digestivedigestive glandgland

刘佳梅 Components digestive glands found in the wall of digestive tract accessory digestive glands: salivary glands Salivary glands * Parotid * Submandibular G. * Sublingual G. Three types of acini * serous * mucous * seromucous Function: * moistening food * carbohydrate digestion * Secrete IgA * Parotid * Submandibular G. * Sublingual G. Pancreas capsule exocrine portion endocrine portion 1.1. ExocrineExocrine PortionPortion acinusacinus：：serousserous cellscells LM:LM: EM:EM: Function:Function: centroacinarcentroacinar cellscells ductsducts:: intercalated ducts intralobular ducts interlobular ducts main duct function:function: 2.2. EndocrineEndocrine PortionPortion 2.12.1 PancreasPancreas IsletsIslets arrangedarranged cellcell groups,groups, abundantabundant fenestratedfenestrated capillariescapillaries betweenbetween thethe cellcell groupsgroups AA cellscells：：glucagonglucagon BB cellscells：：insulininsulin DD cellscells：：somatostatinsomatostatin PPPP cellscells：：pancreaticpancreatic polypeptidepolypeptide

DD1 cells:cells: VIPVIP CC cells:cells: undiferentiationundiferentiation cellscells

Liver CT of capsule hepatic lobules portal area HepaticHepatic LobulesLobules centralcentral veinvein hepatichepatic platesplates (( hepatichepatic cordcord )) hepatichepatic sinusoidsinusoid perisinusoidualperisinusoidual spacespace bilebile canaliculicanaliculi 1.1. hepatocyteshepatocytes LM:LM: polyhedralpolyhedral cells,cells, eosinophiliceosinophilic cytoplasmcytoplasm nuclearnuclear oror doubledouble nucleusnucleus EMEM:: mitochondria,mitochondria, SER,SER, RER,RER, GolgiGolgi complex,complex, lysosomelysosome,, microbodymicrobody,, inclusioninclusion Mitochondria:Mitochondria: supplysupply energyenergy toto cellscells RER:RER: bloodblood albumin,albumin, fibrinogenfibrinogen lipoproteinlipoprotein andand transferrintransferrin SERSER：：synthesizingsynthesizing andand secretingsecreting bile,bile, metabolismmetabolism ofof lipidslipids andand hormoneshormones andand detoxifcationdetoxifcation GolgiGolgi complex:complex: LysosomeLysosome:: MicrobodyMicrobody:: oxidationoxidation enzymesenzymes inin it,it,

HH2OO2→→HH2OO ++ OO2

Inclusion:Inclusion: glycogen,glycogen, lipidslipids andand pigmentpigment Three types of functional surface in

* Perisinusoidal surface: face to

* bile canalicular surface: face into the

*cell junction surface

Interlobule A.&V. 2.2. HepaticHepatic SinusoidSinusoid betweenbetween hepatichepatic platesplates fenestratedfenestrated endotheliumendothelium macrophagesmacrophages largelarge granulesgranules cellscells 3.perisinusoidal space

the -storing cells : 4.4. BileBile CanaliculusCanaliculus 22 hepatocyteshepatocytes abut,abut, theythey delimitdelimit aa tubulartubular spacespace betweenbetween themthem knownknown asas bilebile canaliculuscanaliculus inin whichwhich havehave aa smallsmall numbernumber ofof microvillimicrovilli.. TheThe cellcell membranesmembranes nearnear thesethese canaliculicanaliculi areare firmlyfirmly boundbound byby tighttight junction,junction, mesodesomesmesodesomes andand gapgap junction.junction.

PortalPortal AreaArea interlobularinterlobular veinvein：： interlobularinterlobular artery:artery: interlobularinterlobular bilebile ductduct：：

HepaticHepatic BloodBlood SupplySupply

Portal V→ interlobular V →→ (75%) sinusoids Hepatic A→interlobular A →→ (25%)

hepatic V sublobular V central V

Inferior vena cava BiliaryBiliary PassagesPassages

Bile canaliculi →periperal bile ductules ( Hering’s ) interlobular

Left & right hepatic ducts

Common hepatic duct

Common bile duct Gall bladder Duodenum papilla serous acinar cells in EM Pancreas Islets

图15 小鼠肝细胞与肝巨噬细胞（台盼蓝注射）