Aquarienpflanzen Prof.Dr .Hendri Kcd

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Aquarienpflanzen Prof.Dr .Hendri Kcd Aquarienpflanzen Prof.Dr .Hendri kCD . DeWi t Laboratorium für Pflanzensystematik und -géographie Landbauhochschule, Wageningen, Niederlande 110 Zeichnungen Verlag EugenUlme r Stuttgart Titel der Originalausgabe: Aquariumplanten Aus dem Niederländischen von Jürgen Hillner © 1966 Uitgeverij & Drukkerij Hollandia N. V., ßaarn © der deutschen Ausgabe 1971 Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart Printed in Germany ISBN 3 8001600 56 Umschlaggestaltung: H. G. Lechler, Stuttgart Satz und Druck: Tübinger Chronik, Tübingen Vorwort Das vorliegende Buch ist die deutsche Ausgabe der 1966 erschienenen zweiten Auflage von „Aquariumplanten". Die deutsche Fassung unterscheidet sich jedoch nicht nur im Äußeren wesentlich von der niederländischen. So wurden Fehler ausgemerzt, weitere Einzelheiten hinzugefügt, die erst in den letzten Jahren bekannt geworden sind, und besonders eine Reihe von Arten neu aufgenommen. Zum ersten Mal habe ich sämtliche Arten Cryptocoiyne, die bis heute entdeckt worden sind, behandelt und abbilden lassen, darunter sechs neue, also bislang noch nicht beschriebene Arten. Lagenandia und Aponogeton wurden ebenfalls erheblich erweitert. Der Text ist so gehalten, daß sidi auch Leser,di e über keine botanische Schulung verfügen, mühelos zurechtfinden. Der Einfachheit halber steht die Bezeichnung „Synonyme" für jegliche zu Un­ recht verwendeten Namen, d. h. der Terminus „Synonyme" hat hier eine viel weitere Bedeutung als üblicherweise in der wissenschaftlichen, technisch-botani­ schen Literatur. In diesem Buch sind „Synonyme" also nicht nur nomenklato- rischungültige , „inkorrekte" Namen, sondern z. B.auc h handelsübliche Bezeich­ nungen, fehlerhafte Identifizierungen u. a. Leider ist es unmöglich, allen zu danken, die auf verschiedenste Weise dazu bei­ getragen haben, daß die Darstellung der „Aquarienpflanzen" in ihrer jetzigen Form zustande kommen konnte. Viele Personen haben mir Pflanzenmaterial zugeschickt oder mich auf andere Weise unterstützt. Von den zahlreichen Ein­ sendern nenne ich dankbar A. Blass, München-Gräfelfing, J. Bogner, München, Y. W. Ong, Singapore, Dr. J. Schulze, Berlin, und P. J. van der Vlugt, Voorburg. Die Namen vieler, die hier ungenannt bleiben müssen, finden im Text des Bu­ chesihr e Erwähnung. Neben zahlreichen anderen Quellen verschafften mir „Die Aquarienpflanzen in Wort und Bild", das ausgezeichnete Werk vonAlber t Wendt, viele Angaben. Auch danke ich Herrn Dr. R. A. H. Legro vom „Laboratorium voor Tuinbouw- plantenteelt" in Wageningen für seine unablässige begeisterte Mitarbeit. Besonders verpflichtet bin ich weiterhin Frl. I. Zewald, der die einzigartige Serie von Cryptocoryne-Zeichnungen zu verdanken ist, und Herrn P. Pouwels für alle übrigen Zeichnungen. Mein Dank gilt nicht zuletzt Herrn Jürgen Hillner für seine aufmerksame Über­ setzung und dem Verlag Eugen Ulmer für sein förderndes Entgegenkommen bei der Betreuung der deutschen Ausgabe. Wageningen, im Herbst 1970 H. C.D .D e Wit Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 5 Einführung 7 Allgemeines über Aquarium und Pflanze 9 Von der Einrichtung des Aquariums 9 Neue Pflanzenarten 14 Algen im Aquarium 15 Die Aquarienpflanzen 21 Auf dem Wasser frei schwimmende Pflanzen 21 Azolla 21, Ceratopteris 23, Eichhornia 25,Lemn a 28,Limnobiu m 30, Pistia 32, Riccia 33, Ricciocarpus 34, Salvinia 34, Spirodela 38, Wolffia 38, Wolfflella 39 Untergetauchte, frei im Wasser schwebende Pflanzen 40 Aldrovanda 40, Lemna 42, Utricularia 43 Wurzelnde Rosetten von fadenförmigen, linealischen oder bandförmigen Blättern 47 Acorus 47, Alisma 49, Blyxa 49, Carex 52, Ctinum 52, Cyperus 53, Damaso- nium 53, Echinodorus 53, Eleocharis 53, Eriocaulon 58, Glyceria 58, Hydro- chloa 59, Isoëtes 59, Juncus 63, Littorella 63, Lobelia 64, Pilularia 65, Sagitta- ria 67, Spiranthes 73,Subulari a 74,Triglochi n 75,Vallisneri a 76 Blattrosetten auf dem Boden 83 Alisma 84, Anubias 85, Aponogeton 88, Boottia 112, Caldesia 112, Cryptoco- ryne 113,Echinodoru s 210,Lagenandr a 227, Luronium 234,Otteli a 236, Sagitta- ria 238, Samolus 247, Spathiphyllum 248 Im Boden wurzelnde Pflanzen mit schwimmenden Blättern 248 Barclaya 248,Braseni a 250,Damasoniu m 251, Hydrocharis 251, Hydrocleys251 , Nuphar 251, Nymphaea 253,Nymphoide s 256, Orontium 260, Trapa 260 Kriechende Stengel mit aufrechtstehenden Blättern 261 Hydrocotyle 261,Marsile a 262, Microsorium 265 Aufrechte Stengel mit Blättern 267 Alternanthera 267, Amblystegium 267, Bacopa 268, Cabomba 269, Callitri- che 274, Cardamine 276, Ceratophyllum 278, Chara 282, Crassula 282, Ela- tine 284, Elodea 285, Fontinalis 291,Galiu m 292, Gymnocoronis 293, Heteran- thera 294,Hippuri s 298,Hottoni a 298,Houttuyni a 298,Hydrill a 298, Hydrotri- che 299, Hygrophila 300, Jussiaea 302, Lagarosiphon 302, Limnophila 303, Lobelia 305, Ludwigia 306, Lycopodium 310, Lysimachia 311, Mayaca 311, Micranthemum 312, Montia 313, Myriophyllum 313, Najas 320, Nasturtium 325, Nitella 325, Nomaphila 327, Oryza 328, Peplis 329, Potamogeton 329, Pro- serpinaca 332, Ranunculus 335, Rotala 336, Ruppia 336, Sphagnum 337, Syn- nema 337, Vesicularia 338, Zannichellia 338 Literaturverzeichnis 339 Register 352 Einführung Die Aquarienliebhaberei hat sich wieder vonde mSchla g erholt, denih rda s auf­ kommende Fernsehen versetzte. Viele wurden anfangs von den Darbietungen auf dem Bildschirm sogefesselt , daßsi edi eruhige , harmonische Atmosphärede s Aquariums nicht mehr beachteten. Heute nimmt dasFernsehen , ebenso wie Ra­ dio, Telefon, Kino, Zeitung, Waschmaschine u.a. , in unserem täglichen Leben seinen gewohnten Platz ein, ja, es hat inzwischen sogar merklich zu Interesse und Neigung fürTier e undPflanzen , für dieNatur , beigetragen. Die Aquarienfreunde wollen auf die Betrachtung der ruhigen Welt, die sie sich mit denunendlic h vielen Möglichkeiten des Aquariums selbst geschaffen haben, nicht verzichten. Siewissen , wie sehr diese eigenartige Schönheit desi n sichge ­ schlossenen Naturgeschehens unser Leben bereichern kann. Wasser- oder Sumpfpflanzen imAquarium , Paludarium oder Terrarium erfüllen unsere häusliche Umgebung mit einem ganz besonderen Reiz, ihr Anblick und die Beschäftigung mit ihnen vermitteln uns nie nachlassende Freude. Das Be­ trachten derFarbschattierunge n undgraziöse n Formen, das Verfolgen der Lebens­ abläufe - die jeder Art eigentümlich, denen der Verwandten zum Teil ähnlich, zum Teil unähnlich sind - verschafft neben dem optischen Erlebnis all dieser Schönheiten dieimme r neue Bereicherung, etwas entdeckt oder das Verständnis vertieft zuhaben , Fragen zubegegnen , diesic h einem bislang noch nicht aufgetan haben, doch nun beantwortet werden müssen. Kurz und gut, es geht um das ganz eigene Denken und Handeln in einer ganz eigenen Welt, dievo n unserem beruflichen Alltag vollkommen losgelöst ist. Ausflüge in die Natur, in die Dschungel oder Parks der Märchenwelt hinter Glas sind auch für den Städter erreichbar. Dieses Buch von denAquarienpflanze n ist wie ein Reiseführer, eine Übersicht der Möglichkeiten. Ich habe, was den Aufbau und die Darstellung des Stoffes betrifft, andere Auf­ fassungen als siebi s heute in Büchern oder sonstigen Schriften über Aquarien­ pflanzen meistens vertreten sind. Häufig findet man die Pflanzen systematisch eingeteilt: die eine systematische Gruppe wird nach der anderen, Familie nach Familie abgehandelt. Weil Aquarienpflanzcn, wie wir sie halten, selten Merk­ male aufweisen (Blüten), die eindeutig die Familienzugehörigkeit erkennen las­ sen, und weil außerdem, um sieklassifiziere n zu können, eine botanische Schu­ lung erforderlich ist, die der Aquarienfreund in der Regel nicht absolviert hat, sehe ichi n dieser Art der Ordnung unserer Objekte keinerlei Vorteil. Eine systematische Einteilung erweckt wohl einen Anschein von Gelehrtheit, ist jedoch für den Aquarienliebhaber unbrauchbar. Eine geographische Einteilung, wie sie manchmal gehandhabt wird, kann ich 8 Einführung ebensowenig nützlich finden. Sehr oft weiß man zunächst nicht, wo die im Aquarium gezogenen Pflanzen ihr natürliches Vorkommen haben. Diese Kennt­ nis kommt erst später, wenn man sich darüber im klaren ist, mit welcher Pflanze man es zu tun hat. Sollte in bestimmten Fällen die Art von vornherein mit Si­ cherheit feststehen, dann kann das Register den Leser direkt auf die Stellen im Budi verweisen, wo erübe r die betreffende Pflanze mehr erfahren kann. Ich habe die besprochenen Pflanzen nach ihrem Wuchs, ihrer allgemeinen äuße­ ren Form, nach ihrem Erscheinungsbild als Aquarienpflanze geordnet, so wie sie derAquarienliebhabe r bei weitem am häufigsten betrachtet und auch verwendet. Wenn er mit etwas Genauigkeit und Geduld beobachtet und dieses Buch zu Rate zieht, wird er oft die Art, und wenn dies nicht mit Sicherheit möglich ist, die Gattung ermitteln können. Darum habe ich auf die wissenschaftliche Systematik ganz verzichtet. Es ist aber bei jeder Gattung die Pflanzenfamilie angegeben, zu der diebeschriebene n Pflanzen jeweils gehören. Indessen habe ich zu erreichen versucht, daß der Aquarianer, wenn er in den Be­ sitz von blühenden Pflanzen kommt, diese mit einiger Sicherheit bestimmen kann. Die Palette der hier beschriebenen, für das Aquarium geeigneten Pflanzen ist so reichhaltig, daß jeder mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit seine Pflanze auch in diesem Buch finden wird. Und noch eines: Ebenso wie es für den Anhänger der Fischliebhaberei ein Höhepunkt ist, wenn er seine Schützlinge im Aquarium zur Fortpflanzung bringen kann, findet der spezielle Freund der Aquarienpflan­ zen seine Mühe und Pflege belohnt, wenn er bestimmte Pflanzen seines Inter­ esses blühen und fruchten sieht.
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