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A History of the Higher Education of Negroes in the State of Louisiana. David Coughlin Marshall Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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A History of the Higher Education of Negroes in the State of Louisiana. David Coughlin Marshall Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1956 A History of the Higher Education of Negroes in the State of Louisiana. David Coughlin Marshall Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Marshall, David Coughlin, "A History of the Higher Education of Negroes in the State of Louisiana." (1956). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 151. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/151 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyrighted by David Coughlin Marshall 1957 A HISTORY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF NEGROES IN THE STATE OF LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Education by David Coughlin Marshall, C. S. Sp. B. A., St. Mary»s Seminary, 1943 B. D., St. Mary»s Seminary, 1947 M. A., Duquesne University, 1950 June, 1956 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation to all those who contributed so generously to the preparation and writing of this study, but particularly to Dr. Lem.03 L. Fulmer, Associate Professor of Education and Right Reverend Monsignor Patrick Gillespie, Pastor of St. Agnes Church, Baton Rouge. Their encouragement and assistance can never be repaid. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENT........................... ii LIST OF TABLES........................................ vii ABSTRACT..................................... ix CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................ 1 The Problem.............................. 2 Statement of the problem * . 2 Delimitation of the problem.......... 3 Importance of the study............... 5 Definitions of Terms Used............... 6 Higher education ....... ........ 6 Negro institutions of higher education . 6 Integrated institutions of higher educa­ tion ............................. 7 Method of Procedure and Sources of Data. 7 Method of procedure. ............. 7 Sources of data....................... 8 II. MAJOR INFLUENCES ON THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF NEGROES IN L O U I S I A N A ............ 11 Reconstruction in Louisiana............. 13 Attitudes towards the Education of the Negro.................................. 23 The attitude of the North........ 23 The attitude of Louisiana whites .... 25 The attitude of Negro leaders.... 26 The attitude of the Federal Government . 2d Religious Contributions to Negro Higher Education in Louisiana ................. 40 The American Missionary Association. 44 The Freedments Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church ...... 45 The American Baptist Home Mission Society.............................. 46 Contributions of Organized Philanthropy to Negro Higher Education in Louisiana. • . 4d The George Peabody Fund............ .... 49 The John F. Slater Fund.......... 51 iii CHAPTER PAGE The General Education Board..................53 The Julius Rosenwald Foundation............. 54 The United Negro College Fund............... 55 The Rise of Secondary Education for Negroes in Louisiana ...... ................. 5 6 The Movement toward Critical Evaluation and Standardization. .......................... 59 The World Wars and Negro Higher Education. 6 4 III. PRIVATE NEGRO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN LOUISIANA.....................................67 Straight University............................ 67 Date and place of organization............. 6 7 Aim and purpose........... 71 Enrollment of students ...............71 The faculty...................................79 Means of support ....................83 Surveys and reports.......................... 6 6 New Orleans University ..................... 97 Date and place of organization............. 98 Aim and purpose............................. 100 Enrollment of s t u d e n t s ................... 100 The faculty..................................104 Means of support ............ 109 Surveys and reports......................... Ill Dillard University .......................... 116 Date and place of organization............ 116 Aim and purpose............................. 117 Enrollment of students..... ............... 117 The faculty................................. 120 Means of support ........................... 122 Leland College .................. 127 Date and place of organization..... 127 Aim and purpose............................. 129 Enrollment of students ............... 130 The faculty................................. 132 Means of support ........................... 135 Surveys and reports............ 1 3 8 Xavier University............................ 139 Date and place of organization..... 139 Aim and purpose............................. 140 Enrollment of students .......... 142 The faculty................................. 142 Means of support ........................... 145 Surveys and reports......................... 147 iv CHAPTER PAGE IV. PUBLIC NEGRO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCA­ TION AND THE OUT-OF-STATE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM....................................... 150 Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College .... ............. 151 Date and place of organization......... 151 Aim and purpose. ............. 153 Enrollment of students................. 154 The faculty.............................. 1 5 6 Means of s u p p o r t ....................... 160 Surveys and reports. ............ 160 Grambling College.......................... 165 Date and place of organization ..... 165 Aim and purpose. ..................... 167 Enrollment of students ................. 169 The faculty.......... 169 Means of s u p p o r t ........................ 171 Surveys and reports..................... 173 The Out-of-State Scholarship Program . 175 O r i g i n ................................ 176 Eligibility for scholarships ........... 177 Amount of scholarship grants ........... 177 Number and kind of grants m a d e ......... 179 V. INTEGRATED INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN LOUISIANA ................................ 162 Notre Dame Seminary........................ 162+ History....................... 162+ Admission of Negroes ................... I6 5 Louisiana State University and Agri­ cultural. and Mechanical College......... 166 History......................... 166 Admission of N e g r o e s ................... 167 College of Sacred Heart................... I6 9 History.............................. .. 169 Admission of N e g r o e s ................... 190 New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary . 190 History.................................. 190 Admission of N e g r o e s ................... 192 VI. SUMMARY...................................... 193 Date and place of organization........... 193 Aim and purpose............................ 194 Enrollment of students .......... 194 The faculty....................... 195 Means of support ........................ 196 Surveys and reports........................ 197 Summary.................................... 196 v PAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................... 199 APPENDIX............................................. 2 0 6 VITA. ............................................. 210 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I. Negro High Schools in Louisiana, 192 7-2 8 - 1953-5*4-.................................... 6 0 II. Enrollment Number and Percentage of College Students Compared with the Total Enroll­ ment at Straight University, 1870-1916 . 76 III. Number and Academic Degrees of Faculty Members at Straight University, 1871-1913* 61 IV. Regular Sources of Income, Straight Univer­ sity for Four Typical Years............ 89 V. Enrollment Number and Percentage of College Students Compared with the Total Enroll­ ment at New Orleans University, 1873-1935* 105 VI. Number and Academic Degrees of College Faculty Members at New Orleans University, 1873-1935.................................. 107 VTI. Number of Graduates and Total Enrollment, Dillard University, 1935-36 to 1 9 5 3-5 *4- • • 119 VIII. Number and Academic Degrees of Faculty Members, Dillard University, 1 9 3 5-1 9 5*4- • • 121 IX. Number of College Students Compared with the Total Enrollment at Leland College, I8 9 6- 1953 ...................................... 131 X. Number and Academic Degrees of Faculty Members, Leland College, 1 8 9 6-1 9 5*4- .... 134 XI. Enrollment of College Students in Regular and Summer Sessions, Xavier University, 1926-1954.................................. 143 XII. Number and Academic Degrees of Faculty Members, Xavier University, 1934^1954* • • 144 XIII. Enrollment of College Students, Southern University, 1925-1954..................... 157 vii TABLE PAGE XIV. Number and Academic Degrees of Faculty Members at Southern University by Five- Year Periods, 1924-1954................. 159 XV. Major Sources of Income, Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 1 9 2 5 - 2 6 to 1953-54........................161 XVI. Enrollment of College Students, Grambling College, 1944-1954........................170 XVII. Number and Academic Degrees of Faculty Members, Grambling College, 1937-1954 • • • 172 XVIII. Major Sources of Income, Grambling College, 1942-1953 .................................
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