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Index

Part - 01. : At a Glance

01. Jharkhand : State Symbol...... 01-04 02. Jharkhand : At a Glance...... 05-28 01. Jharkhand : Administrative Systems of Tribes...... 29-43

Part - 02. Jharkhand : History

01. Jharkhand Historical Introduction...... 01-04 02. Pre Historic...... 05-09 03. Ancient History...... 10-16 04. Medieval History...... 17-21 05. Modern History...... 22-24 06. Tribal Revolts...... 25-37 07. National Movement...... 38-51 08. Time line of Jharkhand...... 52-57

Part - 03. Jharkhand : Arts and Culture

01. Jharkhand Literature & Writer...... 01-14 02. Tribes and their Culture...... 15-27 03. Art and Culture...... 28-44 04. Fair and Festivals...... 45-54 05. Tourism...... 55-85 06. Social & Cultural Status...... 86-94

Part - 04. Jharkhand : Geography

01. Geography of Jharkhand...... 01-27 02. Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects...... 28-43 03. Climate Change...... 44-59 04. Forest and Environment...... 60-83 05. Demography of Jharkhand...... 84-94

4 Part - 05. Jharkhand : Miscellaneous

01. Polity...... 01-14 02. Judiciary...... 15-30 03. District Profile...... 31-50 04. C.N.T. act And S.P.T. Act...... 51-98 05. Disaster Management...... 99-118 06. Sports...... 119-137 07. Important Personalities...... 138-150 08. Award and Honours...... 151-153 09. Miscellaneous...... 154-163

Part - 06. Jharkhand : Economy

01. Education...... 01-20 02. Health...... 21-33 03. Energy...... 34-45 04. Industries of Jharkhand...... 46-70 05. Minerals of Jharkhand...... 71-81 06. Transportation...... 82-97 07. Planning and Schemes...... 98-114 08. Economy...... 115-125

Part - 07. JPSC Prelims & Other Exams Solved

01. Jharkhand Exams Solved...... 01-44 02. Multiple Choice Question...... 45-55

Part - 08. 1000 Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams

01. Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams...... 01-35

Part - 09. Jharkhand : Current Affiars

01. Budget - 2019-20...... 01-09 02. Budget - 2020-21...... 10-24 03. Current Affairs 2019...... 25-30 03. Current Affairs 2020...... 31-47

5 Jharkhand : State Symbols

Asian elephant Asian koel (Elephas maximus) (Eudynamys scolopaceus)

Palash Sal () (Shorea Robusta)

Jharkhand's New Emblem

17 20 Chapter Jharkhand : State Symbol 1.1

Emblem Symbol Scientific Name State animal Asian elephant Elephas maximus State bird Asian koel Eudynamys scolopaceus State flower Palash Butea monosperma State Tree Sal Shorea Robusta

Jharkhand : State Symbols

Asian elephant Asian koel (Elephas maximus) (Eudynamys scolopaceus)

Palash Sal (Butea monosperma) (Shorea Robusta)

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Jharkhand : State Symbol 3

Jharkhand's Emblem Jharkhand's New Emblem

The new logo is primarily in green and has the national emblem at the centre with “Satyameva Jayate” etched below. The Ashok Chkra among four 4 ‘J’ letters Ashoka emblem, representing cooperative The letter ‘J’ is indicative of Jharkhand. federalism, is enclosed in concentric circles The Ashoka Chakra is an indicator of depicting the state’s culture and its abundant dynamism, change and progress. natural resources. There are small dots in the upper part The new logo is primarily in green and of the letter ‘J’, which are marked as the circular, while the old one was square- development of the state. shaped. The circle resembles a wheel. The The white square produced by the four ‘J’ letters logo represents and its rings represent the shows simplicity, clearness and social harmony. urge for development, art, culture, customs, The four arms of this class form right angles to traditions, values, religion, the lush greenery each other, which symbolizes the emotional in the state and last but not the least the unity of different sections of society. abundance of minerals in the state. This landmark has been approved by the The new logo has the national emblem at the Government of Jharkhand in February 2002. centre with 'Satyameva Jayate' etched below. It has been designed by Amitabh Pandey of The Ashoka emblem is enclosed in concentric circles depicting the state’s culture and its National Institute of Design, . abundant natural resources. Trend Analysis Red colour used in the logo represents the strength of the state to struggle and pave its Which of the following is state own way out of adversities. Animal of Jharkhand? Palash flowers, also known as flame of (a) Elephant the forest, reflecting the natural beauty of (b) Lion Jharkhand, are also included in the new emblem. (c) Deer Elephants, being the state animal, have been (d) Pythons also been included and represent calmness. Ans (a) Elephant Labours and group dance, in the emblem, represent culture and the strength of social J.S.S.C. - Jharkhand Excise bonding. Constable Exam - 04-08-2019

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

Jharkhand : At a Glance 1.2

Situated in the eastern , Jharkhand is surrounded by to the north, and Chhattisgarh to the west, to the south, and to the east. The state covers a geographical area of 79.70 Lakh Hect. , , , , Sindri, Deogarh, and are some of the main cities and tourist attractions of the state. The 28th state of the Indian Union was brought into existence by the Bihar reorganization Act on 15th November , 2000 the birth anniversary of the legendary Bhagwan Birsa Munda. Jharkhand is famous for its rich mineral resources like Uranium, Mica, Bauxite, Granite, Gold, Silver, Graphite, Magnetite, Dolomite, Fireclay, Quartz, Fieldspar,Coal (32% of India), Iron, Copper (25%of India) etc. Forests and woodlands occupy more than 29% of the state which is amongst the highest in India.

Birth of The State

The region enshrouded in the hills and forests inaccessible to a large segment of people. The tribes of Trend Analysis this state are living here from thousands of years and Jharkhand is known by name of not much changed in their life and culture over the ages ...... in Mahabharat era? baring last few decades. (a) Nagdesh Many scholars now believe that the language used by (b) Gandharv desh tribes in the state of Jharkhand is identical to the one (c) Pundarik desh used by Harappan people. This has led to a great interest (d) Matsy desh in the deciphering of Harappan inscriptions using rock Ans (c) Punarik desh paintings and language used by these tribes. JPSC Prlims - 2003 For a greater part of Vedic age, Jharkhand remained obscured. During the age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BC, India saw the emergence of 16 large states who controlled the entire Indian subcontinent. The supremacy of the Janpadas were often decided by the power of swords and bows and ax and other weapons. The region around Jharkhand was extremely rich in its mineral resources including iron and the janpad that controlled this region, Magadha, eventually controlled most of the country. The power of Magadha continued to occupy central state in Indian subcontinent for a long time and saw the emergence of mighty empires such as Mauryas and Guptas. After the end of last big Hindu empire of Guptas, India saw emergence of a number of numerous regional powers who tried to control this region. Same was the case with Muslim Sultans of and their feudatories in Bengal, who tried to control this mineral rich area.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 10 Jharkhand At A Glance

New Districts after Jharkhand formation S.No. Location of District Formation Date Present District Former District 1. 19 4 April, 2001 Latehar Palamu 2. 20 26 April, 2001 3. 21 30 April, 2001 Simdega Gumla 4. 22 April, 2001 Saraikela-Kharsawan West Singhbhum 5. 23 12 September, 2007 Khunti Ranchi 6. 24 12 September,2007 Ramgarh Hazaribagh Jharkhand - Minerals Minirals# Position Coal Reserve 1st position Iron Reserveq 2nd position Copper-one Reserve & Mica 3rd position Bauxite Reserve 7th position # 370 Mines in Jharkhnad. OutHighest of 24, Mines 10 districts in Dhanbad contribute (109) 93% Reserve (Dhanbad in highest) Jharkhand - Industries Industries# Establish Year India's First Copper Industry (Ghatshila) 1924 Tata Iron and Steel Company (Tisco) (East 1907 Singhbhum) 1964 # The goverment of Jharkhand in planning to setup an IT park and STPI at Adityapur. An Automobile vendor will be established under PPP mode at Adityapur Jharkhand - Agriculture & Allied Sector

Agriculture Sector# Contribution GSVA 11% Area under Kharif crop, that is paddy 60% Among Rabi crop, area covered by Bengal gram and wheat 20% # Second largest area dedicated to Maize.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Jharkhand At A Glance 11

Jharkhand - Forest & Wildlife Sanctuary Forest and wildlife Sactuary Area Cover Total area (forest cover) 23,605 sq km Total recorded forest 29.55% Very dense forest 3.26% Medium dense forest 12.15% Open forest 14.14% Per Capita forest and tree cover 0.08 Hectare Total wildlife Sanctuary 11 Largest forest in percentage (Latehar) 56.02% Lowest forest in percentage (Jamtara) 5.36%

Jharkhand - People Representation People Representation in No. of members Assembly Jharkhand's Legislative Assembly Member 82 (44 Genral, 28 STs and 9 SCs, 1 Anglo Indian Nominated ) Jharkhand's Member 14 (8 Genral, 5 STs and 1 SCs ) Jharkhand's Member 06

Jharkhand - Administrative Units Administrative Unit Number Districts 24 Division (North Chhotanagpur, South Chhotanagpur, Santhal Pargana, Palamu, Kolhan) 5 Sub-division 45 Block 264 Municipal Corporation 9 Nagar Panchayat 13 Nagar Parishad 19

Jharkhand - Education Name of School/University Number School/University Central University (Central University Ranchi, Jharkhand) 1 Total Number of University 9 Number of High School 2425

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 16 Jharkhand At A Glance

11 Wonder of Jharkhand Name Features Chandil Dam 1. Chandil Dam standing on the . 2. The Karkori River originating from the mingles with the Swarnarekha River here at chandil. 3. Chandil is a census town in Seraikela Kharsawan district. One of India's earliest tiger reserves (1974), Betla features luxuriant tropical forest cover and a rich variety of fauna. The Betla National Park, was first established as a sanctuary and later upgraded to it's present status. It is Situated in . Hills Parasnath Hills are a range of hills located in district. The highest peak is 1365 metres. It is one of the most important pilgrimage centre for Jains. They call it Sammed Sikhar. The hill is named after Parasnath, the 23rd . Twenty of the twenty-four Jain attained salvation on this hill. It is falling in the , Netarhat is popularly known as the Queen of Chotanagpur. It is best known for the sunrise and sunset views it offers. Valley Patratu is a census town in Patratu (community development block) of and Patratu Valley has unique in features. Patratu lake resort is located beside Patratu dam which is at a distance of 30 km from Ramgarh. Baidyanath Dham Baidyanath temple, also known as Baba Baidyanath dham and Baidyanath dham is one of the twelve , the most sacred abodes of . It is located in in the Santhal Parganas division. It is a temple complex consisting of the Main temple of Baba Baidyanath, where the Jyotirlinga is installed, and 21 other temples. Dham Basukinath is located in . In a year lacs and lacs people from different parts of country come here to worship Lord Shiva. ()Bhadrakali It is assumed that the temple was built somewhere around 7th to the 10th Temple) century A.D. This is one of the famous Peeths among the 51 located throughout Indian peninsular. It is located in .

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 18 Jharkhand At A Glance

12. Maa Yogini Temple Barakopa Pahadi () 13. Yugal Temple Deoghar 14. Shiv Temple of Benisagar West Singhbhum 15. Surye Temple Rundu (Ranchi) 16. Dewri Temple Tamar, Ranchi 17. Anjan Dham Temple Anjan Village (Gumla) 18. Mahadevshala Temple Mahadevshala (West Singhbhum) 19. Sahastrabuddhe (Kaleshwarnath) Temple Chatra 20. Jharkhand Dham Temple Giridih 21. Tanginath Dham Temple Gumla 22. Aamreshwar Dham Temple Khunti

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Jharkhand At A Glance 19

Forts/Palace of Jharkhand Name Place 1. Latehar 2. Forts of Vishrampur Palamu 3. Forts of Rohilla Japla (Palamu) 4. Forts of Chainpur Palamu 5. Teliagarhi Forts Pahadi, 6. Forts of Panchkot Pahad, Dhanbad 7. Forts of Ramgarh Ramgarh 8. Forts of Padma Hazaribagh 9. Forts of Badam Hazaribagh 10. Navratangarh Palace / Forts of Dosa Gumla 11. Palace of Palkot Gumla 12. Forts of Nagpheni Gulma 13. Forts of Jaintgarh West Singhbhum S. No. Dance How to perform 1. Bheja During performance, they form a chain by clumping hands of one another Dance Melodious traditional songs and music are the major accompaniments of this dancer in alternate successions. 2. Chhau The is performed in an open space or a ground field generally Dance at the night time. The dancing area is surrounded by the fire poles called the Mashaals, for the sake of lighting in the dark. But in some of the advanced parts of the state, electrical lamps and light have started replacing the fire poles. 3. Jhumar Jhumar is performed anytime. especially during the weddings, melas or some Dance other important functions and celebrations. This dance is generally performed in acircle. The dancers wear verycolorful costumes. 4. Paika Paika dance is a famous dance form of Odisha which is practiced by the paikas of Dance Oriya army. The main target of this dance is to enhance the physical excitement and to develop the inner courage. The tradition of this dance is carried throughout the huge area of tribal belt of Mayurbhanj district 5. Phagua During the performance the dancers throw colored water and powder on each Dance other. Women also join this Phagua dance in some of the parts of jharkhand. 6. Santhal This dance was performed by the Santhal tribes during all special festivals and Dance occasions. This dance not only reveals the culture or traditions of the local tribes but also showcases the strength of unity. The main attraction of the Santhal Dance in Jharkhand is the colorful costumes worn by the tribal people. 7. Sharhul It is worshipping of the village deity. which protects and supports the tribes. Dance There is dancing and singing in the whole region accompanied with drinkssnacks and a variety of foods.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 26 Jharkhand At A Glance

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Jharkhand At A Glance 27

Important Facts : Jharkhand At a Glance

• How many parliamentary seats are there in the state of Jharkhand? 20 • According to Jharkhand Economic Survey 2018-19, the total length of 3400 km national highways in the state of Jharkhand is? • At the time of formation of Jharkhand state, the total number of districts 18 in the state? • Which division of Jharkhand state has maximum districts? North Chotanagpur • Jharkhand is the largest parliamentary constituency of the state? West Singhbhum • Jharkhand is the smallest parliamentary constituency in the state. Chatra • The total number of scheduled tribes inhabiting the state of Jharkhand is? 32 • How many subdivisions were there at the time of creation of Jharkhand 33 state? • What is the total number of subdivisions in the state of Jharkhand? 45 • How many districts are there in the state of Jharkhand? 24 • What is the number of notified blocks in the state of Jharkhand? 132 • How many district councils are there in the state of Jharkhand? 24 • How many divisions are there in the state of Jharkhand? 05 • How many Nagar Panchayats are there in the state of Jharkhand? 19 • Where is the only Cantonment Board of Jharkhand state located? Ramgarh • Which is the largest city of Jharkhand state? Jamshedpur • What is the total number of city councils in the state of Jharkhand? 21

Objectives : Jharkhand At a Glance

1. The state of Jharkhand was formed from 3. The industrial capital of the state of which state? Jharkhand is- (a) West Bengal (b) Bihar (a) Jamshedpur (b) Dhanbad (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Orissa (c) Bokaro (d) Ranchi Ans. (b) Bihar Ans. (a) Jamshedpur 2. The state of Jharkhand was formed by 4. What is the latitudinal expansion of the cutting out how much land of Bihar? state of Jharkhand? (a) 44.30 percent (b) 46.20 percent (a) 22048'15" to 26018'25" (c) 45.80 percent (d) 42.50 percent (b) 23055'11" to 28022'48" Ans. (c) 45.80 percent (c) 21058'10" to 25019'15"

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Jharkhand Tribes Administrative Systems 1.3

Munda : Adminstrative System

The general meaning of the word Munda is specific person and specific meaning is the political head of the village. Important positions, organizations and facts about Munda Administrative Systems are as follows: - Important Related Important Facts Terms Munda This Munda is the head of the village. This position is hereditary. Its main task is to collect rent from the villagers, make law system in the village and village disputes have to be settled. Hatu Munda It is the head of the gram panchayat. Munda Gram Panchayat is called Hatu. Paraha The panchayat (intergovernmental panchayat) consisting of several villages is called Paraha. The main function of the Paraha Panchayat is to settle disputes between two or more villages. It is situated at the highest point of governance of Munda tribe. It can be termed as the highest judiciary, executive and legislature of Munda tribe. The principal officers of Paraha were Kubar, Lal and Karto. Women were not given a place in traditional Munda administration. Akhada The Paraha Panchayat site is called Akhada. It is also the cultural center of the village. Maanki The head of the Paraha Panchayat is called Manki and this position is hereditary. Pahan The religious head of Munda village is called Pahan. Pahan used to do worship and sacrifice to maintain peace in the village. Pahan is provided with free rent land for the operation of these works, which is called Dali-Katari land. Bhoot Kheta To protect the village from the wrath of ghosts, special worship is done by Pahan. For this Pahaan is provided with additional land which is called Bhoot Kheta. The worship system of ghosts is conducted by its yield or income. Pujar / Panbhara Pahan's assistant is called Pujar / Panbhara. Paraha king It is the highest official of the Paraha Panchayat. Other Facts The administration of this tribe consists of officers named Diwan, Thakur, Kotwar, Pandey, Karta and Lal etc., who help the Pahada king in governing.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 30 Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes

Nagvanshi : Adminstrative System

Nagvanshi system of governance started in the first century and King 'Phanimukut Rai’ was the first ruler of this system. This governance system was established after Munda Raj. Phani Mukut Rai established Sutiyambe as his capital. The Nagavanshi rulers tried to expand it more by making favorable changes in the Munda system of governance. During this reign, the land-system, tax-system and governance of the former continued to operate. After a long period of time, the change in Nagavanshi regime is reflected due to the invasion of the Mughals. As a result of this change, the Mughal army started taking Nazrana (a kind of tax) from the Nagavanshi kings, which was later established as a regular system and known as Malgujari. In this system of administration, tax was not collected from the common ryots. As a result, the tax burden of the entire state fell on the Nagvanshi regime. In order to reduce this burden, the Nagavanshi kings started collecting tax (Malguzari) from the general public and the responsibility of collecting it was given to the chief Maanki of Paraha. To these standards Under Nagvanshi rule, it was called Bhuihar. Later, the Nagvanshi kings set up separate vassals to settle Malgujari. Malgujari used to be given only by them when demanded by the Mughal emperors. This irregular goodsmanship was called Nazrana (offering). For the regular collection of tax during the British rule,manent aper settlement system was implemented in 793 AD and Nagavanshi kings were made landlords. Thus the Jagirdari system of the former turned into the Zamindari system. With the implementation of this system, Nagvanshi government system came to an end and a new type of English governance system was established in its place.

Parha : Adminstrative System It is mainly related to the governance system of the Oraon tribe. This system of governance is similar to Munda tribe. Important position, organizations and facts about Parha Panchayat Adminstrative System are as follows: -

Important Related Important Facts terms Mahato In this system of governance, every village has a head, which is called Mahato. It deals with village level matters. In this work, the experienced and elderly people of the village help the village head. Mahato has both administrative and judicial powers. Manjhi Manjhi is an associate of Mahato, who works to convey the Panchayati ideals of Mahato to the people.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes 33

Munda-Maanki : Adminstrative System

The traditional governance regime of the Ho tribe is known as Munda-Maanki Administrative system. This governance system is seen as India's first republican system of governance. This governance was approved by Boyce Wilkison, an British officer. The Ho tribe is a subdivision of Munda society. Under the Munda tribe, the head of the Gram Panchayat was called Munda. Several such panchayats were combined to form a chain, the head of of this panchayats was called Maanki. This system of governance is known as Munda-standard governance system. Important positions, organizations and facts about Munda-Maanki governance are as follows:

Important Related Important Facts Terms Munda In this system of governance, the head of a village is called Munda. It serves administrative, judicial and revenue collection. Dakua It is an ally of Munda and takes the decisions and orders of Munda to the people of the village. Maanki A series consisting of 15-20 villages is formed, whose head is called Maanki. All Munda and Dakua are present in the meeting organized by Maanki in which a matter is resolved by consensus. Tehsildar It is the revenue officer of the village, who mainly deals with revenue collection. Diuri It is the religious head of the village and performs religious rituals in worship, festivals, wedding marriages etc. It also serves to resolve cases of religious disputes. Yatra duri It is an associate of Diuri.

Dhoklo Sohor : Adminstrative System The traditional governance system of the Kharia tribe is known as Dhoklo Sohor or Doklo Shohor regime. The Kharia tribe is a subdivision of Munda society. Hence, the system of Munda society is visible in their self-government system.Dhoklo means - meeting and Sohor means president. Kharia tribes are mainly of three types- milk kharia, dhelki kharia and Pahari or Shabar kharia. There is a slight difference in the self-government system of these three. Around 1934–35 AD, the people of the Kharia tribe formed an All India General Assembly known as Dhoklo for the empowerment of their society. The system was supported by Dhoklo Sohor Mahasabha while this committee opposed the Panchayati Raj system. Important Related Important Facts Terms Mahato Traditionally, the people who settled the village are called Mahato. Mahato is considered the Key person of the village. Their post is usually hereditary. Mahato can also be changed with the consent of the villagers. (Note - Pradhan of Pahari Khadia village is called Dandiya and religious head is called Dihuri. Dihuri also supports religious work as well as Dandiya.)

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes 35

Other Tribes : Adminstrative System A total of 32 tribes are found in Jharkhand and there is a system of self-government among all these tribes. Out of these, important facts about self-government system of the major tribes have been given earlier. Keeping in mind the important facts about to the arrangement of other tribes, it will be very useful from the examination point of view. Important facts about self-government system / caste panchayat of other tribes of Jharkhand.

Important Related Important Facts Terms Lohra / Lohar This tribe has no organized governance. But to solve their caste problems, their (Blacksmith) caste is panchayat. Disputes between two villages are settled by the Intergovernmental Council formed on a particular occasion. The head of the ethnic panchayat of this tribe is called Pradhan and this post is hereditary. In this tribe ancestral property is divided equally among brothers. If a family does not have a son, then the daughter has the right over the property. Mahli Solitary marriages are not recognized in this tribe. This tribe has no organized governance. But a panchayat is formed at the village level and through this, mutual disputes are resolved. Criminals are punished both financially and physically. Convicted of serious crime are sentenced to mass feast. Maal Pahariya This tribe is called Manjhi, the head of the gram panchayat in the self-government system. Manjhi is assisted by Godait and Diwan. The decision of the panchayat is to be accepted by all and the person disobeying the decision is expelled from the village. The dispute of two or more villages is resolved by an intergovernmental panchayat, whose head is called Sardar. There is no provision of punishment in that tribe like bitlaha. Sauria Like Mal Pahadia, in the self-government system of this tribe, the head of Gram Pahadia Panchayat is called Manjhi. Main function of Manjhi is to settle all kinds of conflicts. He also performs religious activities. Godait helps them in Majhi's work. In this system, a Nayak is arranged in 15-20 villages and a Sardar in 78-80 villages. The task of these two is to settle the underlying disputes.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 40 Jharkhand Administrative Systems of Tribes

Important Facts Jharkhand Tribes Administrative Systems

• When is the Pada Pancha organized? Ashwin Purnima • Which of the following tribes does not have an organized governance Blacksmith system? • In the self-governance system of Mal Pahadia, what is the head of the Manjhi Gram Panchayat called? • Who helps Manjhi in the self-governance system of Mal Pahadia? Godait, Diwan • What is the head of the inter-village panchayat in Mal Pahadia governance Sardar system? • In the self-government system of Sauria Pahadia tribe, what is the village Manjhi head called? • Who settles rural quarrels in the self-government system of Sauria Pahadia Manjhi tribe? • Who performs religious activities in the self-government system of Sauria Manjhi Pahadia tribe? • Assistance in Manjhi's work in the self-governance system of Sauria Godait Pahadia tribe? • How many villages arranged under Nayak in the self-government system of 15-20 Sauria Pahadia tribe? • How many villages have a Sardar in the self-government system of the 78-80 Sauria Pahadia tribe? • In the self-governance system of the Sauria Pahadia tribe, who settles Nayak, Sardar internal disputes?

Objectives : Jharkhand Tribes Administrative Systems

1. In the Munda system of governance, what Ans. (d) Hatu is called the head of the village? 3. Which of the following statements (a) Pujar (b) Manki regarding Perha / Paraha is false? (c) Hatu Munda (d) Munda (a) In this system, women are given a high position. Ans. (d) Munda (b) Its head most officers are Kubar, Lal and 2. What is the Gram Panchayat of Munda Karton. called? (c) It is an intergovernmental panchayat. (a) Pujar (b) Parha (d) It is named as the highest judiciary, (c) Akhda (d) Hatu executive and legislature of Munda tribe.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Jharkhand Historical Introducation 2.1

This state is named Jharkhand due to the 'abundance of shrubs and forests'. In various periods, Jharkhand region was known by various names: Period Naming Aitareya Pundr or Pund Vayu Purana Murand Prayag Prasad of Samudragupta Murund Vishnu Purana Mund Bhagwat Purana Kikkat Pradesh Pundarik / Pashubhumi Early Literature Kalind Desh In the 13th century copperplate Jharkhand Tarikh-i-Firozshahi Jharkhand Tarikh-i-Bangla Jharkhand Siyar-ul-Mutkharin Jharkhand By Kabir and Jayasi Jharkhand Akbarnama Jharkhand Ain-i-Akbari Kokra / Khankarah Economics of Kautilya Kukut/ Kukutdesh By Ptolemy Mundal By fahyan Kukkut Lad By hwansang Kau-na-su-fa-la-na / Karna-Suvarna Mughal period /Kukra Tujuk-i-Jahangiri Khokhra Under the rule of Company Chotanagpur Note:

The first literary mention of "Jharkhand Pradesh" is found in Aitareya Brahmin. The first archaeological evidence of the word 'Jharkhand' is found in the 3rd-century Tamapatra) 1. Hensang has used the word 'ki-ching-kai-law' for the palace area and 'damin-i-koh' for its mountainous region. 2. Damin-i-Koh was established in 1837 AD, based on the survey of Captain Tanner. 3. In ancient times, the Santhal Parganas region has been addressed as Narikhand and later Kankajol. 4. After the establishment of the South-Western Frontier Agency in 1833 AD, the headquarters of this agency was known as Wilkisanganj or Kisunpur which later came to be known as Ranchi.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 3 Jharkhand Historical Introducation

Tribals Entrance into Jharkhand The asura The oldest tribes of Jharkhand (Ranchi, Lohardaga, Gumla) Trend Analysis Birjia, Birhor and Khariya Kiring Bapala is related to which tribal? Probably entering Chotanagpur from Kaimur hills (a) Santhal Korba / Korva (b) Birhor Munda, Uraon, Ho (c) H0 (d) Bhumij The Mundas contributed to the establishment of the Ans (a) Santhal Nagavansh. Market Supervisor Competitive Uraon was settled in two sectors called Rajmahal and Examination - 2007 Palamu in Jharkhand. , , Santhal 1,000 BC by the time all the tribes found in Jharkhand, except the Chero, Kharwar and Santhals, had settled in Chhotanagpur area.

The Santhals settled in Hazaribagh in the pre-medieval period and the Santhals expanded into the Santhal Parganas region in the British period.

Important Facts : Jharkhand Historical Introduction

• By what name is Jharkhand addressed in the book Vishnu Purana? Mund • By what name is Jharkhand mentioned by Fahyan? Kukkut Land • By what name is Jharkhand addressed in the Bhagavata Purana? Kikkat Pradesh • Who addressed Jharkhand under the name 'Chotanagpur'? • From which place the entire plateau area from Virbhum is described as Banaras Jharkhand by historian Buchanan? • 19. Where was the headquarters of the South-Western Frontier Agency Kisunpur established in 1833, which was later Known as Ranchi? • 20. From where is the first archaeological evidence of the word Jharkhand From the Prayag obtained? commendation of the 13th century copper sheet • 21, During the Mahabharata period, Jharkhand was under the jurisdiction of Jarasangha which Vrihadrathavanshi King? • 22. By what name is Jharkhand discussed in the Digvijay festival of Mahabharata? Pundarik • 23. Which of the following names is used for Jharkhand in the Mahabharata? cattle land

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 6 Pre History

Archeology

The Archeological excavation of Jharkhand has yielded a large number of stone tools and implements belonging to the early. Middle and later Paleolithic period these proves that prehistoric of Jharkhand The earliest remains found from Jharkhand belong to early Paleolithic period. Among these remains, the important are stone axe, blade, scraper, burin, etc. Such remains have been found from the excavation in Singhbhum, Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Santhal Pargana, Palamu, etc. The remains of middle Paleolithic has been found from Singhbhum, Ranchi, Santhal parganas. In these very places. The remains of later Paleolithic period is also found. These are made small places of stone. Archaeological remains found from various places S.No. Place Archaeological remains 1. Isko (Hazaribagh) Primitive human’s paintings on stones, open sun temple, rock painting gallery 2. Sitagarha Pahad (Hazaribagh) Remains of a Buddhist monastery (especially a stupa with four figures of Buddha and a fragmented statue of a beautiful woman of dark-brown stone) 3. Dudhpani (Hazaribagh) 8th century inscription 4. Dumduma (Hazaribagh) Shivlinga 5. Bhavnathpur (Garhwa) Pictures of hunting, including pictures of animals like deer, buffalo etc. 6. Tools of the three stone ages 7. Barudih (Singhbhum) Paleolithic pieces of soft clay, stone hammer, hard soil and pottery 8. Benusagar (Singhbhum) Jain Sculptures of 7th century 9. Bongara (Singhbhum) Hand-made pottery, stone bead, ax, ring-stone 10. Banaghat (Singhbhum) Neolithic stone, dark colored pottery 11. Lohardaga Bronze cup 12. (Ranchi) Copper and iron tools and arrowheads 13. Murad Copper chain and bronze ring 14. Loopgarhi Burial remains 15. Plateau areas of Chotanagpur Evidence of human habitat etc. 16. (Note: In its rock gallery, pictures of the constellation, spacecraft and space humans are inscribed).

The remains of the Mesolithic period has been found from Ranchi, Singhbhum Palamu. In place like badkagaon, Mandi, etc in district of Hazaribagh and Ramgarh, archaeological excavation has yielded stone tools. Important among these are axes, Scrapers, Blade, Barin etc. In the place named ‘ISKO’ in the . Paintings made by the primitive man, a Large open sun temple, cave etc are found.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Pre History 7

In the painting gallery of ISKO there are many paintings of space ship, space man, constellation etc. Apart from this a Labyrinth kind of structure has also been found. The remains of a Buddhist Monastry has been found in the Sitagarha mountain of Hazaribagh. This belongs to the 6th centuty AD. Chinese traveler Fa-Hein has also refered to this Buddhist monastery Most of the sample of archaeological importance found from Sitagadha are made of grey sand stone. Among these, a stupa with four images, image of a yakshini carved on a stone façade, and an image of woman made of grey sand stone are of great significance Trend Analysis The ‘Ashtadel’ used as the embelem of the , Hazaribagh is a replica of a ashtadal made of Which fort was built by the red sand stone found from Sitagarha former Mughal ruler King Medini Rai? Excavasion of various places in the Palamu division has (a) Palamu Fort yielded stone tools belonging to the early, middle and (b) Rohtashgarh later Paleolithic as well as the Neolithic period. Among (c) Shergarh these axes, sraper and blade are important. (d) Sindra Fort Near Bhavnathpur in Gadhwa district, rare stone painting Ans (a) Palamu Fort and natural caves belonging to the Prehistorical period Junior Engineer Appointment has been found Examination - 2012 In these caves there are paintings of hunting scene. Animals like deer, buffalo. etc have been painted. In a place called Barudih in pieces of pottery, pots ston hammers etc belonging to the stone age have been found Pieces of handmade pottery, ring stone, stone beads, axe etc have been found at a place called bongara in the Singhbhum district. At Banaghat, near Bongara, five stone axes, ring stone, pallet of terracotta, and pieces of black pottery has been found. In Indian archaeology, the word ‘Asur’ has been used for historical identification of many places in district of Ranchi, Gumla and Lohardaga. A cup made of bronze has been found from Lohardaga. At Pandu. A brick wall, mud pot, and copper tools have been found. Four legged stone platform found at pandu is currently kept in museum. A copper chain and a bronze ring has been found from Murad. Lupangdi has evidences or early cemetery. Places like Jurdag, Parsadhik, Jojda, Chipdi etc. have yielded implement belonging to the lower and uppear paleolithic period. Places like Konolko, Saradkel, Bhallaungri, etc has yielded implements of lower paleolithic period Parsadhik has also yielded implements of middle Paleolithic period From Benusagar in Singhbhum district Jain status belonging to the seventh century AD has been discovered At a place called Dudhpani in Hazaribagh district an inscription of 8th century Ad has been found.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 8 Pre History

Archaelogical investigations has yielded evidence of habitation of the primitive man in the hill regions of Jharkhand Deep under ground cave of ice age have been found in ISKO village Atwi tribe of Jharkhand was described in the rock inscription of Chandra Gupta Maurya Chota Nagpur has been mentioned in the rock inscription of king Ashoka

Important Facts: Pre History

• At which place Jain sculptures of the seventh century have been found? Benusagar • The oldest remains of which era have been found in Jharkhand? Pre-Paleolithic period • From which place in Jharkhand, stone tools made by the Stone Age were Hazaribagh found? • From which place of Jharkhand natural caves of prehistoric times and Rare Bhawanathpur shell images received? (Garhwa) • From which place in Jharkhand, the remains of the cemetery have been Lupangadi found? • From which place in Singhbhum the remains of handmade pottery, stone Bonagara bead, ax etc. have been obtained? • From which district of Jharkhand, prehistoric bronze cup is obtained? Lohardaga • 21. From which place in Jharkhand, a four-stone stool has been found, Pandu which has been kept in the museum in Patna Museum? • From which place in Hazaribagh district, huge open sun temple built by Itkhori Adimanav got? • In which place, the remains of 49 copper mines have been found in Baharganda Hazaribagh district? • From which place in Hazaribagh district, copper jewelery and stone beads Lupagadi have been obtained from inside the cemetery? • From which place in , copper and iron tools and arrows have Namkum been obtained? • Which district of Jharkhand has received the bronze cup? Lohardaga • From which state of Jharkhand has an idol in the touch posture of Lord Palamu Fort of Buddha been received? Latehar

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Pre History 9

Objectives: Pre History

1. The oldest tribe of the state of Jharkhand (a) Wilkinsonganj (b) Baharganda is- (c) Singhbhum (d) Virbhum (a) Birjiya (b) Asura Ans. (b) Baharganda (c) Santhal (d) Ho 7. Which tribe of Jharkhand is considered the Ans. (b) Asura initiator of iron age tools? 2. Which tribe is considered the initiator of (a) Asura and Ho Bronze Age tools? (b) Birjiya and Munda (a) Munda (b) Oraon (c) Munda and Ho (c) Asura (d) Ho (d) Asura and Birjiya Ans. (c) Asura Ans. (d) Asura and Birjiya 3. Which of the following statements 8. In which of the following places, pictures regarding Jharkhand is false? of the constellation, spacecraft and space humans from Jharkhand have been (a) Primitive tribes inhabited here. received in Jharkhand? (b) In ancient times, independent kingdom (a) Bhawanathpur (Garhwa) was ruled here under the kings of Nag vanshi, Singh, Chera and Raxel. (b) Benusagar (Singhbhum) (c) For a long time this region was cut off (c) Dudhpani (Hazaribagh) from the outside world. (d) Isko (Hazaribagh) (d) In the prehistoric period, the Chotanag Ans. (d) Isko (Hazaribagh) pur region was covered with dense forests. 9. From which place in Jharkhand have the Ans. (c) For a long time this region was cut off remains of a Buddhist monastery been from the outside world. found? 4. How many of the 72 hand axes found in (a) Dumduma (Hazaribagh) the Neolithic period have been found in (b) Sitagadha Pahar (Hazaribagh) Chotanagpur region? (c) Barudih (Singhbhum) (a) 12 types (b) 11 types (d) Namkum (Ranchi) (c) 8 types (d) 10 types Ans. (b) Sitagadha Pahar (Hazaribagh) Ans. (a) 12 types 10. From which place in Jharkhand, pictures 5. Which of the following was the focal point of archaeological anthems have been of Tamrapolithic period in Jharkhand? obtained, which have pictures of animals (a) Lohardaga (b) Dhanbad like deer buffalo? (c) Palamu (d) Singhbhum (a) Dumduma (Hazaribagh Ans. (d) Singhbhum (b) Plateau area of Chotanagpur 6. From which place in Jharkhand are the (c) (Palamu) remains of 49 copper mines, which are (d) Bhawanathpur (Garhwa) related to the Tamrapolithic period? Ans. (d) Bhawanathpur (Garhwa)

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Ancient History 2.3

Ancient History of Tribes

Khadiya, Birhor and Asur are the earliest tribes of Chotanagpur Munda, Uraon, Ho are tribes of later period. Korwa tribe belong to a period between these two phases. Chero, Kharwar, Bhumij and santhal are tribes of even Later period Thus the chronological order of Tribes is – Khadiya, Birhor, Asur, Korwa, Munda, Uraon, Ho, Chero, Kharwar, Bhumij, Santhal Khadiya and Birjhor perhaps entered Chotanagpur through the hills of Kaimur. Like Virajiya and asur Khadiya are among the initial tribes to enter Chotanagpur The period and path of immigration of the munds tribe is unknown. According to the munda traditions, after the expansion of Aryans they came to Rohtas and later to Chotanagpur. Subsequenty the Mundas laid the foundation of the histroical Naga dynasty. The people belonging to the uraon tribe were perhaps the inhabitants of south India, Who has migrated to many places before reaching Chotanagpur. One of two branches of oraon settled near Rajmahal. The people belonging to the other branch settled in palamu and the remaining came to Chotanagpur By 1000 BC, almost all tribes except chero, Kharwar and Santhal had settled in Chotanagpur region

Historical Period

Buddhism had a deep impact on Chotanagpur region. Even today many historical remains related are found in different parts of Jharkhand. Among these Buddhist monuments of Dalsi and Buddhpur in are most important. Buddhism was at epitime after the entrance of Gupta y dynast which was later on destroyed by famous Shaiv Emperor Shashank. He had even destroyed Bodhitree of , Buddhist Chaityas and constructed Hindu temples. But inspite of the devastation made by him Vajrayan sect of Buddhism survived. also made its presence in Jharkhand. The 23rd Tirthankara of the Jains, Parshvanath achieved salvation on the hills of Parasnath which is situated in the . There is village called Belwadag at a distance of 3 kilo meters from khunti in the south west direction, Where a mound Looks like remains of a Buddhist monastery. Status of Buddha has been found from johna falls in Ranchi, Kutha village in Gumla, a place called Bhoola in Jamshedpur and Ichagarh in Dhanbad. Along with Budhism, Jainism was also widely spread in the Jharkhand region. Parsavnath, the 23rd teerthankar attained the nirvana 8th century B.C. Manbhum in chotanagpur was the centre of jain culture.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 14 Ancient History

of this dynasty was Raja Brahmadev Narayan Singh. The capital was shifted to a place known as Padma which is about 22 km from Hazaribagh A place was also constructed in Padma This place is still existing. Kamakhya Narayan singh sat on the throne of Ramgarh in 1937 . Till the very end Padma remained his capital Trend Analysis The capitals of the Ramgarh state were in this order – What was the Santhal Pargana sisiya, urda, Badam, Ramgarh, , Padma. called in ancient times? (a) Narikhand of Palamu (b) Man-Varjika The chero dynasty of Palamu was a great dynasty like the (c) Kartasina Naga dynasty of Chotanagpur. (d) None of these Chero dynasty was established by Bhagwat Rai. They Ans (a) Narikhand ruled over the Palamu region Sixth JPSC Joint Civil Services Preliminary Exam - 14-12-16 Dhal Dynasty of Singhbhum

In the Dhalbhum region of singhbhum was ruled by the Dhal kings . Kings of Dhal dynasty were probably washerman by caste. They used to offer human sacrifice King of Panchet was also washerman by caste. He had married a Barhman girl. He son from this marriage established the Dhalbhum state.

Khadagdiha State

Khadagdiha state was located in the noth east of Ramgarh state This state was established in the 15th century by a south Indian named Hansraj Basically, he defeated a ruler of Bandwat caste and established his control over a 90 km long region in Hazaribagh. Most of the matrimonial relations of this dynasty was with the Zamindar families of north Bihar

Panchet State

Panchet state was the most powerful state of Manbhum region. According to the prevalent legend about the origin and establishment of this state, it was estabhished by a son of the king and queen of Kashipur born during pilgrimage After growing up this son first became Manjhi, than the king of Pargana Chawrasi Laterhe established the Panchetgarh The king accepted the tail of the Kapila cow as the state emlem. In this way despite a few attacks in the ancient and early medieval period almost all regions of Jharkhand remained independent and the Chotanagpur independence.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Ancient History 15

Important Facts: Ancient History

• By what name is Jharkhand mentioned during the reign of Samudragupta? Kukkut country • In which place of Jharkhand archaeological remains have not been found? Venusagar • The temple of which god was built at Venusagar in Singhbhum, Jharkhand Shiva Temple during the reign of Shashank? • Which ruler destroyed all the Buddhist centers of Jharkhand and tried to Shashank establish the importance of ? • In which area of ​​Jharkhand did Harshavardhan meet Hanensang? Rajmahal • In which district of Jharkhand is the temple of Tanginath built in the pre- Gumla medieval period? • During Chandragupta Maurya's reign, which was sourced from Jharkhand Elephant for the use of army? • Kautilya mentions the receipt of what from the Indravak rivers of Diamond Jharkhand? • Which officer was sent by Ashoka in Jharkhand state to propagate Rakshit Buddhism? • In the Kalinga inscription of which Maurya emperor, in relation to Jharkhand Ashoka it is described that “The tribes of this region should conduct my dhamma.' • From which place in Hazaribagh, have the temples built from the Gupta Maduhi mountain period cut off? • In Jharkhand, Munda Pahan, Mahato and Bhandari system are considered Gupta period as the gift of which period? • In which district of Jharkhand have the remains of a temple built by Palamu Chandragupta I been found?

Objectives: Ancient History

1. Which ruler of Haryak dynasty wanted (b) The army of Nanda dynasty also included to propagate Buddhism in the areas of tribal people. Jharkhand? (c) Elephants were supplied from Jharkhand (c) Bimbisar (d) Nagdashak in the army of Nanda dynasty. (a) Ajatshatru (b) Udaiyein (d) All the above statements are true. Ans. (a) Bimbisar Ans. (d) All the above statements are true. 2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Nanda dynasty? 3. The first ruler of ancient times, whose (a) Jharkhand was part of the Magadha capital was located in the Jharkhand Empire during the Nanda Dynasty. region?

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 18 Medieval History

During the reign of the Singhbhum region came into contact with mughals. Raja Laxmi Narayan Singh, Narpat Singh, Kameshar Singh and Ranjit Singh of Singh dynasty of porhat were cotemporary of Akbar During Akbar’s campains against Afghans Raja Man Singh crossed through Singhbhum in 1591-92. At last the successor of Kameshwar Singh, Raja Ranjit Singh accepted the mughal suzerainty. He also accepted to joint the team of personal guards of Man Singh Almost at the same time Hazaribagh and Dhanbad came into contact of mughals. According to Ain-Akbari two places in Hazaribagh- ‘Chai’ and ‘Champa' were included in Bihar Suba as Parganas Trend Analysis Man Singh defeated many small kings of chotanagpur He Which of the following attacked on Palamu to defeat the . Subsequently commissions presented the the chero king Bhagwat Rai accepted the Mughal knowledge in which a separate Suzerainty. But chero re-establish their independent rule after the death of Akbar in 1605 Jharkhand state was demanded? (a) Sarkariya Commission Madhu Singh of Jharkhand helped Man Singh in his Orissa (b) Aitchison Commission campaign- (c) Simon Commission In 1592 Man Singh made Raj Mahal the capital of Bihar (d) Tottenham Commission and Bengal Ans (c) Simon Commission According to Tujuk-e-Jahangiri, Ibrahim khan in 1615- Combined JSSC Combined 16 attacked Jharkhand and established his control over Graduate Level Exam - 21-06-2016 . At that time Sankh river was famous for diamonds. At the timeof this attack the local ruler was Raja Durjansal. He was arrested and jailed in the . Durjansal had good knowledge about diamonds. Twelve years later, Durjansal was freed and Jehangir returned his state in lies of 6000 annual rent. He was given the title of ‘Shahi’. Durjarnal constructed palace in Navratnagarh of Doisa. This palace reflect the influence of Mughal architecture. In Tujuk-e-Jehangiri Chotanagpur is refered to yield gold. During Jenhagir’s reign two chero kings ruled over palamu. During Jehangirs reign Mughal rule was established in Kokra. During the shahjahan’s reign the Mughal-Naga relation was peaceful and friendly. This relation continued through the seventeenth century. Raghunath Shah of Nagadynasty Constructed temples in Doisa, Chutiya, Jagannathpur, and Bodiya Shaista Khan fed the campaign against the chero king pratap Rai in 1641-42. Chero king pratap Rai accepted the Suzerainty of Mughals. In return was given the Mansab Rani of 1000. During shahjahan’s reign Shaista Khan attacked the Chero king of palamu. This time the king of palamu was Tej rai. There is no information about the relation of Singh dynasty and Man dynasty with the Mughals during Shahjahan‘s reign. During Aurangzeb’s reign mughals were primarily is conflict with chero rulers of palamu. During initial years of Aurangzeb’s reign Medini Rai was the chero king.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 20 Medieval History

In 1929, the name of The United Free Church of Scotland was changed to Santhal Mission of the Church of Scotland.

Other major facts Dr. Andrew Campbell was awarded the title of Kaiser-i-Hind for doing excellent work among the Santhals. Dr. Andrew Campbell is called the ' serang (Devdoot) of Santhals'. The Roman Catholic Mission in Jharkhand started in 1869 AD. In 1899, Saint Columba College was established by the Dublin University Mission in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand. It is the first college in Jharkhand. The Catholic Church (Mother of God Counsel) was established in Ranchi in 1909. It was rebuilt in 1927.

Important Facts: Medieval History

• When was Alaud-Din Khalji's sent to his commander Malik Chanju to 1310 AD conquer the Nagavanshi kingdom in Jharkhand? • Which commander of Alaud-Din Khilji passed through Jharkhand on his Malik Kafur way to conquer South India? • Which Nagavanshi king accepted the subjection of Alaud-Din Khilji? Shiva Temple • Phani Mukut Rai, Benu Karna Shashank • Ferozshah Tughlaq from Shamsiuddin Shah, the ruler of Bengal to Satgavan Hazaribagh ...... conquered the territory and made it the capital of Bengal? • Who did not rule Jharkhand during the rule of the Lodi dynasty? Harikarn • Which dynasty of Orissa invaded Jharkhand during the rule of Lodi dynasty Gajapati Dynasty • Jharkhand remained almost free from the influence of Sultans of which Lodi Dynasty dynasty? • Who was the ruler of Nagavansha in Jharkhand, contemporary of Lodi Pratapakarna, dynasty? Viratkarna, Chhatrakarna • In 1494 AD, Husain Shah Sharqi, the ruler of Jaunpur took refuge in which Sahebganj region of Jharkhand due to the fear of Sikandar Lodi? • Which ruler of Jaunpur used the Jharkhand route to attack Shiv Singh, the Abdulla sharqi ruler of Mithila and Ganesh, the ruler of Bengal? • Which region of Jharkhand did Sher Shah use in his Bengal campaign? Rajmahal area • Which Chero ruler was defeated by Sher Shah's commander Khavas Khan Maharat chero to obtain an elephant named Shyam Sundar?

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Modern History 23

Chotanagpur Proper

When the English entered chotanagpur proper, rulers was Dripnath shahi of Naga dynasty.

Dripnath shahi met camac in Satbarwa and accepted the overlordship of English and agreed to pay Rs 12000

Hazaribagh

In the Hazaribagh region the English had to face the stiffest Trend Analysis challenge from the Ramgarh state Under whose leadership was the King of Ramgarh Mukand singh kept opposing the English 'Ulagulan movement' started till the very end. against British colonialism? (a) Birsa Munda The British entered Hazaribagh under the leadership of (b) Kanua Murmu captain camac. (c) Tilka Manjhi (d) Saheb Munda In 1772 Ramgarh was attacked Makund singh fled to Ans (a) Birsa Munda Panchet. Tej Singh was declared as the king of Ramgarh. JSSC Motor Vehicle Inspector In 1773 Ramgarh, Palamu and Chotanagpur proper were Exam - 2016 merged to form the Ramgarh district.

Santhal Pargana

This region was earlier knows as the jungle Terai.

In 1592 Rajmahal was made the capital of Bengal. It remained its capital till 1660 British had arrived Rajmahal even before the Battle of

In 1676 the British established trading agencies in Rajmahal

In 1742 marathas captured Rajmahal.

In 1757 after his defeat in battle of plassey. siraj-ud-daulah reached Rajmahal

In 1763 Major Adams defeated Mir Qasim to establish the control of company over Rajmahal.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Arohi Publications Chapter Tribal Revolts 2.6

Tribal Revolts: At a Glance Movement/Revolt Related Place Period Leader Suppressor Dhaal Revolt Dhalbhum 1767-77 Dhal L. Ruk, C. Margan Chuar Revolt Singhbhum 1769-1805 Raghunath Mahato, L. Gudyar, M. Shyam Ganjam Crofrd Chero Revolt Palamu 1770-1818 Chitrjeet Rai, Jaynath C. Jacob Camak Singh Bhogta Revolt Palamu 1770-71 Jaynath Singh C. Jacob Camak Ghatwal Revolt Ramgarh 1772-73 Many Ghatwal Sardar C. Jacob Camak Pahariya Revolt Santhal Paragna 1772-80 Jagannath Dev, Cliveland Sarveshwari Tilka Revolt Bhagalpur 1773-85 Tilka Manjhi Cliveland and Ayarcoot Tamar Movemnt Ranchi, Panchet, 1782-1807 Vishnu and Mauji Manki C. Ben and Limond Veerbhum Munda Revolt - 1793-1832 Many Leaders - Ho Revolt Kolhan 1820-21 Poto Sardar - Kol Revolt All places except 1831-32 Singrai Manki, Surga C. Wilkinson Hazaribagh Munda Bhumij Revolt Baabhum, 1832-33 Ganga Narayan C. Wilkinson Singhbhum Santhal Revolt Santhal Pargana 1855-57 Sidhu-Kanhu C. Aleczender Sardari Movement - 1858-70 Many Kol Leaders - Safahod - 1870 Lal Hembram - Movement Kharwar Santhal Pargana 1874 Bhagirath Manjhi - Movement Munda Ulgulan Ranchi, Khunti 1895-1900 Birsa Munda - Tana Bhagat - 1913-1914 Jatra Bhagat - Movement Haribaba Singhbhum 1931 Haribaba / Duka Ho - Movement Note: L- lieutenant, M- Major, C- Captain

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 32 Tribal Revolts

Within two months of his release in 1917 he suddenly died. Non-violence was accepted as the weapon in this movement. In the third phase of this movement Tana Bhagat participated in National movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. In 1921 Tana Bhagat participated in the Noncooperation movement under the teadership ofSidhu Bhagat . Tana Bhagat participated in the Gaya session of congress in 1922 and in the Nagpur session of 1923. In the 1940 Ramgarh session of congress, Tana Bhagat gifted a sum of Rs 400 to Mahatma Gandhi.

Tilka Manjhi Brief Introduction – Cause - exploitation of local people by Birth – 11 February 1750 money lenders promised by British, due to Birth Place – Tilakpur circulation of coins

Caste – Santhal (Murmu) Death of people due to famine and confirmation of exploitative policy of Father – Sundra Murmu government. Second Name – Jabra Pahadia The attempt of the government to forcefully Centre of Revolt – Vanachrijor promote the imported goods luxury (Bhagalpur) Significance of the - Participation of English officer – Augustus cleveland Revolt woman

Killed in revolt Public welfare - Emphasis on Date of encounter - 13th Jan 1784 continuation of With cleveland barter sytem in Famines during the - 1770 to 1777 trade life time of Birsa Work - Emphasis on Period of revolt - 1783 to 1785 unity Form of Revolt - Guerilla war Plundering of The process of - Circulation of - British. Treasury mobilization sal leaves and godown and of support distributing it amons poors Person Who - Jaurah (paharia captured Tilka chielf) Execution of Tilka - 1785

Jatra Bhagat: Brief Introduction Birth 1888 (chingri Nava Toli Bighunpur Block, Gumla) Father Kodal oraon Mother Libri Wife Bandhni

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Tribal Revolts 33

Tana Bhagat Movement : At Glance Beginning 1914 Place Chotanagpur Rebelling Tribe Oraon Leader Jatra Bhagat Cause Cultural reasons Exploitation

Brisa Munda : A Brief Introduction Birth 15th November 1875 Place Ulihatu (Tamar) Father Sugana Munda Mother Kadmi Munda Teacher Anand Pandey Tribe Munda Diety Singbonga (God Surya) Name of Revolt Munda Ulgulan Early activity Participatated in Land movement in during his student life Participated in Jungle movement in Chakradharpur Area of munda Ranchi, Singbhum Revolt Early nature of Revolt Reformist Colleagues of Birsa Gaya Munda Soma Munda Donka Munda Causes of munda High revenue rate Revolt Ring policies of Christian missionaries Exploitation by Zamindars and money lenders Significance of Munda (Chotanagpur Revolt Tenancy Act 1908) Separate Subdivision of Gumla and Khunti estabhished New court of Law survey of Ranchi district Ban on Baith Begari Birsa declared as 1895 messanger of God Influence of Religion Hinduism, Chris tianity, Munda rehgion Song of the Revolt Katong Baba katong’ Imprisionment of 24/8/1895- 30/11/ Birsa 1897 - 03/02/1900- 09/06/ 1900 Prision Doranda (Ranchi) Death 9th June 1900 in Ranchi Jail due to diarrhea

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 34 Tribal Revolts

Trend Analysis Who started Tana Bhagat Movement? (a) Jatra Oraon (b) Shibu Oraon (c) Theble Oraon (d) None of the above Ans (a) Jatra Oraon JPSC 6th Combined Civil Service (Mains) Exam-2019

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Tribal Revolts 35

Important Facts: Tribal Revolt

• What was the period of the Dhal uprising? 1767-1777 • Which of the region of Bhumij were called Chuar/Chuad? Junglemahal • Which of the rebellion was parallel to Chero Rebellion? Bhogata Rebellion • Which of the place was the Ghatwal rebellion done? Ramgarh • What was the main objective of the Tilaka movement? Protecting tribal rights, Freedom from feudalism, Fighting against the British • Vanchrijor was the main center of the Tilaka movement. By what Bhagalpur name is Vancharijor presently known? • Which British officer suppressed the Munda revolt in Bundu and Rahe L. Faller in 1793 AD? • Who led the Munda rebellion of Silli and Rahe in 1807 AD? Dukhan Manki • Who led the Bhumij Rebellion? Ganga Narayan • Which rebellion is called "Ganga Narayan's uproar"? Bhumij Rebellion • Which law was enacted during Sardari movement to revive the rights Chhotanagpur Land Act of tribes? • Who gave the leadership to the Safahod movement? Lal Hembram • Who led the second phase of the Kharwar movement against the Duvidha Gosain 1881 AD census? • In which area did the Kharwar movement take place? Santhal Pargana • When did 'Munda Ulagulan' start under the leadership of Birsa 1895 Munda? • Which movement / rebellion is considered an extension of Birsa Tana Bhagat Movement movement? • Haribaba movement is related to which tribe? Ho • What was the main reason for tribal movements? Exploitation of tribals

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

National Movement 2.7

1857 Revolt Revolt of 1857 started in Jharkhand from the Rohini village of with the rebellion of mutiny/army.

32nd Regiment of Army under the command of Major Mac Donald was in this village Rohini where three army personnel rebelled & killed Lt. Norman Leslee. Epicenter of the 1857 Revolt covered Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Valley of Chutupal, Chatra, Palamu and Chaibasa. On 30 July, personnel from Hazaribagh & Ramgarh rebelled but Ranchi turned to be the epicenter of the revolt. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdev, Tikait Umraon Singh, Pandey Ganpat Roy, Shikh Bhikhari from Ranchi, Jagat Lal Singh of Hazaribagh, Jamadar Madhav Singh of Nadir Ali, the king of Porahat (Singhbhum) Arjun Singh, Chero Sardar Bhawani Raj of Vishrampur, Neelam bar & Peetambar along with other leaders played important role in 1857 Revolt. The headquarter of Ramgarh Battalion was situated in Ranchi. Captain Simpson was the deputy commissioner of Hazaribagh during the revolt of 1857. ‘Mukti Vahini Sena’ of Thakur Viswanath Shahdav & Pandey Ganpat Roy had important contribution to this first struggle of freedom Vishwanath Shahdev was the founder of Mukti Vahini Sena, Pandey Ganpat Roy was appointed command and sheikh Bhikhari was among prominent Soldiers in Mukti Vahini Sena. Mukti Vahimi Sena was in frequent contact with Babu Kunwar Singh. British Major Nashan arrested Thakur Vishwanath Shahdev and Pandey Ganpat Roy on March 1858 near the forest of Kankrang Ghat of Lohardagga district with the aid of two traitors Zamindar Mahesh Narayar Shahi and Vishwanath Dubey. On the order of Commissioner Dalton, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdev and Pandey Ganpat Roy were hanged on March 1858 and 16 April 1858 respectively near the main gate of present Zila School. Tikait Umrao Singh and his Dewan Sheikh Bhikhari of Ormajhi were also hanged on 8 January 1858 in Chutupalu Valley. A historic battle took place on 2 October 1857 between a Major English on the one hand and Jai Mangla Pandey & Nadir Ali on the other hand. Jai Mangal Pandey and Nadir Ali were too hanged under mango tree near pount in chatra on order of deputy commissioner Simson.

Revolutionary Terrorist and Jharkhand: Jharkhand was the part of United Bengal prior to 1912 so, the revolutionary movements of Bengal also left a deep impact in Jharkhand

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 42 National Movement

53rd Session of Congress: At a Glance Start 19-20 March 1940 President ship Maulana abul Kalam Azad. President, Reception committee Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Vice President, Reception committee Shri Krishna Singh, Dr. Syed Mehmoor General Secy, Reception committee Shri A.N. Singh Place Ramgarh Advertising officer, reception Shri Gyan Chandra Sodhi committee Officer, Reception Committee Shri Ambika Kant Singh Important Self Volunteers Shrimati Sarla Devi Kumari Prema Kantal Kumar Indramati Junaj, Kumari Tara Patwardhan, Shrima ti Bhyojo Bhartwarker

Quit India Movement and Jharkand: Congress called for QIM in Aug 1942. Jharkhand was also influenced by this and people with full enthusiastic participated in QIM. Almost all Congress leaders were arrested after the proposal of QIM was passed on 8 Aug. Hartal took place in Ranchi & Jamshedpur on 9th Aug & 10th Aug respectively. Two prominent leaders Ram Narayan Singh & Sukh lal Singh were arrested on 9 Aug from Hazaribagh.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 48 National Movement

The Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council was constituted in 8 districts of Santhal Parganas and Chhotanagpur.

State Formation - Final Phase On 22 July 1997, the Bihar Assembly passed a resolution for the formation of a separate Jharkhand state and sent it to the Central Government. In 1998, on the basis of the resolution passed by the Bihar Legislative Assembly, the Central Government prepared the Bihar State Reorganization Bill related to Trend Analysis the Vananchal State and sent it to the Government of Who gave the slogan 'Lalkhand' Bihar for its approval, which was rejected from the Bihar for the demand of separate Legislative Assembly. Jharkhand state? (a) Vinod Bihari Mahto On 25 April 2000, the Bihar State Reorganization Bill, 2000 (b) was approved by the Government of Bihar for a separate (c) A.K. Roy Jharkhand State. (d) Raghunath Mahto The Bihar State Reorganization Bill was passed by the Lok Ans (c) A.K. Roy Sabha on August 2, 2000 and the Rajya Sabha on August JSSC Reserve Competitive 11, 2000. Examination - 2016 On August 25, 2000, President K.R. Narayanan signed the Bihar State Reorganization Bill 2000 and approved it. On November 15, 2000, as the 28th state of the country, the image of a separate state named Jharkhand was printed on the map of India. At the time of formation of the state of Jharkhand, the President of India was Shri K.R. Narayanan. At the time of the formation of the state, there was a government of the National Democratic Alliance at the center and the Prime Minister of India was Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The of Bihar was Rabri Devi at the time of the formation of the state. The Vananchal Pradesh (Now Jharkhand) was demanded by the BJP in 1988. In 1928, it was recommended by the Simon Commission to make Jharkhand a separate state, which did not achieve any success. In 1929, a memorandum was submitted by the Simon Commission for the formation of a separate Jharkhand state. Jharkhand is 46 percent of the area of United Bihar. The Labor Union Movement was led by AK Rai in the coal sector of Dhanbad. In 1931, a Kisan Sabha was formed by Thebale Oraon.

Arohi Publications JharkhandJharkhand - To - To The The Point Point National Movement 49

Jharkhand Movement and Formation of Separate State

JharkhandJharkhand - To - To The The Point PointArohi Publications Arohi PublicationsJharkhand - To The Point 50 National Movement

Important Facts: National Movement

• When did the revolt of 1857 begin in Jharkhand? June 12, 1857 • Where did the 1857 rebellion in Jharkhand begin? Rohini, Deoghar • Which regiment's army was stationed in Rohini village during the revolt of 32nd Regiment 1857? • During the revolt of 1857, in whose hands was the command of the 32nd McDonald Regiment Army deployed in the village of Rohini? • On which river is the village Rohini situated? Ajay • Where was the headquarters of Ramgarh Battalion located during the Ranchi Revolt of 1857? • The only session of Congress was organized in Ramgarh, Jharkhand. What 53rd session was it? • Who presided over the 53rd Session of Congress held in Jharkhand in Abul kalam azad 1940? • At the Congress session of Ramgarh, who presented the proposal related J. B. Kriplani to Satyagraha? • During the Congress session of Ramgarh in 1940 AD, who organized an all Subhash Chandra India anti-compromise conference? Bose • Which of the following national organizations was formed during the only Forward block session of the Congress in Ramgarh, Jharkhand? • The foundation stone of which party was laid during the Congress session Redical Democratic of Ramgarh in 9, 1940 AD? Party

Objectives : National Movement

1. In which city of Jharkhand, an institution (a) Independent League called Swarna Sangh (Golden League) was (b) Jharkhand League formed with the objective of spreading revolutionary activities during the era of (c) India Association revolutionary nationalism? (d) Golden League (a) Hazaribagh (b) Bokaro Ans. (d) Golden League (c) Deoghar (d) Ranchi 3. Which of the following revolutionaries Ans. (c) Deoghar of Jharkhand was related to Rodda Arms 2. In the era of revolutionary nationalism, case? which institution was established (a) Raj Narayan Basu and Arvind Ghosh in Devghar by the country's leading (b) B.B. Mitra and Varendra Ghosh revolutionary Varindra Kumar Ghosh?

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Time line of Jharkhand 2.8 History

Jharkhand’s Chronology of History S. N. Time Remark 1 6000- Invention of copper (probably is Singbhum) 3000 2. 3000- Bronoze Age in Jharkhand. (Asuras Birhor & Birklya continued through copper Age to 2000 Bronze Age to Iron Age). 3. 2000- Iron Age in Jharkhand. 1000 4. 1500 Neolithic culture in Jharkhand 5. 717 23rd Tirthankaras of Jain Pasharvanath get nirvana in Giridih. 6. 600 According to S.C Roy, Jharkhand seen the entry of Mundas, sreed of Buddism and Jainism, Struggle between Asuras and Mundas. 7. 335- Samudra Gupta got victory over Atwik and Jharkhand was in the Atwik region. So 540 Jharkhand came under the control of Samudra Gupta. 8. 602- Jharkhand fell under the Gaur Ruler Shashank. 25 9. 606- Kajangal (Rajmahal) under Harkhvardhan. 47 10. 8th First branch of Singh Dynasty under Kashinath singh founded. 11. 1122 Nagvanshi Ruler of Chhotanagpur Khas. Bheemkarn made Khukhra the capital. 12. 1204- Bakhtiyar Khilji (commander of Qutubuddin Aibak) crossed through Jharkhand in his 05 way to Bengal. 13. 1205 Singh Dynasty of Singhbhum established its dominance under arpan Narayan Singh. 14. 1262- Rule of Yudhisthir, Suceesor of Darpan Narayan Singh. 71 15. 1310 Chhajju Malik, commander of Alauddin Khilji, collected tax from Nagvanshi Ruler. 16. 1340 Mali Bayan (commander of Mohd. Bin. Tughlaq)attacked Chaichappa near Hajaribagh). 17. 1360 Arrival of Turks in Jharkhand. Firoz’s Expedition to Bihar. 18. 1575 Mughals in Jharkhand. 19. 1765 Expedition to undertake Jharkhand under British. 20. 1771 Jharkhand under the control of East India company. 21. 1772- Paharia Revolt. 82

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Jharkhand : Literature and 3.1 Writers

Jharkhand various languages, literature, art, painting art, drama, folklore, are present in its prime culture with all its diversities. Regional diversity has played a great role in it. Though, wide mixture and distinction is seen when it came to the contact of external culture but in some areas it is still intact. On the basis of language, there are three main languages in the state which have different dialects. The three main families of these languages are: Indo-Aryan Angika Dravidian

Nagpuri (Sadri) Scholars have different opinions on the origin of Nagpuri literature. Sir George Abraham Grierson, in his book, 'The Linguistic Survey of India', has described Nagpuri language as a sub-dialect of . Professor Kesari Kumar Singh, in his article `Nagpuri Bhasha evam Sahitya' described that just like Magadhi and Maithili, Nagpuri language is a definite language derived from Magadhi. Dr. Shravan Kumar Goswami, in his research work 'Nagpuri Shisht Sahitya', considered Nagpuri as the 'Auras' child of the Indo-Aryan family and it is believed to be originated from Ardhmagadhi. Nagpuri language is mostly spoken in Ranchi, Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Singhbhum, Latehar in Jharkhand and Jaspur Sarguja, Korwa in Chhatisgarh and Sundargarh, Keonjhar and Baripada districts of Orissa. It is also being spoken in the tea gardens of Assam. Nagpuri folk culture is rich in folk songs, folk tales, riddles and literature. Nagpuri has the abundance of Bangla mixed Nagpuri and typical Nagpuri folk songs. If compared, Nagpuri folk-tales appears to he similar to Vedas narrations, Jataka tales, Kathasarit Sagar, Baital Pachisi, Singhasan Battisi, Hitopdesh and Panchatantra etc. in Nagpuri urban literature songs, poetry, stories, novel, drama, essay. edition etc., and all these literary genres are burn. Raghunath Nripati is considered as the first poet of Nagpuri language. In the first tradition, apart from Raghunath Nripati, Hanuman Singh, Barjuram, Jai Govind, Ghasi Ram, Mahant Ghasi, Kanchan etc. are also considered. Nagpuri prose literature is believed to be developed by the Christian missionaries around 1900 B.C. E.H. Whitley introduced Nagpuri Grammar for the first time in 'Notes on the Gangwari Dialect of Lohardaga, Chotanagpur' in 1896 B.C. This work is considered to be the start of Nagpuri prose literature. There are many compositions in Nagpuri Literature, they are shown in following Table: S.No. Composition/Books Writer 1. Nagvanshavali Beniram Mehta 2. Nagpuri Phag Shatak, Lal Ranjna, Durga Saptshati, Vanshavali, Jhoomar Ghasiram Mahli 3. Sudama Charitra, Krishna Charitra, Mahabharat, Lanka Kand, Usha Kanchan Haran

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 10 Jharkhand : Literature and Writers

Beartha Biha (Story-collection) Trend Analysis Lodhro Somdhi (Story-collection) Which of the following is the main Kharia Kavitayein (Collection) language of Northern Mundas? Juijhar Dod (Drama) (a) Santhali Mud Sindaki (Drama) (b) (c) Mundari Hindi Literature And Writers (d) Khariya Ans (a) Santhali There is a remarkable contribution of Jharkhand in the JSSC Intermediate Level area of Hindi literature. Christian missionaries have always Combined Exam - 21-01-2018 played an advanced role in it. They translated The Bible into Hindi and used it as the medium of preaching. Hindi literature covers the genres of nosy. novel, drama, poems, essays, articles etc. Hindi Novels in Jharkhand The creation period of novels in Jharkhand can be considered before the stories. In 1906, the first novel of Jharkhand, 'Rajputani Shaan', composed by Raja Ramcheez Singh Ballabh of Chakradharpur, He also published two more novels named lalita' and 'Umashankar'. Between 1910-1947, there were only four novelists in Jharkhand and ten if their works were published. Ramdeen Pandey from Daltonganj wrote novels named, Widhyarthi', `Chalti Pitari' and 'Vaasna'. Hadvandari Rant Haldhar's novel 'Kangaal Ki Beti' and Satya Narayan Sharma's novel 'Atmaltanta' and 'Tootti hui Zanjeerein' became very popular. The real development of novels is found after 1945 by Dr. Dwarka Prasad and Radhakrishna. Among the main novels of Dr. Dwarka Prasad are 'Swayamsewak', `Ghere ke Bahar', Ranjna 'Bediyaan', Ankush' etc. Radhakrishna wrote some very important novels, 'Footpath', `Roopantar, 'Bogus', 'Sansanate Sapne' and `Sapne Bikau Hain'. After 1990, numerous novels have been written on the current affairs related to Jharkhand, which includes, 'Kalimaati' by Satishchandra, 'Shram evam Jayte' by 'Jainandan, 'Agnipurush' by Shyam Bihari Shyamal, 'Samar Shesh Hai' by Vinod Kumar, `Subah ke Intezaar Mein' by Vasudev, 'Mister Unfit' by Avdhesh Sharma, `Aakhar Chaurasi' by Kamal, `Kaalpurush' by Devesh Tanti. In recent times, famous litterateur Ranendra has given a detailed description of the regionalism of Jharkhand by his works 'Global Gaon ke Devta' and `Gayab Hota Hua Desh'. 'Gyab Hota Hua Desh' is a composition centered on the Munda tribe. Hindi Stories in Jharkhand

The early period of Hindi story is believed to be mainly from 1900 A.D. to 1910 A.D. Its development in Jharkhand was done through the publication of Radhakrishna's story `Sinha Sahab' through Hindi Magazine `Galpmala'. Radhkrishna was born on 8th September 1910. Since 1930, stories written by Dwarka Prasad were published in a magazine called `Jharkhand'.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 14 Jharkhand : Literature and Writers

Important Facts: Jharkhand Literature and Writers

• What is the literal meaning of the first novel of the Santhali language Village of Hadma 'Hadamvak Aato'? • Who was the novelist of the first Santhali language novel 'Hadamvak Aato'? R. Kartairs • Which is the second novel in Santhali language? Muhila Chechet Dai • In which script was the first poetry collection of Santhali language 'Kukmu' Devnagari Script published? • Who wrote 'Kukmu', the first poetry collection of Santhali language? Bal Kishore Sahu • What is the literal meaning of 'Kukmu', the first poetry collection of The dream Santhali language? • The second novel of Santhali language, "Muhila Chechet Dai" was written Nanku Soren by? • What is the literal meaning of 'Muhila Chechet Dai', the second novel of Diamond Santhali language? • Lady Teacher Rakshit • What is the name of the first literary drama of Santhali language? Vidu Chandan • Who edited the first Santhali language newspaper 'Hod Samvad'? Doman Sahu Sameer • In which year was the first newspaper edited? 1947 • Who was the dramatist of the first literary drama 'Vidhu Chandan' in Raghunath Murmu Santhali language? • In which script was the first literary drama "Vidhu Chandan" published in Oriya Language Santhali language? • Who was the author of the book 'Santhali Praveshika' published in the year Doman Sahu 1951? Sameer • In 1953, 'Bharaka Impil', a collection of 41 Santhali poems was published Devanagari by Sharda Prasad Kisak. In which script was it?

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Tribes and Their Culture 3.2

The fifth schedule covers Tribal areas in states of India namely Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujrat, Himachal Pradesh, , Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odhisa and Rajasthan. The fifth schedule under Article 244(2) of the constitution defines “ schedule Areas” as such areas as the president may by order declare to the schedule Area after constitution with the Governor of the state. According to census 2011, Tribal population of Jharkhand is 86,45,042 which constitute 26.21% of total population of the Jharkhand. There are 32 tribes in Jharkhand. Actually, they are categorized into two parts- Main Tribes (24) and Aboriginal tribes (8). Eight aboriginals tribes are : - Asur , Birhor, Birjia, Korwa, Pahariya (Baiga), Sabar, Mal- Pahariya and Souriya Pahariya . List of Schedule Area in Jharkhand S. No District Blocks under scheduled Area 1. Ranchi Burmu, Mandar, Chanho, Bero, Lapung, Ratu,Silli, Namkum, kanke, Angara, Sonahatu, Tamar, Bundu, Arki, Khunti, Murhu, Karra, Topra, , Rania. 2. Lohardaga- Kisko, kuru, Lohardaga, Senha, . 3. Gumila Biahnpur, Ghaghra, Chainpur, Dumri, Raidih, Gumla, Sisai, Bharno, Kamdera, basia, Palkot. 4. Simdega kolebira, Bano, Jaldega, Thathaitangar, Kurdega, Simdega, Bolwa. 5. Latehar Barwadih, Balumath, Chandwa, Latehar, Garu, Mahutanr, Manika. 6. Garhwa Bandaria 7. West Singhbhum Bandgaon, Chakradharpur, Sonua, Goelkera, Manoharpur, Noamundi, Jagannathpur, Manjgaon, Manjhari, Tantnagar, Jhainkpani, Khuntipani, Chai basa, Kumardungi. 8. Saraikela Govindpur (Raj Nagar), Adityapur (Gomharia), Saraikela, Kharsawan, Kuchai, Chandil, Kharsawan, Singbhum Ichagarh, Namdih. 9. East Singhbhum Golmuri Jugsalai, Patamada, Potka, Dumaria, Musabani,Ghatshila, Dhalbhumgarh, chakulia, Baharagora. 10. Dumka , , Jama Ramgarh, Gooikander, Dumka, Kathi Kund, , Rameshwar, Masalia. 11. Sahibgani Borio, Talkharia, Rajmahal, Sahibganj, , Patna, Barhet.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Tribes and Their Culture 21

The festivals observed by the Lohars are ‘fagua’ and ‘Sohrai’. Singbouga and Dharati Mai are their supreme god and Goddesses. The lohars bury their dead in the graveyard called Masna. Tribe And Their Culture.

Bhumij This tribe also known as matku. They are mainly concentrated in the region of Dhalbhum of east singhbhum. They mainly found the areas lying between the kasai and the subranrekha rivers. The are agriculturists. Racially the Bhumij are proto- Austroloids and linguistically Kolarian The name of their clan are patli, Jeola , Gulu and Hembrom. Bhumij also believe in God, Similar to Hindu.

Mahli Trend Analysis Which of the following is a They are considered as Dravidian caste of labourers. primitive tribe? They found in Ranchi, Gumla, Lohardaga, Hazaribagh. (a) Kawar There are five sub of the Mahli tribe. These are (b) Kora 1. Bansphor Mahli (c) Karmali (d) Korwa 2. Patar Mahli Ans (d) Korwa 3. Sulunkhi Mahli JPSC Sixth Joint Civil Competitive 4. Tanti Mahli Exam (First Paper) - 18-12-2016 5. Munda Mahi Their religion is a mixture of animism and Hinduism. They also celebrate festivals like karma, Sarhul, Maghe, etc.

Korwa

They are one of the kolarian tribes . They consider themselves as the original in habitants of palamu district. They have 7 clan. Their most important deities are the Bhagwan (supreme God), Pat Devta. One Korwa is allowed to keep not more than 3 wives. polygamy is permitted only when the first wife is childless.

Cheros They are mainly concentrated in palamu and of Jharkhand. In Palamu , they are known as Barahazar. Divorce is permissible on charges of adultery of the wife. All chero women are tattooed. Cheros celebrate birth and death ceremonies like the .

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 26 Tribes and Their Culture

Important Facts: Tribes and Their Culture

• Which group does the Santhal Tribe belong to? Proto-Australoid group • The language of Oraon Tribe is? Kudukh • What is general meaning of 'Munda' Specific person • Which marriage is considered the best in the Ho tribe? Aadi Vivah • Which tribe does not have an institution like adult house? Kharwar • In which tribe, 'Ololade' marriage is popular? Khariya • Species of Lohra tribe is? mongoloid • Species of Bhumij tribe is? Proto-Australoid group • How many gotras are found in the Mahli tribe? 16 • In terms of species, In which class the Karmali tribe is placed? Proto-Australoid group • What is general meaning of 'Baiga'? Priest • The main language of 'Khond' tribe is? Bangla • The main occupation of 'Bthudi' tribe is? Agriculture and Labour • Species of Binjhiya tribe is? Dravid • Species of Gond tribe is? Dravid

Objectives : Tribes and Their Culture

1. Which tribe has the highest population (c) Santhal among the tribes residing in the state of (d) Oraon Jharkhand? Ans. (a) Munda (a) Munda (b) Ho 4. Under which article of Indian constitution, (c) Santhal (d) Oraon tribes are notified by the President? Ans. (c) Santhal (a) Article 340 (b) Article 342 2. Which tribe has the second highest population among the tribes residing in the (c) Article 338 (d) Article 339 state of Jharkhand? Ans. (b) Article 342 (a) Munda (b) Ho 5. Which of the following statements is not (c) Santhal (d) Oraon true regarding the tribes of Jharkhand? Ans. (b) Oraon (a) Gender-discrimination is not allowed in 3. Which tribe has the third highest population tribal society. among the tribes residing in the state of (b) Women do not have an honorable place Jharkhand? in the tribal society of Jharkhand. (a) Munda (c) The tribal society of Jharkhand is (b) Ho patriarchal.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Art and Culture 3.3

The cultural mosaic of Jharkhand was dreamt about, shaped and polished by generations of communities, which have inhabited this land since time immemorial.

From the legendary Asurs and Santhals, to the Banjara, Bihor, Chero, Gond, Ho, Khond, lohra, Mal Pahariya, Munda, Oraon, Kol or Kawarover thirty-two tribal groups (28 % of the total population of the state), have left their impression on the culture of the region. Along with the cross-cultural influences of local non-tribal communities and successive waves of Buddhism and Jainism, Mughal rule and the reign of the Hindu emperors of Bengal have contributed to the . Art historians ascribe the ‘oldest cave paintings’ in India, the “scroll paintings” to a Jharkhand tribe known as the Shabars. It is an established fact that Stone Age tools discovered in Hazaribagh district and axes and spearheads found in the Chaibasa area, are remnants of a civilization dating back a few thousand years. 10,000 to 30,000 years old rock paintings, paintings in huge caves in the hills and other indicators of ancient, even pre-historic, human settlements are found in profusion.

Folk Dances of Jharkhand

The people of Jharkhand have their unique and specific types of dance and music styles. The most popular dances of Jharkhand include Jhumar, Paika, Chhou, Agni, Santhal, Nachni, Jamda, Ghatwari, Natwa, Choukara, Sohrai, Lurisayro, and Matha. These dance forms are very graceful, rhythmic and attractive, and are heavily accompanied by the drum beats and the songs or music. Dance forms echo warrior-like movements of battles fought long ago, for the men. Observations of animal and bird behaviour are also blended into the dancing, sometimes light and airy, sometimes heavy and solemn, as the mood demands. Everyday activities of womenfolk—working in the fields, in the forests, in their homes, all reflect themselves in dance forms like the timeless Chhau, which requires agility, suppleness and skilful hand movements. The Seraikela school of Chhau is held during the Sun Festival. It is influenced by the principles of Bharatiya but the theme is based on folk-lore, nature and mythology. The choreography follows in composition and execution. Some of the important dance forms which are practiced in Jharkhand include:

Karma Dance

Karma dance which is also popularly known as Karma Naachis is performed by the tribes of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and other regions of the country.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 42 Art and Culture

These ornaments are simple but depicts the traditional culture of the region. Pottery Pottery items like Vases, earthenware and jars are made by skilled potters for domestic use as well as artefact which are immensly by popular overseas. Gonda Grass Items Trend Analysis Gonda grass is used to make curtains, mats, coaste and file folders. Which one of these is not a of Jharkhand? Lac Jewellery (a) Paika (b) Ghumar lac grows on branches of certains trees and is a product (c) Natua of insect origin. It yeilds wax dye, resin and is used in pertumes, (d) Chhau bangles and jewellery. Ans (d) Chhau Terracotta Items Government High School Teacher Appointment Exam - 2009 Clay and terracotta items are made by the Kumhar community and are used in the making of jars, vases figurines and other decorative articles. Paper Mache Masks made of paper mache are made in various colours and they are used in chhau dances. Animal and bird figures are also made of peper mache. Leather Products Leather products like shoes, bags etc are designed by the craft industry along with cotton, wollen and Jute products lite sweaters, bags etc. Musical Instruments

The various dances are accompained by musical instruments like drums known as Nagara, Oraoan, Tamak which are conical at the bottom crafted out of iron sheets and the mouths is covered with buffalo's hide. There are clay drums like Tundak or Mandar which are covered with goat skin and Dholki made of wood from the jackfruit tree. The stringed instrument like Sarangi and the horn clarinet, banjo, flute, , dafli, cymbals and the are all manufactured in Jharkhand.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 52 Fair and Festivals

Kothaiya Mela in Chatra The probable year of origin is 1925. It is held on Magh Basant panchami and is principally a cattle fair.

Tutilawa Mela in Simaria The probable year of origin is 1935 and is principally a cattle fair held on Falgun purnima.

Lawalong Mela in Chatra The probable year of its origin is 1880. It is held at the time of Aghan purnima. Trend Analysis Belgada Mela in Simaria: According to Hindu calendar when The probable year of its origin is 1920 and this is principally is Karma festival celebrated? a cattle airf held in Baisakh purnima. (a) Bhado (b) Ashwin Bhadli Mela in Itkhori (c) Kartik (d) Falgun There is an ancient temple of Goddess Kali and lord Shiva. Ans (a) Bhado The origin of the mela is not known. It is only religious gathering on JSSC Junior Engineer Exam - 2014 Makar Sankaranti.

Sangharo Mela in Chatra It is held in Sawan Purnima. The origin of this fair is not known.

Barura Sharif in Pratappur

Barura Sharif is a shrine on the bank of Sat Bahini river in Pratappur. It is said that the sufi saint came here in the latter half of the 18th century. The Hindus and the Muslim alike come here to pay respect to the reverend saint at his Mazaar. People suffering from evil spirits come here in large number and get themselves cured.

Rabda Sharif in Pratppur

There is a Mazaar (Shrine) of Data Faham Khyal Shah at Rabda Sharif in Pratappur who was contemporary to Data Amir Ali Shah of Barura Sharif. Here annual fair of the saint is celebrated with pomp and grandeur.

The Graveyard of Jatrahibagh

In Jatrahibagh there is a graveyard. It is said that Muslim soldiers of the 1857 mutiny were buried here. It is also known as Anjan Shahid. During British period annual fair was held, hence it is called Jatrahibagh.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Fair and Festivals 53

Sangat in Chatra In Gudri Bazar Mahalia of Chatra there is a Sangat of Udasi Panth of Sikh doctrine where there is an old script of the Holy Gurugranth Saheb. It is venerated at this place and is kept in high esteem by the Sikhs and the Hindus as well. Thus, Chatra is an emblem of communal harmony where the Hindus, the Muslims and the Sikhs reside in peace and harmony.

Important Facts: Fair and Festivals

• Which festival is celebrated once in twelve years? Bhai Bhikh • Which festival, sister begging at her brother's house? Bhai Bhikh • In which festival do women not participate? Sun worship • During which festival does the mother wish for the long life and prosperity Jitiya of her son? • What is the literally meaning of 'Navakhani', a major festival celebrated by Taking new food tribes in Jharkhand? • Which one festival is celebrated at an interval of 12 years and during this Deshauli festival a buffalo's bull is given to a deity named Marang Buru? • Which festival is celebrated on the day of Makar Sakranti? Tusu • Which festival is celebrated to pacify the frog ghost? Kadleta • Which festival is celebrated by santhal tribes while sowing seeds? Arok • What is "Baha"? played with pure water • Which festival is celebrated by the Santhal tribe for a good crop of paddy? Haryad • In which district of Jharkhand is the Gandhi Mela organized? Simdega • Which fair is organized in Chatra district? Jatrahi Mela • In which district of Jharkhand is the Gandhi Mela organized? Simdega • Which fair is organized in Chatra district? Jatrahi Mela

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Tourism 3.5

Tourism is essentially an expression of a natural instinct for learning, experience, education and entertainment. The motivating factors for tourism include social, religious business interest and quest for knowledge.

Jharkhand Tourism

Religious Waterfall Hills Station Water Spots Archeological & Historical

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Tourism 57

In Buddha period, Buddha came here and stayed for some time. In the meantime his relatives came here searching him and found him but Buddha ignored them to identify as a relative. His relative told “Itkhoi - Yahi kho diya”, since then its name became ITKHORI.

Angrabari (Amreshwar Dham)

Baba Amreshwar Dham is located at Angrabadi which is around 10 km from Khunti in Jharkhand. The temple is dedicated to Hindu God Shive. The Shivling worshipped in the temple is Swayambhu - appeared on its own.The deity worshipped in the temple is known as Baba Amreshwar because the Shivling worshipped in the temple is near a Mango tree. There is no roof above the main Shivling in the temple. This is because whenever an attempt was made to build a temple around the HoIy Shivling; Shiva came in the dream of the person working on it and asked to stop it. Baba Amreshwar is popular as a wish fulfilling deity. Lots of devotees arrive at the temple to get their wish fulfilled.

Trikuti Dham

It is situated 13 km away from Deoghar on the way to Dumka. There are three main peaks on the hill which is why it is called Trikutachal. The height of this hill is 2,470 feet (750 m). There is also a temple of Shiva at this place known as Trikutacha! Mahadeva Temple. It is the mouth of river Mayurakshi. On the top of three hills Situated here, popularly known as Trikuti, many a sage attained salvation. The hill consisted of huge boulders. On the right is a small temple where is worshipped. Close to her lies a Shivalinga. People flock here from far and wide during Shivaratri.

Harihar Dham

Harihar dam is located 60 km away from Giridih district. It is mainly famous for large Shivling sculpture

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 70 Tourism

Patratu Dam

Patratu dam is only 40 km away from Ranchi. Patratu dam was constructed under the planning of the greatest Iridian engineer and father of Indian engineering “SIR Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya Patratu dam is the most popular tourist spot of Patratu. It is used for picnic (new year celebration) and for Chhatt puja, it is about 6 km far from the main Patratu city. Flanked by hills covered with lush green trees, red and violet flowers and honey bees humming, the Pithouria- Patratu Valley is no less attractive than the valleys on the Gangtok- Nathula, Dehradun- Mussouri and Raxaul- roads in terms of natural elegance.

Tenughat Dam

Tenughat is located sub division of .

Kanke Dam

Kanke dam is a lake situated at the base of the Gonda hills,which is about 5km away from Ranchi city. It is very famous for its scenic beauty.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 72 Tourism

The serene ambience by the still waters becomes suddenly alive with the cacophony of a wide variety of chirping birds. The lake is often intercepted by a whizzing speed. boat or by a lazy shikara.

Archaeological and Historical Places

Raham cave on the north of Satpahar, is supposed to be a refuge for the Tana Bhagats around the end of the 19th century. The cave has graffiti-type mandalas painted in red haematite. Sidpa rock shelter to the west of Satpahar has enigmatic drawings of deer and bulls, and tattoo designs still used by tribal women. Another site on the road to Sidpa has hundreds of large stone blocks carved with designs of a female deity sitting on a lion’s tail, churning butter and a hunter on horseback about to spear a stag. Nautangwa cave shelter is in the Mahadeva or Mohundi range of the upper Damodar Valley. These include some of the finest animal forms and some charming figures like that of a mother chasing her son. Barwadi Punkhri 6 km before the town of Barkagaon, is Jharkhand’s preeminent megalith site. The site lies within strange concentric circles with megalithic clusters around their rim. The surface of the site is strewn with flake tools and microliths.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Tourism 81

Spiritual/Religious Tourism

Jharkhand has an abundant number of religious places of national importance. The holy city of Deoghar is the abode of Baba Baidyanath.one of the 12 Jyotir Lingas scattered across the country. The most sacred pilgrimage-site for the Jain, the Parasnath. where 20 out of the 24 Tirthankars attained Mahanirvana, is situated in Jharkhand. One of the most revered shaktisthals-Rajrappa and Ma Bhadrakali temple are located inthe Ramgarh and Chatra districts respectively. A large number of religious tourists visit such sacred in the state throughout the year.

Rajrappa Mahotsav 2018 State Festivel "Rajarappa Mahotsav" celebration is a symbol of confluence. faith and exultation. This festival was organized on 24-25 February 2018 at C.C.L. Ground. Rajarappa, Ramgarh. The Former Chief Minister Shri Raghuvar Das inaugurated this event.

Some of the major announcements by state government for improving tourism are:

Jain pilgrimage centre 'Parasnath' in the Giridih district would be developed as an international tourist destination on the public-private partnership mode. Gaya to Bhadrakali temple in Chatra and 'Shantiniketan- Tuapith to in Duinka- would get a makeover.

Do You Know ?

Itkhori Mahotsa, 2018 The state Itkhori Festival is held every year in the Bhadrakali Temple premises. The main objective of the festival is to foster cultural harmony and promote tourism. 'Itkhori Mahotsav' was organized from the Igth to the 21st of February 2018.

Rural Tourism

The rural areas of Jharkhand arc also very rich naturally, ethnically and culturally. There is an immense potential of rural tourism in Jharkhand. Accordingly certain villages in the different regions of the state are being developed, to provide basic facilities to their visiting tourists.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

Social and Cultural Status 3.6

Social Organisation different clans reside in the same village and the same clan may be found scattered over The social structure of the tribes may be the entire tribal habitat. Inspite of this we can roughly divided into seven different types. find some direct association between clan This division is based on the different types of and territory. The members of a clan regard units found in a tribe and the nature of their themselves to be related by blood. They interrelations. The most important function trace their descent from a common ancestor of these units is regulation of marriage. or ancestress who is more often a fictitious In an amorphous stage, the tribe is generally person. endogamous but not invariably so. Marriage A clan is usually split up into a number of outside the tribe is not uncommon. The lineages or into families where the concept tribe here is divided into a number of of lineage does not exist. We have already groups based on locality which may extend indicated the difference between lineage over a wide area or may be restricted to a and clan. The members of a lineage feel village. These are called 'local groups'. The themselves to be far more closely related local group is neither strictly exogamous than clansmen. The lineage also descends nor endogamous but rather agamous. Each through one of the parents. Regulation of local group again is divided into a number of marriage and sexual relation, and inheritance families, marriage within which is regarded as of property are the two most important incestuous and therefore strictly prohibited. functions of this unit. The endogamous tribes are divided into a Though the lineage is an expanded family number of exogamous clans, each of which is yet it differs from the latter in the following again divided into a number of families. The characters:— (1) Absence of residential Mundas of Jharkhand may be cited as a good cohabitation i.e. the members of a lineage example of this variety. do not live together in the same house just In Jharkhand, as far as ethnographic records as family members do. (2) All its members show, an overwhelming majority of tribes are unilaterally related by blood which is not are organised on clan-basis. The clan true of the family, as spouses generally come generally has a name which is either totemic from different families. (3) Though lineage or eponymous. Totemic names are more members exercise some supervision over the in evidence in Chota Nagpur, Orissa, West children of the unit yet the actual rearing up Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, etc. Eponymous of them rests with the family. (4.) The lineage names occur mostly in Assam. Totemic names is not a food-group like the family and there is are taken generally from birds, animals, much less economic co-operation among its fishes, plants, trees, heavenly bodies, and members than among family members. even inanimate objects. The lineage or the clan is divided into The clan is not associated with any families. Among social units family is the geographical territory. In most of the tribes most fundamental one. It is found in one or

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Social and Cultural Status 91

Jhanjhain song is sung on the birth of a child. Baiga- He is the religious priest found in They also have several dances for different western parts of Ranchi. Latehar. Palamu and occasions like hunting, festivals, marriage Garhwa districts where the Oraon, the Asur. ther social gatherings such as: the Birjia, the Chero. the Kharwar and the Paharia tribes live. Paika- is popular in Bokaro and Dhanbad Dhamkuria- It is the bachelor's organisation and is in battle dress. as found among the Oraons. It has two Chhau- is famous dance of Saraikela branches viz., "Jonkerpa" ( for the young which in a group to dipict various stories men) and "Pel Erpa" (for the maidens). of the Ramayan. Mahabharat etc. Dihuri- He is the priest of the Savars, the Hos, the Hill Kharias and the and is also Agni- is performed on the eve of worshiping known as 'Deora' or 'Deori'. of deities Dehri- He is the priest of the Mal Pahariya Some other dances include Bonga of Ho, and is also known as 'Nado' among the Sarhul of Oraons, Karma of Kols, Jadur of Kumarbhag Pahariya. Bhumij, Mundari of Mundas etc. Giti-Ora- It is the bachelor's organisation Important deities of these tribal group have (dormitory) of the Mundas and the Asurs. their origin in natural environment around them. Trend Analysis They include Singhonga (Sungod). Marang Maler is related to- Buru (Highest Mountain God). Dhannesh, (a) Sauriya Pahariya (b) Birhor Bedogosain (Highest god, sun), Bilp gosain (moon god). Jaher era (deity of grove), Hat (c) Oraon (d) Bhumij Bonga (Deity of village), Gaon Deoti (village Ans (a) Sauriya Pahariya piety). Market Supervisor Competitive Exam - 2007 Among the Onions. the Munda. and number of tribes. the religious and ritualistic functions Gonong- It is the name of bride prict among are performed by Pahan in oraon area, they the Mundas, the Hos, the Khania and such arc known as Naigas and Baiga. other tribes. The 'Baiga' is prevalent among the Asur. the Janam Chatiar- A kind of birth celebration Chero, the and the Pahariya tribes. among the Santhals which is five days in the Among the Santhals. they are known as Naike case of a male child and three days in case of and his assistant Kudam Naikee. a girl.

Sauriya Pahariya, they are called Kando Killi- A term for clan among the tribes. Manjhi and among Mal Pahariya, Dehri. Kusrain- She is the midwife among the Among Kharia, espicially Hill Kharias they are Pahariyas and a number of other tribes. known as Deuri or Deora. Kotwar- He is the assistant of the Dehri or the Nado as known among a number of tribes Some Important terms-related to such as Saurja, Mal, Kumarbhag and such other tribes. social organisation Laya- He is the religious priest known among Bandi- Bride Price in kind is known as Bandi the Bhumij. among the Sauria, Mal and Kumarbhag Mati- He is a sorcerer or magician popular Paharias.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 92 Social and Cultural Status

among the Asurs, the Cheros, the Kharwar Khunt- It means lineage and is applied to the the, Goraits, etc. agnatic descendant from a common ancestor. Pon- The bride price in cash is called 'Pon' Mahto- He is the secular head of the village particularly among the Santhals, the Sauriya community particular among the Oraons and and the Mal Pahariyas. is responsible for protecting the village from Parganait- He is the custodian of all social external threat. functions in his area which includes several Gorait: The council meeting is summoned by Oraon villages. The disputes are settled by the Gorait on the advised of Manjhi. him through the council. He may even impose Youth Dormitary Name of Tribe fine on the wrong doer. Gitiora Munda, Asur, Sauriya Jog Manjhi- He is selected from among the Paharia Santhals to keep watch over the morals of the village. Giti Ho Naike- He is the village priest of the Santhals Dhumkuriya Oraon who supervises the religious rituals and Tanda Birhor, Korwa ceremonies of the tribe. Gotlu/Ghotlu Santhal Kudam Naike- He is Naike's assistant.

Important Facts: Social and Cultural Status

• What is the main occupation of the Mal Pahadia tribe? Jhum agriculture, food storage, hunting • What is transferable agriculture in Mal Pahadia tribe called? Kurma Agriculture • Which language does the Sauriya Pahadia tribe use to speak? Bangla • In which area of ​​Jharkhand is the concentration of Soria Pahadia tribe Santhal Parganas found? • By what name is the youth house of the Asura tribe known? Gitiora • What is the gotra called asura tribe? Paras • The Birjiya tribe is considered to be part of which tribe? Asur • Which district of Jharkhand has the highest concentration of Birjiya tribe? Ranchi • In which tribe, kinship system is found exactly like Hindus? Parhiya • From which language has​ the term Birhor originated? Mundari • Birhor tribe believe themselves as? Suryavanshi • How many gotras are found in Korba tribe? 6 • What is the main occupation of the saber tribe? Agriculture, wages • Who is the main deity of the saber tribe? Goddess Kaali

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Geography of Jharkhand 4.1 Geography of Jharkhand 11

This soil has higher composition of lime and potash, but Trend Analysis nitrogen and humus is present in less quantity. This soil is considered as the fertile and best Suited for the What percentage of land is used production of paddy and wheat. in agriculture in Jharkhand? (a) 23% (b) 30% Soil Erosion (c) 35% (d) 20% Ans (a) 23% The undulating areas in state and human actions have caused enormous soil erosion. Market Supervisor Competitive The uprooting for forests by forest majia and local people Exam - 2007 of their fuel requirement are major concern in terms of soil erosion. Light textured soils of state having shallow depths are very prone to erosion in case of high intensity rainfall. Soil erosion is also caused by shifting cultivation in Jharkhand, it is known Jhum kheti. Traditional method of agriculture intensifies the rate of soil erosion because ploughing is done in a slope, these slopes give rise to soil erosion. Schemes and Programmes to Prevent Soil Erosion In State Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA) River valley Project and flood prone Rivers (RVP and FPRs) Pilot Project on National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) Wasteland Development Progamme 2009-10 Koel-koro project is also beneficial for soil erosion and preserving forest resources. Persently this project is not working. Apart from above schemes, government with the support of voluntary organization is working to disseminate information regarding soil conservation. Inspite of this, the development of damodar valley has also played important role in afforestation, control over soil erosion and devastating impact of flood.

Climate

Jharkhand has a different climate from that of Bihar and other neighbouring states. Here variations in climatic elements (temperature,precipitation, Pressure wind, relative humidity, etc) are influenced by its geographical location in tropical and subtropical regions, the overhead presence of tropic of cancer,high elevatiaon, nearness to the , etc. Monsoon wind comes here from two different areas, one portion comes from the Arabian Sea and other from the Bay of Bengal Jharkhand State experiences both the Tropical and Sub-tropical conditions. The overhead presence of tropic of cancer should enable not climatic condition over her but 1/3rd area having an elevation of were than 400m.and 2/3rd area having elevation over 300m. As a result, the temperature of Jharkhand is 60F less than the Ganga Plain. Seasons of State The climatic year of Jharkhand is divided into three broad seasons: i. winter Season (November to February)

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Geography of Jharkhand 15

Most of the rivers of Jharkhand are seasonal. Therefore, adequate water is available in the rivers here during the rainy season. In contrast, except for Damodar and Subarnarekha, other rivers go waterless in summer or very little amount of water is found in them.

Drainage System Drainage System may refer to:

A drainage system (geomorphology), is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. A drainage system (agriculture), is an intervention to control water logging aiming at soil improvement for agricultural production. A drainage system in urban and industrial areas, a facility to dispose of liquid waste. The rivers of Jharkhand are mainly dependent on the rainfall. The flow of water mostly depends upon the amount of rainfall and the topographical feature of the river course. Rivers and waterfalls are main components of drainage system in Jharkhand.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects 4.2

Jharkhand is primarily an agriculture state. This state consists of 3.29 cr. population, its rural population is more than 70%.

Most of them are dependent on agriculture and total agriculture land is 38 lacs hectares. Out of the total area of 79,714 square kilometers. Only forty percent of the land is fertile and assured irrigation is vailablea in 2 lacs hectares. The average rainfall of the state is 300-1400 mm which is received in four months from June to September. The state needs 46 lakhs metric tons of foods grains but only half of this is produced in the state. The per capital availability of food grains in Jharkhand is only 230 grams per day against 523 grams per day at the All India Level. Estimating the food grain requirement as 480 grams per day, as per the current production Jharkhand.

Share of the Agriculture Sector in GSVA at Constant Prices (2011-12 Series) Value of Output (in Cr.) % Share Total GSVA % Growth over the previous year 2016- 2017- 2018- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2017- 2018-19 17 (Pr.) 18 (Pr.) 19 (Pr.) 17 (Pr.) 18 (Pr.) 19 (Pr.) 18 (Pr.) (Pr.) Crop 14275 14839 15425 8.31 8.11 7.91 3.95 3.95 Livestock 5280 5271 5261 3.07 2.88 2.70 -0.17 -0.17 Fishing and 891 937 985 0.52 0.51 0.51 5.10 5.10 Aquaculture Total 20447 21046 21671 11.9 11.5 11.12 2.9 2.9

Jharkhand Have Three Agro Climatic Zones

1. Central and Northern Eastern Plateau Total area is 4100 hectare, out of which 13% is forest area. 618 lands is the net sown area. Its zonal research station is located at Dumka. This area is extended to Hazaribagh, Giridih, Santhal Pargana , Dhanbad , North Eastern Part of Ranchi. Important Crops :- Rice , wheat , Maize , Ragi, Potato, Arhar, Rapeseed, Mustard, Gram, Pulses.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 30 Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects

four months of rainy season and is erratic in terms of timing, precipitation and intensity. About 20 percent of the net sown area has assured irrigation while the potential is to irrigate about 30% of the net sown area. The irrigation coverage thus is low and the state still has to realise its full irrigation potential. The cropping intensity of the state, as a result, is only 126%. The seed replacement rate for the state of Jharkhand was 15%. Jharkhand Agriculture : Important Facts Land and Others Area (in Lakh Hec.) Percentage (%) Total Geographical 79.71 Area Total Cultivable Land 38 48 Kharif 28 Rabi 11 Cropping Intensity 126 Average Rainfall (mm) 1200-1300 Net Sown Area having Assured Irrigation 20 % of Potential Irrigated Land 30 Fertilizer Uses (kg/Hec) 92 Seed Replacement Rate 15

Figure: contribution of Agriculture and other sector to GSDP

Land Use in Jharkhand Agriculture and allied sector production in value terms has shown a consistent growth over the last five years. The value of the output of agriculture and allied sector at constant prices has increased from Rs. 1254965 lakh in 2010-11 to Rs. 1976448 lakh in 2014-15 in above Figure. It is further expected to grow to 2145930 lakhs in 2015-16.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects 37

D. Tube Well The total irrigation from tube wells is only 8.25% of the total Trend Analysis area. The highest percentage of canal irrigation is found in Bokaro How many types of crops are (40.67%), Giridih (40.13%) and Koderma (34.87%). grown mainly in Jharkhand? (a) 1 Irrigation Potential in Jharkhand (b) 2 (c) 3 Almost 461 thousand hectares are the ultimate irrigation potential that lie in the major irrigation projects in the state (d) 4 and 98.78 thousand hectares in the minor irrigation projects. Ans (c) 3 In the major projects, the Subarnarekha river basin has the JPSC 5th Joint Civil Services highest potential, that is 265 thousand hectares followed by Preliminary Competition Exam- the Ajay (64.44 thousand hectare) and basins 15-12-2013 (62.79 thousand hectare) in the state. In the case of the minor irrigation projects the ultimate irrigation potential is the highest in the (29.46 thousand hectares) followed by the Khrkai river sub-basin (19.55 thousand hectares).

District: Highest Irrigated Areas Rank District Total Irrigated Area (in %) 1. Palamu 24.25% 2. Deoghar 14.22% 3. Godda 14.21% 4. Hazaribagh 10.51% 5. Dumka 9.47%

Land Pattern in Jharkhand Category Areas In Lakh Hectares Areas In Percentage Cultivable Area 29.74 37.30% Forest Area 23.92 30.00% Water bodies 1.59 2.00% Water land 7.17 9.00% Scrab forest 4.38 5.50% Built up Area 3.399 5.00% Usha 8.93 11.00

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Climate Change 4.3

Environmental Protection and Climate Change Climate change has taken dangerous proportions and has became a global challenge in recent times. People are experiencing significant impacts of climate change, which include changing weather patterns, rising sea level, and more extreme weather events. The greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are driving climate change which continues to get worse. They are now at their highest levels in history. Affordable, scalable solutions are now available to enable countries to leapfrog to cleaner, more resilient economies. The pace of change is quickening as more people are turning to renewable energy and a range of other measures that will reduce emissions and increase adaptation efforts. Given the magnitude of threat to human life flora and fauna, the UN has adopted“climate action” as one of the 17 sustainable development goals. Some Facts About Climate Change and its Impact From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature has increased by 0.85°C. To put this into perspective, for each 1 degree of temperature increase, grain yields decline by about 5 percent. Maize, wheat and other major crops have experienced significant yield reductions at the global level of 40 megatons per year between 1981 and 2002 due to a warmer climate. Oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and sea level has risen. From 1901 to 2010, the global average sea level rose by 19 cm as oceans expanded due to warming and ice melted. The Arctic’s sea ice extent has shrunk in every successive decade since 1979, with 1.07 million km² of ice loss every decade Given current concentrations and on-going emissions of greenhouse gases, it is likely that by the end of this century, the increase in global temperature will exceed 1.5°C compared to 1850 to 1900 for all but one scenario. The world’s oceans will warm and ice melt will continue. Average sea level rise is predicted at 24 – 30cm by 2065 and 40-63cm by 2100. Most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries even if emissions are stopped. Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by almost 50 percent since 1990 Emissions grew more quickly between 2000 and 2010 than in each of the three previous decades. It is still possible, using a wide array of technological measures and changes in behaviour, to limit the increase in global mean temperature to two degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels. Jharkhand has a high concentration of tribal population which is as high as 26% who are primarily rural with rain and climate dependent agriculture as their main source of sustenance. The social dimensions of climate change can be far reaching impacting the income generation capacities, health education access, gender balance, distress migration, social conflicts and the food and employment prospects of these tribal communities. The first actionable strategy on climate change impact mitigation is creating awareness. As part of this strategy a SWOT analysis is being prepared.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Forest and Environment 4.4

Forest is a renewable source and contributes substantially to the economic development. To save the 5 “J” drive has become a movement of sorts in the state of Jharkhand and includes Jan (man), Jal (water), Jungle (forest), Janwar (wild life), and Jameen (land). According to the ISFR-2019, the total forest area in Jharkhand is 23,611.41 sq km, which is 29.62 % of the total area of the state (79714 sq km) Jharkhand's Forest cover increased from 23,524 Km2 in 2017, which is 29.62% of the total geographical area in the state, the Initial ISFR report on 2015 had published 23,478 Km2 forest are in Jharkhand Most of the forests of Jharkhand as much as 79 percent were Privately owned until the zamindari system was abolished under the Bihar land reforms act 1950. Before Acquisition of these Zamindari Forests, their wanton destruction was the order of the day. However the things look a turn for better thereafter. At present the state is having 29.62% of its total land mass under forest area. Tree cover: In the assessment of “Tree cover”, field inventory data are used because tree resources also exist in the form of linear plantations along roads and canals, farm cards, as well as in homesteads and urban areas and wood lots smaller than 120. Classification of Forests Type Tree Canopy Density Very Dense Forest (VDF) 70 percent and above Moderately dense forest (MDF) 40 percent and above but less than 70 percent Open forest (OF) 10 percent and above but less than 40 percent Scrub Degraded land with tree canopy density of less than 10 percent Non forest Land not included in any of the above classes

Forest cover in Jharkhand The forest cover in the state is 23,611.41 Km2 which is 29.62% (above as compare to national avarage-21.54%) of the state's geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes the state has 2,598 km2 under very dense forest 9686 Km2 moderately Non forest Area - 69.61% Scrub - 0.86% Open forest - 14.20% Mid dense forest - 12.15% Very dense forest - 3.27% Altitude zone wise forest cover : Forest cover changes with the change is altitude, below 600– 700m altitude the forest are denser and beyond that less denser forest are found. It is due to low temperature, photo period and rainfall condition.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Forest and Environment 67

14. Lannea Gijan Gond Palamu, Garhwa June-August Medicine and Food corromandelica 15. Andrographics Kalmegh Palamu, Latehar November- Medicine (Chiraita) January 16. Woodfordia Dhawal Palamu December- Medicine fructicosa phool February 17. Asparagus Satawari Palamu, Gumla, All seasons Medicine racemosus Khunti 18. Rauwolfia Sarpagandha Palamu, Simdega, September- Medicine serpentina Giridih December 19. Withania Aswagandha Gumla, Lohardaga, November- Medicine somnifera Palamu December 20. Butea Palas/ Palamu, Khunti, March-May Medicine monosperma Tesuphool Simdega, Giridih 21. Bantulsi Palamu, Latehar, November- Medicine Garhwa March 22. Schleieichera Kusum Gumla, Simdega June- Oil/Feed oleosa Octuber 23. Mucuna Kaunch beej Palamu, Chaibasa Medicine pruriens 24. Aegle marmelos Bael giri Palamu March--May Food/Medicine 25. Amla Oil 26. Dried Amla Medicine pulp Source: http://jhamfcofed.com/reso/index.htm and Jharkhand Economic Survey 2018-19

Sal Trend Analysis It is state tree of Jharkhand. Betla National Park situated in Its extent is from North to South area of Jharkhand. which district? Sal is locally known as Sakhua and Sarai useful for oil. (a) Latehar (b) Dhanbad It's leaves and wood are used for domestic purpose. (c) Gumla (d) Dumka It can be consider as substituted of plastic usages. Ans (a) Latehar Postgraduate Trained Teacher Rosewood (Shisham) Placement Examination - 2012 It is found almost all parts of Jharkhand, but largely extend over Northern and middle part of Jharkhand. It's wood is highly valuable which is used for furniture and home making goods. It's leaves is also useful for Medicine. Mahua This type of tree found almost every part of Jharkhand. It is a prime tree of Jharkhand.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Demography of Jharkhand 4.5

The Jharkhand separated from Bihar on 15th November, 2000 and became 28th state of India. Every year on 15th November, state celebrates its foundation day. Now, Jharkhand is divided into 5 Divisions, 24 Districts, 38 Sub-Divisions, and 260 Blocks. Jharkhand occupy 13th position in terms of population in India As per Census 2011, Jharkhand has a population of 3.29 crores, nearly 2.72 percent of the India’s total population. The state of Jharkhand has a predominantly high rural population (76%). The decadal population growth in the state is nearly 22 percent in 2011. Out of total population, 26 percent belongs to Scheduled Tribes (STs). Out of the total population, nearly 16 percent consists below six years of age. Census – 2011 Data Analysis of Jharkhand

The Population pyramid for Jharkhand in Figure shows that the state had a high population of children aged 0 to 14 years. The population of Jharkhand is 3.3 Crores as per Census 2011. As per the information, there is an increase from the figure of 2.69 Crore in census 2001. The total population of the state is 32,988,134 per the Census 2011.Out of which 16,930,315 are males and 16,057,819 are females. However in the year 2001, the total population of the state was 26,945,829 out of which the number of male’s were13, 885,037 and the number of females were 13,060,792. The decadal growth rate of Jharkhand in the total population is 22.42 %. In the previous decade the population growth was 23.19%. Jharkhand’s population forms 2.72 % of India in the year 2011 however it formed 2.62 % in 2001. According to Census – 2011, Total Population of Scheduled Tribe in Jharkhand is 8645042 and Scheduled Caste is 3985644.

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The STs are concentrated mainly in the southern and the north eastern part of the state. Trend Analysis Among the major tribes of the state, the Santhals are Largest tribe of Jharkhand In concentrated in the Santhal Pargana region that is, the districts terms of population? located in the north eastern part of the state Dumka, and (a) Ho (b) Munda Sahebganj. (c) Santhal (d) Oroan The Oraons are concentrated in Lohardaga, Ranchi and Gumla districts. Ans (c) Santhal Other six major tribes, namely Munda, Ho, Kharwar, Lohra, JPSC Prlims 2003 Bhurnij and Kharia are concentrated in the Khunti, West Singhhhum, Palamau, Ranchi, East Singhhhum and Simdega districts respectively. The eight PVTGs of the state constitute about 3.4 percent of the tribal population. Among them the Mal Paharia is numerically the largest one constituting about 46 per cent of the PVTG population of the state, followed by Sauria Paharia constituting about 16 per cent of the PVTG population of the state. Birjia, Savar and Birhor are numerically the smallest PVTGs constituting about 2 per cent, 3 percent and 4 per cent of the PVTG the state respectively. The Sauria and Mal Paharias are mainly concentrated in the Santhal Pargana region of the state. About 98 per cent of the Sauria Paharias and 56 per cent of the Mal Paharias live in the Pakur, Sahebganj and Godda districts of this region. Similarly the majority of Korwa and Parahia live in the Palamau region of the state. About 88 per cent of the Korwas and 93 per cent of the Parahias live in Garhwa, Palamau and Latehar. Among the other PVTGs the Savars are mainly concentrated in East Singhbhum; Asur in Gumla, Hazaribagh, Lohardaga, Ramgarh and Latehar and Birijia in Gumla and Latehar. Birhor is a more dispersed community than the rest of the PVTGs, more than half of them live in Haz. aribagh, Chatra, Gumla and West Singhbhum. Based on the Census of India, 2011 data, the Scheduled Caste and other minority communities comprise 12.08 percent and 19.12 percent, respectively, of the total population of Jharkhand. Twenty two Scheduled Caste communities and five religious minority communities live in this state. Out of 22 SCs, (Caste whose occupation is related to leather work Cobbler) is the most populous caste, constituting about 26 per cent of the total SC population. Percentage of the Scheduled Caste Lowest 3.16 percent in Pakur and Highest 32.65 percent in Chatra. The minority religious communities comprise of the Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, Zorastrians () and Jains. They have been notified as minority communities by the in the Gazette under Section 2(c) of National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992. Among them only five of them namely Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists and Jains have a significant presence. Among the five major religious minorities living in the state, the Muslims are numerically the largest. They constitute 14.5 per cent of the population of the state. Christians, the 2nd largest religious minority community in the state constitute only 4.3 percent of the population of the state. The rest of them constitute less than 1 percent of the population of the state — the Sikhs 0.22 per cent, the Buddhists 0.03 per cent and the Jains 0.05 percent. Simdega has the highest and Saraikela has the lowest presence of the minority communities. Sahebganj and Pakur have a large percentage of Muslims— about 35 per cent of the population of these districts belong to this community. Simdega, Khunti and Gumla, on the other hand, have a sizable presence of the Christians. More than half of the population of Simdega are Christians. In Jharkhand, 41 percent of the rural SC households have no literate adults above 25 years of age.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Polity 5.1

The Indian Constitution came into effect since 26th January of 1950. It is considered as the world’s most detailed and vast constitution.

Speaker : Jharkhand Assembly No. Name Term Party Assembly (Constituency) (Election) 1 Inder Singh Namdhari 22 Nov. 2000 29 March 2004 (Daltonganj) Janata Dal Acting Bagun Sumbrai 29 March 2004 29 May 2004 (United) First/Interim Assembly (1) Inder Singh Namdhari 4 June 2004 11 August 2004 Janata Dal (2000 (Daltonganj) (United) election) 2 Mrigendra Pratap Singh 18 August 2004 11 January 2005 (Jamshedpur West) Acting Saba Ahmad 12 January 2005 1 March 2005 (1) Inder Singh Namdhari 15 March 2005 14 September Janata Dal Second (Daltonganj) 2006 (United) Assembly 3 Alamgir Alam (Pakaur) 20 October 2006 26 December Indian (2005 2009 National election) Congress 4 Chandreshwar Prasad 6 January 2010 19 July 2013 Bharatiya Third Singh (Ranchi) Janata Party Assembly 5 Shashank Shekhar Bhokta 25 July 2013 23 December Jharkhand (2009 (Sarath) 2014 Mukti election) Morcha 6 Dinesh Oraon (Sisai) 7 January 2015 24 December Bharatiya Fourth 2019 Janata Party Assembly (2014 election) 7 Rabindra Nath Mahato 7 January 2020 Incumbent Jharkhand Fifth (Nala) Mukti Assembly Morcha (2019 election)

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Polity 11

community, in pursuance of article 333 of the Constitution, was also deemed to have been nominated to the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand. Legislative assembly of Jharkhand is unicameral. There are 82 members in the Vidhan Sabha including 1 member nominated by the Governor. The Governor of Jharkhand appoints one Anglo- Indian member. There are reserved seats of Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribes as per the provision of the Indian constitution. The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The members of Legislative Assembly are directly elected by an electorate consisting of all adult citizens of the State. The maximum strength as outlined in the constitution of India is not more than 500 members and not less than 60. Qualifications for the membership of the Legislative Assembly: Should be the citizen of India. Must attained twenty five years of age Must possess other qualification as prescribed by the parliament. Must not have criminal record. Legislative Assembly (Unicameral) of Jharkhand Trend Analysis Total members in the Jharkhand’s Legislative Which political party was the first Assembly 82 (Elected-81 and Nominated-1) government of the newly formed Members in Rajya Sabha 06 state of Jharkhand? Members in Lok Sabha 14 (a) JMM (b) BJP Reserved Seats in Lok Sabha 6 (c) INC (d) JVM Scheduled Caste 09 Ans (b) BJP Scheduled Tribes 28 General Category 44 JSSC Reservation Competition Scheduled Tribes 05 (Lok Sabha) Exam 2016 Arohi Publications 8 Polity Scheduled Caste 01 (Lok Sabha) General 08 (Lok Sabha) Largest constituency of Lok Sabha Singhbhum (Reserved) Smallest Constituency of Lok Sabha (Chatra) The Powers and Functions of the Legislative Assembly Legislative Powers:

The main function of the Legislative Assembly is to make laws confined to the State List and the Concurrent List. However, the Parliament has also jurisdiction over the Concurrent List. Where a law made by the state legislature on a matter listed in the Concurrent List conflicts with law made by the Parliament on the same matter, the latter will prevail, if the state law has not received the assent of the President. Normally the Parliament has no jurisdiction over the State List. But during Emergency the Parliament can make laws on the State List.

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Miscellaneous Functions The Legislative Assembly can punish anybody for its contempt. It selects some of the members of University Senate (s). It considers the reports of the Public Service Commission and the Accountant General. It appoints different Committees of the House. It sends delegations to the Union Government to press the demands of the state. Speakers The Speaker presides over the meetings of the House. All speeches are addressed to the chair. Speaker constitutes various committees of the House and nominates the chairman as well as it its members. Speaker enforces discipline in the House. All bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are authenticated by his signatures before they are sent to the Governor for his assent. His decision is final on the question whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not. The speaker has very important power under the Anti Defection Law.

Important Facts: Polity

• Who is the Speaker of the fifth assembly of Jharkhand? Ravindra Nath Mahato • Who is the Protem Speaker of the fifth Assembly of Jharkhand Stephen Marandi • Who is the current Chief Minister of the state of Jharkhand • Who has sworn in as the minister of Jharkhand state after the 2019 Satyanand Bhokta, assembly elections? Dr. Rameshwar Oraon • Name of the first member nominated for Jharkhand Legislative Joseph Pechel Galstein Assembly • Who defeated the outgoing Chief Minister Raghuvar Das in the 2019 Saryu Rai Jharkhand Assembly elections? • Which political party has the highest number of MLAs in the state of JMM Jharkhand? • How many members of the Bharatiya Janata Party are there in the 11 state of Jharkhand in the 7th Lok Sabha? • How many members of Bharatiya Janata Party are there from the state 03 of Jharkhand in the current Rajya Sabha? • How many members are elected by direct election in Jharkhand 81 Legislative Assembly? • How many Anglo-Indian members are nominated in the assembly of 01 Jharkhand? • By what name is the Jharkhand assembly building known? Russian Hostel • In which district of Jharkhand state all the constituencies are reserved Gumla, Lohardaga for Scheduled Tribes?

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

Judiciary 5.2

High Court can be formed as per the procedure prescribed in Article 214, 216, and 217 of the Constitution of India. Trend Analysis Article 214 provides that every State shall have a High Who was the first Chief Justice of Court, however, Article 231 states that Article 214 shall not Jharkhand High Court? be a bar for constituting a common high court for two or (a) P.K. Balsubramanyam more States. (b) Nalabhoy Dhinakar Although, only Parliament may by law establish a Common (c) S.J. Mukhopadhyay High Court for two or more States. (d) Vinod Kumar Gupta This means that, unless Parliament by law establishes a Ans (d) Vinod Kumar Gupta Common High Court for two or more States, every State has JSSC Post Graduate Exam - 19-02- to have a High Court, i.e., upon formation of a new State a 2014 new High Court is also formed. A circuit bench of the Patna High Court was established at Ranchi with effect from 6th March, 1972 under clause 36 of the Letter Patent of that High Court. The bench was established to meet the needs of the Population of the Chota Nagpur area in erthswhile State of Bihar. The Circuit bench was made Permanent Bench of Patna High Court, by Act no. 57 of 1976, by High Court at Patna (Establishment of Permanent Bench AT Ranchi) Act 1976 with effect from 8th April 1976. The Jharkhand High Court came into existence after reorganization of state of Bihar in existing state of Bihar and Jharkhand on 15th November 2000. The Jharkhand High court is apex body of the judiciary in the state. Initially strength of Judges of High court was 7 later it was raised to 12. The present strength of judges in Jharkhand High Court, is 14 including one Chief Justice. The President of India appointed chief Justice of High court in consultation with chief Justice of the Supreme court of India and Governor of the state. In the appointment of the other Judges the opinion of Chief Justice is also taken. The Chief Justice of Supreme Court also makes recommendation with two senior most Judges of the Supreme court. Jurisdiction of High Court

Original Jurisdiction

In some matters cases can be directly filed in the High Courts, not by the appeal this is called the original jurisdiction of the High Court. Like Supreme Court, high court has original jurisdiction in matters of enforcement of fundamental rights. It has original jurisdiction in matters related to admiralty, will, marriage, divorce, company laws and contempt of court. It also has similar jurisdiction in matters related to election of MPs and MLAs.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter District Profile 5.3

District as an administrative unit originated In Jharkhand the designation Deputy during the British era. Even in the ancient Commissioner is used. At present Jharkhand and medieval period similar geographical is divided into twenty-four districts. administrative unit existed. 24 Districts of Jharkhand include Ranchi, District administration is headed by an officer Lohardaga, Gumla, Simdega, Palamu, belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. Latehar, Garhwa, West Singhbhum, Seraikela In different states this post is known by Kharsawan, East Singhbhum, Dumka, Jamtara, different names like District Magistrate or Sahebganj, Pakur, Godda, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Deputy Commissioner. Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Deoghar, Khunti and Ramgarh. Jharkhand became the 28th state of India. It was established on 15th November, 2000.

Brief Description of Important Districts

North Chotanagpur Division

Ranchi

Formed 1899 headquarter Ranchi Area 5097 sq km Total Population (2011) 29,14,253 Decadal Population Growth 23.9% Rate Population density 572 Sex ratio 949 Infant sex ratio 938 Literacy rate 76.06% Subdivision 02 (Ranchi Sadar and Bundu) Block 18 (Ratu, Kanke, Mandar, Namkum, Bedo, Lapung, Chanho, Ormanjhi, Angarh, Nagdi, Khalari, Rahe, Itki, Silli, Bundu, Tamad, Sonahatu, Budhmu.

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Objectives : District Profile

1. belongs to which of the 7. belongs to which of the following divisions? following divisions? (a) North Chotanagpur (a) North Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (b) Santhal Pargana (c) South Chotanagpur (c) South Chotanagpur (d) Kolhan Ans. (c) South Chotanagpur (d) Kolhan 2. When was Lohardaga district established? Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur (a) 1983 (b) 1988 8. Giridih district belongs to which of the following divisions? (c) 1987 (d) 1991 (a) North Chotanagpur Ans. (a) 1983 (b) Santhal Pargana 3. Hazaribagh district belongs to which of the following divisions? (c) South Chotanagpur (a) North Chotanagpur (d) Kolhan (b) Santhal Pargana Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur (c) South Chotanagpur 9. Bokaro district belongs to which of the (d) Kolhan following divisions? Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur (a) North Chotanagpur 4. When was Hazaribagh district established? (b) Santhal Pargana (a) 1799 (b) 1833 (c) South Chotanagpur (c) 1922 (d) 2000 Ans. (b) 1833 (d) Kolhan 5. Ramgarh district belongs to which of the Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur following divisions? 10. Dhanbad district belongs to which of the (a) North Chotanagpur following divisions? (b) Santhal Pargana (a) North Chotanagpur (c) South Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (d) Kolhan (c) South Chotanagpur Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur (d) Kolhan 6. Chatra district belongs to which of the Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur following divisions? 11. Palamu district belongs to which of the (a) North Chotanagpur following divisions? (b) Santhal Pargana (a) Palamu (c) South Chotanagpur (b) Santhal Pargana (d) Kolhan (c) South Chotanagpur Ans. (a) North Chotanagpur (d) Kolhan

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act 5.4

Land Rules : At a Glance Bengal Tenancy Act - 1897 Commencement of Maujawar Survey in During the British rule, the British made a Chhotanagpur in 1902. Under this, khevats conspiracy to bring the administrative system and judges were made. under their rule by making different kinds Formation of the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act of laws. The main objective of the British in 1903. government was to increase its revenue. In the same sequence, using the courts started Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act – 1908 auctioning the land of the local zamindars, Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act - 1949 jagirdars and raiyats. Zamindars and jagirdars started collecting revenue with strictness to Chhotanagpur Territory Act - 1869 avoid auction. As a result; The situation of the ryots worsened. In this situation, in the In Chontanagpur, there are landmines named absence of any other alternative, the ryots after Bhuihari. It is held by people who revolted against the British and the landlords. consider themselves descendants of the The Kol rebellion of 1831-32 AD and Birsa indigenous people who set up the villages Ulagulan of 1895-900 AD are prominent where such land is located. among these revolts. As a result of these rebellions, it was felt by the British that it was Some of the landforms in the villages are not possible to conduct the administration known as "Bhootkhet", "Dalkitari" and in a peaceful manner without resolving the "Pahanai". This land is kept separately for the tribal problems. 'Pahan' or priest, so that he can perform his duties. In order to solve these problems of tribals (in which land related problems are most Separate land is also kept for the "Mahato" of important), the government has made the village, which is known as 'Mahatoi'. several reforms from time to time. In this Some lands are kept separately in the sequence, in 862, under the leadership of village under the name 'Manjhihas', which Babu Rakhaldas Haldhar, Bhuihari Survey are reserved for the use of their respective was started to identify the Bhuhari land owners of those villages. Also, there are and the Majestic land of the local landlords, lands called 'Batkhet', which are fixed for the which lasted till 1869 AD. This was the first remuneration of the village working on the commendable and effective step taken by the manjihs lands. government to preserve the land of tribes. Under the wording of this Act, the terms Some other important steps taken by the 'bhuihari' define the words 'Bhootkhet', government in this process are as follows: 'Dalikatari', 'Pahanai' and 'Mahatoi'. Chhotanagpur Territory Act - 1869 Functions of a Special Commissioner: It Chotanagpur Landlord and Tenancy shall be the duty of every appointed Special Procedures Act - 1879 Commissioner that if a person claims 'Bhuhari'

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or 'Manjhihas' frequencies within the limits practice has been captured. , Then the of his jurisdiction, the commissioner shall Special Commissioner shall get the person or investigate and demarcate his authority. . his heirs back the land. Powers of Special Commissioner: The Special Decision by the specific commissioner: The Commissioner shall by this Act exercise those tax assessor will put his views before the powers, which gives the Collector the power specific commissioner and only the specific to make endowment of royalty. commissioner will have the right to decide. Subject matter of the record: The Special Review of decisions: Only the Special Commissioner will prepare a register of lands Commissioner will have the right to review falling under the category of 'Bhuihari' and the decisions. 'Manjhihas'. Power of appeal: An appeal can be made Powers of Special Commissioner: The Special to the Commissioner of the Board against Commissioner shall by this Act exercise those any decision or order passed by the specific powers, which gives the Collector the power Commissioner. to make endowment of royalty. No hearing of Mukhtar and Advocate: Subject matter of the record: The Special 'Mukhtar' or 'Gawal' will not be heard Commissioner will prepare a register of lands in any case brought before the Specified falling under the category of 'Bhuihari' and Commissioner without the consent of the 'Manjhihas'. Special Commissioner. Power to reclaim those who have been The State Government may make rules: The deprived of possession: If it is proved before State Government may make any rules or the specific commissioner that the land of a pass orders as required. person holding a "Bhuhari" or "Manjhihas"

Trend Analysis Trend Analysis Under Section ...... of the Chhotanagpur In which year did the British Government Tenancy Act, 1908, there is a restriction on introduce the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act? the transfer of Scheduled Tribes/Backward (a) 1910 (b) 1897 Classes/ Scheduled Castes land? (c) 1903 (d) 1908 (a) 46 (b) 72 Ans (b) 1908 (c) 48 (d) 42 JPSC Product Inspector / Assistant Competition Ans (b) 46 (Prelims) Exam - 18-10-2015 JPSC Sixth Joint Civil Service Prelims Competitive Exam (2nd Paper) - 18-12-2016

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act 53

Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act – 1908

Chapter I Preliminary Section Important Points: and Key provisions 1. Title and 1. The Act is abbreviated as' Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908. Expansion 2. It will spread in North Chhotanagpur and South Chotanagpur divisions. 3 . Agricultural year - The year which is prevalent for agricultural work in a local area. Definitions Mortgage payment - Transfer of the interest of a tenant from his tenancy to the mortgagee for the payment of the money lent in the form of mortgage, on the condition that the interest thereon shall be deemed to be deprived of the benefits arising from the tenancy during the tenure of the mortgage. Jot - Plots held by the Raiyat. Korkar - A barren or wooded land that has been prepared by any farmer other than the landlord. Landowner - A person who has given his land to a tenant. Tenant - A person who holds land under any other person and is liable to pay his rent. Lagaan - The money or thing given to its landlord in exchange for the use or occupancy of land held by the ryot. Crop standing under movable property also comes. Mundari Khuntkidari-tenancy - Mundari Khuntkidari interest Land tenure - The interest of the landholder. Under this, the Mundari Khuntkidari tenancy is not covered. Permanent land holding - Dynastic land holding. Resettlement Landing - A landholding that returns to the landlord if the family does not have a male heir. Village head - The head of a village or village group. Whether it is known as Manki, Pradhan, Manjhi or any other name. Permanent Settlement - Permanent settlement made in 1793 AD in relation to Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Chapter II Classes of Tenants Section Importnat Points and Key provisions 4 Classes of Tenants Under the tenant, the landholders, the ryots, the dar raiyats and the Mundari Khuntkattidars have been included.

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224 Appeal to the Judicial Commissioner or High Court. A second appeal can be made against any decree passed by the Judicial Commissioner or an order passed on appeal under Section 215 on the ground that the decision (decision) is contrary to any law. 225 Hearing of appeals by Judicial Commissioner in lieu of Deputy Commissioner. Where some of the appeals have been placed before the Deputy Commissioner and some of the appeals before the Judicial Commissioner, the Judicial Commissioner may transfer the appeals pending in the Deputy Commissioner's Court to his Court, on the application of any of the parties. 229 Application of Rule 22 of Order 41 of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure. The provisions of Rule 22 of Order 41 of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 908, shall apply in all appeals to the decisions of the Deputy Commissioner or the Revenue Officer under this Act, as applicable. Chapter XVI-A Summary Procedure for the Recovery of Rents under the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914 Section Importnat Points and Key provisions 229A Recovery of arrears of rent under certain conditions in certain circumstances. A landlord other than the Government may apply for the implementation of the procedure prescribed by the Bihar and Orissa Public Demand Recovery Act, 1914 for recovery of arrears of rent and the State Government may approve or reject any such application. Chapter XVII Limitation Section Importnat Points and Key provisions 230 Application of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908. The provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908, so far as they are inconsistent with this Act, shall apply to all promises, appeals and applications under this Act. 231 General law of limitation All suits or applications instituted under this Act, for which no time limit of limitation is provided in the Act, shall be filed and filed within one year from the date the suit accrues. 232 Limitation of promises and applications for grant of leases etc. A suit or application for grant of lease etc. will be filed and filed at any time. 233 Limitation of promises for eviction. Occupants or non-occupants on any basis shall be instituted for the eviction of the ryot within two years from the date of suit, misuse or breach.

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Important Facts: C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act

• In which year was the Mundari Khuntkattidari system recognized? 1903 AD • In which year was the Bihar Land Reform Act implemented? 1950 A.D. • In which year land was allocated to the raiyats and zamindars by conducting 1902 AD a scientific survey? • During the British rule, who was given the right to appoint landlords in District Collector Jharkhand and remove them from the post? • By which act the authority to hear the disputes related to rent was given to By Chota Nagpur civil courts in place of district collector? Tenure Act, 1869 • When was the Chhotanagpur Landlord and Tenancy Procedures Act In 1879 AD implemented? • Which land survey was done two years before the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Cadastral Survey Act? • Under which section of Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949, provision has Article 27 been made for the settlement of a waste land? • Under which section of Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949, the ryoti land Article 20 can be exchanged? • The Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act 1979 does not apply in which district? Ranchi • When was the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 passed? 1996 • When was the PESA law implemented? 24 December, 1966 • Objective of the PESA law? Strong Gram Sabha

Objectives : C.N.T. Act and S.P.T. Act

1. When was the "Chhotanagpur Tiny Act" Ans. (a) Babu Rakhaldas Haldhar enacted? 3. When was the Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act (a) 1969 (b) 1869 passed? (c) 1769 (d) 1889 (a) 1869 (b) 1897 Ans. (b) 1869 (c) 1908 (d) 1949 2. In 1862, under whose leadership the Ans. (d) 1949 Bhuhari Survey was started to identify 4. In which year Malgujari system was first Bhuhari land and Majius land? introduced in Jharkhand? (a) Babu Rakhaldas Haldhar (a) 1765 (b) 1770 (b) Jaipal Singh (c) 1775 (d) 1780 (c) Birsa Munda Ans. (a) 1765 (d) Devdhan Das Singh

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Disaster Management 5.5

The state of Jharkhand is vulnerable to multi hazards & Disasters, primarily agricultural drought, mining hazard, lightning and flood. The growth registered in the population cities has given birth to the “Slums” and unplanned cities prone to urban risks.

Almost all the 24 districts are affected by different kind of Disaster. There is great need to strengthen the capacity of State, District, Block and newly formed Panchayat level of departments, institutions and functionaries to respond to the Disaster at their own level in participation of community. Jharkhand is vulnerable to following kind of Hazards:

Drought • Mining Accidents Chemical and Industrial Hazards • Lightning Bird Flu • Flood, Earthquake Fire / Forest Fire • Elephant Attacks Climate Change, Biodiversity loss • Naxalism/Landmine Blasts etc. S.No. Name of Hazards No. of Districts Name of the District affected 1. Drought All the 24 Districts (2010) 2. Flood 01 Sahebganj 3. Flash Flood 03 Jamshedpur, Saraikela, Ranchi 4. Forest Fire 09 Garhwa, Palamau, Latehar, Chatra, Hazaribagh, East and West Singhbhum, Simdega, Gumla 5. Lightening 09 Palamau, Chatra, Latehar, Koderma, Ranchi, Giridih, Hazaribagh, Lohardaga, Dumka 6. Mining Hazards 09 Latehar, Ramgarh, Dhanbad, Lohardaga, Giridih, East and West Singhbhum, Koderma 7. Earthquake Hazard- Zone 02 Districts an Godda and Sahebganj - Partially - - IV (High Damage Risk) Zone-III (Moderate 15 Districts Godda, Sahibganj, Garhwa, Palamau, Chatra, - Damage Risk) Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Deoghar, Dumka, Godda, Pakur, Jamtara Zone-II (Less Damage 7 Districts Lohardaga, Ranchi, Ramgarh, Khunti, Gumla, Risk) East and West Singhbhum

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Review, modification and adoption of appropriate laws, rules, codes and other measures to increase disaster management at all levels. Incorporating disaster management aspects in normal developmental activities. Financial Matters. Building of Inventories. Initiating Community Awareness Programme. Training of department officials from the State. Headquarters and districts, members from the community and other stakeholders through a participatory approach. Generating awareness through media and other IEC strategies and workshops for students, teachers and other stakeholders. Documentation.

Preventive Actions Taken by the Government

Early season drought monitoring system is followed in the state with the support of National Agricultural Drought Monitoring System (NADMS), as per the advisory of Jharkhand Space Application Centre. Trend Analysis Preparation of South West Monsoon response plan with Jharkhand State Disaster the entire flood affected districts, line department and Management Authority (JSDMA) Inter-state agencies. has been formed in the year: Documentation of “Dos and Don’ts” for all the major (a) 2009 (b) 2011 disasters of the state via print and electronic media. Early warning dissemination with the support of IMD, (c) 2008 (d) 2010 Jharkhand. Ans (b) 2010 Close coordination and monitoring with Central Water JPSC Prelims Paper-II Exam Commission and Water Resources department of - 18-12-2016 neighboring states like U.P., M.P., Odisha and West Bengal. Awareness campaign about the weather, pattern of crops, lightning etc.

Long Term Measures Taken/Proposed

Preparation of State Disaster Management Plan for all the hazards risks and vulnerability is under process. Preparation of District level Disaster Management Plan is underway . Preparation of Departmental Disaster Management Plan for all line departments Conducting joint mock drills with NDRF and State Fire Services. Development of training manuals for state specific needs and its dissemination through various training programs with multiple stakeholders. Mass awareness program through print and electronic media on community based preparedness on the state specific disasters.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

Sports 5.6

Since British India, this geographical area now Jharkhand has been a healthy soil bastion for sporting activities, it has produced a stream of sports persons who have dazzled world wide by their exemplary feats on and off the ground.

Right from legendry Jharkhand hockey stick magician Jaipal Singh Munda, Captain of gold winning Indian Hockey Team, Amsterdam (Holland).Olympic in 1928. The state has been emerging as a shining star time and again on the sporting highway and various miles stones were and are being created by this fraternity. The sports of Jharkhand comprises of Cricket, Football, Hockey, Archery, Basketball, Volleyball, Badminton and almost all other sports.

Sports person of Jhakrhand S.No. Sport Sportsperson 1. Cricket Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Saurabh Tiwary, Shahbaz Nadeem, Varun Aaron, Virat Singh, Anand Singh, Ishan Kishan, Anukul Roy, Monu Kumar 2. Archery Pumima Mahto, , Madhumita Kumari, Atanu Das, , Pawan Khalkho, Jayant Talukdar, Sima Verma, Rimil Biruli, Laxmi Rani Manjhi, Jai Laxmi Laguri, Namita Kumari, Jhanu Hansda, Manjudha Soy, Bhagyabati Chanu, Bombayla Devi 3. Athletics Prianka Karketa, Budua urav, Gurmit Singh, Harishankar Ray, Amarjit, Jhuma Khatoon, Sonia, V.J. Sonia, Preeti Rao, Sofia Kerkatta, Wasim Akram, Ritesh Anandh, Mohd. Fazal Ansari, Anu Josh, Deepmala Devi, Taspi , Kashinath Aswale 4. Lawn Bowl Rajeev Kumar Sahu , Sunil Bahadur, Abu Talib, Krishna Khalkho, Chandan Kumar, Lovely Choubey, Farzana Khan, Arzoo Rani, Kavita Kumari, Mahip Tirkey, Prince Kumar Mahto, Krishna Khalkho, Rupa Rani Tirkey, Payal Preeti, Dinesh Kumar, Mradul, Manisha Kumari SrivastaVa, Alok Lakra, Sunita Kumari, Sarita Tirkey, Anuj Mundu, Bindu Kumari, Abhishek Lakra 5. Boxing Mishal Lakra, Amit Karki, Praveen Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Sushma Yadav, Mandakini Chanu, Aruna Mishra, Nitu Chaim!, Taruna Mishra, Laxmi Pariya, Swapna Priya 6. Hockey Jaipal Singh Munda, Sylvanus Dung, Manohar Topapno, Malaki Lugun, Fathima Ekka, Marita Tikey, Anila Baig, Vimal Lakra, Priti Sunil Kindo, Asrita lakra, Sumrai Tete, Anshuta Lakra, Anima Soreng, Masira Surin, Tarini Kumari, Michael Kindo, Anima Minz, Amar Mani Kullu, Kanti Baa, Vinita Singh, Nikki Pradhan

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Special Camp: 50% of total strength of sanction NSS volunteers are selected for special camp and Rs. 300 is spent on each volume.

Pykka (Panchayat Yuva Khel Kud Abhiyan)

PYKKA is being proposed to promote young sports persons in rural areas of the State. This scheme will be planned to conduct the sports in Rural areas, where the department promotes various sports activities. Panchayat Yuva Kida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA) will be conducted in blocks and district level. Under the scheme, financial assistance shall be given to a village Block Panchayat for the following Purpose: One-time capital grant- for development of sports infrastructure. Financial pattern will be contributed on 75:25 basis between the Central govt. and the State Govt. Annual acquisition grant - for a period of five years for acquisition of sport equipment, accessories, support fixtures, consumables and repair and maintenance. Annual operational grant - for a period of five years to meet operational expenses ofnon competition activities, including honorarium to Kridashree, Annual competition grant - for organising tournaments at the block level and the district level. Prize money - to village panchayats securing first three positions at the annual block level tournament and to block Panchayats securing first three positions in the annual district level tournament.

Gram Club Yojana (Village Lotus Club Scheme)

The Jharkhand government has taken the initiative to change the picture of the village by forming a village lotus club. In which people from 18 years to 40 years. This club to be built at village level will have 11 members. There will be a chairman, a secretary, a vice-chairman and other members. Panchayat level lotus club together will constitute block level, block level club together, district level lotus club will be formed and district level clubs will function under the control of state level sports authority. This better effort of the government will definitely change the picture of village development. Development will be prepared from village to state level through Kama! Club. The club will conduct cultural, economic, social and sports activities of the village. One lakh rupees will be given to each village club for designing the development works. An amount of two lakh will be provided to the panchayat level and five lakh to the block level. Participation of rural youth will be in building a cleaner and better democracy. Talents from village level to district level will get an opportunity to move forward. Positive thinking will also be spread among the youth through this platform. The government's effort is greatly appreciated.

Sports Welfare Fund / Stipend / Honour

Under this scheme fund is being provided for those injured players or athletes, who are receiving training in residential Day Boarding Sports centers.

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Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 138Chapter Important Personalities 5.7 of Jharkhand

Siddhu-Kanhu

Kanhu Santhal movement was led by Siddhu & Kanhu in 1855–56. Siddhu who born on 1815 and Kanhu in 1820 in the same family. They started the Santhal Movement that was against land owner, money-lenders and the British Government. Later, their two brothers Chand and Bhairav also joined the Santhal movement. They gave the slogan 'Do or Die'. Siddhu & Kanhu were hanged by the Britishers in 1855.

Bhagirath Manjhi Khairwar Movement led by Bhagirath Manjhi He was a social activist and helped in spreading education. He asked people to believe in one God. Khairwar movement was started by Bhagirath Manjhi in 1979. Bhagirath Manjhi declared himself king, where he said people to stop giving any land tax to the landlord. As a result, he was arrested. Manjhi was released in 1877 and died in 1879 AD.

Birsa Munda Birsa was born on 15th November 1874 at Ulihatoo village. Birsa Munda is one of the most famous personality among Jharkhand revolution His father's name was Sugna Munda while his mother's name was Karmi. Birsa asked his people to believe in one God and founded a new sect known as 'Birsait Sect'. People revered him as 'Bhagwan Birsa.' He also got associated with the ongoing land revolution at Chaibasa and other revolts in the forests of Chakradharpur. He fought extensively for the natural rights of the tribals over the land and forest. Birsa Munda also led a decisive rebellion against the indigenous peoples by landlords and Sahukars. In 1895, Bisa Munda declared himself the messenger of Singbonga. The Dombari mountain was a major focal point of the Birsa movement. Birsa Munda led the Ulugulan uprising of 1895-900 AD From 1895 to 1900, he remained associated with the ongoing revolution and revolts of the British Government. He was imprisioned in Hazaribagh Jail for 2 years in 1896-97. He was died on 9th June, 1900 in Ranchi Jail.

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He was the first revolutionary leader of Chhotanagpur for which the Britishers declared a cash prize of 1000 Rs. Bhudhu Bhagat was died on 14 Feburary 1932 while fighting with the British forces.

Raghubar Das

Raghubar Das was born on 10 August 1975 in Nemara in Ramgarh. He is son of Roopi and Shibu Soren, former Chief Minister of Jharkhand. He was sworn in as the 7th Chief Minister of Jharkhand State on 29th December, 2019. He is an Indian politician and belongs to .

Raghubar Das

Raghubar Das was born on 3rd May, 1955 in Jamshedpur. Raghubar Das is the first non-trible Chief Minister of Jharkhand. He was sworn in as the 6th Chief Minister of Jharkhand State on 28th December, 2014. He is an Indian politician and belongs to Bhartiya Janata party. A former employer of Tata Steel, he served as the member of Legislative Assembly for 5 times. In 1975, He participated with Jay Prakash Narayanin Sampuran Kranti Revolution.

Babu Ram Narain Singh

A political activist, Ram Narain supported Gandhiji in uniting people to take part in theNon- Cooperation movement and the Quit India movement. After Independence, he was elected as the member of Parliament from Chatra constituency. 'Swaraj Lut hoya was written by Babu Ram Narain Singh.

Binod Bihari Mahato

A political activist, is a prominent member associated with the movement that demanded a separate state of Jharkhand. In 1969, he founded 'Siwaji Samaj' with the aim to end all the malpractices going on in the Kurmi Samaj. In 1973, he alongwith other members founded the 'Jharkhand Mukit Morcha'. People called him 'babu' as a sign of respect for all the developmental activites undertaken by him.

Shibu Soren

Shibu Soren is considered a prominent leader in the development of Jharkhand. He alongwith other members constitiuted the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha in 1973.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Awards and Honours 153

Literary Honors and a citation. List of awardees of the year 2015 are as follows:- Rabilal Tudu was given Sahitya Academy

Award in 2015 for Parsi Khatir (Play). Dr Lakshmi Prasad Gupta – Medicine Dr Nandna Roy – Astrology Suchitra Hansda was given Sahitya Academy Yuva Award in 2015 for Bera Ahila (Poetry). Virendra Narayan Tiwari – Cultural Services

Srikante Soren was given Bal Sahitya Puraskar Nisha Chaudhary – Education Award in 2015 for Haryar Mayam (Poetry). Natan Rajak Mangal Majhi Murmu was given Akademi Manishankar Prasad Translation Award in 2013 for his book Malan Gopiyayram Mahato Anal and Original title is Bhagya Chakra Bengali – Haradhan Adhikari Trend Analysis University of the Year for excellence is value based education is awarded to ICFAI Which one of the following Environmentalist university on 15th March, 2015. of the Jharkhand has been honoured with the Padma Shri Award of the year 2016? Which CSIR Young Scientist Awards, 2015 was one of the following Environmentalist of awarded to DR. Ekhlaque Ahmed for the Jharkhand has been honoured with the outstanding work in biotechnology in plant Padma Shri Award of the year 2016? breeding carried under Birsa Agricultural University , Ranchi. (a) Shivlal Sagar (b) Dr. Surendra Prasad Jharkhand Sewa Ratna Award (c) Simon Oraon This is the highest civilian award of the state. (d) Ashok Bhagat This award is presented to the people who have done distinguished work in various Ans (c) Simon Oraon fields. The award consists of a Golden plaque JPSC Prelims paper-II - 18-12-2016

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

Education 6.1

Education has continued to evolve diversity and extend its reach and coverage since the dawn of human history. Every country develops its system of education to express and promote its unique socio- cultural identity and also to meet the challenges of the times. Jharkhand Education is centered around the examinations conducted under the state Boards Universities and colleges. Jharkhand Intermediate Exams Board, the Jharkhand secondary Examination Board, the Universities and colleges comprise the education in Jharkhand. Literacy rate in Jharkhand has seen upward trend and is 66.41 percent as per 2011 population census. Male literacy stands at 76.84 percent while female literacy is at 52.04 percent. District with highest literacy rate is Ranchi (76- 06%) followed by Purbi Singhbhum (75.49%). District having the highest male literacy rate is Dhanbad (83.81%) followed by Ranchi (84- 26%). District having the highest female literacy rate is Ranchi (67.44%) followed by Purbi Singbhum. District having the lowest literacy rate is Pakur (48.82%).

Districts: Lowest Literacy Rate Districts: Highest Literacy Rate S.No. Districts Literacy (%) S.No. Districts Literacy (%) 1. Pakur 48.82 1. Ranchi 76.60 2. Sahebganj 52.04 2. East Singhbhum 75.49 3. Godda 56.40 3. Dhanbad 74.51 4. West Singhbhum 58.63 4. Ramgarh 73.17 5. Latehar 59.51 5. Bokaro 72.01

Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and NET Enrolment Ratio (NER) Gross and Net enrolment ratios are used to show the general level of participation in a given level of education. A 100 per cent NER at any educational level shows a universal participation of the respective corresponding population qualified as per the age requirements of that educational level. GER is sometimes greater than 100 per cent as it also covers, in addition, to proper aged, over aged, under aged and repeaters in the corresponding enroled population at the different educational levels. Jharkhand has achieved a GER of more than 100 per cent at the primary, upper primary and elementary levels which is quite appreciable. At the primary level the NER is 92 per cent which is healthy but given the millennium-development- goals of 100 per cent NER. The NER at the secondary and the higher secondary level is less than 50 per cent and hence demands more efforts.

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At present all the primary and upper primary Government, Government- aided local body schools, national child labour projects schools Centers under education Guarantee scheme (EGS) / Alternative and Innovative education (AIE), Madrasas and Maqtabs supported under SSA are covered under Mid- day meal scheme. The scheme was extended during 2008-09 to cover children upper primary classes and the name of the scheme was changed as ‘National programme of Mid- day meal in school. The mid day meal scheme have covered 10:68 core elementary class children is 12:12 lakh schools in the country. In Jharkhand Bal-Sansad (child cabinet) is actively involved in the orderly distribution of mid-day meal.

Right to Education Act

The Right to education (RTE) act came into force in 2010 in whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir. It was made Trend Analysis even Fundamental Right by amendment in the constitution Among the following schools, the and enacting new Article 21A in the constitution. The Right Jharkhand government has planned to free and compulsory education Act (RTE Act) is child to gift tablets to all the students of centric and rights – based approach which states, that the class 9-12 in schools? children in the age- group of 6-14 years have right to free and (a) CBSC & ICSE School compulsory education till the elementary level. It also implies (b) Savitri Phule Balika Vidyalay right to admission, attendance and completion of elementary (c) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay education. No child can be denied admission to schools and (d) Kendriya Kanya Vidyalay there is a policy of no detention/ expulsion till elementary Ans (c) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay education is completed. Besides this, RTE has given clear guidelines regarding what facilities and infrastructure a school JSSC Reserve Competitive Exam - should have. It has also provided norms for schools access at 2016 the elementary level and has specified teacher adequacy norms.

The Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan It is a centrally Sponsored scheme with a funding of 75:25 between center and states (90:10 for special category and North eastern states was launched in 2009-10). It was formulated on the success of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and it includes multilateral organizations, Ngo, and Institutions. The major objectives of the RMSA are to : (i) Raise the maximum level of education to class X and universalize access to secondary education. (ii) To ensure good- quality secondary education with focus on Science Mathematics and English. (iii) To reduce the gender, social and regional gapes in enrolments dropouts and improving retention. The scheme envisages inter alia, to enhance the enrollment at secondary stage by providing secondary school with a reasonable distance of habitation. To achieve a gross enrolment Ratio (GER), of 100% by 2017 and to enhance and universalize retention by 2020. With a view to ensure efficient utilization of funds and greater coordination, other centrally sponsored schemes of secondary education, i.e. ICT school, Inclusive education for disabled at secondary stage (IEDSS) vocational education (VE) and girls hostel (GH) have been subsumed under the RMSA scheme.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter

Tribes And Their Culture 6.2

The fifth schedule covers Tribal areas in states of India namely Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujrat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odhisa and Rajasthan.

The fifth schedule under Article 244(2) of the constitution defines “ schedule Areas” as such areas as the president may by order declare to the schedule Area after constitution with the Governor of the state.

List of Schedule Area in Jharkhand S. No District Blocks under scheduled Area 1. Ranchi Burmu, Mandar, Chanho, Bero, Lapung, Ratu,Silli, Namkum, kanke, Angara, Sonahatu, Tamar, Bundu, Arki, Khunti, Murhu, Karra, Topra, Ormanjhi, Rania. 2. Lohardaga- Kisko, kuru, Lohardaga, Senha, Bhandra. 3. Gumila Biahnpur, Ghaghra, Chainpur, Dumri, Raidih, Gumla, Sisai, Bharno, Kamdera, basia, Palkot. 4. Simdega kolebira, Bano, Jaldega, Thathaitangar, Kurdega, Simdega, Bolwa. 5. Latehar Barwadih, Balumath, Chandwa, Latehar, Garu, Mahutanr, Manika. 6. Garhwa Bandaria 7. West Singhbhum Bandgaon, Chakradharpur, Sonua, Goelkera, Manoharpur, Noamundi, Jagannathpur, Manjgaon, Manjhari, Tantnagar, Jhainkpani, Khuntipani, Chai basa, Kumardungi. 8. Saraikela Govindpur (Raj Nagar), Adityapur (Gomharia), Saraikela, Kharsawan, Kuchai, Chandil, Kharsawan, Singbhum Ichagarh, Namdih. 9. East Singhbhum Golmuri Jugsalai, Patamada, Potka, Dumaria, Musabani,Ghatshila, Dhalbhumgarh, chakulia, Baharagora. 10. Dumka Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama Ramgarh, Gooikander, Dumka, Kathi Kund, Shikaripara, Rameshwar, Masalia. 11. Sahibgani Borio, Talkharia, Rajmahal, Sahibganj, Barharwa, Patna, Barhet. 12. Pakur Littpara, , , Pakur, , Maheshpur. 13. Godda , Boarijor, blocks. 14. Jamtara Kundehi,Nala, Jamtara, Naraynpur. 15. Palamu Rabda and Bakoriya Panchayat at Satbarwa Block.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

Energy 6.3

Geography and Structure of Jharkhand Energy department in Jharkhand has least role to get surplus power because energy consumption in Jharkhand is always high and energy is essential for economic as well as overall development of the state. Availability of continuous power is most essential thing for greater developmental ratio of industrial production in Jharkhand. Jharkhand is of the richest states in terms of mineral resources and has substantial potential to become the power hub for the country. Despite being endowed with rich mineral resources and potential to become a hub for power generation of India Jharkhand is amongst the one having high poverty level and lowest levels of rural electrification. A majority nearly 40% of rural households (HHS)are yet to be connected to electricity and nearly 88% of total electrified rural HHS are supplied power for up to 20 hours only. One of the distribution features of power sector in Jharkhand is that it is being served by multiple distribution licences viz. IBNL, DRC, Tata steel, JUSCO and SAIL Bokaro. Two licences viz, DVC and JUSCO have overlapping geographical boundries with the state distribution utility JBVNL. Jharkhand has a pastly 1500 mw installed capacity means a mirage 20 watts per capita against average 100 watts per capita. Undertakings of the department of energy in jharkhand:- 1. Jharkhand Vitran Nigam limited (Ranchi) 2. Jharkhand Bijali Vitran Nigam Limited (Ranchi) 3. Jharkhand Urja Utpadan Nigam Limited (Ranchi) 4. Jharkhand urja sancharan nigam limited (ranchi) 5. Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (Ranchi) 6. Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Limited (Ranchi) Total load of power in Jharkhand is 3290 mw Out of the total load level, about 1810 MW is served by Jharkhand Bijali Vitran Nigam Limited. 1485 mw is served by all other. It is pertinent to mention that except JBVNL, Jharkhand At A Glance other utilities operating in the state have already achieved 100% electrifications and nearly 24 × 7 power availability with their respective areas of operation. In terms of electrification, the state faces a challenge to electrify nearly 28.18 lac (–56%) rural HHS and 1.8 lac (–10.4%) urban HHS. JBVNL is faced with significant demand-supply mismatch with peak deficit of –14.6% (310 MW) and energy deficit of about 6.0% as FY 15

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Industries of Jharkhand 6.4

The Progress of a state is to great extent measured by its industrial development.

With make in India progressing at fast pace, Jharkhand has also followed its footsteps and launched make in Jharkhand, Which can also boost the Industrial sector of the state. Jharkhand is becoming the vanguard of Industrialization among the India states. Jharkhand is presently producing about 20-25 percent of the total steel being produced in the country. With the proposed expansion of a number of integrated steel plants, Jharkhand will be producing over 25 MT of steel and thus will become the potential steel- hub of India. The share of manufacturing in the total output of the industrial sector is the highest, as it occupies 41% share, followed by mining and quarrying activities that occupy 35% of the value of the total output of the industrial sector construction occupies 21% and electricity gas and water supply occupy 3% in the total output. Jharkhand is the largest producer of tassar silk. The state accounts for seven percent share in India’s silk production and 66% share in tussar silk production. Jharkhand produces 1,200 MT of tassar Silk in India, the state accounts for about 62% of total tussar silk production in the country Construction of Silk Park at Irwa has been started. Jharkhand is the first state to establish “Jharkhand corporate social Responsibility council”. This council is headed by the chief Minister. The state highway of Hazaribagh to Bijupara Road is funded by NTPC with Rs. 441 cr. And CCL Jharkhand At A Glance is developing the Hot war Mega sports complex as a sports university. Investment opportunities in Jharkhand No. of projects – 8 Opportunity – 9.6 billion dollar Private projects – 5 Government projects – 103 Steel projects – 5.5 billion dollar Jharkhand Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation

The Chief Minister approved additional manpower for JIIDCO. JIIDCO shall provide secretarial support to single window clearance system and also provide housekeeping support to DICs. The process has been initiated to form a Joint Venture Company between GAIL Gas Ltd and JIIDCO for the development of the city gas distribution at Ranchi and Jamshedpur. The Government of India has sanctioned an Electronic Manufacturing cluster at Aditaypur. Department of Industries has submitted a proposal to Govt. of India for establishing a Plastic park at Devipur, Deoghar. Barhi, in the Hazaribagh district has been identified approved by the Honorable chief minister as the nodal point for IMC under Amritsar- industrial corridor.

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Business Eco-System The government of Jharkhand has accorded the highest priority for improving the business eco- system in the state. With the view to steer rapid economic reforms and promote investment in the state, it is imperative to create an environment which is congenial for the development of entrepreneurship. The various components of improving the Business Eco-System are: 1. Jharkhand Investment Promotion Board Trend Analysis 2. Single Window Clearence Mechanism Which of the following districts 3. Single Window Portal of Jharkhand is one of the main 4. Single Window Cell sources of asbestos in the world? 5. Ease of Doing Business (a) Dhanbad 6. Jharkhand Investment Centre (b) Bokaro (c) Garhwa Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society (JSDMS) (d) Hazaribagh Ans (d) Hazaribagh The Jharkhand Skill Development Mission Society (JSDMS) was registered on 1st October, 2013 under the Societies JSSC Combined Graduate Level Registration Act, 1860 to focus on skill development in the sectors Competitive (Pre.) Examination- such as agriculture, apparel, made ups and home furnishing, 21-06-2016 handicrafts, textile and handloom among others.

Creating Opportunities Changing Lives-JHARCRAFT

Jharkhand Silk Textile and handicraft Development Corporation Ltd. (JHARCRAFT) isa government of Jharkhand undertaking under the Industry Department and is registered under section 26 under the Companies Act 1956. It was incorporated on the 23rd of August 2006. It was established to develop and support sericulture farmers, weavers and artisans living in the remote areas of Jharkhand. The organization is entrusted with the role of implementation of the government funded schemes to promote tasar silk, handloom and handicraft of the state. The infects of Jharkhand were showcased in Germany and Japan and were visited by the Prime Minister of India and the Chancellery of Germany in Hannover, Germany, which gave JHARCRAFT a global presence. It was also adjudged as the best government undertaking to have had a social impact by the Times Group last year. As JHARCRAFT is engaged in imparting training to the craft workers, which will support in the production and marketing of their products, the government of Jharkhand has classified one of the objectives to set upthe Institute of Fashion Technology, NID Design centre in association with JHARCRAFT. The works carried out by JHARCRAFT are as follows: Implementation of various schemes of handloom, sericulture handicraft. Implementation of the Mega Handloom cluster, Godda sponsored by the goverment of India and other centrally sponsored schemes Implementation of computer aided design in 5 centres with the help of C-DAC and other state plan and training programmes. Running of 17 marketing outlets in various cities to provide marketing support to the persons engaged in the production of handloom, sericulture and handicraft goods.

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Limestone come from Palamu district (Jharkhand) Hydroelectricity from Damodar Valley Corporation The biggest blast furnance of Asia is installed here. Rods, graders. Slabs, angles, Pipes and fish plates are manufactured here.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Minerals of Jharkhand 6.5

Jharkhand has large deposits of minerals Quality Iron ore in South-eastern portions of Approx 40 percent of the total minerals of the the state. country are available in the state. Damodar valley is characterised by The state in the dominant producer of coking Gondwana deposits. so that thick coal seams coal, uranium and Pyriles. of bituminous and other types of coal found It ranks first in the production of coal, mica, here. kyonites and copper in India. The formations of vindhan deposits in the The Dharwarian sedimentation enabled north-western and south-eastern margins the state to have good reserve of superior (Jharkhand) Limeston.

Lava cappings during creataceous period extremity of the Chhotanagpur plateau enriched this region with laterites containing consists of Jurassic Volcanic Lava flows. bauxite. Jharkhand is the sole producer of cooking The Raj mahal hills, lying in the noth-eastern coal and uranium.

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It is also found in Hazaribagh Rajmahal According to the Geological survey of India, the highland, purbi Singhbhum, etc State has 3 to 6 coal seam having the thickness ranging from 83 meters to 25 meters which China Clay provides convenient mining of coal. It is white powdery clay derived from the Coal of this region are bituminous and decomposition of feldspar in pegmatite, subbituminous type of Gondwana period granite, schists, gneisses, etc. which are individual use. It occurs in almost area of the state especially Coal mines of the Damodar Basin lies in in Ranchi, Dhanbad, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh north- South direction. and santhal pargana. Coal mines of this State is divided into five It is used for bleaching material and textile major regions: industry, paper industry, insulator etc. 1. Damoar Valley coal region:-Jharia, Graphite ,Bokaro, Ramgarh, south karanpura, North karampura, etc. This mineral is also known as plumbago or 2. Hazaribagh and Giridih coal region:- It khori, Bleach Lead. chop, giridih, etc. It is found in north koel Basin especially 3. Ajay Bagim coal region:- Jayanti, Sahjori, Kundil in the surrounding areas of Daltonganj Karaia, etc. having pegmatite veins of Daltonganj having 4. Rajmahal Hilly coal Region:-Brahamani, pegmatite veins. pachwara, chaparbita, Jilbari, Hara, etc. Small amount is also available in Ranchi 5. North Koel valley coal Region: Daltonganj, Hutar district. and Auranga. The deposits of palamu are mined mainly by state Mineral Development corporation and Jharia Coal Region other private parties. This is the most important coal field of the Trend Analysis state. Which of the following districts Jharia coal region lies in the district of of Jharkhand has the highest Dhanbad and Bokaro. graphite reserve? This region has three main mining plans at (a) Gumla Munidih, putaki and Balihari. (b) Singhbhum (c) Palamu Bokaro Coal Region (d) Dhanbad This coal region is only 5 kms west of Jharia Ans (c) Palamu coal Ltd. JSSC Kakshpal (Mains) Exam - flow through this region and 10-07-2016 divides the coal field into Eastern and western coal field. Coal The steel plant of depends for Jharkhand is the largest coal producing metallurgical coal of this region. state in the country followed by odisha, chhattisgarh, west Bengal Karanpura Coal Region Actually,38% of the total reserves (coal) of This coal region is also bifurcated into India are found in this state. Northern and southern coal fields .

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Transportation 8.6

Smooth movement of public goods and hassle free public transport system forms the backbone of a modern and better administered state. A modern transportation system works as a catalyst for growth oriented public economy and utility services. The Transport Department of Jharkhand is striving to promote road infrastructure support for transportation of goods and passenger, to promote public transport and advanced quality of

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter

Planning and Schemes 8.7

In a state where 75.95% of the total population lives in rural areas (Census 2011), the government is committed to address the issues and problems particularly distinctive to the rural areas ofthe state for achieving holistic and inclusive development. For this purpose, both, the central andthe state governments are striving hard to device innovative policies and programs that could create opportunities for the rural people to make their life better. With a vision to make rural resources the engine of growth for the state of Jharkhand and country as a whole, the government initiatives in last fiscal year targeted specific issues pertaining to improvement in rural livelihood opportunities, creation of productive assets in the villages that could provide sustainable sources of income, creation of infrastructure that could help in improving vital indicators like health, education and skill development, empowering rural women socially and economically so that they can become the face of the growing Jharkhand, management of natural resources and ensuring transparent governance at grass root level.

Schemes Related to Education 1. Birsa Munda Technical Scholarship Scheme Establishment Important Facts 2001 Under this scheme, financial assistance is provided to the students of scheduled tribe scholarship program, who are getting technical education outside the state. 2. Laboratory establishment and strengthening scheme in residential schools Establishment Important Facts 2001 Under this scheme practical science education is imparted in residential high schools. 3. University Polytechnic for ST students Establishment Important Facts 2002 Under this scheme, University Polytechnic is run for students belonging to Scheduled Tribes at BIT, Mesra. Under this 5% seats are reserved for students of primitive tribes. 4. Cycle Distribution Scheme Establishment Important Facts 2002 The objective of this scheme is to encourage girl students of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, minority communities and families living below the poverty line to go to school.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Planning and Schemes 101

2. Pahadiya Health Centre Establishment Important Facts 2002 The objective of this scheme is to provide healthcare to the people of Pahadia tribe. 3. Chief Minister Health Insurance Scheme Establishment Important Facts 15 November Its objective is to provide free health services to BPL families. 2017 80% of its benefit goes to BPL families who are beneficiaries of National Food Security Scheme. The remaining 20% ​​of BPL families have to pay a `500 premium amount to benefit this scheme. 4. Jharkhand Sahia Arogya Key Scheme Establishment Important Facts 2019 Its aim is to arrange medical kit health key in all the villages of the state, so that small diseases in the village can be treated by Sahia. This is a unique initiative across the country that will benefit the poor and deprived people of all the districts of the state. Schemes Related to Housing 1. Birsa Munda Housing Scheme Establishment Important Facts 2002 The objective of this scheme is to provide financial assistance to the peopleof primitive tribes for building houses. 2. Vedvyas Housing Scheme Establishment Important Facts 2016 The objective of this scheme is to provide housing to fishermen. 3. Bhimrao Ambedkar Housing Scheme Establishment Important Facts 2016 The objective of this scheme is to maintain equality and goodwill in the society and all round development of the society. The scheme was launched on the 25th birth anniversary of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. Housing is provided to widowed women under this scheme. Under this scheme, a grant of `75,000 is provided for construction of houses in hilly areas and `70,000 in hilly areas. Schemes Related to Sports 1. Sports Scholarship Scheme Establishment Important Facts 2006 The objective of this scheme is to encourage the players.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

Economy 6.8

After the drought of the year 2015-16 and consequent dip in its economic growth, the economy has bounced back to the phase of high growth rate.

The average annual growth rate (AAGR) for the last three years (2016-17 to 2018-19) has been 8.2 per cent. Last year it grew at the rate of 6.7 per cent and in the current financial year, it is estimated to grow at the rate of 6.8 per cent.

The state has made a commendable progress so far as other indicators of development are also concerned. The real Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Jharkhand is estimated to grow by 6.8 per cent and the nominal GSDP1 by 10.4 per cent in the current financial year (2018-19). The state economy has almost grown at a steady rate for the last two years. In 2017-18 the growth in its real and nominal GSDP was 6.7 per cent and 10.2 per cent, respectively. The growth rates in these two years have moderated after a high growth experienced in the year 2016-17. In 2016-17 the real and nominal GSDP grew at the rate of 11.2 per cent and 14 per cent. respectively. The real and the nominal GSDP, thus, has grown at the average annual rate of 8.2 per cent and 11.5 per cent, respectively, in the last three years. The Gross State Value Added at basic prices (GSVA)2 at constant prices has grown at an annual rate of 8.9. 6.5 and 6.6 per cent respectively in the last three years, that is, in the years 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19. The per capita income at constant prices in these three years (2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19) has grown at 9.4, 5.0 and 5.1 per cent respectively. The real GSDP of Jharkhand is estimated to be 2,21,587 crore and the real GSVA at basic prices is estimated to be 1,82,893 crore in the financial year 2018-19. The GSDP and GSVA, thus, are estimated to have grown by about 47 per cent and 40 per cent respectively and per capita income by about 32 per cent in the last seven years.

A Decomposition of Jharkhand's Growth Story

Sectoral Variations in Growth Rate: Like the rest of the country, the growth in Jharkhand has not been uniform across its sectors. In the last two years (201718 and 2018-19), the tertiary sector has been the fastest and the agriculture, forestry and fishing the slowest growing sectors of the state's economy. While the tertiary sector grew at an annual rate of about 8 per cent, the agriculture and allied sector grew at the rate of about 3.8 per cent only. The mining and quarrying sector has grown at the rate of 7.6 and the manufacturing sector by 6.7 per cent per annum in the last two years.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Jharkhand Exams Solved 7.1

Objective questions (a) Proto-Australoid (b) Austric First Combined Civil Services Prelims (c) Negro Competitive Examination - 2003 (d) Mongoloid

1. Jharkhand was known by which name in 8. Which one of the following is not the Mahabharata? correct match? (a) Naagdesh (b) Gandharva desh (a) Sanctuary- Palamu (c) Pundreek desh (d) Matsya desh (b) Topchanchi Sanctuary- Dhanbad 2. The largest tribe of Jharkhand by numbers- (c) Bird Sanctuary- Koderma (a) Ho (b) Munda (d) Sanctuary- Chatra (c) Santhal (d) Oraon 9. Inhabitant of Jharkhand Lalit Mohan Rai’s 3. Total number of members of Lok Sabha name is associated with which area? from Jharkhand are- (a) Music (b) Sports (a) 14 (b) 16 (c) Painting (d) Acting (c) 18 (d) 20

4. What is Paika? 10. What percentage of Jharkhand’s population is engaged in agricultural activities? (a) Dance (b) Folk song (a) 70.63 (b) 86.26 (c) Painting (d) Folk art (c) 90.80 (d) 92.42 5. When did Kharwar Tribal movement happen? 11. What is the state flower of Jharkhand? (a) 1857 (b) 1860 (a) Rose (b) Lotus (c) 1865 (d) 1874 (c) Palash (d) Marigold 6. Who led the ? (a) Sidhu-Kanhu Answers (b) Bhairav, Chand 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) (c) Both (a) and (b) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (*) (d) None of the above 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c)

7. Jharkhand has 30 tribal communities in 8. (*) At present Mahuatand Sanctuary is in total. The source of most of the tribes is: Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Jharkhand Exams Solved 41 (b) Eastern Railway, Kolkata (d) Small Dance Community of Jharkhand (c) East-Central Railway, Hajipur 6. Which of the following Agency is (d) North-Central Railway, responsible for the development of renewable energy in Jharkhand? Answers (a) JSPCB (b) JSCCAU 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c) (c) JREDA (d) JPDREA

7. December 2018 Rupees ...... announced for Mukhmantri Krishi Yojna for Farmer- J.S.S.C. - Jharkhand Excise Constable (a) 22050 Crore (b) 2250 Crore Exam 04/08/2019 (c) 1250 Crore (d) 22500 Crore

1. JeRAS stand for– 8. Where is the origin point of Damodar River in Jharkhand (a) Jharkhand Online Government Receipts Accounting System (a) Ganga Hill (b) Jharkhand Online Government Rural (b) Deoghar Tilkut Hill and Agriculture Service (c) Padma, Hazaribagh Hill (c) Jharkhand Online Government Rural (d) Latehar, Chotanagpur Plateau Area Service 9. Which of the following pair is incorrect (d) Jharkhand Growth Re-structing Action Scheme (a) Deepika Kumari - Archery (b) Mahendra Singh Dhoni - Cricket 2. What is the Contribution of Jharkhand in steel production in India? (c) Pratima Kumari - Wrestling (a) 40-50% (b) 10-15% (d) Jaipal Singh Munda - Hockey (c) 20-25% (d) 30-40% 10. Which of the following has won Gold Medal in commonwealth games 2010 3. Which of the following is state Animal of Jharkhand (a) Mishal Bainjamin Lakra (a) Elephant (b) Lion (b) Deepika Kumari (c) Deer (d) Pythons (c) Laxmi Padya (d) Pratima Kumari 4. In which of the district Kaushal Vikas Summit 2019 was held 11. Which of the following festival performed (a) Dhanbad (b) Jamshedpur by unmarried girl for prosperity of the family (c) Ranchi (d) Bokaro (a) Karma (b) Jawa 5. Awardes of Laureus World Sports Awards (c) Rohini (d) Bandana 2019 was (a) Jharkhand's N.G.O. - Yuwa 12. Story of Village Priest regarding eatthen pots is related to (b) Tribal Community of Jharkhand (a) Karma (b) Sarhul (c) Sports person of Jharkhand Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 45Chapter Multiple Choice Question 7.2

1...... become the first state in the 6. The chhotanagpur Tenancy act received country to implement direct benefit the assent of the governor general on transfer (DBT) in Kerosene Scheme. the...... (a) Bihar (b) Chhattisgarh (a) 29the october 1908 (c) Jharkhand (d) Gujrat (b) 30th october 1908 Ans. (c) (c) 2nd december 1908 (d) None 2. Jharkhand is the 28th state of India and was formed in 15 November...... Ans. (a) (a) 1999 (b) 2000 7. Which of the following chapter of of C.N.T. (c) 2001 (d) 2002 act 1908 deal with occupancy raiyat Ans. (b) (a) Chapter I (b) Chapter II (c) Chapter III (d) Chapter IV 3...... were much in use during the middle stone age in Jharkhand Ans. (d) (a) Microliths 8. Which of the following chapter of C.N.T (b) Weapons made of bones act 1908 deals with non occupancy raiyat. (c) Earthern pots (a) Chapter IV (b) Chapter V (d) None (c) Chapter VI (d) None of the above Ans. (a) Ans. (c)

4. Chhotanapur Tenancy act consists of 9. Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949 ...... chapters. extends to ...... district (a) 18 (b) 19 (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 20 (d) 21 (c) 7 (d) 4 Ans. (b) Ans. (b)

5. The chhotanagpur Tenancy act came into 10. Santhal Pergana Tenancy Act, 1949 came ferce on the ...... into force in ...... (a) 11th November, 1908 (a) Ist October, 1949 (b) 14th December 1908 (b) 2and October, 1949 (c) 2nd October 1908 (c) 3rd October, 1949 (d) Ist April 1908 (d) Ist November, 1949 Ans. (a) Ans. (d)

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter

1000 Most important One Linera for Jharkhand Exams 8.1

$$ Which of the districts in Jharkhand has maximum number of people from Palamu Scheduled Castes? $$ Which sect of Buddhism was flourishing in Jharkhand during Pala rulers? Vajrayan $$ Which tribal community had revolted against Company Government in Ho 1818? $$ When was the first census held in Jharkhand? 1872 $$ Who was the tribal leader who organised Kisan Sabha in 1929 during Theble Oraon freedom movement? $$ Which range of rocks is scarce in Jharkhand? Cuddapah Range $$ Where is the headquarters of North Chhota Nagpur Division located? Hazaribagh $$ Who is the author of the book `Mundari Tud Kothari' that won Sahitya Manmasih Mundu Akademi Award? $$ Which soil found in Jharkhand is not suitable for agriculture? Laterite soil Giridih $$ In which district of Jharkhand Maximum spices are produced? Palamu $$ In which district of Jharkhand is 'Gautam Buddha Sanctuary' located? Koderma $$ Where is `Birsa Bhagwan Biological Park' situated? Ranchi $$ What is the percentage of mineral reserves in Jharkhand out of total found 37% in India? $$ Where in Jharkhand was the first iron and steel industry in private sector Jamshedpur established? $$ What was the name given by Raja Man Singh to the new city located in Akbar Nagar Rajmahal? $$ Which Governor served for the longest period from May 2015 to May 2020 Druapdi Murmu in Jharkhand? $$ Which district in Jharkhand has the maximum reserves of mica? Koderma $$ When did Chero Revolt take place? Chero Revolt 1800-1819 $$ Gopal Rai was connected with which revolt? Chero Revolt $$ Who suppressed Munda Ulgulan (Munda Revolt)? Commissioner Forbes/ Dy. Commissioner Streetfield $$ What was the original name of Jaipal Singh? Venand Pahan

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point 8 Jharkhand Current Affairs (2019-2020)

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Jharkhand Budget 9.2 )2020-2021(

Jharkhand Budget (2020-21): At a Glance Hemant Soren's government presented a budget of Rs 86370 crore for the financial year 2020- 2021 in the Jharkhand Assembly on the 3rd of March. The budget has focused on 57 lakh families of the state, including farmers, tribals, as well as food security. The government has announced the loan waiver of farmers as promised earlier. In this regard, a provision of Rs 2000 crore has been made in the budget. While the budget is said to provide free dhoti, sari and lungi to 57 lakh families, a provision has been made to open 100 mohalla clinics along with 100 units of free electricity to consumers who use less than 300 units of electricity. Similarly, in the budget, Chief Minister Rural Transport Scheme, Paddy Production and Market Access, Chief Minister Special Scholarship Scheme, Rs 10 crore for giving free technical education to girls, setting up of Jharkhand Center for Learning under Jharkhand Education Grid Scheme, digital in secondary schools It has been announced to start a new scheme named Chief Minister Digital Incentive Scheme etc. for education. In the tourism sector, where the provision of connecting 50 thousand youths with employment has been made in the budget, a provision has been made to open a separate tribal university in the state. As per the provision made in the budget, the honorarium of cooks who cook mid-day meal has been increased by Rs 500. Aim to achieve eight percent growth rate The budget aims to achieve eight percent growth rate. 73315.94 crore for revenue expenditure, while a provision of 13054.04 crore has been made for capital expenditure. According to the budget, 21669.50 crore from state tax revenue, 11820.34 crore from non-tax revenue, 15839 crore from central assistance, 25979.91 crore as state's share in central taxes, 11000 crore from public debt and Rs. 61.25 crore from recovery of loans and advances. How much does it cost 1. General Area: 25047.43 Crore 2. Social Sector: 32167.58 Crore 3. Economic Sector: 25254.99 Crore Hemant government of Jharkhand has presented the budget for the new financial year. In this, schemes worth Rs 86 thousand 370 crore have been taken. Opening the treasury to the poor, the Finance Minister of the government, Rameshwar Oraon, has announced a loan waiver scheme for farmers and has proposed an expenditure of Rs 2000 crore. With the free power up to 100 units, 100 mohalla clinics have been opened and the Chief Minister Canteen Scheme has been started. Opening the mouth of the treasury, along with free transport scheme in rural areas, in the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, it has been announced to give 50 thousand rupees more to the poor who build houses in rural areas. 13 Jharkhand Budget (2020-2021)

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Chapter Jharkhand

Current Affairs - 2019 9.3

January 2019 Global Skill Summit 2019 On January 10, 2019, the one-day Global Skill Summit 2019 was held in Ranchi. It is important that Jharkhand is only state where overall three global summits were organized in a row merely in four years by the state government. The theme of the Summit was: ‘Skilling Youth, Enabling Youth’. It was under the "MOMEMTUM JHARKHAND" campaign. Unique feature of the Summit was that on this occasion, in total 1,06,619 youths of Jharkhand were given symbolic offer letter for jobs in the private sector, surpassing the target of giving jobs to 1,00,000 youths. Thus, Jharkhand became the first state to achieve the feat of giving jobs to over one lakh youths in the private sector. Additionally, 17 countries took part in this summit. February 2019 Higher power allocation to Home State The Cabinet Committee chaired by has approved the proposal of Ministry of Power to allocate 85% of Power generated to Telangana and Jharkhand from Under Construction Projects of National Thermal Power Corporation Limited. The proposal seeks to provide 85% of power to Telangana govt. generated from Telangana Super Thermal Power Project (4000MW) of NTPC ltd. and further 85% to Jharkhand govt. from Patratu Thermal Power Station (4000MW) of Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. of NTPC Ltd. The Projects will be allocated in two phases as follows–Jharkhand project will come up at Patratu in Ramgarh district of Jharkhand. The 1st phase will comprise of 3 units of 800 MW and 2nd phase will comprise of 2 units of 800 MW. Jharkhand International Film Festival (JIFF) From 1st February 2019, 2nd Jharkhand International Film Festival (JIFF) was organized by an NGO, Navbharat Nirman Sangh at Ranchi, Jharkhand. The event was concluded on 3rd February 2019. 1. JIFF was organized with an aim to present best Indian and International Films as well as Jharkhand Regional Films. 2. The fest was funded by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting .

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Chapter Jharkhand 9.4 Current Affairs - 2020

January 2020 Ravindra Nath Mahto elected as new Assembly Speaker: Jharkhand Rabindra Nath Mahato was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly on January 7, 2019. Rabindra Nath Mahato's name was proposed for the speaker post by Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren. JMM MLA Champai Soren had supported the proposal during the second day of the three-day assembly session. Important Facts Jharkhand Assembly Polls 2019 1. The JMM-Congress-RJD pre-poll alliance stormed to power in Jharkhand with a win over 47 seats in the 81-member state assembly on December 23, 2019. The BJP’s seat share was reduced to 25, while the JVM won 3 seats, AJSU won 2 and the CPI-ML and NCP won 1 seat each. 2. Ravindra Nath Mahto won from Nala constituency in the Jharkhand Assembly Polls 2019. Mahato was elected for the first time from the same constituency in 2005 but he lost the seat inthe subsequent elections. He won it back in 2014, following it up with his win in 2019. 3. The Jharkhand Assembly Polls 2019 were held in five phases between November 30 and December 20, 2019

Niti Ayog: Latehar in second place in education and nutrition matters Latehar district of Jharkhand has come in second place on the basis of NITI Aayog's ranking of backward districts in January on the criteria of education and nutrition, while Namsai district of Arunachal Pradesh is at the top. For the delta ranking of the Commission, the progress made in six areas of development in 112 backward districts has been made the basis. Discussion on the lifestyle of tribal community in Adi Darshan The three-day international seminar on Adi Darshan started at Adre House in Ranchi. The program started with traditional worship of the tribe community. Pahan worshiped it. The women of the tribal society danced in traditional attire and welcomed the guests. There were four academic sessions on the first day. Tribal philosophy best Governor Draupadi Murmu, described Adi Darshan as the best. It is said that this philosophy is the mother of all subjects. Giving information about the culture of the tribals, the governor said that they

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Jharkhand Current Affairs - 2020 45

Category – X: All States and , barring North Eastern (N.E) States & other Union Territories.

S.No. State Category 1 Gujarat Best Performer 2 Karnataka Top Performer 3 Kerala Top Performer

Category – Y: All N.E states except Assam and all UTs except Delhi Andaman & Nicobar Islands is a Best Performer while Chandigarh as a Leader Vice-President releases ‘The State of Young Child in India’ report On September 04, 2020, Vice President of India, Venkaiah Naidu released the inaugural issue of the report ‘The State of Young Child in India’ virtually. The report provides an account of challenges related to early child development (0-6 years) in India. The report has been prepared by Mobile Creches, a policy advocacy organisation which works with underprivileged children across India. The report has also released the list of Best-performing states and worst-performing states based on the Young Child Outcomes Index. Best-Performing State: State Index score (2015-16) Kerala 0.858 Goa 0.817 Tripura 0.761 Tamil Nadu 0.731 Mizoram 0.719 Worst-Performing State: State Index score (2015-16) Bihar 0.452 Uttar Pradesh 0.46 Jharkhand 0.5 Madhya Pradesh 0.526 Chhattisgarh 0.555 October 2020 , Minister of Jharkhand died at 73 Haji Hussain Ansari, Minister of Minority Welfare of Jharkhand passed away at the age of 73 on October 3, 2020 at Medanta hospital in Ranchi, Jharkhand due to cardiac arrest after recovering from

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications 46 Jharkhand Current Affairs - 2020

COVID-19. He was the senior leader of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) party. He was also the sitting chairman of Haj committee. He is the first and only Muslim to become minister of Jharkhand. He was born in 1947 at Pipra village in Deoghar district, Jharkhand. Important Facts: 1. Haji Hussain Ansari started his political career in 1980s with congress and later joined JMM. 2. He is a 4 time (1995, 2000, 2009 &2019) Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Madhupur assembly constituency, segment in Deoghar as a JMM candidate. In 2004, hewas elected as leader of the opposition. 3. He was named as the Minister for Minority Welfare in October 2010. He was appointed as the Minister of Minority Welfare and Registration department in January 2010. November 2020 “My Stamp on Puja” virtually released by Ravi Shankar Prasad Union Minister of Communications, Ravi Shankar Prasad released a “My Stamp on Chhath Puja”. He also released a Special cover on the theme ‘Chhath – A symbol of Simplicity and Cleanliness’. ‘Chhath Puja’: On Chhath Puja, devotees offer prayers to the God of Light i.e Sun as he is considered the life force that binds the universe and gives energy to all living things. The Chhath Puja for 2020 falls on November 20, 2020. Sarna Code: Jharkhand Assembly passes resolution seeking separate Identity Code for Tribals Jharkhand Assembly unanimously passed a resolution on ‘Sarna Code’ during a special one-day assembly session on November 11, 2020. The resolution seeks inclusion of Sarna as a separate religion in the 2021 census. Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren tabled the proposal in the Jharkhand Assembly. The bill will now be sent to the Central Government for approval. Madhya Pradesh: 'Tribal Pride Day 2020' on November 15 Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Shivraj Singh Chouhan has decided to celebrate the Tribal Pride Day in Madhya Pradesh on 15th November 2020 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Freedom fighter and martyr Birsa Munda. He also stated that starting from 2020 every year the 15th November will be celebrated as Tribal Pride Day. Important Facts: • The Department of Culture and the Tribal Welfare Department organised a program in the Tribal Museum of to commemorate the birth anniversary of Birsa Munda. • He also announced that the name of MP’s Tribal Welfare Department will be changed to Tribal Affairs Department. • Shivraj Singh Chouhan stated that the “Samras hostels” will be established across the state, which will provide accommodation to the children of all the communities. • He also stated that 10% seats in the tribal hostels will be reserved for poor children of other communities. • As a part of the programme, Ranbankure, a short film based on self-esteem of tribal genitals was screened.

Arohi Publications Jharkhand - To The Point Jharkhand Current Affairs - 2020 47

WWF report: 30 Indian cities Will Face ‘Water Risk’ by 2050; Jaipur tops In accordance with the World Wide Fund (WWF) Water Risk Filter, an online tool, co-developed by the WWF for Nature and Germany’s Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft (KFW DEG), nearly a third of the 100 cities in the world susceptible to “water risk” are in India means 30 Indian cities are expected to suffer increased water risks by 2050. The list of Indian cities was topped by Jaipur (Rajasthan) which is followed by (Madhya Pradesh) and (Maharashtra). Among 100 cities, Jaipur ranked 45th and Indore featured at 75th. As per Risk Filter, an urgent action is required to mitigate this risk. On the global front, the cities such as Beijing, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Istanbul, Hong Kong, Mecca and Rio de Janeiro are included in this filter. China accounts for almost half the cities. WII: High Biodiversity in 49% of Wildlife Institute of India (WII) in the second phase of its survey of the entire main stem of Ganga river (Main river without its tributaries) found that 49% of the river has high biodiversity and increased biodiversity sightings. Scientists have stated that this indicated reduction of pollution levels anda healthier state of the river. Important Facts: 1. The study was initiated by WII on behalf of the National Mission for Clean Ganga. 2. This is the first ever study done in India on the entire Ganga river, and first of all its biodiversity. 3. First Phase of the Survey was carried out between 2017-2019. December 2020 Jharkhand’s Farm Loan Waiver Scheme Cabinet of Jharkhand gvernment recently approved a loan waiver up to Rs 50,000 for 9.07 lakh farmers. The cabinet has earmarked Rs 2,000 crores for the purpose. According to the State Government of Jharkhand, there are 12.93 lakh farmers in the state. They have loan dues amounting to Rs 5,800 crores. Jharkhand govt: Unique kitchen gardening scheme picks up pace State's unique kitchen gardening scheme 'Didi Badi Yojana' which aims at ensuring food security, tackling malnutrition and providing a source of livelihood to the rural households is gaining momentum across the state. The scheme was rolled out under MGNREGA and promoted by the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS) in September this year for rural development and to promote kitchen gardening among women across 484 blocks of the state. Jharkhand Cabinet approved Dhoti-Saari scheme The state cabinet approved a proposal to roll out the Sona Sobran Dhoti Saree scheme, which promises one saree and one dhoti (or lungi) to 57.10 lakh families of Jharkhand twice a year at a subsidized price of Rs 10 a piece. The scheme was first introduced under chief minister Hemant Soren in 2014 butwas discontinued by the Raghubar Das government a year later.

Jharkhand - To The Point Arohi Publications Detailed Index

Part - 01. Jharkhand : At a Glance

1.1 Jharkhand : State Symbol...... 01-04  Jharkhand State sysmbols : State animal, State bird, State flower, State Tree  Jharkhand's Emblem 1.2 Jharkhand : At a Glance...... 05-28  Birth of The State  Geography  Climate  Basic Profile  Jharkhand - Minerals  Jharkhand - Industries  Jharkhand - Agriculture & Allied Sector  Jharkhand - Education  Jharkhand - Power (Electricity)  Jharkhand - Transport  Major Dams of Jharkhand  Major River of Jharkhand  Mountains  National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries  Famous Temples  Folk Dances of Jharkhand  Tribes of Jharkhand  Festivals of Jharkhand  Airports in Jharkhand  Stadium in Jharkhan 1.3 Various administrative systems of Jharkhand tribes...... 29-43

Part - 02. Jharkhand : History

2.1 Jharkhand Historical Introduction ...... 01-04  Tribals Entrance into Jharkhand  The asura  Birjia, Birhor and Khariya  Korba / Korva  Munda, Uraon, Ho  Chero, Kharwar, Santhal 2.2 Pre Historic ...... 05-09  Archeology  Important Archeoligical sites of Jharkhand 6 2.3 Ancient History ...... 10-16  Ancient History of Tribes  Historical Period  Ancient Dynasties of Jharkhand  Munda Kingdom  Naga Dynasty of Chotanagpur (Kokra)  Capital of Nagvanshi Dynesty  Raksels Dynasty of Palamu  Singh Dynasty of Singhbum  Other Dynasties  Chero Dynasty of Palamu  Dhal Dynasty of Singhbhum  Khadagdiha State  Panchet State 2.4 Medieval History...... 17-21  Jharkhnad- Entrance of  Gossner mission  Lutheran Church  Anglican mission  The United Free Church of Scotland Mission  Other major facts 2.5 Modern History...... 22-24  Entry of Bristish in Jharkhand  Palamu  Chotanagpur Proper  Hazaribagh  Santhal Pargana 2.6 Tribal Revolts...... 25-37 Dhal Revolt (1767-77), Paharia Revolt (1772-82), Ramgarh Revolt, Tamar Revolt –(1782-1820), Tilka Movement (1783-85), Chuar Revolt-(1798), Chero Movement (1800-1818), Ho Revolt (1820-21), Kol Revolt (1831-32), Bhumij Revolt (1832-33), Santhal Revolt of Santhal Hul (1855- 56), Sardari Movement (1858-95), Safahod Movement (1870), Kharwar Movement (1874), Munda Revolt (1895), Movement of Tana Bhagat, Jatra Bhagat: Brief Introduction, Tana Bhagat Movement : At Glance 2.7 National Movement...... 38-51 1857 Revolt, Revolutionary Terrorist and Jharkhand, Non Cooperation Movement and Jharkhand, Civil Disobedience Movement and Jharkhand, Ramgarh Session of Congress, Quit India Movement and Jharkand, Prominent Leaders of Qim, National Movement and Women in Jharkand, Workers Movement and Jharkand, Arrivals of Christians in Jharkhand, Jharkhand State Building Movement, Christian Students Organization, Chhotanagpur Unnati Samaj, Tribal general assembly, United Jharkhand Party, Jharkhand Party, Birsa Seva Dal, All India Jharkhand Party, Hul Jharkhand Party Sonat Santhal Society, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, All Jharkhand Students Association (AJSU), Jharkhand Coordination Committee, Jharkhand Thematic Committee, Jharkhand People's Party, Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council (JAAC), State Formation - Final Phase, Jharkhand Movement and Formation of Separate State 2.8 Time line of Jharkhand...... 52-57  Jharkhands Chronology of History

7 Part - 03. Jharkhand : Arts and Culture

3.1 Literature and Writer of Jharkhand...... 01-14  Nagpuri (Sadri), Khortha Literature, Panchparganiya Literature, Santhali language, Oraon or Kurukh Literature, Mundari Literature , Ho Literature, Kharia Literature, Hindi Literature and Writers 3.2 Tribes and their Culture...... 15-27 Santhal, Oraon, Munda, HO, Birhors, Kharwars, Kharias, Loharas, Bhumij, Mahli, Korwa, Cheros, Parhaiyas, Birjias, ASUR, Bedias, Gond, Gorait, Karmalis, Chik Baraiks, Kisans, , Savar, Bathudi, Banjara, Mal Pharias, Saurua, Pahariya, Kora, Other Important Facts of Tribes, Tribal Population Of Jharkhand 3.3 Art and Culture...... 28-44 Folk Dances of Jharkhand, Karma Dance, Hunta Dance, Paika Dance, Phagua, Jenana Jhumur, Mardana Jhumar, Chhau Dance, Jitia Karam, Sarpha, Rinjha, Karsa Dance, Langre, Dhongar, Paata, Dasai, Sarhul & Baha, Firkal, Mundari Dance, Barao Dance, Jhitka And Danga, Lahasuya, , Ghora Naach, Seraikela Chhau, Jadur, Natua, Nachni, Santhal, Music, Jharkhand Tribal Music, Musical Instruments, The mandar or, tumdak, Sarangi, , Singa, Various Art Forms of Jharkhand, Jadopatia Painting, Ganju Art, Sohrai Art, Dhokra Art, Kohver Art, Kurmi Art, Turi Art, Ghataral Art, Birhor and Art, Munda Art, Race, Teli And Prajapati Art, Paitkar or Folk Painting Crafts of Jharkhand, Bambo, Wood Craft Toy Making, Metal Work, Stone Carving, Ornaments, Pottery, Gonda Grass Items, Lac Jewellery, Terracotta Items, Paper Mache, Leather Products, Musical Instruments 3.4 Fair and Festivals...... 45-54 Rohin, Tusu Parab or Makar, Bhagta Parab, Karma, Hal Punhya, Bandana, Sohraim, Dansi, Sarhul, Baha, Jani-Shikaar, Chhath Pooja, Deshauwali, Hariyad, , Ramnavami, Basant Panchami, Holi Dussehra, Jityya Bhaiya Dooj, Eid-Ul-Fitr, Eid-Ul-Azha, Muharrum, Kunda Mela In Pratappur (Chatra), Kolhua Mela in (Chatra), Hizla Mela in Dumka, Narsinghsthan Mela in Hazaribagh, Eksee Mahadev Fair, Chatra Mela, Kundri Mela’in Chatra, Kothaiya Meta in Chatra, Meta in Simaria, Lawalong Meta in Chatra Belgada Mela in Simaria, Bhadli Mela in Itkhori, Sangharo Meta in Chatra, Barura Sharif in Pratappur, Rabda Sharif in Pratppur, The Graveyard of Jatrahibagh Sangat in Chatra. 3.5 Tourism...... 55-85 Bhadrakali Temple, Angrabari (Amreshwar Dham), Trikuti Dham, , Basukinath Dham, Mahadev Sal (Saranda), Maa Giri Rajeshwari Temple, Kulbonga Mahadev, Dewri Mandir (Taman), The Sun Temple, Shaktipith Maa Chanchala Devi Temple, Rajrappa Temple, Deoghar, Pahari Mandir, Naulakha Temple, Tanginath, , Hundru Falls, , Panch Ghagh Water Falls, Hirni Falls, Lodh Water Fall, Duari Fall, Bichkiliya Fall, Goa Fall, Moti Jharna, Rajadera & Sadni Fall, Toybo Fall, Usri Fall, Parasnath Hill, Canary Hill, Tagore Hill, Netarhat Hill, Khandoli Hill, Silwar Hill, Dam, , Dimna Lake, Hazaribagh Lake, Ranchi Lake, Jubilee Lake, Rukka (Getalsud) Dam, Khandoli Dam, Hatia Dam, Patratu Dam, , Kanke Dam, Dam, Chandil Dam, Archaeological and Historical Places, Itkhori, Jharkhand Tourism Policy 2015, Objectives, The Broad Policy Objectives are Elaborated as Below, New Schemes taken up during the past year, Eco-tourism destinations in Jharkhand, Eco Tourism, Wild Life Tourism, Herbal Eco-Tourism, Spiritual/Religious Tourism, Rural Tourism, Mining Tourism

8 3.6 Social and Cultural Status...... 86-94 Social Organisation, Evolution of Tribal Social Patterns, Social Features of Major Tribes, Santhal, Oraon Society, Munda, Ho, Sauria and Mal Pahariya, Birhor, Korwas, Kharia, Cultural life of Jharkhand, Some Important terms-related to social organisation

Part - 04. Jharkhand : Geography

4.1 Geography of Jharkhand...... 01-27 Geography and Structure of Jharkhand,Relief and Physiography, The North Koel Basin, The Pats Region, Ranchi Plateau, Hazaribagh Plateau, Lower Chhotanagpur Plateau, Rajmahal Highlands, Porahat Higland, Dhanjori Range, Dalma Range, Simdega Plateau, Kollan Upland, Sarand Hilly Region, Dissected Deoghar Region, Soil of Jharkhand, Climatic Zone of State, North and North- Western Zone, Central Zone, East Santhal Pargana Zone, Ocean Affected Zone, South West Zone, Ranchi-Hazaribagh Zone, Pat Zone, The Main Rivers of Jharkhand, Some of Important Lakes of Jharkhand 4.2 Agriculture, Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects...... 28-43 Jharkhand Have Three Agro Climatic Zones, Land Use Pattern, Land Use in Jharkhand, Agriculture and Allied Sector Production, Crop Production, District wise total yield (average) for cereals, pulses, food grains and oilseeds for the year 2017-18, Major Crops of Jharkhand, Shifting Cultivation, Horticulture, National Horticulture Mission (Jharkhand), Strategy:- Schemes and Initiatives for Agriculture, "Mukhyamantri Krishi Ashirwad Yojana", Irrigation Potential in Jharkhand. Types of Irrigation Projects, Multipurpose Projects, Damodar Valley Project, Additional dam/reservoir, Tenughat Dam, Subarnarekha Project, Mayurakshi Project, North Koel Reservoir Project, Koel- Karo project 4.3 Climate Change...... 44-59 Environmental Protection and Climate Change, Some Facts About Climate Change and its Impact, Climatic Changes And Its Effects, Forest And Climate Change, Research and Development, Capacity Enhancement, Change on Forest Management Approach, Health and Climate Change, Long Term Adaptation Actions, Industry and Climate Change, Green Performance Standards, Supply Chain Management, Diversification, Smart Energy Options, Mining and Climate Change, Various Adaptation Measures, Social & Environmental Compliance 4.4 Forest and Environment...... 60-83 Forest cover in Jharkhand, Forest cover within & outside recorded Forest Area, District wise Forest cover in Jharkhand (2017), Classification of Forests, Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest, Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, Green India Mission, MSP : (Minimum Support Prise), Forest Rights Act. (FRA) 2006, CAMPA : Compersatory Afforestation, NAP : National Afforestation Programme, Mukhyamantri Jan Van Yojna, National Park and Wildlife Sanctuaries, Wildlife Reserves, Ex Situ Conservation of Wildlife, Betla National Park, Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahau Dand Wildlife Sanctuary, Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary, Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary, Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Topchanchi Wildlife SanctuaryHazaribagh Wild Life Sanctuary, Udhuawa Lake Bird Sanctuary, Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Wildlife Reserves, Palamu Tiger Reserve, Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park, Birsa Mrig Vihar, Kalamati, Crocodile Breeding Centre Muta, Conservation of Crocodiles, Vulture Breeding Centre, Ormanjhi, Various Policies and Programmes Initiated by the Government for The Wild Life Conservation, Control Measures, A. Short Term Measures, B. Long Term Messures, National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), Wild Life Crime Control, Jharparks 4.5 Demography of Jharkhand...... 84-94

9 Part - 05. Jharkhand : Miscellaneous

5.1 Polity...... 01-14 Eligibility Criteria, Powers of The Governor, Executive Powers, Legislative Powers, Financial Powers, Judicial Powers, Emergency Powers, The Residence of The Governor, Chief Minister, Term of Office and Retirement Age, Power and Authority of Chief Minister, President’s Rule, Council of Ministers, Powers and Functions of The State Council of Ministers, Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, Legislative Assembly (Unicameral) of Jharkhand, The Powers and Functions of the Legislative Assembly Legislative Powers, Financial Powers, Control Over Executive, Constituent Power Electoral Functions Miscellaneous Functions, Speakers, Speakers of Vidhan Sabha 5.2 Judiciary...... 15-30 Original Jurisdiction, Appellate, Jurisdiction, Supervisory Jurisdiction, The High Court Has The Power, Administrative Jurisdiction, Power to Transfer Cases From Subordinate Courts, A Court of Record, Miscellaneous Powers, Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court, Former Chief Justices of Jharkhand, Panchayati Raj System, Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957), Ashok Mehta Committee (1977), Constitution 73Rd Amendment Bill, PESA, Implementation of Panchayats Extension To Scheduled Area (PESA), Constitution And The Tribals, Local Governance in the Tribal Areas, Panchayati Raj Division, Panchayat Election, New Initiative Undertaken by Government, Yojana Banao Abhiyan, Objective of Yojna Banao Abhiyan, Structure of The Campaign 5.3 District Profile...... 31-50 Brief Description of Important Districts, Ranchi, Dhanbad, Deoghar, Palamu, Hazaribagh, Latehar, Garhwa, Chatra, Koderma, Giridih, Godda, Sahibganj, Pakur, Bokaro, Lohardaga, Ramgarh, Dumka, Jamtara, Khunti, Gumla, Simdega, Purabi Singhbhum, Paschim Singhbhum Saraikela – Kharsawan 5.4 C.N.T. act And S.P.T. Act...... 51-98  Land Rules : At a Glance  Chhotanagpur Territory Act - 1869  Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act – 1908  Santhal Pargana Tenancy (Supplementary Provisions) Act – 1949  Jharkhand Freedom of Religion Act, 2017  The Jharkhand Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other subsidies. Benefits and Senices) Act 2017  Jharkhand Panchayati Raj Act and PESA Act 5.5 Disaster Management...... 99-118 Mining Hazards, Droughts, Floods, Forest Fires, Mine Disaster, Casualty Related to Disasters In 2014-15 In Jharkhand, Loss of Life and Property During 2014-15, State Disaster Management Authority, Jsdma is Responsible for, Emergency Operation Centre (EOC), Objectives of The EOCS, Functions of EOCS, District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Local Authorities, State Police Forces, Fire Services and Home Guards, Civil Defence (CD) And Home Guards, Shri Krishna Institute of Public Administration, Jharkhand Space Applications Centre (JSAC), Jharkhand Agency for Promotion of Information Technology (JAPIT), National Informatics Centre (NIC), Jharkhand State Information & Communication Network (JHARNET), Development of Disaster Management Knowledge Cum Demonstration Centre (SRIJAN), Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi, Mecon Ranchi, Incident Response System (IRS), State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), State Disaster Management Policy, The Objectives of the Policy on Disaster Management Are, State 10 Disaster Management Plan, Objectives of the Disaster Management Plan, The Role of the State Government as Envisaged in the Plan, Preventive Actions Taken by the Government, Long Term Measures Taken/Proposed 5.6 Sports...... 119-137 Jaipal Singh Munda (Hockey), Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Varun Aaron, Saurabh Tiwary, Ashunta Lakra, Sumrai Tete, Deepika Kumari, Mishal Banjamin Lakra - International Boxer, Laxmi Padiva - Lnternatlonal Boxer, Diwakar Prasad - International Boxer, Premlata Agarwal, Few Others Significant Players and Coaches From Jharkhand, Sports Authority of Jharkhand (SAJHA), The Objectives for Which This Sajha has Been Formed are as Follows, National Sports University, Objective of The University., Jharkhand Football Association, Tata Football Academy, Tata Archery Academy, Some of The Major Achievements of Tata Archery Academy, Tata Athletics Academy, Some of The Major Achievements of Tata Athletics Academy, Jsca International Stadium Complex, Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium, Features of Birsa Munda Athletic Stadium, Keenan Stadium, Mohan Kumar Mangalam Stadium, Jrd Tata Sports Complex, Jamshedpur, Some of Tata Steel’s Sports Infrastructure, Facilities in the State,, Other Stadiums in Jharkhand, Grant to Sports Associations, Cash Reward Scheme For Sports Person And Their Coaches, Sports Stipend Scheme, Consultancy Services For Sports, Sports Talent Search Scheme And Sports Training Center, National Service Scheme, Pykka (Panchayat Yuva Khel Kud Abhiya), Sports Welfare Fund / Stipend / Honour, Construction of Sports Hostel at Sports Training Centre, Astroturf Hockey Stadium Maintenance & Electricity Bill, 2011 National Games of India, Sports Awards in Jharkhand, In Each Category, Male and Female are Awarded 5.7 Important Personalities...... 138-150 Siddhu-Kanhu, Bhagirath Manjhi, Birsa Munda, Telanga Kharia, Tilka Manjhi, Jatra Bhagat, Bhudhu Bhagat, Raghubar Das, Raghubar Das, Babu Ram Narain Singh, Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, Ganga Narain, Raghunath Mahato, Rani Sarveshwari, Poto Sardar, K. C. Hembram, Jaipal Singh, Ajit Kumar Rai, Father Kamil Bulke, Theble Oraon, Boniface Lakra, Jayant Singh, Purnima Mahato, Deepika Kumari, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Saurabh Tiwary, Varun Raymond Aaron, Jhanu Hansda, Asunta Lakra, Ishan Kishan, Aruna Mishra, Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Premlata Aggarwal, Mukund Nayak, Jewel Lakra, Albert Ekka, Dr. Ram Dayal Munda, Lalit Mohan Rai, Haren Thakur, , Dr. Gabriel Humrou, Rajkumar Sudhendru Narayan Singh, Priyanka Chopra, Sister Nirmala, Kedarnath Sahzu, Arjun Munda, Other Important Personalities in Jharkhand, Famous Personalities in Jharkhand 5.8 Award and Honours ...... 151-153  Sports and Awards of Jharkhand, Sports Award After State Heroes, Sports Awards, Gallantry Award, Ashok Chakra, Literary Honors, Jharkhand Sewa Ratna Award 5.9 Miscellaneous...... 154-163  Who‘s Who  Governors  Chief Ministers  Chief Justices  Speaker : Jharkhand Assembly  Superlatives In Jharkhand  First in Jharkhand  Important facts  Member of Parliament

11  Other Important Jharkhand State Rules and Acts - Wilkinson's Rules 1837, Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Jharkhand Amendment) Act, 2017, The Bihar Kolhan Civil Justice (Regulation and Validating) Act, 1978, The Kolhan Civil Justice (Regulating and Validating) Act, 1966, The Bihar Scheduled Areas Regulation, 1969.  First in the State

Part - 06. Jharkhand : Economy

6.1 Education...... 01-20 Elementary Education in Jharkhand., Various State Government Schemes in Elementary Education, Mukhyamantri Vidyalakshmi Yojana (MVY), Jharkhand Balika Awasiya Vidyalaya (JBAV) Yojna, Capacity Enhancement of Kgbvs, Free Distribution of School Kit to Children, Secondary Education in Jharkhand, Jharkhand Academic Council (JAC), Jharkhans Education Project Council (JEPC) Vocational Education, Strengthening of B.ed Colleges, Grant –In- Aid, Scholarship For Students of Rimc, Merit- Cum- Poverty Scholarship, Grant in Aid For Vidyalayas, Providing – On – Line Education, Distribution of Free Cycles to Girls of Govt School, Free Distribution of School Uniform and Text Books, Establishing New District Libraries, Teacher Reward, Central Government Schemes For School Education, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya, Mid- Day Meal Scheme (MDMS), Right to Education Act, The Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, Inclusive Education of The Disabled at Secondary Stage (IEDSS), National Means – Cum – Merit Scholarship Scheme, National Scheme of Incentite to Girls For Secondary Education (NSIGSE), Implementation of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) System., Higher Education in Jharkhand, Central University of Jharkhand (Ranchi), ,The Birsa Agricultural University (Ranchi), National University Of Study And Research In Law (NUSRL Ranchi, Vinoba Bhave University, Sido Kanhu University, Kolhan university, Nilamber- Pitabmer University, Jharkhand State Board of Technical Education, Department of Science & Technology, Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), 6.2 Health...... 21-33 Annual Health Plan of Jharkhand 2015-16, On Going And The Planned Schemes of The State, National Health Mission, Janani Suraksha Yojna, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram, Mission Indradhanush, Newborn Care, Family Planninig, Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK), Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, and Homeopathy (AYUSH), Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLED), National Blindness Control Programme (NBCP), National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabeties, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPCDCS), Elimination of Kala-Azar, Acute Encephalitic Syndrome/Japanese Encephalitic (AES/JE), National Aids Control Programme (NACP), Kayakalp, Health Care Through Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY), Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Patliputra Medical College, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Health care sector in Jharkhand, Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi, Ayushman Bharat Yojna. 6.3 Energy...... 34-45 Geography and Structure of Jharkhand, Undertakings of the department of energy in jharkhand, Power Generation Capacity, Share of Distribution Utilities (MU SOLD, Key Players In Power Sector In The State, Generation, Patratu Thermal Power Station, Sikidiri Hydro Plant, Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Limited, Bokaro Power Supply Corporation, Damodar Valley Corporation, Maithon

12 Power Limited (JV of Tata Power & DVC), Tata Power Limited, Transmission System, Intra State Transmission Systems, "New Energy Projects in Jharkhand, Rural Electrification, Saubhagya Scheme in Jharkhand, Renewable Energy, Solar Power, Jharkhand State Solar Power Policy 2015, Power Procution in Jharkhand 6.4 Industries of Jharkhand...... 46-70 Types of Industries in Jharhand, Large Scale Industries of Jharkhand, Important Iron and Steel Plants of State Tisco (Tata Steel), Bokaro Steel Plant, Aluminium Industry, Copper Industry, Engineering Industry, Cement Industry, Chemical and Exposive Industry, Explosive Industry, Refractory Industries, Mica Industry, Coal Washeries, Glass Industry, Small Scale Industry, Lac and Shellac Industries, Tabacco Industries, Forest Based Industries, Horticulture Industries, Stone Industries, Handlooms, Khadi, Mills, Wooden Industries, Industrial Region of Jharkhand, Industrial Area Development Authorities, Jharkhand industrial area development Authority, JIADA’s work, Main objectives of JIADA, Jharkhand Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy 2016, Jharkhand Launches “Ease of Doing Business”, Jharkhand Export Policy 2015, Momentum Jharkhand, New investment in Jharkhand steel industry 6.5 Minerals of Jharkhand...... 71-81 The Minerals of Jharkhand Can Be Classified Into Three Groups, Metallic Minerals, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese, Chromite, Tungsten, Vanadium, Gold, Silver, Tin, Lead, Non Metallic Minerals Mica, Dolomite and Limestone, Kyanite, Abestos, Fire Clay, China Clay, Graphite, Coal, Jharia Coal Region, Bokaro Coal Region, Karanpura Coal Region, Ramgarh Coal Region, Giridih Coal Region, Auranga, Daltonganj and Hutar Coal Area, Rajmahal Coal Region, Uranium, Thorium, Leminite, Jharkhand, Mineral (Policy), 2006, Institution In Jharkhand, Indian School of Mines, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Indian Institute of Coal Management, Metallurgical and Engineering Consultant’ Ltd. (MECON), Central Mining Planning and Design Institute Ltd. (CMPDI), Indian Bureau Mines, Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS), Limited (B.C.C.L) 6.6 Transportation...... 82-97 Road Density, National Highways, List of National Highway in Jharkhand, State Highways Authority of Jharkhand (SHAJ), Jharkhand Accelerated Road, Development Plan (JARDP), Railways, Special Purpose Vehicle (S. P. V.), Air Cargo Complex, Heavy Motor Vehicle Driver Training Institute and Skill Development Programme, Rural Bus Services, Superfast AC Deluxe Bus Service Road Safety, Improvements in the Auto Services, Equipments For Enforcement of Traffic Rules and Act 6.7 Planning and Schemes...... 98-114 Schemes Related to Education, Schemes Related to Health, Related to Sports, Schemes Related to Agriculture & Rural Development, Schemes Related to Industries Development, Schemes Related to Tribal welfare, Schemes Related to Poverty Eradication, Schemes Related to Women Welfare, Schemes Related to Environment, Other Important Schemes and Programs 6.8 Economy...... 115-125 A Decomposition of Jharkhand's Growth Story, Sectoral Growth rate on Y-o-Y in 2017-18 and 2018-19, Sectoral Shares in GSDP, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Sector, Industry, Tertiary/ Service Sector, Inflation in Jharkhand, Progress in the Other Developmental Indicators, Super Specialty Hospital for res iratory disease at Itki (Ranchi), Percentage of Population living in Multidimensional Poserty, Inter District Disparity in the Incidence of Multidimensional Poverty, Electronic Manufacturing cluster (EMC), Recommendations of the 14th Finance commission and action taken by the Jharkhand, The Fourteenth Finance Commission and Finances of Jharkhand 13 Part - 07. JPSC Prelims & Other Exams Solved

7.1 Jharkhand Exams Solved...... 01-44 First Combined Civil Services Prelims, Competitive Examination - 2003, Third Combined Civil Service Prelims, Competitive Examination- 2008, Market Supervisor competitive, examination – 2007, First Limited Administrative Competitive, Examination- 2006, Government High School Teacher, Appointment Exam- 2009, JPSC Subsidiary, Examination- 2007, Primary Teacher Appointment, Examination- 2008, Fourth Combined Civil Service (Prelims), Competitive Examination- 2010, Jharkhand Joint Secretariat Assistant, Exam- 2012, Jharkhand Limited Departmental, Examination- 2012, State High School Teacher Appointment, Examination 29-08-2012, Jharkhand Joint Secretariat Assistant (Mains), Examination 16-12-2012, Fifth Combined Civil Service Prelims, Competitive Exam 15-12- 2013, Jharkhand Staff Selection Commission organized Women Supervisor, competitive Examination- 2014, Jharkhand Forest Guard Appointment Competitive (Prelims), Examination 24-05-015, JSSC Assistant Competitive, Examination 28-06-2015, JSSC Excise Inspector/Assistant Excise Inspector Competitive (Prelims), Examination 18- 10-2015, Jharkhand Secretariat Lower Division Clerk (Prelims), Examination 17-01-2016, Jharkhand Police Competitive, Examination 30-01-2016, JSSC Kakshpal Competitive (Prelims), Examination 20-03-2016, Jharkhand Forest guard appointment (Mains), Competitive Examination 16-05-2016, Kakshpal appointment (Mains), Competitive Examination 10-07 2016, Combined Graduation Standard Competitive (Prelims), Examinations 21-08-2016, Questions asked in paper-I of Prelims, of Jharkhand Public Service Commission on 18/12/2016 Questions asked in paper-II of Prelims, of Jharkhand Public Service Commission on 18/12/2016, J.S.S.C Amin Civil Resional Investigator Exam 08/01/2017, JUVNL Office Assistent Exam 10/03/2017, J.S.S.C. - Post Graduate Exam 19/02/2017, J.S.S.C. - Jharkhand Excise Constable Exam 04/08/2019 7.2 Multiple Choice Question...... 45-55

Part - 08. 1000 Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams

01. 1000 Most Important One Liners for Jharkhand Exams...... 01-35

Part - 09. Jharkhand : Current Affiars

9.1 Budget - 2019-20...... 01-09  Background  2019-20 Jharkhand Budget Highlights\  Other major announcements of Jharkhand budget 2019-20  Budget At a Glance 9.2 Budget - 2020-21...... 10-24  Background  2020-21 Jharkhand Budget Highlights\  Other major announcements of Jharkhand budget 2019-20  Budget At a Glance 9.3 Current Affairs : Major Events - 2019...... 25-30 03. Current Affairs : Major Events - 2020...... 31-47

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