The Castle of the 5 2 Cosa Nostra: Our Cause 49 3 Universal Empire 83 4

Maps xiii Preface xix xxvii A Note on xxix Introductory

The Castle of the 5 2 Cosa Nostra: Our Cause 49 3 Universal Empire 83 4 El Dorado: The Golden One 5 A War to the Last Extremity 6 Felix Austria — The Happy State 7 The Last Cavalier 266 8 Finis Austriae: The End? 329

Notes 339 Sources and Bibliography 397 Index 425

inside back Family Trees: The of Habsburg

Wheatcroft, Andrew digitalisiert durch: The Habsburgs IDS Luzern

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Rudolf the Priest. painting by Johann Hoechle, I9th (Österreichische Galerie Vienna)

Frederick III. Oil painting by Hans Century. {Kunsthistorisches

Eleanor of Portugal. Oil painting after Hans Burgkmair, Museum, Art London)

Maximilian I. painting by Bernard Striegel, (Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck)

Ceremonial of Maximilian, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Viennd)

Philip I of Spain. Oil painting attributed to Juan de Flandes, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Art Library, London)

of Castile. Oil painting by Juan de Flandes, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Art Library, London)

Charles V. painting by Michael early Century. (Schatzkammer Bruges)

The Lance, 8th Century. (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Ferdinand I. painting by Scrots, (Kunsthistorisches Museum,

Philip II of Spain. Oil painting by Titian, Florence)

View of the of the Escorial. Oil painting, Spanish School, Century. G. RMN, Paris)

PAGES I 76 AND

Allegory of the reign of Matthias. Oil painting by an unknown artist, (© Berlin)

Philip IV. Oil painting by Diego de Velazquez, (Prado, Florence)

View of the palace and gardens of the Buen Retiro. Oil painting by Jusepe Leonardo, (Museo Amatller Mas, Barcelona)

The Oil painting by Fray Juan Batista Maino, c. (Prado, Art Library, London)

II. Oil Pachmann, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Ferdinand III. Oil painting by Frans van Luyck, undated. (Foto Nationalmuseum, Stockholm)

Cavalry a Sortie from a Fort a Hill. Oil painting by Philips Wouwermans, (National Gallery, London)

Allegory of Leopold I. Oil by Gerard Hoet, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Leopold I as Acis from La Galatea. Oil on copper by Jan Thomas, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Margareta Maria Theresa as Galatea from La Galatea. Oil painting by Jan Thomas, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Communion Carlos II Spain. Oil painting by Claudio Coello, I7th Century. (The Art Martin)

PAGES AND

Charles VI. Oil painting by Johann-Gottfried Auerbach, (Weltliche und Geistliche Schatzkammer, Art London)

Court of Schönbrunn palace. Oil painting by Bernardo Bel lotto (Canaletto), (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

A Christmas with Maria Theresa of Hungary and Francis Stephen. Gouache by Christine, Archduchess of Austria, Museum,

Maria Theresa of Hungary. Oil painting by Martin van Meytens the Younger, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Coronation Banquet of Joseph II in Frankfurt. Oil painting by Martin van Meytens the Younger, (Schloß Schönbrunn, Art Library, London)

The Arrival of Isabella of Parma at her Wedding to II. Oil painting by the school of Martin van Meytens the Younger, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Leopold II, his Maria Luisa and their children. Oil by Johann (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Art Library, London)

Franz Joseph I. Oil painting by Franz Xavier Winterhalter, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Art Library, London)

Elisabeth of Bavaria. Oil painting by Franz Xavier Winterhalter, Century. (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Art Library)

Katherina Schratt. Oil painting by an artist, {Hermesvilla, Art Library)

Return of Francis I from Pressburg. Oil painting by Johann Peter (Hofburg, Vienna Art Library, London)

BETWEEN PAGES AND

in a painter's Workshop. Engraving by Hans Burgkmair, early (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, P. Berlin)

The Triumphal Woodcut by Albrecht Dürer and assistants, 2004 The British Museum)

Maximilian I on horseback. Pen and ink by Hans Burgkmair, (Albertina, Vienna)

Joseph I on horseback. figurine by Matthias Steinl, (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna)

Fraktur type in Maximilian Theurdank. Calligraphy designed by Leonhard Wagner, early Century. (Collection the author)

Executions in Staromestske Square, Prague, Engraving, Ger- School, Century. (Private Art Library, London)

Frontispiece from Marquard Genealogta (The British Library, London)

Karl I, his wife Zita de and their children, undated. Collection Viollet)