 6 Missiles, other heavy projectiles 7 Other 8 Chemical/Biological 9 Unknown 10 Motor vehicle

Success/Failure

42. Terrorist logistical success

Values: 0 Aborted by terrorists before initiation 1 Incident stopped by authorities at planning stage 2 Incident stopped by authorities at scene or on the way to scene, before initiation 3 Aborted by terrorists during event 4 Unsuccessful owing to faults or error by terrorists 5 Stopped by authorities at the scene after initiation 6 Apparently completed as planned 9 Unknown DESCRIPTION OF FATE FILE VARIABLES

The FATE list describes the disposition, when known, of the perpetrators of incidents noted in the COMMON file after the incident. The disposition of non-terrorist hijackers in the SKYJACK file is not included. The FATE list includes only those incidents in which the fate of at least one of the perpetrators was other than "escaped at the scene of the incident."

Fate of Terrorists

1. Incident code/date

Values:

(The 8-digit number will be same as that used for incident date/code in its COMMON file entry.)

2. First fate of terrorists

Four possible fates of the terrorist perpetrators, as well as ancillary participants in the incident, may be included. Shootouts may be initiated by the perpetrators or by authorities. If the individual was killed resisting arrest, he will also be coded as dead via shootout. Codes 04 and 09 refer solely to the length of the sentence, rather than the portion served. None of these entries are subsets of previous entries. The Bangkok Solution refers to the agreement made by the 4 Black Septembrists who took over the Israeli Embassy in Bangkok on December 28, 1972, and Thai officials which allowed the terrorists safe passage from the scene in return for the release of their hostages and dropping of their other demands. This solution has subsequently been used successfully as a precedent for other negotiations.

Values:

01 Dead in shootout with police 02 Dead due to suicide at scene 03 Dead via the death penalty 04 Long jail term (greater than 5 years) 05 Long jail term, subject of demands in subsequent incident 06 Long jail term, freed due to demands in subsequent incident 07 Short jail term (5 years or less) 08 Short jail term, subject of demands in subsequent incident 09 Short jail term, freed due to demands in subsequent incident 10 Freed by court verdict 11 Escaped captors en route to prison or in prison 12 Freed via "Bangkok Solution" 13 Arrested, not brought to trial, freed by other than court verdict, escape, or demands in other incident 14 Escaped at scene of incident 15 Arrested, indeterminate treatment of case 16 Jailed, released (other than due to demands) before finishing term 17 Arrested in subsequent incident 18 Granted asylum 19 Received death penalty, sentence altered 20 Committed suicide in later confrontation 21 Sentenced to indeterminate term 22 Sentenced in absentia 23 Died at scene due to accident 24 Released due to turning state's evidence 25 Sentenced to death, execution of sentence indeterminate 26 Committed suicide in prison 27 Killed attempting prison escape 28 Committed to mental institution 29 Died in subsequent incident 98 Irrelevant, not applicable 99 Unknown, indeterminate

3. Number of terrorists receiving first fate

Values:

01-97 Actual number 98 Irrelevant, not applicable 99 Unknown, indeterminate

4. Second fate of terrorists

Values:

(same coding as Variable 2)

5. Number of terrorists receiving second fate

Values:

01-97 Actual number 98 Irrelevant, not applicable 99 Unknown, indeterminate 6. Third fate of terrorists

Values:

(same coding as Variable 2)

7. Number of terrorists receiving third fate

Values:

01-97 Actual number 98 Irrelevant, not applicable 99 Unknown, indeterminate

8. Fourth fate of terrorists

Values:

(same coding as Variable 2)

9. Number of terrorists receiving fourth fate

Values:

01-97 Actual number 98 Irrelevant, not applicable 99 Unknown, indeterminate

10. Total number of terrorists arrested

Individuals need not have been in the attack force to be included in this tally.

00-97 Actual number 98 Irrelevant 99 Unknown

Extradition

11. Was extradition requested

A formal extradition treaty need not exist for a state to attempt to obtain extradition of any accused terrorists. Values:

1 Request was made 2 Request was not made 8 Irrelevant, circumstances of case were such that request could not be made 9 Unknown

12. Nation requesting extradition

Only one nation requesting extradition can be entered. Cases of multiple extradition requests are rare, and are noted in the chronology.

Values:

(same as found in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

13. Identity of nation receiving extradition request

Values:

(same as found in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

14. Was extradition request granted

1 Yes 2 No 8 Irrelevant, extradition request was not made 9 Unknown

DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES IN HOSTAGE FILE

The HOSTAGE file lists characteristics peculiar to incidents involving the taking of hostages, skyjackings, kidnappings, and takeovers of non-aerial means of transportation. Incidents which would have been hostage situations are included, although hostages may have all died and/or escaped at the initial scene of the attack. The non-terrorist hijackings included in the SKYJACK file are not included.

Target of Terrorist Demands

1. Incident code/date

Values:

(The 8-digit number will be same as that used for incident date/code in its COMMON file entry.)

2. Number of hostages

Individuals who successfully escape their captors-to-be at the beginning of an attack are considered to have never been captured, and an entry of 000 appears. Those who escape after having been captured, or who are released during negotiations by their captors, are considered to have been hostages for part of the time, and are included in the tally. All passengers and crew members, save the initiating terrorists, in a skyjacking are considered hostages. Terrorists in a barricade and hostage situation, although unable to freely come and go, are not considered hostages. Terrorists whose release from prison was demanded, and who join the initiating group during the incident voluntarily are not considered to be hostages, and are not included in the tally.

Values:

000-998 Actual number of hostages 999 Unknown, indeterminate, although it is known that hostages were taken

3. Number of hostages that escaped during the incident after being secured by terrorists

Values:

000-997 Actual number 998 Unknown, but some known to have escaped 999 Unknown

4. Target of Demands 1 This variable includes governments and other entities (corporations, private individuals, and even other terrorist groups). Whenever a specific entity was called upon to perform a specific task, whether it be to fly a plane to a new destination, pay a ransom, or release prisoners, an entity is coded.

Values (In addition to country codes used in Variable 4 of the COMMON file, the following entity codes are used.):

007 Business, corporation 008 Family 009 Other organization 012 Individual, e.g. pilot 013 Newspaper

5. Target of Demands 2

Values:

(same as Variable 4 above)

6. Target of Demands 3

Values:

(same as Variable 4 above)

7. Number of governments/entities upon whom demands were made

This variable includes governments and other entities (corporations, private individuals, and even other terrorist groups). Whenever a specific entity was called upon to perform a specific task, whether it be to fly a plane to a new destination, pay a ransom, or release prisoners, an entity is coded.

Values:

0-7 Actual number 8 Irrelevant, demands were not made 9 Unknown, but demands were placed upon some entities

8. Were demands made upon host nation

The host nation is considered to be the location in which the incident began.

1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown

Negotiation Behavior

9. Demand #1: Media announcement

Values:

0 Terrorists did not demand media coverage 1 Newspaper statement 2 Radio statement 3 Television statement 4 Circulate propaganda statement, medium unspecified 5 Unknown as to exact type of medium 6 Mix of above 9 Unknown

10. Demand #2: Political change

Values:

1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown

11. Demand #3: Non-Robin Hood ransom

A Robin Hood ransom is a philanthropic demand--the terrorist group does not directly receive the money or other item of value demanded. Herein, only the group's organization coffers receive the proceeds.

Values:

0000-9996 Actual amount in $10,000 intervals 9997 Amount greater than $99,960,000 9998 Unknown, but some ransom was demanded 9999 Unknown if any ransom was demanded

12. Demand #4: Robin Hood ransom

A Robin Hood ransom is a philanthropic demand--the terrorist group does not directly receive the money or other item of value demanded. The group may specify the beneficiary. Values:

0000-9996 Actual amount in $10,000 intervals 9997 Amount greater than $99,960,000 9998 Unknown, but some ransom was demanded 9999 Unknown if any ransom was demanded

13. Demand #5: Release prisoners

Values:

001-996 Actual number whose release was demanded 997 More than 996 998 Unknown, but some asked for 999 Unknown

14. Demand #6: Safe haven for a destination

Values:

1 Yes, demand was made 2 No, demand was not made 9 Unknown

15. Demand #7: Safe passage out of the location

Values:

1 Yes, demand was made 2 No, demand was not made 9 Unknown

16. Demand #8: Other demands

These demands do not include those items previously mentioned, as well as ransom payments or "creature comforts" during incidents, such as food, drink, blankets, and medicines for perpetrators and hostages.

Values:

1 Yes, demand was made 2 No, demand was not made 9 Unknown

17. Terrorist behavior in negotiations

Values: 1 Lessened one or more demands without increasing any 2 No changes in demands by terrorists 3 Replaced demands with others 4 Increased one or more demands without decreasing any 5 Mixed behavior - i.e. increased one or more while decreasing one or more 8 Irrelevant, negotiations were not conducted 9 Unknown

18. Allowed sequential release of hostages

Values:

0-7 Actual number of times hostages released 8 Unknown, but some sequential release of hostages 9 Unknown

19. Allowed deadline to pass without engaging in action threatened

Values:

0-6 Actual number of deadlines allowed to pass 7 None, demandees conceded before deadline 8 Unknown, but at least one deadline set and allowed to pass 9 Irrelevant, no deadlines set

20. Number of deadlines where the threat was carried out

Values:

0-6 Actual number of deadlines following which terrorists followed through 7 None, demandees conceded before deadline 8 Unknown, but at least one deadline set and was followed by threatened behavior 9 Irrelevant, no deadlines set

Results of Negotiations 21. Terrorist negotiation success

Values:

1 Received some of their demands 2 Received all of their demands 3 Received none of their demands 8 Irrelevant, no demands made 9 Unknown

22. Type of target negotiator

This variable refers to the identity of the individuals who conducted the negotiations with the terrorists in response to their demands. In cases where codings of 1, 2 and/or 3 may be applicable to the same individual, the lowest numerical value should be used. Category 6 includes clergymen, individuals with a great public following, newsmen, nongovernmental leaders, and even nominal terrorist groups who put pressure on the initiators to alter their behavior during the incident.

Values:

1 Host government official, including police 2 Victim government official 3 Foreign government official 4 Corporate official 5 Private parties, including family 6 Prominent opinion leader 7 Other 8 Irrelevant, negotiations were not established 9 Unknown, indeterminate

23. Number of target negotiators

Values:

1-7 Actual number 8 Irrelevant 9 Unknown, indeterminate

24. Response of target

The Bangkok Solution refers to the agreement made by the four Black Septembrists who took over the Israeli Embassy in Bangkok on December 28, 1972, and Thai officials which allowed the terrorists safe passage from the scene in return for release of their hostages and the dropping of their other demands. This outcome has subsequently been used successfully as a precedent for other negotiation situations.

Values:

1 Capitulation 2 Stalling, with compromise on demands 3 Bangkok solution 4 No compromise, no shootout with the perpetrators 5 Shootout with the terrorists 6 Government doublecross 7 Massive nationwide search for terrorists, with no compromise or capitulation by government regarding terrorist demands 8 Irrelevant, negotiations were not established, no demands made, no direct confrontation engaged 9 Unknown, indeterminate

25. Amount of ransom paid

Include both types (Robin Hood and non-philanthropic) of ransom paid.

Values:

0000-9997 Actual amount in increments of $10,000 9998 Unknown, but some ransom paid 9999 Unknown

26. Source of ransom payment

Values:

1 Government 2 Corporate 3 Family 4 Other, including public collections, private sources 5 No ransom paid 6 Indeterminate, but ransom paid 7 Indeterminate if ransom was paid 8 Irrelevant, no ransom demanded 9 Unknown

27. Number of prisoners released

Values:

000-996 Actual number 997 More than 996 998 Irrelevant 999 Unknown, but some prisoners were released

28. Ultimate destination of released prisoners

The stopping-over and refuelling points of released prisoners is not included. Their quasi-permanent destination at the end of the incident is entered.

Values:

(same as those used in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

29. First hostage's fate

Cases in which hostages are released without the levying of demands are coded as 01.

Values:

01 No damage or casualties, hostages released, no target capitulation 02 No damage or casualties, hostages released, capitulation or compromise by targets 03 Victims killed, no target capitulation 04 Victims killed, capitulation or compromise by targets 05 Damaged material, no target capitulation 06 Damaged material, capitulation or compromise by targets 07 Victim killed while attempting escape after initial capture 08 Victim successfully avoided capture 10 Victim successfully avoided capture after incident began 11 Hostages killed in shootout 12 Hostages killed, no provocation, during negotiations 13 Hostages killed during negotiations, deadline had passed 14 Hostages rescued by authorities 15 Incident forestalled by authorities before initiation 16 Victim escaped after initial capture 98 Irrelevant 99 Unknown, indeterminate

30. Second hostage's fate

Values: (same as Variable 29)

31. Duration of incident in hours

Coding should be from the time hostages were seized to the time that hostages' ultimate fate was determined.

Values: 00-96 Actual hours 97 More than 96 hours 98 Irrelevant 99 Unknown

32. Duration of incident in days

See caveat for #31.

Values:

000-996 Actual number of days 997 More than 996 days 998 Irrelevant 999 Unknown

Other Nations Involved in Incident

33. Number of nations denying safe haven request

Such nations refer to those suggested by any negotiator as a final destination for the perpetrators.

Values:

0-7 Actual number 8 Irrelevant 9 Unknown

34. First nation denying safe haven request

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

35. Second nation denying safe haven request

Values:

(Same as used in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

36. Number of nations granting safe haven request

Such nations are those willing to grant the terrorists safe haven in their territory, rather than those nations willing to allow the terrorists to leave their territory to reach a safe haven.

Values:

0-7 Actual number 8 Irrelevant 9 Unknown

37. First nation granting safe haven request

Values:

(Same as used in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

38. Second nation granting safe haven request

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

39. Number of nations with ancillary involvement in incident

Ancillary involvement refers to a relation to the event not previously mentioned elsewhere, e.g. as target, victim, host, or breeder of the terrorists. Such ancillary involvement may include being a refueling point for the escape vehicle, the site of a ransom payment, an additional source of demands, a mediator, a negotiator, a covert initiator of the specific incident, etc.

Values:

0-8 Actual number 9 Unknown

40. First ancillary nation

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4 of COMMON file)

41. Second ancillary nation

Values:

(same as used in Variable 4 of COMMON file) DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES IN SKYJACK FILE

This file includes terrorist hijackings which appear in the COMMON file as well as hijackings engaged in by non-terrorists.

1. Date of start of incident--year

The beginning of the incident is considered to be the date at the scene of the incident in which it first became apparent to individuals other than the initiators that a hijacking was taking place.

Values:

78 1978 79 1979 . . 87 1987

2. Date of start of incident--month

See description for variable 1.

Values:

01 January 02 February . . 12 December 99 Unknown month

3. Date of start of incident--day

See description for variable 1.

Values:

01 . . 31 99 Unknown day

4. Incident code number A unique 2-digit code number is assigned to each discrete incident which occurs on a given day. Specific incidents may thus be accessed by calling up the first 8 digits of an entry for an incident. These eight digits link the SKYJACK file to the COMMON, FATE, and HOSTAGE files, where appropriate.

Values:

00 01 . . 99

5. Duration in hours

Values:

00 Less than 1 hour 01-97 Actual hours 98 Unknown, but more than 1 hour 99 Unknown

Airline Information

6. Type of plane

Values:

001 BAC-111 002 Twin-engined Malev 003 DC-3 004 DC-4 005 DC-10 006 DC-6, DC-6B 007 F-7 008 Catalina flying boat 009 Dakota 010 Piper Apache PA10 011 Vickers Viscount 012 Constellation 013 YAK-12 014 Piper Apache PA10 015 Ilyushin IL-14 016 VC-10 017 FH-227 018 DC-8 019 DC-9 020 B-720 021 Cessna 210 022 Antonov AN-2 023 Piper Apache PA23 024 Antonov AN-24 025 HS 125 air taxi 026 YS-11 twin turboprop 027 Fokker F-27 028 Ilyushin 18 029 YS-11A 030 YAK 40 031 Viscount 810 032 Cessna 310 033 Cessna 150 034 Comet IV 035 Cessna 206 036 Cessna Skymaster 336 037 DH 114 038 A-300 Airbus 039 L-410 040 Cessna 9-passenger 402 041 C-141 042 Islander BN2A 043 Grumman Goose 73 044 Convair twin-engine VC 440 045 4-engined plane, not further identified 046 C-46 047 C-47 048 Hawker Siddeley twin-engined turboprop 748 049 L-1049 Super Constellation 050 TU-104 051 Lockheed Electra 052 Junkers 52 053 Beechcraft C-45 054 Ilyushin twin-engined 14 055 Beechcraft D-80 056 TU-134 057 DeHavilland Heron 157 058 Convair 580 059 Caravelle 50 060 CV-600 061 DeHavilland Twin Otter 062 Lockheed L-1011 TriStar 064 CV-640 065 Zlin cropduster 066 Saunders ST-27 067 SC-7 068 Aero Commander Hawk 681 070 Boeing 707 071 B-727 072 Cessna 172 073 B-737 074 B-747 jumbo jet 075 Trident 077 Cessna 177 078 AVRO 748 079 Piper Cherokee 140 080 Convair CV-880 081 Piper Commanche 082 Cessna 182 085 twin-engined Cherokee 086 F-862 087 Piper twin-engined Seneca 088 Electra L-188 089 Cessna 180 090 helicopter 091 Caravelle not further identified 092 twin-engined plane, not further identified 093 Viscount 4-engined turboprop 094 Fokker twin-engined plane 095 Beechcraft plane, not further identified 096 Piper twin-engined Navajo 097 Convair plane, not further identified 098 Convair 990 099 Piper twin-engined plane 100 Fokker Friendship 101 A-310 Airbus 102 Metroliner twin-engined plane 103 B-3 military plane 105 Commander-500 S 124 IL-24 127 B-727-200 130 C-130 military plane 131 Aztec, twin-engined cropduster 132 Aviocar 133 DeHavilland Dash-7 134 Martin 404 135 Tupoler TU-54 136 Ilyushin IL-86 137 Ilyushin 76T 138 TU-154 139 twin-engined Cessna 140 Fokker 28 141 HK-3184 Helicopter 142 Antonov AN-26 143 Bell Jet Ranger Helicopter 144 unidentified Cessna 145 Fokker ATR-42 999 Unknown

7. Airline company

Airlines appear by region, in the order in which they were first hijacked. (This variable includes the same information, but is coded somewhat differently than its predecessors in ITERATE 1 and 2. ITERATE 2 codes appear to the right of the entries.) Firms which are not identified as being general aviation carriers fly regularly- scheduled flights. Such American firms became subject to mandatory passenger screening in 1973.

The regional organization of this variable is:

000-199 US companies 200-399 European companies 400-499 Middle Eastern companies 500-599 Latin American companies 600-699 Far East and Asian companies 700-799 Eastern bloc companies 800-899 African companies 900-998 Other companies 999 Unknown

Specific Values:

000 National Airlines 027 001 Eastern Air Lines 028 002 PAC Pacific Air Lines 029 003 Continental Air Lines 030 004 Pan Am 031 005 American Aviation 035 006 local US 038 007 Hawaiian Airlines 040 008 Aloha Airlines 041 009 Crescent Airlines, a US charter 048 010 Delta Airlines 049 011 Southeast Airlines 052 012 Northwest Orient Airlines 053 013 TWA, Trans World Airlines 054 014 Island City Flying Service, a US charter 055 015 Naples Airlines, a US charter 057 016 Key West Airlines, a US charter 061 017 United Airlines 065 018 Northeast Airlines 072 019 Texas International 073 020 Caldwell Aviation Corporation, a US charter 104 021 North Central Airways 105 022 American Air Lines 109 023 Allegheny Airlines 125 024 PRINAIR Puerto Rican International Airlines 126 025 Western Airlines 130 026 American Air Taxi, a US charter firm 131 027 private US plane 132 028 Hughes Air West 135 029 Piedmont Airways 137 030 Braniff 139 031 Big Brother, Inc., a US general aviation firm 141 032 Wein Consolidated Salta 142 033 Pacific Southwest Airlines 148 034 SFO Helicopter Company, US general aviation 149 035 Mohawk Airlines 150 036 Chalk's Flying Service, US general aviation 152 037 Tortugas Airways, a US general aviation firm 153 038 Puerto Rican commuter flight firm 156 039 Frontier Airlines 157 040 Alaska Airlines 158 041 Southern Airways 168 042 Ozark Airways 171 043 JDJ Flying Service, a US charter firm 174 044 Trans-International Airways, US charter firm 176 045 Wall Street Helicopters, US general aviation 186 046 Air Charter, Inc., a US general aviation firm 187 047 Big Horn Airways, a US general aviation firm 188 048 Tampa Flying Service, US general aviation 193 049 Air New England 195 050 Sawyer Aviation, a US general aviation firm 196 051 Hi Lift Helicopters, US general aviation 197 052 Atlanta Aero, a US general aviation firm 201 053 Tri State Aero, a US general aviation firm 202 054 California Air Charter, US general aviation 203 055 Heinzmann Engineering Company, general avia. 206 056 Royal American Flyers, US general aviation 207 057 Gulf Air 210 058 Rio Airways 059 United States Mail Service 060 Capital Airlines 061 New York Air 062 Marco Island Airways 063 Fostaire Helicopter, a US general aviation firm 064 Global International Airways 065 Florida Air 066 Republic Airlines 067 Eastern Metro Express 068 People's Express 069 Aris Helicopter Limited, a US general aviation firm 070 Canadian Pacific Air 071 Horizon Air 200 local Greek 009 201 Transportes Aeros, a Portuguese firm 032 202 local French 034 203 KLM Royal Dutch Airways 036 204 Portuguese military plane 037 205 British charter 045 206 Air Canada 059 207 Olympic Airways, a Greek firm 063 208 DIA, a Portuguese firm 074 209 Turkish Airways 083 210 Air Icelandic 093 211 Iberian Airways, a Spanish firm 096 212 Alitalia 110 213 Etapa Air Taxi, a Portuguese firm 115 214 Swissair 120 215 BOAC British Overseas Airways 121 216 indeterminate Swiss firm 129 217 Transair-Midwest, a Canadian firm 133 218 SAS Scandinavian Airlines System, Swedish 134 219 Finnair 138 220 Lufthansa 151 221 Sabena 160 222 Scanair 163 223 UTA, a French firm 164 224 Aero Transporti Italiani 167 225 Quebec Air 169 226 Pacific Western, a Canadian firm 170 227 Air Inter Airlines, a French firm 172 228 Air France 179 229 Irish Helicopters, Inc. 180 230 British Airways 183 231 Dundalk Aero Club, an Eire firm 190 232 Canadian Pacific Airlines 192 233 TAP, a Portuguese firm 205 234 Aer Lingus, an Eire firm 209 235 Braathen Airlines 236 Sfair Freight Company, a French general aviation firm 400 local Egyptian 043 401 El Al 056 402 Misrair, an Egyptian firm 080 403 Iranian National Airlines 112 404 Saudi Arabian Airlines 113 405 Air Algerie 119 406 Egyptian Airlines 122 407 Indian Airlines 128 408 ALIA Royal Jordanian Airlines 140 409 Pakistan International Airlines 145 410 Al Yemda, a South Yemeni firm 166 411 MEA Middle East Airways, an Egyptian firm 175 412 Yemen Airways 178 413 Air India 194 414 Libyan Arab Airlines 208 415 Air Kuwait 212 416 Iranian military 417 Libyan military 418 Royal Air Maroc 419 Air Tunisia 420 Middle East Airlines, a Lebanese firm 421 Lebanese military 422 Asseman Airlines, a Iranian firm 424 Iraqi Airways 425 Ariana Afghan Airlines 500 local Peruvian 001 501 Faucett, a Peruvian firm 002 502 local Bolivian 017 503 Cubana 019 504 local Haitian 021 505 Aerovias, a Cuban firm 022 506 Panair do Brazil 023 507 Cuban general aviation firm 024 508 AVENSA 033 509 Cuban military plane 039 510 Aerocondor, a Colombian firm 042, 046 511 AVIANCA 047 512 local Mexican 050 513 VIASA, Venezuelan Airlines 051 514 Island Flying Service, a Bahamas charter 058 515 Aeromaya, a Mexican firm 060 516 SEASA, a Mexican firm 062 517 CMA, a Mexican firm 064 518 ASPA, a Venezuelan firm 066 519 Ecuatoriana International 067 520 SAM Sociedad Aeronautica de Medellin, Col. 068 521 local Venezuelan 069 522 Aeropostal, a Venezuelan firm 070 523 Ecuadorian Airlines 071 524 La Urraca, a Colombian firm 075 525 SAETA, an Ecuadorian firm 076 526 Mexicana de Aviacion 077 527 Nicaraguan Airlines 078 528 TAME, an Ecuadorian firm 081 529 SAHSA, a Honduran firm 082 530 Cruzeiro do Sul, a Brazilian firm 084 531 Aerotaxi Airlines, a Colombian charter 085 532 LANICA, Lancia, a Nicaraguan firm 086 533 VARIG, a Brazilian firm 087 534 Austral, an Argentine firm 089 535 LAN, a Chilean firm 090 536 Chilean Airlines 091 537 Mexican general aviation 092 538 LACSA, a Costa Rican firm 095 539 RAPSA, a Panamanian firm 097 540 Netherlands Antilles Airlines 098 541 British Honduran general aviation 101 542 Costa Rican National Airways 103 543 VASP Viacao Aerea de Sao Paulo, a Brazil firm 106 544 British West Indies Airlines, Trin & Tobago 107 545 Aeronaves de Mexico 116 546 Trans-Caribbean Airways 117 547 Aerovia Quisqueyana, a Dominican firm 127 548 Bolivian military plane 143 549 Arawak, a Trinidad and Tobago firm 144 550 Lloyd Air Boliviano 146 551 Alas Del Caribe Air, a Dominican firm 147 552 Jamaica Air Taxi, Ltd., general aviation 154 553 Empress Ecuatoriana de Aviacion 161 554 Aero Opita Tao, Opita Air Taxi, Colombian 165 555 local Argentine 177 556 Air Jamaica 181 557 Aeropesca, a Colombian firm 182 558 Cessnica, a Colombian general aviation firm 185 559 Haiti Air Inter 200 560 Aces Airlines, Colombian general aviation 204 561 Ladeco, a Chilean firm 211 562 National Transport Enterprise, general aviation 563 Salas Air Taxi, general aviation 564 Aeronica, a Nicaraguan firm 565 local Honduran 566 Aerotal, a Colombian firm 567 SANSA, a Colombian firm 568 private Nicaraguan 569 Colombian military 570 Aerolinas Argintines 571 ARCO, A Uruguayan firm 572 Aeromexico 573 Nicaraguan commuter 574 Central Airlines of Colombia 575 Nicaraguan Airlines 576 Varig-Cruceiro, a Brazilian firm 577 Suriname Airways 578 Helitaxi, a Colombian general aviation firm 579 Nicaraguan Military 580 Helicol Bell 581 ALM 590 Gum Air, a Suriname firm 600 Cathay-Pacific 008 601 China National Aviation Corporation 011 602 PAL Philippine Air Lines 015 603 Korean National Airlines, a South Korean firm 018 604 Trans-Australia 025 605 East-West Airlines, an Australian firm 088 606 JAL Japan Air Lines 102 607 Ansett Airlines, an Australian firm 108 608 Air Vietnam, a South Vietnamese firm 114 609 All Nippon Airways 118 610 Bira Air Transport, Thai general aviation 124 611 Merpati Nusuntara Airlines, Indonesian firm 155 612 Royal Nepalese Airlines 173 613 Far Eastern Air Transport, a Taiwanese firm 191 614 Australian military plane 199 615 Thai Airways Company 213 616 Malaysian Airlines Systems 214 617 CAAC, Civil Aviation Administration of China 618 Air New Zealand 619 Bangladesh Airlines 620 Gauda Airlines, an Indonesian firm 621 China Airlines 622 Nanchang-Fuchow Airlines, a Chinese firm 623 Burmese Airways 700 local Romanian 003 701 local Czechoslovakian 004 702 local Yugoslavian 005 703 Soviet-Romanian Airways 006 704 local Bulgarian 007 705 local Hungarian 010 706 LOT (a Polish firm) 012 707 local Polish 013 708 Yugoslavian National Airlines 014 709 CSA Czechoslovakia National Airlines 016 710 Czech general aviation charter firm 020 711 local USSR 026 712 Interflug, an East German firm 100 713 Aeroflot 111 714 TAROM, a Romanian firm 123 715 Slovair, a Czech firm 159 716 Balkan Airlines, a Bulgarian firm 198 717 Irkutsk Aviation Enterprise 800 Nigerian Airlines 044 801 Ethiopian Airlines 079 802 Angolan Air Taxi, a general aviation firm 136 803 South African Airlines 162 804 East African Airways, a Kenyan firm 163 805 an Angolan charter firm 189 806 Air Afrique 807 Tanzanian Airways 808 Kenyan military 809 Ethiopian Air Force 810 Somali Airlines 811 Ugandan Airlines 900 Red Cross 999 Unknown, indeterminate 099

Location of Incident

8. Flight plan embarkation point

When it cannot be determined from sources where the flight began, the value for this variable will be identical to that used for the embarkation point of the hijacker.

Values:

(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)

9. Hijacker embarkation point

When it cannot be determined where the hijacker boarded the plane, the last known refueling/stopoff location for the flight is entered.

Values:

(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)

10. Flight plan end point

Takeovers of nonscheduled flights (i.e., planes being serviced on the ground, with no crewmen on board) are listed as ending in the country of takeover.

Values:

(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)

11. Hijacker desired end point

The location need not be identical to the name of the city at which the hijacker finally left the plane.

Values:

(Same country codes as used for Variable 4 in COMMON file)

12. Number of stopovers and refuelings

This variable notes the number of stops between the point of hijacking and the end of the incident. In cases where the incident ended at a location considered by the hijacker to be a refueling point, rather than a point of his chosen embarkation, a value of 1 is added to the tally of previous stopovers.

Values:

0-8 Actual number 9 More than 8 stopovers

Number of Individuals Involved

13. Crew members

Crew members include stewardesses as well as pilots, co-pilots, and navigators. Planes which are on the ground being serviced have no crewmen on board.

Values:

00-98 Actual number 99 Unknown

14. Individuals on board plane

This figure includes hijackers, crewmen, passengers, skymarshals, and other personnel.

Values:

00-97 Actual number 98 More than 97 99 Unknown

15. Hijackers

Unarmed members of the hijackers' family, such as children, are not included in this tally. Accomplices on the ground who aid the hijackers in providing weapons, entry, etc., but do not participate in the attack are also not counted.

Values:

00-98 Actual number 99 Unknown

16. Number wounded

Wounded includes those who are reported to have been sufficiently harmed physically to have required medical attention. No distinction is made between those who are out-patients and those who are rescued from the critical list. Those who later die from their injuries are coded as dying, rather than wounded. The tally includes police, crew, passengers, hijackers, and others.

Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded 99 Unknown

17. Hostages wounded

Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded 99 Unknown

18. Hijackers wounded

Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded 99 Unknown

19. Crew wounded

Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were wounded 99 Unknown

20. Number killed

Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed 99 Unknown

21. Hostages killed

Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed 99 Unknown

22. Hijackers killed

Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed 99 Unknown

23. Crew killed Values:

00-96 Actual number 97 More than 96 98 Unknown, but some individuals were killed 99 Unknown

24. Damage to plane

Values:

0 None 1 Slight - less than or equal to $10,000 2 Moderate - less than or equal to $100,000 3 High - less than or equal to $1 million 4 Severe - more than $1 million 9 Unknown, but damage reported

25. Logistical success of hijacking incident

Values:

1 Incident stopped by authorities at planning stage 2 Incident stopped by authorities at scene or on the way to scene, before initiation 3 Aborted by hijackers during event 4 Unsuccessful owing to faults or error by hijackers 5 Stopped by authorities at the scene after initiation 6 Apparently completed as planned 9 Unknown

26. Negotiation success of hijacking incident

Values:

1 Received some of their demands 2 Received all of their demands 3 Received none of their demands 8 Irrelevant, no demands made 9 Unknown

27. Type of weapon

The most destructive weapon of all of those known to be in the possession of the perpetrators at the scene of the incident is noted.

Values:

1 Hoax, no weapons used 2 Non-explosive, non-projectile weapons, including knives 3 Handguns 4 Rifles, shotguns, or machine guns 5 Explosives, incendiaries 6 Missiles, other heavy projectiles 7 Other 9 Unknown