DOCSLIB.ORG

Intercropping Withcassava Proceedings of an International Workshop Held Attrivandrum, India, 27 Nov-I Dec1978 Ectors: Ecward Webec Barry \Estel Anc Ariyn Campdeh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intercropping Withcassava Proceedings of an International Workshop Held Attrivandrum, India, 27 Nov-I Dec1978 Ectors: Ecward Webec Barry \Estel Anc Ariyn Campdeh Intercropping WithCassava Proceedings of an international workshop held atTrivandrum, India, 27 Nov-i Dec1978 Ectors: Ecward Webec Barry \esteL anc ariyn CampDeH ARCHIV 38421 IDRC-142e The International Development Research Centre is a public corporation created by the Parliament of Canada in 1970 to support research designed to adapt science and technology to the needs of developing countries. The Centre's activity is concentrated in five sectors: agriculture, food and nutrition sciences; health sciences; information sciences; social sciences; and communications. IDRC is financed solely by the Government of Canada; its policies, however, are set by an international Board of Governors. The Centre's headquarters are in Ottawa, Canada. Regional offices are located in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. © 1979 International Development Research Centre Postal Address: Box 8500, Ottawa, Canada K1G 3H9 Head Office: 60 Queen Street, Ottawa Weber, E. Nestel, B. Campbell, M. IDRC, Ottawa, CA Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Trivandrum, IN IDRC-142e Intercropping with cassava : proceedings of an international workshop held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov-i Dec 1978. Ottawa, Ont. IDRC, 1979. 144 p.: ill. /IDRC publication!, !conference paper!, !cassava!, /intercropping!, !crop diversification!, !agricultural research!, /research centres!, !Latin America/, !Asia!, !Africa/ - !agricultural management!, !plant protection!, /soil fertility!, /economic aspects!, !CIAT!, !IRRI/, !agricultural statistics!, bibliography. UDC: 631.584:635.23 ISBN: 0-88936-231-9 Microfiche edition available IDRC- 142e Intercropping with Cassava Proceedings of an international workshop held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov-i Dec 1978 Editors: Edward Weber,' Barry Nestel,2 and Marilyn Campbell3 Cosponsored by the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Indian Council for Agricultural Research) and the International Development Research Centre 1Senior Program Officer, Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences Division. IDRC. 2Consultant to the AFNS Division of IDRC. 3Communications Division, IDRC. Contents Foreword Edward Weber and Barry Nestel 5 Multiple cropping cassava and field beans: status of present work at the International Centre of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) M. Thung and J.H. Cock 7 Intercropping with cassava in Central America Raüf A. Moreno and Robert D. Hart 17 Cassava intercropping in Brazil Marcio Carvaiho Marques Porto, Pedro Alves de Almeida, Pedro Luiz Pires de Mattos, and Raymundo Fonséca Souza 25 Intercropping systems with cassava in Kerala State, India C.R. Mohan Kumar and N. Hrishi 31 Cassava intercropping patterns and management practices in Indonesia Suryatna Effendi 35 Cassava intercropping patterns and management practices at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India C.R. Muthukrishnan and S. Thamburaj 37 Cassava intercropping patterns and practices in Malaysia W.Y. Chew 43 Intercropping with cassava in Africa W. N. 0. Ezeilo 49 Cassava and cassava-based intercrop systems in Thailand Sophon Sinthuprama 57 Cassava intercropping research: agroclimatic and biological interactions H.G. Zandstra 67 Soil fertility implications of cropping patterns and practices for cassava Jerry L. McIntosh and Suryatna Effendi 77 Agroeconomic considerations in cassava intercropping research J.C. Flinn 87 Agronomic implications of cassavalegume intercropping systems Dietrich E. Leihner 103 Crop protection implications of cassava intercropping RaülA.Moreno 113 Discussion summary 129 Bibliography 133 Participants 141 2 Intercropping with Cassava in Africa W.N.O. Ezeilo' International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria In Africa, cassava-growing areas are locatedble yields, though this can change in accordance from Senegal in the west, through Nigeria and Zaire,with population densities and socioeconomic and east to Malagasy and from 15°N-15°S latitude,agricultural conditions. according to de Viliers (1965). Optimum production Cassava is an important food for man and animals requires an annual rainfall of 1000-2000 mm; av- in the producing areas and is now being traded on erage annual temperatures of 25-29 °C; daylengthsthe international market. The attributes of cassava not greater than 15 hours; altitudes less than 2000in indigenous farming systems include: high yield m above sea level; and freely draining sandy loamcompared to other crops per unit of time and land soils dominated by oxisols, ultisols, and alfisols.(de Vries et al. 1967); a long planting season (8 The diversity of cassava cropping systems in themonths) allowing for greater flexibility in work lowland humid tropics is based on high populationschedules; and good storage properties in the densities, personal tastes, economic and politicalground. Additionally, cassava is well adapted to a factors, and the overall level of technological de-wide range of ecological conditions (Jones 1959), velopment and resource availability. and is valued for its drought tolerance and ability to Cassava is grown not only as a sole crop but isgrow in suboptimal soils. often mixed intercropped (i.e., grown simulta- Philips (1974) forecasts cassava deficits and car- neously with one or more different crops on the samebohydrate shortages for some African countries by field with no distinct row arrangement) or relay in-1980. The prospects of increasing cassava produc- tercropped (i.e., grown with one or more differenttion and achieving self-sufficiency in the consumer crops simultaneously during part of the life cycle ofnations of Africa will be enhanced by the intro- each crop). duction of improvements based on an understanding Statistics on intercropped cassava tend to be of the mechanics, economics, advantages, and dis- underestimated, especially if the shorter term an- advantages of traditional systems. nuals planted with cassava have been harvested be- fore the data have been collected. The number of plants in the intercrop is highly variable. On many Cassava in Traditional Farming Systems family farms, sole cropping is dominant in the outer fields, while intercropping reaches its maximum Cassava, a long-duration crop (9-18 months), is complexity in the compound garden where cassava suited to intercropping with shorter-duration crops and other annual staples, vegetables, and perennial (2-5 months) such as maize, cowpeas, melons, and fruit trees are intercropped. Farm size tends to vary leaf vegetables. These crops mature when the cas- between 1 and 4 ha in both the rain forest and sa- sava is just attaining its maximum leaf area devel- vannah areas. Although there is a preponderance of opment and is initiating an increased rate of bulking larger farms in the drier savannahs, the number ofin its roots. As reported by Andrews (1970 and plants in cassava mixed croppings tends to decrease. 1975) and Kassam and Stockinger (1973), the yields Although intercropping is widely practiced, the pat- of relay and intercropping systems are highest when terns are location-specific, especially in the range there is a competition gap between the periods when of crop species that may be intercropped. A tradi- the crops involved are making maximum demands tional farming practice, intercropping provides sta- on environmental resources (light, nutrients, and 'National Accelerated Food Production Project (NAFPP)moisture). Coordinator, National Cassava Center, National Root In southern Nigeria, cassava is often intercropped Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria. with principal staples, such as yams, cocoyams, and 49 maize, and subsidiary crops, such as okra (Hibiscus and the dominance of cassava in terminal crop esculentus), melons (Colocynthis vulgaris), leaf sequences. vegetables (Telfairia occidentalis and Corchorus olitorus), and beans (Sphenosty1is stenocarpa and Vigna unguiculata). Cassava and intercrops are also Cassava tntercropping Research at IITA grown with oil palms and rubber and cocoa trees. The sequence of intercropping with cassava is based on the compatibility of species in the mixture The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture that can produce reasonable yields in relation to soil (IITA) is now emphasizing intercropping systems fertility and environmental conditions during thethat produce good yields, maintain soil fertility, and cropping cycle. Examples of cassava crop combi-minimize disease and pest buildup (IITA 1975). nations and sequences from Nigeria, Sierra Leone, The first stage in the IITA strategy was the use of Liberia, and Zaire are summarized in Fig. 1-5village-level studies of traditional farming systems (Floyd 1969). With the exception of Liberia andto determine dominant crop mixtures, planting pat- Sierra Leone, where cassava is intercropped withterns, practices, and productivity of land and labour upland rice (Spencer 1973), it may be concluded that in various ecological zones. The studies also ex- cassava intercropping systems in West Africa andamined farmers' attitudes, experience, and con- Zaire (de Schlippe 1956; Reining 1970) are similarstraints, as well as the possibility of increasing prof- in production techniques, diversity of crops grown, itability in a given area (Ezeilo et al. 1975). Maize Planting Rice Transplanting Volunteer crop 1. Planting period 2. Growing period 3. Harvesting period A B _Double cropping ot crops A & B Perennial or Biennial crop not yet harvested or stopped growing Double harvesting Leaf Final fruit harvest harvesting Mixed cropping A & B grown mixed B in the same plot Relay cropping A A planted through
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toward Improving Photosynthesis in Cassava: Characterizing Photosynthetic Limitations in Four Current African Cultivars
    Received: 19 June 2017 | Revised: 16 February 2018 | Accepted: 20 February 2018 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.130 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars Amanda P. De Souza1 | Stephen P. Long1,2 1Departments of Crop Sciences and Plant Biology, Carl R Woese Institute for Abstract Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Despite the vast importance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for smallholder Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA farmers in Africa, yields per unit land area have not increased over the past 55 years. 2 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Genetic engineering or breeding for increased photosynthetic efficiency may repre- University, Lancaster, UK sent a new approach. This requires the understanding of limitations to photosynthesis Correspondence within existing germplasm. Here, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf carbon and Stephen P. Long, Departments of Crop nitrogen content, and nonstructural carbohydrates content and growth were analyzed Sciences and Plant Biology, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University in four high- yielding and farm- preferred African cultivars: two landraces (TME 7, of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, TME 419) and two improved lines (TMS 98/0581 and TMS 30572). Surprisingly, IL, USA. A Email: [email protected] the two landraces had, on average, 18% higher light-saturating leaf CO2 uptake ( sat) than the improved lines due to higher maximum apparent carboxylation rates of Funding information Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Grant/ Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and regeneration of ribulose- 1,5- biphosphate ex- Award Number: OPP1060461 pressed as electron transport rate (Jmax). TME 419 also showed a greater intrinsic water use efficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Cassava Plant Guide
    Plant Guide Food products: There are hydrocyanic glucosides CASSAVA (HCN) in all parts of the plant; these glucosides are Manihot esculenta Crantz removed by peeling the roots and boiling in water. Plant symbol = MAES The young tender leaves are used as a potherb, containing high levels of protein and vitamins C and Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data A. The leaves are prepared in a similar manner as Center spinach, while eliminating toxic compounds during the cooking process. Cassava flour is used to make cookies, quick breads, loaf breads, pancakes, doughnuts, dumplings, muffins, and bagels. Cassava extracted juice is fermented into a strong liquor called kasiri. It also can be concentrated and sweetened until it becomes dark viscous syrup called kasripo (casareep). This syrup has antiseptic properties and is used for flavoring. The peeled roots of the sweet variety are usually eaten cooked or baked. Livestock: Cassava leaves and stem meal are used for feeding dairy cattle. Both fresh and dried cassava roots are consumed by ruminants in different forms (chopped, sliced, or ground). Cassava bushes three to four months old are harvested as forage for cattle and other ruminants. Lincoln Moore. 2005 USDA NRCS Ornamental: One clone with variegated leaves is planted as an ornamental. Alternate Names Synonyms: Jatropha manihot L., Janipha manihot Commercial: Cassava starch is used in the production (L.) Kunth, Manihot utilissima Poh, Manihot aipi of paper, textiles, and as monosodium glutamate Poh, Manihot manihot (L.) Cockerell, Manihot (MSG), an important flavoring agent in Asian melanobasis Muell. Arg. cooking. In Africa, cassava is used as partial substitution for wheat flour.
    [Show full text]
  • Food-Based Dietary Guidelines Around the World: Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries
    nutrients Review Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries Concetta Montagnese 1,*, Lidia Santarpia 2,3, Fabio Iavarone 2, Francesca Strangio 2, Brigida Sangiovanni 2, Margherita Buonifacio 2, Anna Rita Caldara 2, Eufemia Silvestri 2, Franco Contaldo 2,3 and Fabrizio Pasanisi 2,3 1 Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy 2 Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.R.C.); [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (F.P.) 3 Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +0039-081-746-2333 Received: 28 April 2019; Accepted: 10 June 2019; Published: 13 June 2019 Abstract: In Eastern Mediterranean countries, undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies coexist with overnutrition-related diseases, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Many Mediterranean countries have produced Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to provide the general population with indications for healthy nutrition and lifestyles. This narrative review analyses Eastern Mediterranean countries’ FBDGs and discusses their pictorial representations, food groupings and associated messages on healthy eating and behaviours. In 2012, both the WHO and the Arab Center for Nutrition developed specific dietary guidelines for Arab countries. In addition, seven countries, representing 29% of the Eastern Mediterranean Region population, designated their national FBDGs.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Research
    V O L U M E -III Glimpses of CCRAS Contributions (50 Glorious Years) MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Glimpses of CCRAS contributions (50 Glorious years) VOLUME-III MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll © Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi - 110058 First Edition - 2018 Publisher: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, J. L. N. B. C. A. H. Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110 058, E-mail: [email protected], Website : www.ccras.nic.in ISBN : 978-93-83864-27-0 Disclaimer: All possible efforts have been made to ensure the correctness of the contents. However Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, shall not be accountable for any inadvertent error in the content. Corrective measures shall be taken up once such errors are brought
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Profile of Cultivated and Wild Jute (Corchorus) Species
    AJCS 7(13):1973-1982 (2013) ISSN:1835-2707 Nutritional profile of cultivated and wild jute (Corchorus) species Shashi Bhushan Choudhary1*, Hariom Kumar Sharma1, Pran Gobinda Karmakar1, A. Anil Kumar1 Amit Ranjan Saha2, Pranab Hazra3, Bikas Singha Mahapatra2 1Crop Improvement Division, Central Research Institute for jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF), Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120 West Bengal, India 2Crop Production Division, Central Research Institute for jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF), Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120 West Bengal, India 3Department of Vegetable Crop, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, Kolkata, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Traditionally jute is cultivated for bast (phloem) fibre production. But in rural belts of Asian, African and European countries, tender leaves from young jute plants are consumed as green leafy vegetable. With a view to have knowledge of nutritional aspect of jute leaf, an experiment was conducted with 17 genotypes belonging to six jute species namely, Corchorus fascicularis, C. trilocularis, C. aestuans, C. tridens, C. capsularis and C. olitorius. These genotypes were assessed for growth (leaf area, foliage yield) and nutritional (crude protein, potassium, iron and β-carotene content) parameters. C. olitorius genotypes were found to be best performer for all the parameters except iron content, for which C. aestuans outperformed others. C. olitorius cv. JRO-204 had highest leaf area (23.9 x 10-4 m2) and foliage yield (276.67 kg/ha) vis a vis good amount of protein (3.79%), iron (67.93 mg/kg), β-carotene (51.0 mg/kg) and potassium (4400 mg/kg). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for all the parameters which indicate that these traits are governed by additive type of gene action; hence selection may be effective for improvement of these traits.
    [Show full text]
  • What Makes Premium Cassava Flour Special?
    2018 E-zine Coverage What Makes Premium Cassava Flour Special? Manufacturers of baked goods with the development of adopted starch manufacturing and snack foods differentiate delicious, high-quality baked technology and since produced in the crowded marketplace goods and snack foods. and sold only tapioca starch by offering specialty products and a number of them that speak to today’s FBN: What is cassava? continued to refer to this consumers’ wants and needs. new ingredient as tapioca Some of the most frequently Mr. Festejo: Cassava, also flour. Tapioca flour, or more requested products are those commonly known as yucca or appropriately, cassava flour, is with gluten-free, grain-free and manioc, is a perennial woody still produced and consumed non-GMO claims. shrub with an edible root that in tropical countries where the grows in tropical and subtropical cassava plant is indigenously Food Business News spoke with areas of the world. While many grown. However, the quality and Mel Festejo, COO of AKFP to food professionals are familiar characteristics of the flour are learn how Premium Cassava with and have used tapioca adapted only to native dishes Flour, alone or in a mix, assists starches and like derivatives, few in these countries. These local know that tapioca’s raw material cassava flours are not well is the root of the cassava plant. suited for use in gluten-free Tapioca or cassava starch is baked goods and snack foods. produced by the extraction of Our proprietary technology is only the starch component of making cassava flour a highly the root. Tapioca or cassava suitable functional, nutritional, flour, on the other hand, requires clean-label ingredient for gluten- the processing of the whole free and even grain-free baking peeled root.
    [Show full text]
  • Corchorus L. and Hibiscus L.: Molecular Phylogeny Helps to Understand Their Relative Evolution and Dispersal Routes
    Corchorus L. and Hibiscus L.: Molecular Phylogeny Helps to Understand Their Relative Evolution and Dispersal Routes Arif Mohammad Tanmoy1, Md. Maksudul Alam1,2, Mahdi Muhammad Moosa1,3, Ajit Ghosh1,4, Waise Quarni1,5, Farzana Ahmed1, Nazia Rifat Zaman1, Sazia Sharmin1,6, Md. Tariqul Islam1, Md. Shahidul Islam1,7, Kawsar Hossain1, Rajib Ahmed1 and Haseena Khan1* 1Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. 2Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. 3Graduate Studies in Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. 4Plant Molecular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India. 5Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA. 6Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan. 7Breeding Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. ABSTRACT: Members of the genera Corchorus L. and Hibiscus L. are excellent sources of natural fibers and becoming much important in recent times due to an increasing concern to make the world greener. The aim of this study has been to describe the molecular phylogenetic relationships among the important members of these two genera as well as to know their relative dispersal throughout the world. Monophyly of Corchorus L. is evident from our study, whereas paraphyletic occurrences have been identified in case of Hibiscus L.
    [Show full text]
  • Finger Millet"
    Background on the development of the "Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of finger millet" The development of the strategy involved the following main steps: • The finger millet strategy was initiated in December, 2009 and discussions took place with international, regional and national partners through email discussions whereby a survey questionnaire was finalized for circulation. • Information and data were gathered using databases such as GENESYS (www.genesys- pgr.org), FAO-WIEWS (http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/wiews.jsp?i_l=EN), SINGER (http://singer.cgiar.org/), EURISCO (http://eurisco.ecpgr.org/) and GBIF); reports and other information resources on the holdings of finger millet genepools and additional inventory of collections. • Identification of major germplasm collections of finger millet based on information collected above were identified along with Institutes and their respective contact persons to undertake the survey. • Survey questionnaire was designed in consultation with experts and survey was undertaken to gather information on collections, content and status of conservation in January, 2011 and information was received from 56 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe and Americas. • After receiving information from the survey, a draft report was finalized and circulated to all the partners for their feedback. • The consultation meeting was organized on December 23, 2011 to discuss the draft report where participants from India, Kenya, Uganda, Mali, and Senegal participated. Based on their input, the final report was prepared for submission. Coordinator: Much of the development of the finger millet strategy was coordinated by Dr. P N Mathur ([email protected]), South Asia Coordinator at Bioversity International in consultation with Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Save and Grow: Cassava
    Chapter 7 Harvest, post-harvest and value addition Food for the household, feed for livestock, and raw material for a wide array of value-added products, from coarse flour to high-tech starch gels – cassava is a truly multipurpose crop. Chapter 7: Harvest, Post-harvest and Value Addition 89 ne of the major positive attributes of cassava is that it does not have a specific harvesting period. Roots may be harvested any time be- tween six months and two years after planting. During periods of food shortage, they can be harvested Owhenever needed, often one plant – or even one root – at a time. For human consumption, harvesting usually takes place at about 8 to 10 months; for industrial uses, a longer growing period generally produces a higher root and starch yield. Once harvested, roots can be consumed directly by the farm household, fed to livestock or sold for processing into a wide array of value-added products, ranging from coarse flour to high-tech modified starch gels. The root is not the only part of the plant that can be put to good use. In Africa, cassava leaves are cooked as a vegetable. In many countries, the green part of the upper stem, including leaves and petioles, are fed to cattle and buffaloes, while the leaf-blades are fed to pigs and chickens. In China, Thailand and Viet Nam, fresh leaves are used for raising silkworms. Stumps are burned as fuelwood, and woody stems are ground-up and used as a substrate for growing mushrooms. Harvesting roots and plant tops Bringing home the harvest.
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Corchorus Olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil
    plants Article Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil Sibongokuhle Ndlovu 1, Rajasekhar V.S.R. Pullabhotla 2 and Nontuthuko R. Ntuli 1,* 1 Department of Botany, University of Zululand (Main Campus), Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand (Main Campus), Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-35-902-6105 Received: 11 August 2020; Accepted: 3 September 2020; Published: 14 September 2020 Abstract: Corchorus olitorius, a leafy vegetable with high nutrient content, is normally collected from the wild, in areas that are prone to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. However, studies on how Cd accumulation affects vegetative and reproductive traits of leafy vegetables in South Africa are limited. Therefore, this study tested the effect of Cd accumulation on C. olitorius morphological traits. Plants were grown under various Cd concentrations and studied for variation in vegetative and reproductive traits as well as accumulation in roots and shoots. Plants exposed to 5 mg/kg Cd had longer roots with higher moisture content, heavier fresh and dried stems, as well as dried leaves, which indicated a hormetic effect in C. olitorius after exposure to low Cd concentration in the soil. Again, plants treated with 5–10 mg/kg Cd, accumulated toxic (>10 mg/kg dry weight) Cd within shoots and roots, with minor morphological alterations. Plants could survive, with some morphological defects, Cd toxicity up to 20 mg/kg in soil. Only plants exposed to 5 mg/kg could reproduce.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study of Discrimination of Remotely Sensed Data for Designing the Separation Technique Between Cassava and Sugarcane Farmland
    The Study of Discrimination of Remotely Sensed Data for Designing the Separation Technique between Cassava and Sugarcane Farmland Anuphao Aobpaet a and Soravis Supavetch Department of Civil Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Keywords: Cassava, Sugarcane, Remote Sensing for Agriculture. Abstract: Cassava and sugarcane are the most important agricultural crops in Thailand. The cultivations of those are similarly in crop season, natural resources, and climate. For decades, the farmers usually switch their plant depending on unit price and government subsidy. The use of remote sensing data for monitoring change in farmland has encountered a problem on the similarity of vegetation index and the seasonal variation. In this work, we investigate the significant differences between cassava and sugarcane plantation by using satellite data from two sensors systems (Optical and SAR sensor) from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites. The result of the sampling fields of cassava shows the fluctuation of the growth and the mean of SAVI is slightly lower than sugarcane at the same age. SAVI values over the cassava farmland seem to approach the homogeneity of sugarcane when the age of more than 11 months. Thus, the difference between cassava and sugarcane farmland using this method should be investigated on the growth stage of the age between 4-9 months. For SAR polarization, the VV, VH of SAR backscatters have little difference in cassava and sugarcane. When compare the backscatters value of VV and VH from cassava and sugarcane, the sigma0 values in dB show that VV backscatters have a higher signal return. The variation of VH polarization of cassava and sugarcane seem difficult to identify due to the diversity of signal targets.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Cooking on the Phenolic, Flavonoids Content and the Antioxidant Activity of Corchorus Olitorius (Molokhia) and Malava Parviflora (Mallow) Leaves
    Journal of Academic Research (Applied Sciences), VOL.19, July 2021 22 Impact of cooking on the phenolic, flavonoids content and the antioxidant activity of Corchorus Olitorius (Molokhia) and Malava Parviflora (Mallow) leaves Article information Abstract Key words In this study the total phenolics content expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was Phenolic, flavonoids, higher in raw mallow leaves (459 mg GAE/100g DW) than in raw Jew's mallow leaves Jew’s mallow, mallow, (339 mg GAE/100g DW). Results showed that, the concentration of total flavonoids in antioxidant. Jew’s mallow was: 189, 163, 156 in raw, cooked and aqueous extract respectively. Whereas were in mallow as following: 188 in raw mallow, 174 in cooked mallow and Received 15 June 2021, 165 in aqueous extract. The antioxidant activity of raw and cooked Jew’s mallow and Accepted 1 July 2021, mallow leaves and their aqueous phenolic extracts were: 2.947±0.09, 3.315±0.05, Available online 3 July 2021 9.4±0.04, 2.076±0.09, 2.440±0.02, 5.9±0.03, respectively. Phenolic compounds in raw and cooked Jew's mallow and mallow leaves (mg/ 100g on dry weight basis) were: 2.2376 in raw Jew’s mallow, 1.9918 in cooked Jew’s mallow, 9.563 in raw mallow, 6.9432 in cooked mallow. (Yang et al. (2008)., Oboh et al. (2012)). Ozturk and I. INTRODUCTION Savaroglu (2012) reported that Jew's mallow leaves methanolic extract contains 42.1mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /g of total phenolics. Azuma et al. (1999) Phenolic compounds are one of the largest and diversified identified six phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, 3.5 groups of phytochemical compounds ubiquitous in the plants, with more than 8000 phenolic compounds dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin 3- (Trabelsi et al., 2013).
    [Show full text]