Student’s book Social Science 6 Contents COMUNICATION AND COMPETENCES AND LESSON PAGE VALUES CRITICAL SPIRIT MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 1. The land and 4 to 27 Learning strategies Explaining why rivers Mathematical competence climate of Spain to save water. are important for human and basic competence in activities. science and technology / Logical-mathematical 2. Europe 28 to 45 Understanding and Explaining what types Mathematical competence respecting the of relief and climate are and basic competence in differences between most appealing to us. science and technology the peoples of / Visual-spatial Europe. 3. The environment 46 to 61 Understanding the Explaining why pollution Learning to learn / importance of is harmful. Naturalistic recycling. 4. The economy 62 to 91 Learning to be Learning which are my Sense of initiative a responsible strongest skills. and entrepreneurship consumer. / Interpersonal 5. The Contemporary 92 to 109 Appreciating the arts Explaining the Cultural awareness Age: the 19th century and the culture of changes in society. and expression / the 19th century. Intrapersonal 6. The Contemporary 110 to 133 Understanding Explaining how my Cultural awareness Age: the 20th and globalisation and its hometown has changed and expression / 21st centuries consequences. through history. Verbal linguistic I HAVE LEARNT Read Speak Talk Write Listen I can read and I can name the I can describe the I can write about I can listen and interpret physical characteristics of the characteristics of the what I have learnt understand maps climate zone that I live rivers and mountains about the relief. vocabulary about the in. of Spain. relief. I can read about the I can name the I can describe the I can write about I can listen and countries in Europe, countries in Europe cultural characteristics the main European understand the E.U. and the and the main features of an European rivers. vocabulary about the relief of Europe. of Europe’s relief. country of my choice. European rivers. I can read about the I can name the I can talk about a I can write about I can listen to my effects of pollution different types of sustainable life style. biodegradable teacher talking about in the atmosphere. pollution. products. National Parks. I can read about I can name the main I can explain the I can write about the I can listen to my active and inactive economic activities in different types of importance f the classmates population. the primary sector. industries and the tertiary sector. explaining their ideas products they make. for a new company. I can read about the I can name the main I can talk about the I can write about I can listen to a CD French Revolution. technological 1812 Constitution. the politics of Spain track about the changes of the during the 19th artistic movements. Industrial Revolution. century. I can read about the I can name the main I can talk about how I can write about I can listen to my politics of Spain characteristics of the the technological the art movements teacher talking about during the 20th 1978 Constitution. development has of the 20th century. the democracy in century. changed our lives. Spain. Lesson 1 The land and climate of Spain Look and think: Landforms are natural solid things on the Earth’s surface such as continents, mountains, valleys and plains. A coast is the area dividing land and sea. Rivers often flow in depressions on the Earth’s surface, and into the sea. The landforms, coasts and rivers of Spain are very varied. What landforms or coasts can you see in the pictures? What parts of Spain do you think these pictures might show? 4 four Our heritage Water is essential to life. We use it at home for drinking, cooking or washing. It’s also used in agriculture to water the crops. Farms and factories also use a lot of water. Because of droughts, some areas in Spain do not get all the water they need. There are different ways to minimise this problem: The land and climate Building canals to transfer water Desalination plants take away the Water treatment plants filter the from a river that carries more salt from seawater so it can be used. water from the sewers and separate of Spain water to another that carries less. the pure water from the waste. But we still need to be aware that we must save water and try our best to keep it pure and clean. We use plenty of water and we can make a difference if we all play our part! 1. How do you think they separate salt from water at desalination plants? 2. Do you try to save water every day? How? Fact! How is it possible that On average, each one of us uses we use that much water a day? Find out here! 150 litres of water a day! http://links.edebe.com/nex2 1. Research and explain what water transfers between rivers there are in Spain. 2. Is there a water treatment plant close to where you live? Find out about the different uses of that water. five 5 Inland and coastal landforms The Earth is not flat. There are many areas with different elevations (heights) and shapes. The elevation of landforms is always measured from sea level. We use the word relief to refer to all these features of the landscape. These are some of the main relief features: Mountains are areas in Mountain ranges are A valley is a depression which the land rises steeply groups of mountains. between mountains. high above sea level. A river basin is the area over which a river and its An island is a piece tributaries flow. of land entirely Bays are areas of water surrounded by sea. partly surrounded by land. An archipelago is A gulf is a very large bay. a group of islands. Plateaus are plains are Capes high above sea level. areas of land that extend into the sea. Plains are large flat areas of land. A peninsula is an island connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land called an isthmus. Read more about relief features! http://links.edebe.com/wa 1. What is the difference between a plateau and a plain? 2. And between a cape and a 1. Draw a picture of the area in which you live peninsula? and label the landforms. 3. What relief features do you 2. What do we call a low area of land between know in Spain? mountains? 6 six Mapping the Earth’s landforms As you know, we use relief maps to represent the terrain. Relief maps are also called physical maps, and show the elevation of an area above sea level. If we need to know the exact altitude of a point on the map, topographic maps show more detailed information. RELIEF MAPS This is a relief map of Andalusia. At a glance, we can see that there are areas with similar elevations. We can easily distinguish the mountain ranges from the low areas. The colour code gives us information about the high mountain ranges and the low areas, which we can easily distinguish. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Topographic maps are very accurate From relief and topographic maps, we because they show the exact elevation can create topographic cross-sections. of points in the map. Every point on These show a profile of the relief. the same line has the same elevation. Imagine that we’re cutting through the These lines are called contour lines. Earth with a very big knife. It would look like this: 1. If you had to learn about the relief of a very Do you know any other types of maps? large area, like a country, would you use a What information do they show? relief map or a topographic map? Why? seven 7 Spain’s inland landforms Spain is on an area of land called the Iberian Peninsula. Most of it is quite high above sea level. On this relief map you can see the inner plateau (Meseta), several mountain ranges, and two larger river basins that are Spain’s main landform features. THE INNER PLATEAU Torre del Llambrión The Meseta is a big plateau located in the centre 2,642 m Torre Cerredo Monte Perdido 2,650 m 3,404 m of the Iberian Peninsula. There are two main areas: CAN Basque TABRIAN RANGE Hills P Galician Massif Peña Trevinca E Y R A BR E N E E S León Hills 2,127 m Moncayo O RIV The North Meseta is about NORTH MESETA 2,313 m ER BA 700 metres above sea level. SIN A Ibe ria n Ra CENTRAL SYSTEM nge Pico Almanzor Penyagolosa B 2,592 m B 1,813 m The South Meseta is about Toledo MountainsSOUTH MESETA 670 metres above sea level. Bañuela 1,332 m La Sagra ASIN 2,382 m SIERRA MORENA VER B R RI IVI SYSTEM LQU ETIC Mulhacén DA BA Veleta RIVER BASINS UA 3,482 m G 3,394 m The Guadalquivir and Ebro river basins are low C areas of fertile land. C D CANARY ISLANDS Teide 3,718 m The Guadalquivir river flows through The Ebro river flows through the Guadalquivir river basin. the Ebro river basin. Fact! 1. Which mountain ranges are higher? How can you tell? The elevation 2. Which mountain ranges are on the Meseta? of a landform above sea level 3. Do you know the name of any of the mountains in your area? 4. What areas in Spain are less than 200 metres above sea level? is also called its altitude. 8 eight MOUNTAIN RANGES Spain has three sets of mountain ranges.