DOCSLIB.ORG

The Social and Political Thought of Saunders Lewis Emyr Williams

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Social and Political Thought of Saunders Lewis Emyr Williams The Social and Political Thought of Saunders Lewis Emyr Williams A dissertation submitted at the School of European Studies, Cardiff University, in candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Cardiff University. 1 UMI Number: U584622 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U584622 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract Located within the embryonic discipline of Welsh political thought, this thesis seeks to identify, explore and analyse the central ideas apparent in the political thought of John Saunders Lewis. It utilises key texts authored by Saunders Lewis with which to focus upon these ideas, and these texts and their inherent ideas form the basis of the earlier chapters. The thesis operates employing a ‘History of Ideas’ methodology. The introduction sections seek to locate the contemporary need for a study such as this, and also provide some background and context to Saunders Lewis’ political thought. Noting that political ideas are not monolithic and free-standing, ideas and thinkers that influenced Saunders Lewis are also identified and analysed before engaging with his authored texts directly. The latter chapters of this thesis seek to examine the ideas of Saunders Lewis that are relevant to the contemporary theory context. The thesis culminates with an analysis of Saunders Lewis’ nationalism employing contemporary nationalism analysis paradigms. A counter-critique of these paradigms is also performed employing Saunders Lewis’ nationalism. The central ideas of Saunders Lewis are examined, namely his political thought regarding Welsh history, nationhood, language, culture, state and their associated ideas. Whilst his ideas focus upon Wales and the Welsh societal and political experience, this thesis is also intended to be of use within the context of a wider investigation into nationalism, as well as to wider political theory. Despite the simplistic labelling of Saunders Lewis as a ‘radical conservative’, the analysis of his thought in this thesis reveals a far more complex thinker than this description would suggest, as he sought to combine an ideology of linguistic cultural preservation with a vision of national liberation. Contrary to Saunders Lewis’ definition of nationalism, this thesis employs as its investigative methodology the premise that nationalism is a fluid concept and phenomenon that interfaces and interacts with other left-right ideologies, thus enabling a critical overview of other nationalist positions in order to highlight and aid in the understanding of Saunders Lewis’ own concepts. 2 Declaration This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted1 in in c candidature for any degree \J, Signed (candidate) Date. Statement 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. Signed candidate) Date... .T. Statement 2 This thesis in the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sourcesj^acknowledged by explicit references. Signed *ir.. Date. 2 / h . Statement 3 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. _ £ Signed ^ -------- _ (candidate) Date. 2 ~ / & Statement 4: Previously Approved Bar On Access I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loans after expiry of a bar on access approved by the Graduate Development Committee. Signed (candidate) Date. 2 /6 o '? 3 Acknowledgements Firstly I would like to thank my parents for their gift of opportunity in life, and without whom I would have been unable to undertake this thesis. I thank my father, Brian Williams, for his financing of this thesis, and my mother, Anne Williams, for her patience and support. Secondly, I would like to thank Professor Bruce Haddock for his kind supervision. His knowledge of wider material proved invaluable. 4 Contents 1. Introduction Part I: Research Methodology and Theoretical Context 7 1.1. Methodology and Focus 7 1.2. Research Questions 15 1.3. Saunders Lewis in Theoretical Context 18 1.4. Contemporaiy Wales 22 1.5. Minority Nationalism and the Devolution Agenda 24 1.6. Theory and the Welsh Context 26 2. Introduction Part II: Saunders Lewis in Historical Context 32 2.1. Background and Upbringing 32 2.2. Nationalist Awakening 35 2.3. Inter-War Years 38 2.4. Post WWII Years 43 3. Intellectual Peers and Influences 47 3.1. T.S. Eliot 49 3.2. F.R. Leavis 60 3.3. T.E. Hulme 64 3.4. Distributism/ Guild Socialism 68 3.5. Jacques Maritain 75 3.6. Emrys ap Iwan 88 4. The Central Tenets: Principles o f Nationalism 98 4.1. Nation, Language, and Self-Government 98 4.2. A Retrospective and Appropriation of Welsh History 102 4.3. The Essential Characteristic 107 4.4. Summary 114 5. The Welsh Language: One Language for Wales 121 5.1. Language Rights and Political Theory 122 5.2. Language and Nationhood 125 5.3. Official Monolingualism 131 5.4. Criticism 139 5.5. Language and Political Nationalism 145 6. A Move Towards Individual Rights:Fate of the Language (1962) 151 6.1. A Change of Approach 151 6.2. A Historical Critique 156 6.3. Official Bilingualism 165 6.4. Political Legacy 173 7. A Social Vision for Wales: Canlyn Arthur (In the Footsteps of Arthur) 177 7.1. Political Economy 184 7.2. The Role of the State 189 7.3. The Organic Community 193 7.4. The Influence of Tomas Masaryk and the Czech example 201 7.5. Distributism, Guild Socialism andPerchentyaeth 205 7.6. Catholic Social Doctrine and Canlyn Arthur 212 5 8. Welsh Nationhood and British Law: The Caernarfon Court Speech 226 8.1. The Cultural Imperative 229 8.2. The Universal Law 234 9. A Neo-Medieval Europe: Aspects of Universalism and Particularity 241 9.1. State, Nation, and Sovereignty 244 9.2. Supranational Authority 249 9.3. Medieval Europe as a Political Ideal 252 9.4. The Nation (not State), as Moral Person 257 9.5. Normative Theory and Multi-Level Plural Governance 267 10. The Paradigms of Nationalism: An Analysis of Saunders Lewis’ Thought 275 10.1. Modernism 277 10.2. Primordialism 285 10.3. Perenialism 289 10.4. A Critique of the Modernist Paradigm 296 10.5. The Ethno-Symbolist Paradigm 300 11. Conclusion 310 Bibliography 317 Primary Source Material 317 Secondary Source Material 320 Wider Material 321 6 - 1- Introduction Part I: Research Methodology and Theoretical Context 1.1. Methodology and Focus. It is the intention of this thesis that the social and political thought of John Saunders Lewis be identified, analysed and presented to a wider political theory audience in a ‘history of ideas / political thought’ study format. In seeking to do so, Saunders Lewis’ political thought is considered in terms of a poltical theory terminology and conceptual framework, thus justifiying its value as an original study. Several of his ideas are deemed by the author to be of continuing relevance within the sphere of Welsh governance and wider normative theory. Hitherto, the vast majority of academic work and investigation has been conducted through the medium of Welsh, and has been focused on a primarily literary or biographical study of his work. A small amount of English-language academic study material exists on Plaid Cymru, and the Welsh nationalist movement in general. Some of these studies contain sections on the ideas that flow into its policies and that have shaped its key figures and thinkers, but none have dealt specifically with Saunders Lewis, or detailed his political thought extensively.1 On Saunders Lewis the individual, several excellent texts exist in the form of intellectual biographies, all of which deal with political elements, yet do not take his political thought as their sole interest.2 These biographies, whilst outlining his ideas well, are yet to appear in English and do not approach the subject matter from a ‘political theory’ or ‘history of ideas’ discipline. As a consequence they fail to deal with the deep political conceptual content contained therein. Other studies deal more explicitly with the ideas of Saunders Lewis, but it is from a cultural and literary theory angle. Yet again, Saunders Lewis’ expressly political thought is not the focus of these studies. The closest 1 Me Allister, Laura. (2001) Plaid Cymru: The Emergence of a Political Party. Bridgend. Seren. Davies, D. Hywel. (1983)The Welsh Nationalist Party 1925-45: A Call to Nationhood. Cardiff. Cardiff University Press. 2 Lloyd, D. Tecwyn.(\98&)John Saunders Lewis. Cyfrol 1.Denbigh. Gwasg Gee. Chapman, T. Robin. (2006) Un bywyd o blith nifer: cofiant Saunders Lewis. Llandysul. Gwasg Gomer. 3 Brooks, Simon. (2004) O Dan Lygaidy Gestapo: yr oleudigaeth a theori llenyddolyng Nghymru (Under the eyes of the Gestapo: the enlightenment and literary theory in Wales). Cardiff. University of Wales Press 7 study approaching what is attempted in this study is Richard Wyn Jones’ Rhoi Cymru’n Gyntaf: Syniadaeth Plaid Cymru. Cyfrol l 4 which appeared during the latter stages of the writing of this thesis. His excellent study investigates the ideas of several prominent figures and how these ideas have evolved during Plaid Cymru’s historical development.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role and Importance of the Welsh Language in Wales's Cultural Independence Within the United Kingdom
    The role and importance of the Welsh language in Wales’s cultural independence within the United Kingdom Sylvain Scaglia To cite this version: Sylvain Scaglia. The role and importance of the Welsh language in Wales’s cultural independence within the United Kingdom. Linguistics. 2012. dumas-00719099 HAL Id: dumas-00719099 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00719099 Submitted on 19 Jul 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DU SUD TOULON-VAR FACULTE DES LETTRES ET SCIENCES HUMAINES MASTER RECHERCHE : CIVILISATIONS CONTEMPORAINES ET COMPAREES ANNÉE 2011-2012, 1ère SESSION The role and importance of the Welsh language in Wales’s cultural independence within the United Kingdom Sylvain SCAGLIA Under the direction of Professor Gilles Leydier Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 WALES: NOT AN INDEPENDENT STATE, BUT AN INDEPENDENT NATION ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • “The Prophecies of Fferyll”: Virgilian Reception in Wales
    “The Prophecies of Fferyll”: Virgilian Reception in Wales Revised from a paper given to the Virgil Society on 18 May 2013 Davies Whenever I make the short journey from my home to Swansea’s railway station, I pass two shops which remind me of Virgil. Both are chemist shops, both belong to large retail empires. The name-boards above their doors proclaim that each shop is not only a “pharmacy” but also a fferyllfa, literally “Virgil’s place”. In bilingual Wales homage is paid to the greatest of poets every time we collect a prescription! The Welsh words for a chemist or pharmacist fferyllydd( ), for pharmaceutical science (fferylliaeth), for a retort (fferyllwydr) are – like fferyllfa,the chemist’s shop – all derived from Fferyll, a learned form of Virgil’s name regularly used by writers and poets of the Middle Ages in Wales.1 For example, the 14th-century Dafydd ap Gwilym, in one of his love poems, pic- tures his beloved as an enchantress and the silver harp that she is imagined playing as o ffyrf gelfyddyd Fferyll (“shaped by Virgil’s mighty art”).2 This is, of course, the Virgil “of popular legend”, as Comparetti describes him: the Virgil of the Neapolitan tales narrated by Gervase of Tilbury and Conrad of Querfurt, Virgil the magician and alchemist, whose literary roots may be in Ecl. 8, a fascinating counterfoil to the prophet of the Christian interpretation of Ecl. 4.3 Not that the role of magician and the role of prophet were so differentiated in the medieval mind as they might be today.
    [Show full text]
  • Wales Sees Too Much Through Scottish Eyes
    the welsh + Peter Stead Dylan at 100 Richard Wyn Jones and Roger Scully Do we need another referendum? John Osmond Learning from Mondragon Stuart Cole A railway co-op for Wales David Williams Sliding into poverty James Stewart A lost broadcasting service Peter Finch Wales sees too Talking to India Trevor Fishlock The virtues of left handednesss much through Osi Rhys Osmond Two lives in art Ned Thomas Scottish eyes Interconnected European stories M. Wynne Thomas The best sort of crank www.iwa.org.uk | Summer 2012 | No. 47 | £8.99 The Institute of Welsh Affairs gratefully acknowledges funding support from the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation and the Waterloo Foundation. The following organisations are corporate members: Public Sector Private Sector Voluntary Sector • Aberystwyth University • ABACA Limited • Aberdare & District Chamber • ACAS Wales • ACCA Cymru Wales of Trade & Commerce • Bangor University • Beaufort Research Ltd • Cardiff & Co • BBC Cymru Wales • BT • Cartrefi Cymru • British Waterways • Call of the Wild • Cartrefi Cymunedol Community • Cardiff & Vale College / Coleg • Castell Howell Foods Housing Cymru Caerdydd a’r Fro • CBI Wales • Community – the Union for Life • Cardiff Council • Core • Cynon Taf Community Housing Group • Cardiff School of Management • Darwin Gray • Disability Wales • Cardiff University • D S Smith Recycling • EVAD Trust • Cardiff University Library • Devine Personalised Gifts • Federation of Small Businesses Wales • Centre for Regeneration Excellence • Elan Valley Trust
    [Show full text]
  • Welsh-Medium and Bilingual Education
    WELSH-MEDIUM AND BILINGUAL EDUCATION CATRIN REDKNAP W. GWYN LEWIS SIAN RHIANNON WILLIAMS JANET LAUGHARNE Catrin Redknap leads the Welsh Language Board pre-16 Education Unit. The Unit maintains a strategic overview of Welsh-medium and bilingual education and training. Before joining the Board she lectured on Spanish and Sociolinguistics at the University of Cardiff. Gwyn Lewis lectures in the College of Education and Lifelong Learning at the University of Wales, Bangor, with specific responsibility for Welsh language education within the primary and secondary teacher training courses. A joint General Editor of Education Transactions, his main research interests include Welsh-medium and bilingual education, bilingualism and child language development. Sian Rhiannon Williams lectures on History at the University of Wales Institute Cardiff. Her research interests include the history of women in the teaching profession and other aspects of the history of education in Wales. Based on her doctoral thesis, her first book was a study of the social history of the Welsh language in industrial Monmouthshire. She has published widely on the history of Gwent and on women’s history in Wales, and has co- edited a volume on the history of women in the south Wales valleys during the interwar period. She is reviews editor of the Welsh Journal of Education. Janet Laugharne lectures in the Cardiff School of Education, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, and is the School’s Director of Research. She is interested in bilingualism and bilingual education and has written on this area in relation to Welsh, English and other community languages in Britain. She is one of the principal investigators for a project, commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government, to evaluate the implementation of the new Foundation Stage curriculum for 3-7 year-olds in Wales.
    [Show full text]
  • Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = the National Library of Wales Cymorth
    Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Cymorth chwilio | Finding Aid - Winifred Coombe Tennant Papers, (GB 0210 WINCOOANT) Cynhyrchir gan Access to Memory (AtoM) 2.3.0 Generated by Access to Memory (AtoM) 2.3.0 Argraffwyd: Mai 05, 2017 Printed: May 05, 2017 Wrth lunio'r disgrifiad hwn dilynwyd canllawiau ANW a seiliwyd ar ISAD(G) Ail Argraffiad; rheolau AACR2; ac LCSH Description follows ANW guidelines based on ISAD(G) 2nd ed.; AACR2; and LCSH https://archifau.llyfrgell.cymru/index.php/winifred-coombe-tennant-papers-2 archives.library .wales/index.php/winifred-coombe-tennant-papers-2 Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Allt Penglais Aberystwyth Ceredigion United Kingdom SY23 3BU 01970 632 800 01970 615 709 [email protected] www.llgc.org.uk Winifred Coombe Tennant Papers, Tabl cynnwys | Table of contents Gwybodaeth grynodeb | Summary information .............................................................................................. 3 Hanes gweinyddol / Braslun bywgraffyddol | Administrative history | Biographical sketch ......................... 3 Natur a chynnwys | Scope and content .......................................................................................................... 4 Trefniant | Arrangement .................................................................................................................................. 5 Nodiadau | Notes ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • New Perspectives on Modern Wales
    New Perspectives on Modern Wales New Perspectives on Modern Wales: Studies in Welsh Language, Literature and Social Politics Edited by Sabine Asmus and Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup New Perspectives on Modern Wales: Studies in Welsh Language, Literature and Social Politics Edited by Sabine Asmus and Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup Reviewer: Prof. dr. Eduard Werner This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Sabine Asmus, Katarzyna Jaworska-Biskup and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2191-5 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2191-9 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................. 3 Welsh or British in Times of Trouble? Shaping Welsh Culture and Identity during the Second World War Martin Andrew Hanks CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................... 31 Local or National? Gender, Place and Identity in Post-Devolution Wales’ Literature Rhiannon Heledd Williams CHAPTER THREE
    [Show full text]
  • ROBERT GERAINT GRUFFYDD Robert Geraint Gruffydd 1928–2015
    ROBERT GERAINT GRUFFYDD Robert Geraint Gruffydd 1928–2015 GERAINT GRUFFYDD RESEARCHED IN EVERY PERIOD—the whole gamut—of Welsh literature, and he published important contributions on its com- plete panorama from the sixth to the twentieth century. He himself spe- cialised in two periods in particular—the medieval ‘Poets of the Princes’ and the Renaissance. But in tandem with that concentration, he was renowned for his unique mastery of detail in all other parts of the spec- trum. This, for many acquainted with his work, was his paramount excel- lence, and reflected the uniqueness of his career. Geraint Gruffydd was born on 9 June 1928 on a farm named Egryn in Tal-y-bont, Meirionnydd, the second child of Moses and Ceridwen Griffith. According to Peter Smith’sHouses of the Welsh Countryside (London, 1975), Egryn dated back to the fifteenth century. But its founda- tions were dated in David Williams’s Atlas of Cistercian Lands in Wales (Cardiff, 1990) as early as 1391. In the eighteenth century, the house had been something of a centre of culture in Meirionnydd where ‘the sound of harp music and interludes were played’, with ‘the drinking of mead and the singing of ancient song’, according to the scholar William Owen-Pughe who lived there. Owen- Pughe’s name in his time was among the most famous in Welsh culture. An important lexicographer, his dictionary left its influence heavily, even notoriously, on the development of nineteenth-century literature. And it is strangely coincidental that in the twentieth century, in his home, was born and bred for a while a major Welsh literary scholar, superior to him by far in his achievement, who too, for his first professional activity, had started his career as a lexicographer.
    [Show full text]
  • LITERATURE SINCE 1500 by DAVID R
    Welsh Studies LITERATURE SINCE 1500 By DAVID R. JOHNSTON, Lecturer in Welsh in the University College ofCardiff B. Jarvis, 'Dysgeidiaeth Cristnoges o Ferch a'i gefndir', YB, I3: 2 Ig--26, discusses Renaissance attitudes towards women's educa­ tion, with particular reference to Richard Owen's Welsh translation (preserved in a MS of I 552) of De Instructione Feminae Christianae by Juan Luis Vives. D. Evans, 'Mwyalchen wen mewn caets', NLWJ, 23: 329-33, publishes the text of a cywydd by the late I 6th-c. Glamorgan poet Sils ap Sion about a caged white blackbird. The cywydd deuair jjrion metre and the tunes to which it was sung from the I 6th c. onwards are discussed by M. Evans, 'Deuair fyrion ac alawon', Canu Gwerin, 8: I6-3r. M. Burdett-Jones, '"Sacrafen Penyd" ', YB, I 3: 227-3 I, shows that a now lost Welsh translation of the recusant text, A Short Treatise of the Sacrament of Penance, made by the Renaissance scholar Thomas Wiliems, was in the hands of the I8th-c. lexicographer Thomas Lloyd, who refers to the manuscript translation to illustrate words in his copy ofJohn Davies's Dictionar­ ium Duplex. Two documentary references to Thomas Wiliems, dated I602 and I604, are printed and discussed by G. C. G. Thomas, 'Dau gyfeiriad at Syr Tomas Wiliems, Trefriw, ym mhapurau'r sesiwn fawr am swydd Ddinbych', NLW}, 23:425-27. Isaac Thomas concludes his study of the translation of the scriptures in 'Y fersiwn o'r Hen Destament Hebraeg ym Meibl Cymraeg I62o', ib., 24: I-45· T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Height of Its Womanhood': Women and Genderin Welsh Nationalism, 1847-1945
    'The height of its womanhood': Women and genderin Welsh nationalism, 1847-1945 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Kreider, Jodie Alysa Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 04:59:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280621 'THE HEIGHT OF ITS WOMANHOOD': WOMEN AND GENDER IN WELSH NATIONALISM, 1847-1945 by Jodie Alysa Kreider Copyright © Jodie Alysa Kreider 2004 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partia' Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2004 UMI Number: 3145085 Copyright 2004 by Kreider, Jodie Alysa All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3145085 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.
    [Show full text]
  • ABBREVIATIONS Use. the Reader That
    ABBREVIATIONS A. GENERAL Most of these call for no explanation, as they are in everyday use. The reader has already been warned that 'q.v.' does not invariably imply that there is a separate article on the person so indicated—in several instances he must be sought in the general article on his family. Again, the editor has not troubled to insert a 'q.v.' automatically after the name of a person who is so very well known that the reader may confidently assume that the book contains an article on him. Dates (of birth or death) left unqueried may be assumed to rest on authority: whether the authority is invariably correct is another matter. Dates queried indicate that we are merely told (on good authority) that the person concerned, say, 'died at the age of 64'. The form '1676/7' is used for the weeks of 1 January- 25 March in the years preceding the reform of the calendar by the Act of 1751. The 'Sir' (in Welsh, 'Syr') prefixed to a cleric's name in the older period is in practice merely the 'Rev.' of later times. Strictly speaking, it implied that the cleric had not taken the degree of M.A. (when he would have become 'Mr.', or in Welsh 'Mastr'); a 'Sir' might be a B.A., or an undergraduate, or indeed quite frequently a man who had never been near a university. It will be remembered that Shakespeare has 'Sir Hugh Evans' or, again, 'Sir Nathaniel, a curate'. B. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL Sir John Lloyd had issued to contributors a leaflet prescribing the abbreviations to be used in referring to 'a selection of the works most likely to be cited', adding 'contributors will abbreviate the titles of other works, but the abbreviations should not be such as to furnish no clue at all to the reader when read without context'.
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Electrify Scranton with Welsh Pride Festival Registrations
    Periodicals Postage PAID at Basking Ridge, NJ The North American Welsh Newspaper® Papur Bro Cymry Gogledd America™ Incorporating Y DRYCH™ © 2011 NINNAU Publications, 11 Post Terrace, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920-2498 Vol. 37, No. 4 July-August 2012 NAFOW Mildred Bangert is Honored Festival Registrations Demand by NINNAU & Y DRYCH Mildred Bangert has dedicated a lifetime to promote Calls for Additional Facilities Welsh culture and to serve her local community. Now that she is retiring from her long held position as Curator of the By Will Fanning Welsh-American Heritage Museum she was instrumental SpringHill Suites by Marriott has been selected as in creating, this newspaper recognizes her public service additional Overflow Hotel for the 2012 North by designating her Recipient of the 2012 NINNAU American Festival of Wales (NAFOW) in Scranton, CITATION. Read below about her accomplishments. Pennsylvania. (Picture on page 3.) This brand new Marriott property, opening mid-June, is located in the nearby Montage Mountain area and just Welsh-American Heritage 10 minutes by car or shuttle bus (5 miles via Interstate 81) from the Hilton Scranton and Conference Center, the Museum Curator Retires Festival Headquarters Hotel. By Jeanne Jones Jindra Modern, comfortable guest suites, with sleeping, work- ing and sitting areas, offer a seamless blend of style and After serving as curator of the function along with luxurious bedding, a microwave, Welsh-American Heritage for mini-fridge, large work desk, free high-speed Internet nearly forty years, Mildred access and spa-like bathroom. Jenkins Bangert has announced Guest suites are $129 per night (plus tax) and are avail- her retirement.
    [Show full text]
  • Pages Ffuglen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page I
    Y Meddwl a’r Dychymyg Cymreig FfugLen Y Ddelwedd o Gymru yn y Nofel Gymraeg o Ddechrau’r Chwedegau hyd at 1990 Enid Jones Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page i FfugLen Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page ii Y MEDDWL A’R DYCHYMYG CYMREIG Golygydd Cyffredinol John Rowlands Cyfrolau a ymddangosodd yn y gyfres hyd yn hyn: 1. M. Wynn Thomas (gol.), DiFfinio Dwy Lenyddiaeth Cymru (1995) 2. Gerwyn Wiliams, Tir Neb (1996) (Llyfr y Flwyddyn 1997; Enillydd Gwobr Goffa Ellis Griffith) 3. Paul Birt, Cerddi Alltudiaeth (1997) 4. E. G. Millward, Yr Arwrgerdd Gymraeg (1998) 5. Jane Aaron, Pur fel y Dur (1998) (Enillydd Gwobr Goffa Ellis Griffith) 6. Grahame Davies, Sefyll yn y Bwlch (1999) 7. John Rowlands (gol.), Y Sêr yn eu Graddau (2000) 8. Jerry Hunter, Soffestri’r Saeson (2000) (Rhestr Fer Llyfr y Flwyddyn 2001) 9. M. Wynn Thomas (gol.), Gweld Sêr (2001) 10. Angharad Price, Rhwng Gwyn a Du (2002) 11. Jason Walford Davies, Gororau’r Iaith (2003) (Rhestr Fer Llyfr y Flwyddyn 2004) 12. Roger Owen, Ar Wasgar (2003) 13. T. Robin Chapman, Meibion Afradlon a Chymeriadau Eraill (2004) 14. Simon Brooks, O Dan Lygaid y Gestapo (2004) (Rhestr Hir Llyfr y Flwyddyn 2005) 15. Gerwyn Wiliams, Tir Newydd (2005) 16. Ioan Williams, Y Mudiad Drama yng Nghymru 1880–1940 (2006) 17. Owen Thomas (gol.), Llenyddiaeth mewn Theori (2006) 18. Sioned Puw Rowlands, Hwyaid, Cwningod a Sgwarnogod (2006) 19. Tudur Hallam, Canon Ein Llên (2007) Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page iii Y MEDDWL A’R DYCHYMYG CYMREIG FfugLen Y Ddelwedd o Gymru yn y Nofel Gymraeg o Ddechrau’r Chwedegau hyd at 1990 Enid Jones GWASG PRIFYSGOL CYMRU CAERDYDD 2008 Pages FfugLen:Pages Canon 30/6/08 16:34 Page iv h Enid Jones, 2008 Cedwir pob hawl.
    [Show full text]