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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,759,048 B2 Hagen (45) Date of Patent: Jun USOO8759.048B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,759,048 B2 Hagen (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 24, 2014 (54) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ETHANOL FROMAQUATIC PLANTS EP O64545.6 A1 3, 1995 WO WO2007101 172 A2 9, 2007 (75) Inventor: Tony A. Hagen, Sioux Falls, SD (US) WO WO2008O3.9450 A2 4/2008 WO WO2O08047113 A2 4/2008 (73) Assignee: Aquatech Bioenergy LLC, Sioux Falls, OTHER PUBLICATIONS SD (US) International Search Report issued in PCT/US2010/058174, mailed mailed Aug. 30, 2011, 14 pages. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Janssen, Marcel et al., “Scale-up aspects of photobioreactors: effects patent is extended or adjusted under 35 of mixing-induced light? dark cycles'. Journal of Applied Phycology, U.S.C. 154(b) by 615 days. 2000, vol. 12, pp. 225-237. Miura, Y. et al., “Stimulation of hydrogen production in Algal Cells Grown Under High C(2 Concentration and Low Temperature'. (21) Appl. No.: 12/940,491 Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, copyright 1993, vol. 39/40, pp. 753-761. (22) Filed: Nov. 5, 2010 Li, Y et al. "Oxygen enhances the recovery of Potamogeton maackianus from prolonged exposure to very low irradiance'. Aquatic Botany 86 (2007) 295-299. (65) Prior Publication Data International Search Report issued in PCT/US2010/033335, mailed US 2011 FOO864OO A1 Apr. 14, 2011 Dec. 17, 2010. Summers, J.E., “Anoxia tolerance in the aquatic monocot Potamogeton pectinatus: absence of oxygen stimulates elongation in association with an usually large Pasteur effect.” Journal of Experi Related U.S. Application Data mental Botany, vol. 51, No. 349, pp. 1413-1422, Aug. 2000. International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/ (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/730,213, 2012/056261, dated Mar. 28, 2013, 11 pages. filed on Mar. 23, 2010, now abandoned, which is a European Search Report issued in EP Application No. 10772632, continuation-in-part of application No. 12/628,601, completed October 11, 2012, 8 pages. Luo, Dexinet al., “Life Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions filed on Dec. 1, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part for an Ethanol Production Process Based on Blue-Green Algae'. of application No. 12/437,333, filed on May 7, 2009, Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 44, No. 22, Nov. 2010, now Pat. No. 8,143,041. pp. 8670-8677, XP002684.824, ISSN: 0013-936X. Saygideger, Saadet Demirors et al., “Effect of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on growth, protein and cholorphyll-a (51) Int. C. content of Chlorella vulgarisand Spirulina platensiscells”, Journal of CI2N5/00 (2006.01) Environmental Biology, vol. 29, No. 2, Mar. 2008, pp. 175-178. CI2N 5/02 (2006.01) Summers, Jacky E. et al., “Anoxia tolerance in the aquatic monocot CI2P 7/06 (2006.01) Potamogeton pectinatus: Absence of oxygen stimulates elongation in (52) U.S. C. association with an unusually large Pasteur effect”. Journal of USPC ........................................... 435/161; 435/410 Experimental Botany, vol. 51, No. 349, Aug. 2000, pp. 1413-1422. Ueno, Yoshiyuki et al., “Ethanol Production by Dark Fermentation in (58) Field of Classification Search the Marine Green Alga, Chlorococcum littorale'. Journal of Fermen None tation and Bioengineering, vol. 86, No. 1, 38-43, 1998. See application file for complete search history. Written Opinion issued in PCT/US2010/033335, mailed Dec. 17, 2010, 4 pages. Mishima, D. et al., Ethanol production from candidate energy crops: (56) References Cited Water hyacinth (Eichmornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS stratiotesL.) Bioresource Technology 99:2495-2500, 2007. 4,062,146 A 12, 1977 Grossman et al. (Continued) 4.324,068 A 4, 1982 Anthony Primary Examiner – Debbie K Ware 4,532,210 A 7, 1985 Miura et al. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Faegre Baker Daniels LLP 4,557.310 A 12, 1985 Castellaw et al. 6,395,521 B1 5, 2002 Miura (57) ABSTRACT 7,135.308 B1 11, 2006 Bush et al. 8,143,041 B2 3/2012 Hagen Methods and systems for collecting, purifying, and/or 2003, OO24874 A1 2, 2003 Wallace extracting ethanol produced during anaerobic metabolism by 2005/006 1737 A1 3, 2005 Linden et al. aquatic plants is provided. The system includes a cell con 2007.0062105 A1 3, 2007 Stevens taining water and an aquatic plant, an ethanol extraction 2008. O153080 A1 6, 2008 Woods et al. 2008. O176304 A1 T/2008 Lee assembly in fluid communication with the cell for removing 2010/0285551 A1 11, 2010 Hagen ethanol from the water. Ethanol is released by the aquatic 2010/0285.554 A1 11, 2010 Hagen plant by initiating an anaerobic process in the plant such as by 2011/0045561 A1 2, 2011 Hagen regulating the photosynthesis inducing light that reaches the 2011/0086401 A1 4, 2011 Hagen aquatic plant. 2011 OO86419 A1 4, 2011 Hagen 2013,0071902 A1 3/2013 Hagen et al. 10 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets US 8,759,048 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited Kennedy, Thomas L., “The Effects of Nitrate Loading on the Invasive Macrophyte Hydrilla Verticillataand Two Common, Native OTHER PUBLICATIONS Macrophytes in Florida.” Aquatic Botany 91 (2009) 253-256. Koizumi, Yayoi. “Involvement of Plasma Membrane H+-Atpase in Anoxic Elongation of Stems in Pondweed (Potamogeton Distinctus) Ailstock.M. Stephen “The Characterization of Axenic Culture Sys Turions.” New Phytologist (C) 2011 New Phytologist Trust, doi: tems Suitable for Plant Propagation and Experimental Studies of the 10.1111.1469-8137.2010.03605.x, 10 pages. Submersed Aquatic Angiosperm Potamogeton pectinatus(Sago Miller, Stephanie, A., “Mechanisms of Resistance of Freshwater Pondweed) vol. 14, No. 1, p. 57-64 Mar. 1991. Macrophytes to Herbivory by Invasive Juvenile Common Carp.” Freshwater Biology (2007) 52, 39-49. Anderson, Lars W.J., “A review of aquatic weed biology and man Ookawara, Ryuto, “Expression of a-Expansin and Xyloglucan agement research conducted by the United States Department of Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase Genes Associated with Shoot Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service” Pest Manag Sci Elongation Enhanced by Anoxia, Ethylene and Carbon Dioxide in 59:801-813 (online: 2003) DOI: 10.1002/ps. 725. Arrowhead (Sagittaria pygmaea Miq.) 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Michael, “Techniques for Establishing Native Aquatic films improve CO and O2 exchange” New Phytologist (2008) 177: Plants.” J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 36: 44-49 (1998). 918-926. Spencer, David F. “Competition between two submersed aquatic Crump, Byron, "Attached Bacterial Populations Shared by Four Spe macrophytes, Potamogeton pectinatusand PotamogetOn gramineus, cies of Aquatic Angiosperms' Applied and Environmental across a light gradient.” Aquatic Botany 92 (2010) 239-244. Microbiology,Oct. 2008, p. 5948-5957 vol. 74, No. 19. Spencer, David F., "Construction costs for some aquatic plants.” Dixon, M.H., “Physiological and Metabolic Adaptations of Aquatic Botany 56 (1997) 203-214. PotamogetonpectinatusL. Tubers Support Rapid Elongation of Stem Spencer, David F., “Dilute Acetic Acid Exposure Enhances Electro Tissue in the Absence of Oxygen' Plant Cell Physiol. 47(1): 128-140 lyte Leakage by Hydrilla Verticillataand Potamogeton (2006). PectinatusTubers,” J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 35:25-30 (1997). Ghobrial, M.G., “Influence of Barley Straw and Submerged Spencer, David F. "Emergence of vegetative propagules of Macrophytes on Fishpond Wastewater Quality” vol. 33 No. 3, 2007: PotamogetOn nodosus, Potamogeion pectinatus, Vallisneria 68-87. americana, and Hydrilla verticillatabased on accumulated degree Greger, Maria, et al., "A Tentative Model of Cd Uptake in days.” Aquatic Botany 67 (2000) 237-249. Potamogeton Pectinatusin Relation to Salinity” vol. 35. No. 2, pp. Spencer, David F. “Influence of Propagule Size, Soil Fertility, and 215 225, 1995. Photoperiod on Growth and Propagule Production by Three Species Gruber, Renee., et al..."Feedback effects in a coastal canopy-forming of Submersed Macrophytes.” Wetlands, vol. 15, No. 2, Jun. 1995, pp. submersed plant bed” Limnol. Oceanogr., 55(6), 2010, 2285-2298. 134-140. Hangelbroek, Helen H. et al., “Local adaptation of the pondweed Spencer, David F. et al., “Soluble Sugar Concentrations Associated Potamogeion pectinatiusto contrasting Substrate types mediated by with Tuber and Winter Bud Sprouting”. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. changes in propagule provisioning” Journal of Ecology 2003 91. 39:45-47 (2001). 1081-1092. Summers, Jacky E., "Anaerobic promotion of stem extension in Harada, Taro, et al., “Anoxia-enhanced expression of genes isolated Potamogeton pectinatus. Roles for carbon dioxide, acidification and by Suppression Subtractive hybridization from pondweed hormones.” Physrologia Plantarum 96: 615-622. 1996. (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions” Planta (2007) 226:1041 Summers, Jacky E., "Light- and Dark-Grown Potamogeton 1052. Pectinatus, an Aquatic Macrophyte, Make No Ethylene (Ethene) But Harada, Taro, et al. “Expression of Sucrose Synthase Genes Involved Retain Responsiveness to the Gas.” Aust. J. 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