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Soils of the Comfort Cove Area, Newfoundland

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Soils of the Comfort Cove Area, Newfoundland Government of Newfoundland and Labrado r Department of Forestry and Agriculture Soils of the Comfort Cove Area, Newfoundland Report No . 15 Newfoundland Soil Survey 1992 SOIL and LAND MANAGEMENT DIVISION Soils of the Comfort Cove Area, Newfoundland Report No. 1 5 Soil and Land Management Divisio n J.W. van de Hulst Soil and Land Management Division Department of Forestry and Agriculture St. John's, Newfoundlan d AGRICULTURE BRANCH Dept. of Forestry and Agricultur e 1992 Copies of this publication are available from : Soil and Land Management Divisio n Department of Forestry and Agriculture Provincial Agriculture Building P.O. Box 8700 Brookfield Road St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 4J6 C O N T E N TS PART ONE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ix SUMMARY x ABSTRACT xi i INTRODUCTION 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 3 Location and extent 3 History and development 3 Climate 5 Topography and drainage 9 Geology and parent materials of the soils 9 Vegetation 1 2 SOIL DEVELOPMENT, CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING 1 5 Soil formation 1 5 Soil development and classification 1 6 Mapping procedure 2 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE MAP UNITS 2 3 Barry's Pond map unit 2 3 Chapel Cove map unit 24 Chapel Cove-Loon Point map unit 2 5 Comfort Cove map unit 2 6 Comfort Head map unit 2 7 Crow Cliff map unit 3 1 Dead Wolf Pond map unit 32 Evans Point map unit . 3 3 Indian Cove map unit 3 3 Indian Neck map unit 3 4 Michael's Harbour map unit 3 5 Mint Pond map unit 3 6 Net Cove map unit 3 7 Net Cove Head map unit 3 8 New Bay map unit 3 9 Newstead Harbour map unit 40 Red Cliff Pond map unit 4 1 Turtle Creek Pond map unit 4 2 Turtle Creek-Wiseman Head map unit 4 3 Wiseman Head map unit 4 5 Wiseman Heat-Turtle Creek Pond map unit 4 6 i PART TWO PAGE INTERPRETATION OF MAP UNITS FOR VARIOUS USES 53 Suitability rating system of map units for farmland , 53 woodland, recreation and source of material Use of the soil suitability tables 54 Limitations of the soil suitability interpretations 54 Soil suitability for farmland 54 Soil suitability for septic tank absorption fields 70 Soil suitability for manure and food processing waste 70 application 74 Soil suitability for tent and trailer parks and picni c 74 area Soil suitability for woodland uses 7 4 Access road construction 7 8 Equipment use 7 8 Windthrow hazard 7 8 Soil susceptability to erosion and frost action 86 Soil susceptibility to erosion 86 Soil susceptibility to frost action 9 1 Soil suitability rating system of organic soil map units 9 1 for agriculture and mining 9 1 Development difficulty of organic soils 93 Soil suitability of organic soils for agriculture , 98 horticulture and fuel peat i i PART TWO PAGE SOIL PROFILES - DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSES 10 7 Explanation of terms used in the description of soil profiles 106 Explanation of the chemical and physical soil analyses 10 7 Soil profiles - Barry's Pond soil 12 5 Chapel Cove soil 12 8 Comfort Cove soil 13 7 Comfort Head soil 140 Crow Cliff soil 143 Dead Wolf Pond organic soil 146 Evans Point soil 148 Indian Cove soil 15 1 Indian Neck soil 154 Loon Point soil 15 7 Michael's Harbour organic soil 16 0 Mint Pond organic soil 16 3 Net Cove soil 16 6 New Bay soil 168 Newstead Harbour soil 17 1 Red Cliff Pond organic soil 17 3 Turtle Creek soil 17 6 Turtle Creek Pond organic soil 17 9 Wiseman Head organic soil 18 5 REFERENCES 18 9 COMMON AND BOTANICAL NAMES OF TREES, SHRUBS AND PLANTS 19 1 iii LIST OF TABLES PAGE 1 . Average monthly temperatures, total precipitatio n 6 and snowfall for Comfort Cove . 2 . Wind direction and average windspeed at Comfor t 8 Cove Decca Station (1955-1965) . 3 . Classification of the soils of the Comfort Cov e 1 7 Peninsula . 4 . Areas of the mapunits and percentages of the tota l 2 2 land area . 5 . Soil factors affecting various uses of minera l 5 5 soils . 6 . Degrees of soil suitability for forage crops . 5 9 7 . Suitability of map units for forage crops . 60 8 . Degrees of soil suitability for potatoes . 6 1 9 . Suitability of map units for potatoes . 62 10 . Degrees of soil suitability for cole crops . 6 3 11 . Suitability of map units for carrots and parsnip . 64 12 . Degrees of soil suitability for carrots an d 6 5 parsnip . 13 . Suitability of map units for carrots and parsnip . 66 14 . Degrees of soil suitability for turnips and 6 7 rutabagas . 15 . Suitability of map units for turnips and rutabagas . 68 16 . Summary table of soil suitability for farmland 69 development . 17 . Degrees of soil suitability for septic tan k 7 1 fields . 18 . Suitability of map units for septic tank absorptio n 7 2 fields . 19 . Degrees of soil suitability for manure and food 73 processing waste application . iv LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED) PAGE 20 . Suitability of map units for manure and foo d 7 5 processing waste application . 21 . Degrees of soil suitabillity for tent and traile r 7 6 parks and picnic areas . 22 . Suitability of map units for tent and traile r 7 7 parks and picnic areas . 23 . Degrees of soil suitability for construction o f 7 9 access roads . 24 . Suitability of map units for access roa d 8 0 construction . 25 . Degrees of soil suitability for equipment use . 8 1 26 . Suitability of map units for equipment use . 82 27 . Degrees of soil susceptibility to windthrow . 83 28 . Soil susceptibility of map units to windthrow . 84 29 . Summary table of soil suitability for septi c 85 tanks, waste application, recreation an d woodland uses . 30 . K-factors for selected soil profiles . 88 31 . Degrees of soil susceptibility to frost action . 8 9 32 . Soil susceptibility of map units to erosio n 90 and frost action . 33 . Soil properties and land form characteristic s 9 2 affecting development and various uses o f organic soils . 34 . Degrees of development difficulty of organi c 94 soils . 35 . Development difficulty of organic soil ma p 9 5 units . 36 . Degrees of soil suitability for agriculture fo r 9 6 organic soils . 37 . Suitability of organic soil maps units for 97 agriculture . v LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED) PAGE 38 . Degrees of soil suitability for horticulture 10 1 for organic soils . 39 . Suitability of organic soil map units for 102 horticultural peat . 40 . Degrees of soil suitability for fuel peat for 103 organic soils . 41 . Suitability of organic soil map units for fuel 104 peat . 42 . Summary table of suitability of organic soil map 10 5 units for agriculture and mining . 43 . Engineering particle size classes for selected soil 18 8 profiles . vi LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 1 . Outline map of Newfoundland showing the location 2 of the Comfort Cove Peninsula . 2. General map of the area covered by the survey . 4 3 . Topography and drainage of the Comfort Cove 1 0 Peninsula . 4. Bedrock geology of the Comfort Cove Peninsula . 1 1 5. Vegetation types of the Comfort Cove Peninsula . 1 4 6. Distribution of examined soil profiles . 2 1 7 . Soil profile of an Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol , 2 9 Comfort Cove soil (80-0025) . 8 . Soil profile of an Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol , 2 9 Comfort Head soil (80-0026) . 9 . Soil profile of an Ortstein Humo-Ferric Podzol , 2 9 Indian Neck soil (83-0004) . 10 . Soil profile of an Orthic Gleysol, Loon Poin t 2 9 soil (83-0002) . 11 . Aerial view of the Turtle Creek-Wiseman Head map 3 0 unit, dissected by a stream fen (Mint Pond ma p unit) and with a sloping bog (Dead Wolf Pon d map unit) in the right hand corner . 12 . Soil profile of a Typic Folisol, Wiseman Head 3 0 soil (83-0003) . 13 . Vegetation of a coniferious, horizontal fen, 3 0 Turtle Creek Pond map unit . 14 . Ground cover of a low shrub, domed bog, Dead 30 Wolf Pond map unit . 15 . Location of cross-sections showing soil- 4 8 landscape relationships of map units . 16 . Soil-landscape relationships of map units along 49 cross-section #1 . 17 . Soil-landscape relationships of map units along 50 cross-section #2 . vii LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 18 . Soil-landscape relationships of map units along 5 1 cross-section #3 . 19 . Soil-landscape relationships of map units along 5 2 cross-section #4 . 20. Erosion potential of soil . 8 7 21 . A diagram showing the ranges in percentages of 11 2 sand, silt and clay in the soil textural classes . viii ACKNOWLEDGEMEN T This survey was jointly funded by the Government of Canada, Departmen t of Regional, Economic Expansion and the Government of Newfoundland an d Labrador, Department of Rural, Agricultural and Northern Development . The field work was carried out by the author, with the assistance o f W . Williams, J . Whalen and R . St . Croix. The author wishes to express his appreciation to the soil surve y staff of the Soil and Land Management Division, Department of Rural , Agricultural and Northern Development for support and useful discussions , and in particular to R. Ricketts for reviewing part of the manuscript . Thanks go to the following persons of the Soil and Land Managemen t Division, Department of Rural, Agricultural and Northern Development : Mrs . D . Blackmore, who typed the manuscript ; A . Webber and B . Fardy, for drafting the manscript soil map and report figures ; R.
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