Eating Disorders UNIT 1 NOTES WHAT ARE EATING DISORDERS?

• An eating disorder is when a person experiences severe disturbances in eating behavior • An extreme reduction of food intake • Overeating • Feelings of intense distress or concern about body weight or shape. LADY GAGA

• In 2012, Lady Gaga revealed on her site Little Monsters that she’s struggled with anorexia and bulimia since the age of 15. She posted about her cycles of weight gain and loss and shared photos. She continues to encourage anyone struggling with body image, saying, “It’s really hard, but ... you’ve got to talk to somebody about it.” CAMILA MENDES

• The Riverdale star talked to SHAPE about struggling with bulimia when she was in high school, college and starting out in Hollywood. “I was so scared of carbs that I wouldn’t let myself eat bread or rice ever. I’d go a week without eating them, then I would binge on them, and that would make me want to purge,”

• Mendes worked with a therapist and a nutritionist to address her disordered eating, and is now open about her experiences with her social media following. MATT MCGORRY

• “As a bodybuilder, I was required to have a very specific aesthetic, one that was far beyond my normal, healthy abilities to maintain. Feeling constantly pressured to look like that ‘ideal’ eventually changes your perception of your own body. And it definitely changes what you can be happy and satisfied with. When I was training for those competitions, I was miserable…And yet, when I stopped competing, I couldn’t help but separate my misery from what I looked like,” he said. SADIE ROBERTSON

• “I struggled with an eating problem connected to a negative body image,” Robertson said, adding that she kept the disorder from everyone in her life including her mother. “It was dark. It was ugly. It was insanely difficult. It was done in secret. It was hidden. … My self- worth was demolished, and I began to lose sight of my true identity.” ZAYN MALIK

• “Something I’ve never talked about in public before, but which I have come to terms with since leaving the band, is that I was suffering from an eating disorder,” he wrote. “It wasn’t as though I had any concerns about my weight or anything like that, I’d just go for days — sometimes two or three days straight — without eating anything at all. It got quite serious, although at the time I didn’t recognize it for what it was.” DEMI LOVATO

• "I'd be lying if I said there weren't days where I just want to stay in bed all day because I'm ashamed of my body," she told PEOPLE shortly after leaving the facility. "It's a struggle I'll probably have to deal with for the rest of my life. But I have so much life to live; I don't want to waste it." EATING DISORDERS

• A person with an eating disorder • People with eating disorders are may have started out just eating usually SECRETIVE about their smaller or larger amounts of food eating, purging or lack of eating. than usual. • But at some point • the urge to eat less • Or More • Spirals out of control. Eating Disorders

▶Binge Eating– episodes of intense intake of food, without purging.

▶Anorexia– refusal to maintain a normal body weight, self-starvation, disturbed body weight perception

▶Bulimia– episodes of binge eating combined with a fear of becoming fat followed by self-induced vomiting (purging) Warning Signs ▶ Anorexia ▶ Bulimia ▶ Refusal to maintain normal weight ▶ Intense fear of gaining weight ▶ Excessive eating ▶ Dramatic weight loss ▶ Frequent bathroom visits after eating ▶ Talking about body ▶ Uncomfortable during meals weight/anxiety ▶ Sore throat ▶ Loss of menstruation ▶ Using Laxatives ▶ Denial of hunger ▶ Fasting ▶ Excuses to avoid meals ▶ Sore knuckles ▶ Thinning hair ▶ Depression ▶ Brittle nails ▶ Fainting ▶ Cramps, Bloating ▶ Cavities, tooth decay ▶ Cold hands/feet ▶ Excessive exercise regimens ▶ Excessive exercise regimens ▶ Dark circles under eyes ▶ Withdrawal from friends/activities ▶ Abdominal pain ▶ Lanugo - hair all over body ▶ Evidence of laxatives WHAT CAUSES AN EATING DISORDER

• It is unclear but is likely related to the interaction of numerous factors • Psychological • Biological • Family • Environmental • Decreased self-esteem or self-control because of pre-disposing factors and use dieting or weight loss to gain a sense of control. • The media projects unrealistic images of “ideal” bodies in magazines and on television, and encourages women to try and achieve this ideal. Risk Factors/Health CONSEQUENCES

▶Anorexia ▶Bulimia ▶Abnormally slow HR-> heart ▶Electrolyte/chemical failure imbalances… ▶Reduction of bone density ▶Irregular heart beat -> failure -> osteoporosis ▶Dehydration - loss of ▶Dehydration –> kidney potassium, sodium & chloride failure ▶Possible gastric/esophagus ▶Muscle loss/weakness rupture ▶Dry skin, hair loss ▶Inflammation and rupture to the esophagus ▶Fainting, fatigue, weakness ▶Ulcers ▶Lanugo ▶Pancreatitis ▶Chronic irregular bowel movements/constipation BINGE EATING HEALTH CONSEQUENCES

• High blood pressure • High cholesterol levels • Heart disease • Type 11 diabetes • Gallbladder disease TREATMENT

• Therapy • Eating disorders are very difficult to • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy treat • Only 50 percent of patients with anorexia good outcome. • 30 percent of patients with bulimia • https://www.nationaleatingdisorder nervosa continue to engage in s.org/treatment binging and purging behaviors after 10 years of follow-up. • Young women with anorexia nervosa are 10 times more likely to die from complications of their eating disorder, or from suicide. The Facts ▶In the US, 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life ▶A review of nearly 50 years of research confirms that anorexia has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder ▶ Purging is not always used to lose weight. It is sometimes used as punishment or for control ▶ Over one-half of teenage girls and nearly one-third of teenage boys use unhealthy weight control behaviors such as skipping meals, fasting, smoking cigarettes, vomiting, and taking laxatives. ▶ 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to be thinner ▶ 81% of 10 year old's are afraid of being fat. ▶ 46% of 9-11 year-olds are “sometimes” or “very often” on diets HOW TO HELP

1. Pick a good time. • What NOT to Do 2. Explain why you’re concerned • Avoid ultimatums 3. Be prepared for denial and • Avoid commenting on appearance resistance. or weight 4. Ask if the person has reasons for • Avoid shaming and blaming wanting to change. • Avoid giving simple solutions 5. Be patient and supportive 6. Encourage them to get help HOMEWORK

▶ Write a message or scenario dialogue • EXAMPLE with you and a friend who you believe has an eating disorder. (Choose • Me: Hey Tracy now that we are anorexia or bulimia) done with practice and have the rest of the day off can we go to my ▶ Must include: house and chat ▶ The 6 ways to help • Tracy-Sure ▶ Why you think they have it (at least 3 symptoms) • Me: I have noticed lately that you have lost a lot of weight, avoid ▶ How it may harm them (at least 3 health risks) meals,,, etc • Tracy- I’m not sure I know what you

▶ DUE BY NEXT CLASS- 15pt Assignment mean

▶Great opportunity to get Hoernig Hundos • Me: …… ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What are 3 risk factors of Bulimia

▶Electrolyte/chemical imbalances… ▶Irregular heart beat -> failure ▶Dehydration - loss of potassium, sodium & chloride ▶Possible gastric/esophagus rupture ▶Inflammation and rupture to the esophagus ▶Ulcers ▶Pancreatitis ▶Chronic irregular bowel movements/constipation