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Redalyc.EFFECT of SOYBEAN PLANT POPULATIONS on YIELD Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems E-ISSN: 1870-0462 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán México Mbah, E .U.; Ogidi, E. EFFECT OF SOYBEAN PLANT POPULATIONS ON YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CASSAVA AND SOYBEAN GROWN IN A CASSAVA-BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol. 15, núm. 2, mayo-agosto, 2012, pp. 241-248 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93924497006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15 (2012) : 241 - 248 EFFECT OF SOYBEAN PLANT POPULATIONS ON YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CASSAVA AND SOYBEAN GROWN IN A CASSAVA- BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM [EFECTO DE LAS POBLACIONES DE PLANTAS DE SOYA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y PRODUCTIVIDAD DE YUCA Y SOYA CRECIDAS EN UN SISTEMA INTERCALADO BASADO EN YUCA] E .U. Mbaha* and E. Ogidib aDepartment of Crop Production Technology, Federal College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7008, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] bDepartment of Biological Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. *Corresponding author SUMMARY RESUMEN Intercropping cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), Las poblaciones de plantas en el cultivo de yuca with varying soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plant intercalado (Manihot esculenta Crantz) con populations may influence not only the performance variedades de soya [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] podrían of the component crops but also the residual nitrogen influenciar el rendimiento de los componentes del contribution to the cropping system. The treatment cultivo y el suministro de nitrógeno residual al scheme was cassava fixed at 100% of its sole crop sistema de cultivo. El esquema de tratamiento population of 10,000 plants ha-1 while soybean was consistió en yuca fijado en 100% de una sola varied at 25, 50, 75 and 100% of its sole crop población de 10,000 plantas ha-1 mientras que la de population of 266,000 plants ha-1, representing soya fue variada en 25,50,75 y 100% de una sola 66,500; 133,000; 199,500 and 266,000 plants ha-1, población de 266,000 plantas ha-1 representando respectively. The experiment was laid out in a 66,500; 133,000; 199,500 y 266,000 plantas ha-1 randomized complete block design with three respectivamente. El rendimiento de tubérculos frescos replicates. Fresh tuber yield in cassava increased as de yuca se incrementó conforme la población de soya soybean population increased to the highest amount incrementó, mientras que el número de vainas por used in the study while number of pods plant-1 and planta-1 y peso de la semilla por planta-1disminuyó en seed weight plant-1 in soybean were depressed by la soya por el intercalado en las dos temporadas. Sin intercropping in the two cropping seasons. However, embargo el rendimiento de grano en la soya se soybean grain yield was significantly increased with aumento con el incremento en la población debido al increase in population due to higher aggregate plant número de plantas que fueron agregadas por unidad populations per unit area in the intercrop. Averaged de área en el intercalado. Promediando después de las over the two cropping seasons, productivity showed dos temporadas, la productividad demostró que el that cassava/soybean intercrop, especially at the intercalado de yuca/soya, especialmente en la más highest soybean population gave the highest yield alta población dio el más alto rendimiento en advantage in terms of total land equivalent ratio, términos de total de tierra equivalente (2.00), (2.00), land equivalent coefficient (2.41), crop yield coeficiente de tierra (2.41), equivalente de equivalent for cassava (31.07 t ha-1) and for soybean rendimiento de cultivo para yuca (31.07 t ha-1) y para (2.25 t ha-1), monetary equivalent ratio (1.56), total la soya (2.25 t ha-1), proporción monetaria (1.56), gross monetary returns (N170,311.52) and total net recuperación monetaria bruta (N170,311.52), y la profit (N74,488.02). This implies that for maximum ganancia total neta (N74,488.02). Esto implica que financial returns, additive intercropping of cassava para una recuperación máxima, intercalados de yuca and soybean at 100% cassava + 100% soybean is y soya en 100% de yuca mas 100% de soya es recommended because of improved productivity of recomendado porque mejora la productividad del the system as well as bonus yield and improved sistema así como también mejora el rendimiento y health of the farmers from the associated soybean mejora las condiciones de los agricultores debido a la component are achieved. asociación del componente soya. Keywords: Cassava; Manihot esculenta Crantz; Palabras clave: Yuca; Manihot esculenta Crantz, soybean; Glycine max; intercropping; plant Soya; Glycine max; Intercalado; Población de plantas; populations; productivity. Productividad. 241 Mbah and Ogidi 2012 INTRODUCTION at Longitude 07o 33' E, Latitude 05o 29' N, altitude 122 m in the humid low lands of southeastern Growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the Nigeria. The area has two distinct seasons – the dry same field in different but proximate stands is a season (November – April) and the wet season (May common sustainable crop production system in the – October). The mean annual rainfall of the humid tropics (Fageria, 1992, Willey, 1979). It has experimental site was 2,179.5 mm (2001/02) and been shown to be more efficient in resource 2,069.3 mm (2002/03) and displays a bimodal pattern utilization, and improves the overall ecology of the that is characteristics of southern part of West Africa. system (Babatunde, 2000) as well as increases The mean monthly temperature during the two monetary returns to the farmers (Mbah et al., 2009). cropping seasons ranged from a mean minimum of According to Olasantan and Lucas, (1992) the 25.0 o C to a mean maximum of 28.5 o C. The architecture and height of crop canopy as well as days vegetation is rainforest, although much has been to utilization of soil and aerial environment of the degraded to secondary forest and fallow. The top soil plants properly contribute to the competitiveness and of the location is a sandy loam characterized as ultisol performance of component crops in intercropping. (paleustult). The pre-planting soil analysis (0 – 15 Furthermore, the penetration of light into plant stand cm) of the experimental sites is presented in Table 1. is diminished through interception and absorption by the leaves and other parts of the shoot systems. A low branching cassava variety (TMS 30572) was obtained from National Root Crops Research Institute Hence, in an intercropping system, light utilization by (NRCRI), Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria, while a leaf and crop surfaces determine the potential shares medium maturing soybean variety (TGX-1440-IE) of the light that are gained by the component crops. obtained from International Institute of Tropical Introducing legumes, including, soybean into Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria were cassava-based cropping systems in the humid tropics used for the study. There were six treatments fitted of south east Nigeria is gaining increased attention into a randomized complete block design with three because soybean fix atmospheric nitrogen and replications. The experiment was carried out under produce proteins, while cassava deplete the soil the following treatment scheme: nitrogen and give carbohydrates. 1. 100 % sole cassava, (10,000 plants ha-1) Cassava and soybean mixtures improve the diet of 2. 100 % sole soybean, (266,000 Plants ha-1) farmers as well as the soils of their farms. This study 3. 100 % sole cassava + 25 % sole soybean was initiated purposely to evaluate the effects of 4. 100 % sole cassava + 50 % sole soybean increasing soybean plant density on growth, yield and 5. 100 % sole cassava + 75 % sole soybean biological productivity of the crop species in the 6. 100 % sole cassava + 100 % sole soybean mixture as well as to assess the appropriate soybean plant density in cassava/soybean mixture. The sole of the component crops were established as control for assessing productivity of the system. The MATERIALS AND METHODS Plot size was 4 x 5 m (20 m-2) with 0.50 m inter-plot and 1.00 m inter-block spaces. Cassava and soybean Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching were planted the same day on 5 m long ridges made 1 and Research Farm, Michael Okpara University of m apart. Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State. The study area lies Table 1: Pre-planting soil analysis of experimental sites in 2001/02 and 2002/03 cropping seasons. Soil Property Values 2001/02 2002/03 Soil texture Sandy loam pH 1:1 (soil:water) 5.20 4.50 % organic carbon 1.16 1.10 % Total N 0.10 0.13 % organic matter 2.16 2.32 Available P Cmol./kg 19.0 17.0 Exchangeable Ca2+ Cmol./kg 2.40 1.20 Exchangeable k Cmol./kg 0.17 0.20 Effective CEC Cmol./kg 4.62 6.24 242 Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15 (2012) : 241 - 248 Cassava cuttings were planted slanting (45°) on the Land equivalent coefficient, (LEC) = crest of the ridges, one meter apart at the LA x LB recommended sole plant population of 10,000 plants ha-1 while soybean seeds were sown, three seeds Where, stand-1 at the varying plant populations as shown in LA = LER of main crop (Cassava) the treatment scheme. Missing stands of cassava LB = LER of intercrop, (Adetiloye et al., 1983). were supplied while soybean seedlings were thinned to achieve one plant stand-1 2 weeks after planting (WAP).
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