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1559 35 )and 2 Because shelf-life, 30 SGF package 2 ), SGF2 (1.0 cm S. bigelovii 2 ) of silicon gum film (SGF) 2 eering, Washington State University, nd Technology, Jiangnan University, d 2009 Society of Chemical Industry c Generally, developments in material 31,32 For its particularly selective permeability, the in LDPE, SGF1 (0.6 cm 34 ) PE/PA bags were used as controls. 2 2 MAP systems. However, the extensive use of these /CO To extend the potential application of MAP, a scheme 37 2 Jin-Long Cai, SGF package was observed to provide the optimal c 22,33 2 during initial storage; however, the 0.6 cm and tray Agricultural Products Process ResearchAcademy, 350013 Center Fuzhou, of Fujian Agriculture Science Department of Biological Systems Engin Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA Jinagsu Jinglong Marine Industry Development Co. Ltd, 224145, Dafeng, China Correspondence to: Min Zhang,Jiangnan University, School 214122 Wuxi, China. of E-mail: [email protected] Food Science andState Technology, Key Laboratory of214122Wuxi, Food Jiangsu, Science China a 36 ∗ c a d b 1 March 2009 Published online in Wiley Interscience: 5 May 2009 systems has been hinderedavailable when by compared the with substantial theretail scale bag cost in system, developing and especially countries facility such at as the China. respiration rates ofrange, different a given types polymeric film of canunder only specific produce conditions. be used vary in certain in produce a wide jar using a selective membrane and a nonselective materialhas been in proposed. parallel silicon membrane has been developed successfully in chamber, film may result in acceleration of quality deterioration. sciences have not fully met the MAP requirementsproduce. for various fresh 1 S. 27 Torr. storage 3,4 S. bigelovii This 14–17 6,7 d dified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for extension of However, bag combining different sizes (0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 cm Shao-Jin Wang, contains high ∗ 5 12,13 a polypropylene (PP) C, the equilibrium compositions of O ◦ 26 Torr. is a promising seasonal using seawater production but perishable with short . while modified atmosphere China, a country with a large 11 over recent years. and Xiang Zhou 18–20 Min Zhang, storage. Polymeric films such as polyethylene d S. bigelovii have been widely used in MAP. On the a,b : 1559–1564 www.soci.org 21–24 28 89 , an edible halophytic plant, and China. but insufficient permeability of the packaging S. bigelovii bigelovii in many countries such as Mexico, the United 10 Many scientists have started to focus on using 29 ) were 3.0–5.0/4.5–6.5 kPa, 0.5–1.5/8.5–19.0 kPa, 2.5–5.0/5.5–10.0 kPa, and 6.0–13.0/4.0–6.5 kPa, respectively. S. bigelovii 2009; 2 2 8,9 MAP; halophytic plant; permeability; sensory quality; shelf-life gradually develops toughness, moisture and green loss, Salicornia bigelovii

low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 25

2009 Society of Chemical Industry Fresh produce possesses the best possible quality at harvest, c population and limitedseen land a progressively thatconsumption increasing is of interest routinely in ploughed, the cultivation has and RESULTS: During 36 days of storage at 2 other hand, a successful MAPfor results packaging, in an ideal barrier property Arab Emirates, windows was tested, and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and perforated (1.0 cm SGF3 (1.4 cm (PE), J Sci Food Agric and perforated PP Refrigerated storagepostharvest is quality a losses, common method for minimizing Salicornia bigelovii Soil salinity hasHowever, become most a freshtolerate serious top salt. concern crops consumed in by recent people years. cannot INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND: Abstract on Dong-He Lu, Cheng-Pei Zhu with different sizes of silicon gum film windows (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/jsfa.3624 Effects of modified atmosphere packaging Research Article Received: 9 January 2009 Revised: 25 March 2009 Accepted: 3 a nonselective polyethylene/polyamide (PE/PA) which cannot be improved but only maintained after harvest. andnormallyhasashelf-lifeof5–7 daysunderambientconditions. bigelovii packaging (MAP) istemperature an for effective complement furthervariety to preventing of the quality produce. optimum deterioration in a seawater for crop cultivation along undeveloped coastal land. markedly accelerated deterioration over the latter storage. The 1.0 cm plant has been recognizedin as one seawater of the most promising crops nutritive components, such as vitamins and minerals. Passive MAP treatments improved the quality attributes of CONCLUSION: The results showprolonging that shelf-life of passive MAP with optimized sizes of SGF windows could be an effective technique for condition for shelf-life under ambient conditions. To develop a mo Keywords: . 1 ). 41 2 − et al partial A10g 2 acetone Samples 1 oxalic acid − 39 : 1559–1564 1 37,38 . − 89 et al 1 g dry sample was 2009; 42 . and lowest CO C for 30 min. The Petri ◦ 2 partial pressures in MAP et al 2 acetone solution. The filtered 1 − C for 60 min, filtered and washed J Sci Food Agric ◦ and CO 2 oxalic acid. The respiration rate was estimated as . Weight loss was determined by weighing each 1 1 − − s 1 − Cfor80min. ◦ gkg µ NaOH in a Petri dish, and placed at 2 2 1 − dish was then taken outwith and 0.2 the mol L NaOH was immediately titrated CO sample was ground in a mortar with 10 mL of 20 g L 9 to 1. Scorevery 9 firm and represents dark excellent green. Score quality 7any represents without rotting, good any quality firm without rotting, andmarketability green. with less Score than 5 1%green. represents rotten, Score moderately fair 3 firm and and represents light limited poor1–5% quality and rotten, limited soft usability andand with inedible, pale with green. more than Score 5%sample 1 rotten, was very represents considered soft very and unmarketable poor yellow. whenthan The the 5. score was lower Respiration rate and weight loss Respiration rate was determined by static methods. homogenate was made up to 100 mL with 800 mL L treatments were clearlychanging sharply affected over the bythe first latter storage, the 4 except days for the packaging and perforatedambient packaging conditions progressively kept (Fig. method, under during 1). The highest O solution. The homogenate was made up to 100 mL with 10 g L RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Gas partial pressures Both of the headspace O oxalic acid solution. 102,6-dichlorophenol mL indophenol filtered solution solutionsrose-pink until were color persisted titrated the for with more distinctsome than light modifications 5 s. was Charles’ used method to5 with evaluate g the samples total with chlorophyll. 0.3a g mortar with 5.0 carbonate mL were of homogenized 800 mL in L pressures were observed in SGF3 treatment throughout thestorage tested time, mainly due to the highest exchange area (1.4 cm mixed with 100 mL of6.9–7.1, cold laurel and sodium mixed sulfate, withsodium adjusted sulfite. 2 to It mL was pH left decahydronaphthalene at and 110 0.5 g first with hot water and acetone,at and 100 finally dried on a filter paper These results also suggested that the SGF windows had a higher solution. Absorbencies at 665 and 649UV-visible nm were spectrophotometer measured (Model using a U2001, HitachiJapan). Co., Crude Tokyo, fiber wasreagent determined method using described the by Guevara neutral detergent Statistical analysis The mean and standard deviation values were obtainedreplicates. over three Data analysis was(ANOVA). carried The mean out values by wererange analysis separated tests by of at a Duncan’s variance significance multiple level of 0.05. sample at the beginningpercentage of of initial sample each weight. withdrawal and expressed as Ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll and crude fiberAscorbic content acid was analyzedaccording by the to indophenol the titration method procedures described by Li taken from the package were firstin exposed to the ambient storage conditions roomput for 30 into min. a 200 g gas-tightL of container the (260 samples mm) were with then 10 mL of 0.4 mol . 1 1 2 m − − µ The mol Pa 9 www.soci.org D-H Lu 37 2 − mol s − 10 m 12 S. bigelovii C(LuDH, S. bigelovii − 1 ◦ × 2009 Society of Chemical Industry − 10 c 24 SGF window in . C with 85% RH) × 2 ◦ 12 mol s C, and to develop / 17 (SGF3) were cut in ◦ . 9 13 2 − − is not chilling sensitive 10 at 2 10 Agrocybe chaxingu. were used to evaluate the × and 14 × 38 2 . 08 31 . . 6 Torr.),5–6cmoftheyoungest et al S. bigelovii / for O 1 ) in the sealed bags were measured 13 2 S. bigelovii − − window kept uncovered were used were 4 20 cm width) with a permeability of Pa 2 10 2 2 (SGF2) and 1.4 cm × C and 90% RH was used for comparisons. × − ◦ samples from each bag on a scale from 2 /CO and CO m 2 20 2 1 . − at 20 2 and 5 mol s . It is also observed that the 0.9 cm 1 Salicornia bigelovii C and 75% RH for 36 days. ( to obtain a versatile membrane system in passive − S. bigelovii 12 ◦ 20 cm width) bag was used together with a high- for CO − Pa partial pressures in different packaging bags, to evaluate 1 (SGF1), 1.0 cm × 2 − 2 10 C and 90% RH, respectively. This packaging was used for 2 − ◦ Pa × m 2 S. bigelovii There are no published reports on bag storage of 1 − 74 . − permselectivity silicon gum filmChemical (SGF, FC-8, Physics, Lanzhou CAS, InstitutePE/PA of Lanzhou, and China). SGF for The O permeabilities of Modified atmosphere packaging Acommercialnonselectivepolyethylene/polyamide(PE/PA,30 cm length fully expanded branch tips usedJiangsu in Jinglong Marine this Industry study, Development Co. was Ltd (Yancheng, obtainedChina). from The materials were8 transported h to after harvest. the Materials laboratoryused without in within visual all defects experiments. were randomly unpublished). Preliminary experiments demonstrate that different sizes of silicon gum film (SGF) windows couldof result affect shelf-life sensory quality. A panel of 10 trained judgesquality evaluated characteristics, the including sensory general appearance, firmness and color, which were weighted with 40%, 30%for and 30%, all respectively, the before opening using aInstrument gas Co. Ltd, analyzer Shanghai, China) (CYES-II, by placing Xuelian theinto needle directly Analytical the packageAnalyses and were carried recording out every in a 4 storage days room during (2 storage. Our previous work revealed that and the optimum stored temperature is about 2 primary objectives of the present study were to determine the O www.interscience.wiley.com/jsfa m at 20 EXPERIMENTAL Plant material S. bigelovii and CO PE/PA bags with a 1.0 cm s a tray MAP system improves shelf-life of thickness, 30 cm length 3 the central part on oneSGF. side A of commercial the low-density PE/PA bags polyethylene and (LDPE) covered bag with (35 Sensory quality assessment Similar methods employed by Li using a 10.0 mL gas sample. samples were randomly loaded27 and bags sealed. were packaged For based each onmeasurements three treatment, during replicates the entire with storage nine period. All times packagesstored were at 2 as a control (PERF). For each packaging, about 300 g MAP treatments. In the0.6 present cm study, three sizes of window of S. bigelovii the effect of passive MAPthe with different quality sizes and of SGF shelf-life windows of on an effective and small-scaleaccessible by MAP farmers. system that would be readily Gas analysis Gas compositions (O

1560 1561 2 S. S. Cfor ◦ )package MAP. and/or high and increase 2 silicon gum film 2 During the final 2 C(Fig.2).Higher 23 )film(PERF). ◦ 2 ), which was most )packagewith1.0cm 1 in different packages S. bigelovii − s 1 − stored in different packages SD for three replicates) of sensory gkg ± S. bigelovii www.interscience.wiley.com/jsfa µ )packagewith1.4cm ♦ 20 . Storage time (days) Torr. stored in different packages at 2 The results showed that ideal packaging S. bigelovii ,21 44 . These results showed that both SGF and 2 ) package with perforated (1.0 cm silicon gum film window (SGF1); ( S. bigelovii The value for PERF treatment was significant higher 2 ) package with low-density polyethylene (LDPE); ( Salicornia bigelovii Changesinscores(mean ◦ , while insufficient permeability may result in accelerated 45 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 observed in SGF2, SGF3 and LDPE could be associated with 8 6 4 2 0 C are listed in Table 1. The initial respiration rate was

10 2

◦ partial pressures in the packaging (Fig. 1(a)). Sensory quality Sensory 2 period, slight increases could be observed intreatments, PERF, LDPE which and may SGF3 be dueindicated to sample that senescence. MAP The could results result in a lower respiration rate for particularly high (CO probably dominated byprocess and stress transportation resulting justrate dropped before from abruptly storage. the during Thethe the harvesting respiration first first 4 8 days, days – followedresult extraordinarily by in is a steady similar level tostorage. in that all of treatments. This green spears during MAP window (SGF3); ( than those for MAP treatments duringother 4–12 hand, the days’ respiration storage. rate On in the in SGF1 other was packages obviously during lower the than entirethe storage initial period, particularly days, in which could result from the low O extending senescence. permeability could effectively improve the quality of postharvest bigelovii deterioration. Respiration rate The respiration rates of at 2 Figure 2. silicon gum film window (SGF2); ( shelf-life of LDPE packaging systems could be used for quality for 36 days: ( scores could be detectedbecause all in these SGF2, treatments provided SGF332 scores days and higher of than LDPE 5 storage. treatments, until SGF2 However, treatment was in above the 5.period A final faster and decrease experiment, a during only thescores sharp entire of the the drop PERF, SGF1 in andcompared LDPE the treatments, respectively, with latter when data periodPERF can found and SGF1 be in treatments produced found unacceptable thebelow results in (scores other 5) around treatments. the 28th Bothon day. the sensory The effect quality ofcompositions packaging would (Fig. 1). methods be The moderate mainly reduction in due O to the different gas with 0.6 cm in CO CO Sensory evaluation The sensory qualitydecreased scores progressively of during storage at 2 2 Cfor ◦ partial partial SD over 2 2 )package ± 2009 Society of Chemical Industry silicon gum film c 2 partial pressures 2 )film(PERF). 2 Torr. stored at 2 )packagewith1.0cm could be noted in both 2 partial pressure for most 2 ig. 1(b)). A significant drop was (b) partial pressures (mean 2 )packagewith1.4cm than the other packages, and the In this study, the O ♦ storage www.soci.org Salicornia bigelovii 2 43 Storage time (days) (a) and CO : 1559–1564 2 and CO 89 2 S. bigelovii ) package with perforated (1.0 cm partial pressure was similar to that of SGF3 (Fig. 1). 2009; 2 partial pressure accumulated obviously over initial silicon gum film window (SGF1); ( 2 2 ) package with low-density polyethylene (LDPE); ( partial pressure decreased abruptly from the initial value Changes of O ◦ 2 ). On the other hand, the trend showed that the O 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 of the LDPE film when compared with that of SGF film. 2 5 0 5 0 2

25 20 15 10 20 15 10

partial pressures were also at sound values which appeared 2 2 pressure (kPa) pressure CO O pressure (kPa) pressure 2 The O The CO The aim of MAP is to obtain a desirable equilibrium atmosphere (b) (a) Effects of MAP on three replicates) in packages for size of SGFpartial windows pressures would in packages.be clearly However, observed affect in a SGF1 the contrary packaging(0.6 cm result headspace due to could gas the small exchange area is about 1.0 kPa. in MAP treatments, except forCO SGF1, were above 2.5 kPa and the to be beneficial for maintaining the quality and extending the window (SGF3); ( This result could be causedfor by CO the slightly higher permselectivity J Sci Food Agric permeability to O silicon gum film window (SGF2); ( Figure 1. 36 days: ( pressure in LDPE treatment was slightlywhile higher the than CO that of SGF2, pressures in SGF3 treatment reached theday, lowest followed level by on a the progressive 16th increase. (21 kPa) to a level lower thaninitial 10 kPa 4 in days MAP and treatments during(Fig. changed the 1(a)). slightly A steady during state the of 2.5–5.0 following kPa storage O observed in SGF1 and SGF2 treatments, while theand changes SGF3 in treatments LDPE were nottime. so obvious over the latter storage in packages since the low limit of O days, and reached a peak arounddecreases the with 4th day, MAP followed treatments by (F various with 0.6 cm SGF2 and LDPE treatments aftervalues 8 in days SGF1 of treatment storage. were However, lower than the 1.5 kPa. The O . 2 S. 48 05) et al . silicon 0 2 < 589aDE 483abE 411abE 522bD 519bC 622bB ...... P 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 1559–1564 C for 36 days: ± ± ± ± ± ± and/or CO ◦ 05) amongst . 89 )packagewith 2 50 88 21 54 86 27 0 ...... were very similar < 05) using Duncan’s . 2009; SD for threereplicates) P 0 silicongumfilmwindow ± < 2 silicon gum film window; P 2 )film(PERF). 2 )packagewith1.0cm S.bigelovii 400bD 4 667abD 3 419abD 4 392bcC 5 589bcC 6 625bB 9 ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 J Sci Food Agric ± ± ± ± ± ± ) Storage time (days) 37 58 87 06 16 93 1 ...... − s partial pressure in the package (Fig. 1). )packagewith1.4cm 1 2 ♦ − Torr. stored in different packages at 2 gkg µ 2 400bD 3 261bD 3 272bD 3 353cC 5 378cC 6 469cB 8 There were no clear differences ( ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 12162024283236 ) package with perforated (1.0 cm 47 Changes in ascorbic acid content (mean ifferent capital letters indicate significant difference ( tissue. ± ± ± ± ± ± 0 and/or high CO silicon gum film window (SGF1); (

60 50 40 30 20

Packaging

2 2

06 35 57 51 33 76 silicon gum film window.

Ascorbic acid (mg kg (mg acid Ascorbic . FW) . . . . .

2 -1 Salicornia bigelovii ) package with low-density polyethylene (LDPE); ( C for 36 days (CO ◦ of different packages during thethe first 16 PERF days treatment ofdecomposition storage, showed although of the ascorbicdecrease least acid in potency (Fig. ascorbic in 4).12th acid controlling Surprisingly, day content a inthe could sharp the LDPE be package, SGF1accumulating noted respectively. loss package, from of During and50% the ascorbic with 36 from SGF1 days acid packaging, the most represented storage,low probably O approximately due 24th the to the day excessively in (SGF3); ( gumfilmwindow(SGF2);( partial pressures, which retarded the postharvest senescence of Figure 4. produce. On the other hand,in the SGF2 lower packaging ascorbic throughout acidpackaging the during decomposition the storage initial rate period, period, can be andof attributed in to the both LDPE ability these treatments to offerbigelovii conditional O Total chlorophyll content Changes in total chlorophyll content of to those of ascorbicpostharvest acid, storage which (Fig. 5). decreased The progressively degradation of during chlorophyll could 0.6 cm ( ◦ ) 2 1 ◦ − www.soci.org D-H Lu 621aDE 3 503abE 3 464abE 3 372bcD 4 494bcC 5 617bB 7 ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 Torr. stored at 2 ± ± ± ± ± ± 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 68 91 93 14 30 28 silicon gum film ...... c C for 36 days: ( 2 ◦ )packagewith0.6cm SD for three replicates) of ) film; LDPE, package with low-density polyethylene; SGF1, package with 0.6 cm 2 ± Salicornia bigelovii silicon gum film window (SGF3); 711aB 9 039aA 767aE 4 383aE 3 456aE 3 519aD 5 683aC 6 ...... 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 at harvest is about 60 mg kg 32 )film(PERF). ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 2 )packagewith1.0cm 04 20 48 36 48 99 81 ...... silicon gum film window; SGF3, package with 1.4 cm Storage time (days) 2 S. bigelovii of SD over three replicates. Means in the same column followed by d 46 ± Torrr. stored in different packages at 2 )packagewith1.4cm ♦ 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Changes in respiration rate of stored in all MAP treatments represented an accumu- Changes in weight loss (mean during postharvest storage, which would be of benefit in

5 4 3 2 1 0 Weight loss (%) loss Weight ) package with perforated (1.0 cm 36 5 28 4 20 4 12 6 88 412 SGF2, package with 1.0 cm Values are mean 021 Storage time (days) PERF LDPE SGF1 SGF2 SGF3 Table 1. test. PERF, package with perforated (1.0 cm between days of storage, while different small letters in the same row indicate significant difference between treatments ( ( www.interscience.wiley.com/jsfa fresh weight, whichpostharvest showed storage, an which obvious decrease was during similar the to some other fresh Ascorbic acid content Thecontentofascorbicacid,oneofthemostimportantvitaminsforthe human body, lating weight loss ofhowever, less the than 1.6% data during(Fig. for 3). the the tested There PERF duration; wereMAP treatment marked treatments, were differences while close betweentreatments the to the were not differences 4.5% PERF so clear. amongst and Thethe lowest different weight LDPE loss MAP was treatment, found which in permeability was for factually moisture. attributed The low to moisturepackaging its permeability could of possibly lowest result LDPE in microbial growth and ultimately affect the product quality (Fig. 2). Weight loss S. bigelovii maintaining its quality. Salicorniabigelovii bigelovii silicon gum film window (SGF1); ( Figure 3. window (SGF2); ( package with low-density polyethylene (LDPE); (

1562 1563 S. Sci spp. 05) . 0 33bA 39bA 40bB 34abC 31aCD 32aDE 29aE ...... < :111–114 0 0 0 Torr. with 0 0 0 0 P Wall Street J 29 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± silicon gum JAridEnviron storage. 4 9 2 5 1 6 3 2 ...... 5kPa)and/or . inoculated with Azospirillum 1 for preserving < 2 ( 2 S. bigelovii Food Res Dev and CO 52 2 Salicornia bigelovii during storage. Passive MAP ), which clearly affected the 05) between treatments using . 2 0 26cA 11 38bcAB 10 32bcBC 10 31abCD 9 28aDE 9 35aEF 8 29aF 8 ...... Salicornia bigelovii 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 < www.interscience.wiley.com/jsfa ± ± ± ± ± ± ± P . [In Chinese]. 5 3 9 4 9 5 3 ...... and CO S. bigelovii 2 (Fig. 1(b)) could increase cell permeability fresh weight) 2 1 :265–272 (2000). Salicornia − 32 silicon gum film window. stored under extremely low O 2 0 kPa) conditions may cause quality deterioration . Limits to growth of Salicornia bigelovii Torr. at suboptimal :76–81 (1998). . PhD thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson (1999). 10 > 40dAB 10 43dAB 10 37bcA 9 31bABC 9 34aBCD 8 31aCD 8 29aD 8 ( 279 ...... :711–730 (1997). ifferent capital letters indicate significant difference ( were 2.5–5.0 and 5.5–10.0 kPa, respectively. On the other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 :1–3 (2003). Packaging seawater on sand in36 a coastal desert environment. Am salinity irrigated oilseed halophyte Biol Fertil Soils Water requirements for cultivating mangrove rhizosphere bacteria and halotolerant 2 freezing drying (2008). ± ± ± ± ± ± ± S. bigelovii 4 5 6 2 9 6 3 C for 36 days (g kg ...... ◦ 1 Pfiser RW, 2 Bashan Y, Moreno M and Troyo E, Growth promotion of the seawater- 3 Glenn E, Miyamoto S, Moore D, Brown JJ, Thompson TL and Brown P, 4 Glenn EP, Brown JJ and O’Leary JW, Irrigating crops with seawater. 5 Millman J, Trendy sprout thrives on water from the sea. 6 Lu AG, Zhang XL, Ju X and Yang YZ, Quality analysis of the vacuum high CO for the SGF1 and LDPE packages the datalow observed in were comparison obviously with the other treatmentstreatment, (Table 2). a In certain the decrease SGF1 could evenfinal be stage, observed which during may the havepartial pressures resulted of from CO the fact that elevated CONCLUSIONS The packaging methodpackage atmospheres resulted (O in significantly different in- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work wasTechnology Achievements funded Transformation Special Fund by Programs the(No. BA2006058). Jiangsu Provincial Science and REFERENCES bigelovii hand, product quality of treated and reduce the shelf-life. In considering the controlsizes of for SGF window the desired gas permeability,window the provided passive an MAP effective with method a for SGF and cause a disintegration of crude fiber. could be a practical techniquerecommended for gas partial extension pressures of of O shelf-life, and the 2 C ◦ Torr. stored at 2 47dAB 9 41cdA 9 35cAB 9 34bBC 9 27aBC 8 31aCD 8 29aD 8 )package ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 in different ± ± ± ± ± ± ± SD for three 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 6 8 4 1 9 6 3 in the same row indicate the significant difference ( ...... After 36 days’ silicon gum film c ± ) film; LDPE, package with low-density polyethylene; SGF1, package with 0.6 cm 2 2 49 . )film(PERF). 2 C, which increased ◦ )packagewith1.0cm S. bigelovii Salicornia bigelovii silicon gum film window; SGF3, package with 1.4 cm 05) lower than that of the . 2 S. bigelovii 0 42aA 9 46aA 9 37aB 9 31aC 9 37aD 8 33aDE 8 29aE 8 ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 < ± ± ± ± ± ± ± P The crude fiber accumulations in )packagewith1.4cm 2 2 9 9 2 7 3 ...... ♦ Torr. stored in different packages at 2 storage www.soci.org 51 Storage time (days) were similar to that of asparagus spears : 1559–1564 89 SD over three replicates. Means in the same column followed by d S. bigelovii ± ) package with perforated (1.0 cm 2009; 50 ) package with low-density polyethylene (LDPE); ( Salicornia bigelovii silicon gum film window (SGF1); ( S. bigelovii Changes in crude fiber content of ◦ 2 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Changes in total chlorophyll content (mean 0

600 500 400 300 200

Chlorophyll (mg kg (mg Chlorophyll FW) -1 36 12 28 12 20 10 12 9 89 48 Values are mean 08 Storage time (days) PERF LDPE SGF1 SGF2 SGF3 Table 2. film window; SGF2, package with 1.0 cm between days of storage,Duncan’s test. while PERF, different package small with perforated letters (1.0 cm Effects of MAP on packages during postharvest storage at 2 for 36 days: ( storage, the totaltreatments chlorophyll were contents significantly ( inother treatments, the showing PERF that thea and feasible favorable MAP SGF1 effect treatments had onthe chlorophyll content. fact The that results chlorophyllsenescing confirmed breakdown higher occurred at underwas induced. high conditions rates in for which senescence window (SGF3); ( different packages remained at a comparativelyinitial high storage, level and during then had awere no relatively significant low differences between increased the rate. PERF and There treatments diverse MAP until the 12th day.in The the fastest PERF increase treatment, was followedrepresented observed a by significant SGF3, increase in then the tested SGF2. duration. All However, of them J Sci Food Agric Crude fiber content Table 2 lists the crude fiber content of result in the loss of green color in silicon gum film window (SGF2); ( Figure 5. replicates) of with 0.6 cm generally with storagecontent of duration. Theduring changes postharvest storage. in crude fiber . JSci et al spp.). L. var. :8–15 :80–85 7 . Wiley, Averrhoa Agrocybe Agrocybe 44 : 1559–1564 LWT Food Sci Opuntia Fresh-Cut 89 :965–973 (2008). :99–107 (2004). :455–466 (2008). ´ epy Y, MA storage 41 ,ed.byLamikanraO. Pisum sativum 32 87 :1–11 (2007). :343–350 (2007). 2009; :309–317 (2005). 40 Postharvest Biol Technol 43 35 :213–223 (2001). 21 :6910–6915 (2003). :22–29 (2008). Trends Food Sci Technol J Food Eng ality of green asparagus spears. 100 ophyll degradation in processed f minimally processed jackfruit age of mushrooms in pre-packs: modified atmosphere packaging 48 Methods of Vitamin Assay oduce in a modified atmosphere. Postharvest Biol Technol in modified atmosphere packaging :686–691 (2008). 2 J Sci Food Agric 41 :167–176 (2003). LWT Food Sci Technol L.) bulbs. :140–143 (1993). 29 Postharvest Biol Technol 58 LWT Food Sci Technol A Laboratory Course Manual of Storage in VIII International Controlled Atmosphere Research Postharvest Biol Technol Postharvest Biol Technol :119–127 (2008). :723–727 (2003). Postharvest Biol Technol . [In Chinese]. Laiyang Agriculture College, Laiyang, :951–957 (2006). :1371–1381 (2006). ). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 324 J Food Sci L. cv. Fwang Tung). 600 , ed. by International Society for Horticultural Science. :178–187 (2000). 77 24 quality stored in modified atmosphere packages with storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 33 LWT Food Sci Technol :361–370 (2003). Artocarpus heterophyllus on the quality of prickly pear cactus stems ( Postharvest Biol Technol for vegetables, in Conference Acta Hortic storage on the respirationJ and Food qu Eng vegetables: a review. packaging affects ascorbic acid, enzyme activity andof market broccoli. quality modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the qualitysaccharatum of snow pea pods( modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) reduce decay andpostharvest maintain quality of28 papaya ‘Sunrise’. with 6-benzylaminopurine and foods and senescent plant tissues. (1996). Breakdown offor chlorophyll: the a formationcatabolites. nonenzymatic of reaction the accounts colorless ‘nonfluorescent’ chlorophyll of asparagus spears withgases. a compressed mix of argon and xenon carambola Technol fresh-cut salad savoy. atmosphere to extend shelf life of fresh-cut carambola(2007). 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