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Gareth Lloyd Roderick Kyffin Williams Online at the National Library of Wales: presenting and interpreting art in a digital context. 0 1 Mandatory Layout of Declaration/Statements Word Count of thesis: 82,423 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed ....................................................... (candidate) Date .......................................................... STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Where *correction services have been used, the extent and nature of the correction is clearly marked in a footnote(s). Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed ..................................................................... (candidate) Date ........................................................................ [*this refers to the extent to which the text has been corrected by others] STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed ..................................................................... (candidate) Date ........................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors, Professor Robert Meyrick and Professor Lorna Hughes for their help, guidance and support. Thanks also to all the staff and students of the School of Art at Aberystwyth University and the Research Department of the National Library of Wales: Dr Owain Roberts, Andrew Cusworth, Rhian James, Calista Williams and especially Paul McCann for his patience in assisting in the technical aspects of this project. Diolch o galon i holl staff Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru am eu gefnogaeth a chyfeillgarwch, ond yn enwedig i Lona Mason a Dr Paul Joyner. Ni allwn fod wedi cwblhau y gwaith yma heb gymorth parod, hael a chyson Lona a Paul. Diolch i Dr Tomos Owen. Diolch hefyd i Dr Ian Hughes, Dr Willy Mahon, Ifor ap Dafydd, Geraint Evans a Prof. Russell Foster am ein seminarau ymchwil achysurol. Al Hughes, Adam Howells, Hywel Llyr, Daf Prys: tidy. Thanks to Emily Trahair. 3 Abstract This thesis presents the research undertaken to develop a prototype digital resource to display a fine art collection at the National Library of Wales. The thesis first presents art historical investigations into the work of Kyffin Williams: the work of Kyffin Williams and his relationship with the National Library of Wales; the artist’s position within the canon of Welsh art history; and how ideas around space, place and landscape can contribute towards a fresh understanding of the artist’s work. This art historical inquiry is then used to develop a digital resource, called Kyffin Williams Online, to display the digitised Sir Kyffin Williams Bequest Collection of the National Library of Wales. The thesis addresses the incongruity of a large art collection being held in a library rather than museum or gallery and the restrictions of using reproductions of works of art. These restrictions are acknowledged and used to provide ways in which digitised works of art can be used for research for their own sake, rather than only as facsimiles or reproductions. This has been achieved by using the focus on space, place and landscape in the art historical investigation has been used to develop a geo-spatial presentation of content which is relevant to the art collections of the National Library. The thesis closes by using the resultant digital resource to show examples of how these methods can be used to further art historical investigation, and how the knowledge, expertise and methods used can be transferred to the National Library in its work with digitised collections. 4 Notes All images Kyffin Williams unless otherwise stated The word ‘library’ refers to libraries in general. ‘Library’ or ‘the Library’ refers to National Library of Wales. List of figures summarises captions and page references. Captions refer to digitised works of art. For full details on dimensions/media of works of art discussed, please refer to Kyffin Williams Online. All works illustrated are National Library of Wales unless otherwise stated Kyffin Williams Online can be viewed at the National Library of Wales NLW Research webpages. All translations my own. 5 Contents Gareth Lloyd Roderick ............................................................................................................................. 0 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Notes ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 6 List of illustrations ................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Project context and remit ................................................................................................................. 12 Research questions: art history ........................................................................................................ 13 Physical Bequest, digital access ........................................................................................................ 16 Research methods: physical and digital ............................................................................................ 20 Using digital approaches research and curate art historical content ............................................... 22 Outcomes: art historical, digital, library practice ............................................................................. 25 Chapter 1a: National collection, ‘national’ artist .................................................................................. 27 Kyffin Williams Collections at the National Library of Wales............................................................ 29 Relationship with the Library ............................................................................................................ 32 Recording the Welsh landscape: Patagonia ...................................................................................... 39 Exhibitions at the National Library of Wales..................................................................................... 45 Chapter 1b: Art in the Library ............................................................................................................... 49 Notable acquisitions ......................................................................................................................... 58 Display, exhibitions and the National Library of Wales .................................................................... 61 Digital presentation of content ......................................................................................................... 69 “Curatorial crossover” ....................................................................................................................... 73 Chapter 2: Kyffin Williams and Welsh art ............................................................................................. 77 Kyffin Williams and twentieth-century Welsh art ............................................................................ 78 Gallery representation ...................................................................................................................... 79 Public collections .............................................................................................................................. 81 Autobiography .................................................................................................................................. 83 Kyffin Williams in art historical context ............................................................................................ 94 What is Welsh art: ............................................................................................................................. 95 Chapter 3a: Welsh place, imagined space, Romantic landscape ........................................................ 113 Space and place .............................................................................................................................. 124 Insiders and outsiders in the landscape.......................................................................................... 128 Chapter 3b: ‘Towards’ distance .......................................................................................................... 135 6 Distant Reading ............................................................................................................................... 135 Spatial Humanities .........................................................................................................................
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