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Das Reiterstandbild Josephs II. Am Josefsplatz in Wien“

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Das Reiterstandbild Josephs II. Am Josefsplatz in Wien“ MASTERARBEIT Titel der Masterarbeit „Das Reiterstandbild Josephs II. am Josefsplatz in Wien“ verfasst von Dipl. Ing. Mag. Elisabeth Werner, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Art (MA) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A315 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Kunstgeschichte Betreuerin: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ingeborg Schemper-Sparholz 1 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ............................................................................................. 3 Abbildungsverzeichnis ........................................................................................ 7 1 Einleitung ........................................................................................ 15 2 Forschungsstand ................................................................................... 19 3 Typus des Reiterstandbildes ...................................................................... 26 3.1 Kaiser Marc Aurel, 173 n. Chr., Künstler unbekannt ............................................... 27 3.2 Condottiere Erasmo da Narni, genannt Gattamelata, 1444 – 1453, Donatello .................... 32 3.3 König Ludwig XIV. von Frankreich, Place Vendôme, 1692, François Girardon ................. 36 3.4 Das Reiterstandbild als Bezugspunkt eines Platzes in Frankreich ................................. 38 3.5 Reiterstandbild des Großen Kurfürsten, 1696 – 1700, Andreas Schlüter.......................... 46 3.6 Reiterdenkmäler unter den Habsburgern ............................................................ 47 4 Reiterstandbild Josephs II. auf dem Josefsplatz in Wien ..................................... 54 4.1 Historischer Hintergrund ............................................................................. 54 4.2 Die Konzeption des Denkmals ...................................................................... 57 4.2.1 Zur Frage Füger–Zauner ............................................................................. 57 4.2.2 Standbild oder Reiterstandbild? ..................................................................... 60 4.2.3 Die Kostümfrage ..................................................................................... 63 4.2.4 Die spezifische Form des Denkmals ................................................................ 65 4.3 Standort des Reiterstandbildes ....................................................................... 68 4.3.1 Die Baugeschichte des Standortes des Reiterstandbildes Josephs II. .............................. 68 4.3.2 Der Josefsplatz in Wien als Standort des Reiterstandbildes Josephs II. ........................... 76 4.4 Ausführende Künstler ................................................................................ 79 4.4.1 Franz Anton Zauner und Friedrich Heinrich Füger ................................................. 79 4.4.2 Franz Anton Zauner und Friedrich Heinrich Füger als Rompensionäre ........................... 83 4.4.3 Die Zeit zwischen der Rückkehr aus Rom und dem Auftrag zum Reiterstandbild Josephs II. ... 90 4.5 Spezielle Fragen zum Bronzeguss ................................................................... 93 4.5.1 Franz Anton Zauner und die Kunst des Bronzegusses ............................................. 93 4.5.2 Beschreibung Bertuchs über Anfertigung des Modells und Guss der Statue ...................... 95 4.5.3 Abweichungen des Guss-Verfahrens Zauners von dem Mariettes ................................. 97 4.6 Die Entstehungsgeschichte im Zeitablauf ......................................................... 100 4.7 Die Entstehung des Denkmals nach der Quellenlage ............................................. 107 4.7.1 Quellen über den Herstellungsort .................................................................. 107 4.7.2 Quellen über das Arbeitspersonal ................................................................. 108 4.7.3 Quellen zur Finanzierung .......................................................................... 109 4.7.4 Quellen über den Fortschritt der Arbeit ........................................................... 109 5 Die Ikonografie des Reiterdenkmals, mit Sockelreliefs und Medaillons ................... 114 5.1 Die Reiterstatue Josephs II. ........................................................................ 114 5.1.1 Statue Josephs II. ................................................................................... 115 3 5.1.2 Statue des Pferdes .................................................................................. 119 5.2 Der Sockel .......................................................................................... 122 5.2.1 Sockelrelief Joseph II. als Schirmherr des österreichischen Handels ............................ 124 5.2.2 Sockelrelief Joseph II. als Förderer der Landwirtschaft .......................................... 125 5.2.3 Inschriften der Stiftungstafeln ..................................................................... 127 5.3 Die Eckpfeiler aus Granit mit den Medaillons .................................................... 130 5.4 Exkurs: Histoire métallique und das Münzbildnis im Habsburgerreich ......................... 137 5.5 Die Beschreibung der Medaillons der Eckpfeiler ................................................. 142 5.5.1 Medaille auf die Geburt Josephs 1741 ............................................................ 142 5.5.2 Medaille auf die Vermählung Josephs mit Isabella von Parma 1760 ............................ 145 5.5.3 Medaille auf die Krönung zum römischen König in Frankfurt 1764 ............................ 147 5.5.4 Medaille auf den Wahlspruch Josephs II. ......................................................... 150 5.5.5 Medaille auf den Aufenthalt in Rom 1769 ........................................................ 152 5.5.6 Medaille auf die Reise nach Italien 1769 ......................................................... 155 5.5.7 Medaille auf die Reise nach Siebenbürgen 1773 ................................................. 155 5.5.8 Tapferkeitsmedaille 1789 .......................................................................... 157 5.5.9 Medaille auf die zweite Reise nach Siebenbürgen 1773 ......................................... 158 5.5.10 Medaille auf die Errichtung des Armeninstitutes 1784 ........................................... 159 5.5.11 Medaille auf die Errichtung einer Hochschule in Lemberg 1784 ................................ 161 5.5.12 Medaille auf die Verwaltungsorganisation in der neuen Provinz Galizien = Gründung des Landtages in Lodomerien 1782 .................................................................... 162 5.5.13 Medaille auf die Gründung des Taubstummeninstitutes 1779 ................................... 163 5.5.14 Medaille auf die Religionstoleranz 1782 .......................................................... 166 5.5.15 Medaille auf die Errichtung der chirurgischen Akademie 1785 ................................. 167 5.5.16 Medaille auf die Vereinigung der Akademie der bildenden Künste 1786 ....................... 171 5.5.17 Medaille auf die Errichtung des Denkmals ....................................................... 172 6 Aufstellung des Reiterstandbilds ............................................................... 174 7 Rezeption des Reiterstandbildes ................................................................ 180 7.1 Das Josephsdenkmal in der zeitgenössischen Wahrnehmung .................................... 180 7.2 Das Josephsdenkmal in der Wahrnehmung der Sachverständigen .............................. 182 8 Quellenlage ....................................................................................... 185 8.1 Dokumentarische Quellen ......................................................................... 185 8.1.1 Schreiben Zauners an Kaunitz vom 14. Juli 1781 ................................................ 185 8.1.2 Bittschrift Zauners an Kaunitz vom 24. Februar 1782 ........................................... 186 8.1.3 Brief Zauners an Füger vom 4. Juni 1783 ......................................................... 187 8.1.4 Brief vom 14. April 1795 .......................................................................... 188 8.1.5 Brief vom 16. Oktober 1797 ....................................................................... 190 8.1.6 Brief vom 17. 8bris 797: Vorlage der Inschriften................................................. 191 8.1.7 Bericht Zauners an den Kaiser (am 23. Oktober 1807) ........................................... 193 8.1.8 Dekret Wrbna an Zauner ........................................................................... 196 8.1.9 Gutachten Zauners über das Material des Burgtores von Nobile ................................ 198 8.2 Kurzberichte nach Burgs Zauner-Monografie .................................................... 198 8.2.1 Staatsarchiv. Akten des Obersthofmeisteramts. Eingabe Zauners vom 21. Juli 1795. ......... 198 4 8.2.2 UAAdbKW. 24. Juli 1795. Vortrag des Grafen Cobenzl vor Kaiser Franz I. ................... 199 8.2.3 HHStA. Caale Fasz. 24. 24. Juli 1795. Vortrag Cobenzls vor dem Kaiser. ..................... 199 8.2.4 Staatsarchiv Nr. 334. Akten des Obersthofmeisteramts. 30. Oktober 1795. .................... 199 8.2.5 Staatsarchiv Nr. 110. Akten des Obersthofmeisteramts. 16. März 1796. ........................ 199 8.2.6 Staatsarchiv. Akten der Hofbaudirektion. 18. März 1796, Nr. 269. ............................. 199 8.2.7 Staatsarchiv. Akten der Hofbaudirektion. 21. Juli 1796, Nr. 622. Verordnung des Obersthofmeisteramtes. ...........................................................................
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